Rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration. Firstly, through minimally invasive treatment technologies such as rock surface grooving and hole drilling, the processes of rock surface softening, mineralization and soil formation are accelerated, and the growth space of rock surface plant roots is increased; secondly, a rock vegetation matrix preparation technology is adopted, the long-acting high-performance ecological base material with the organic matter proportion larger than 50% is formed by uniformly mixing and stirring the rock vegetation matrix with the greening base material according to the proportion that the mass of the rock vegetation matrix is not smaller than 1 / 3, and the long-acting high-performance ecological base material has the advantages of being high in organic matter nutrient content, retaining water, restraining water evaporation, being high in matrix aggregate water stability and mechanical strength and the like; and finally, screening plant seeds which are suitable for growing and mainly contain shrubs on the basis of a near-natural ecological restoration concept to increase the biomass and survival rate of the plants. Therefore, the rock vegetation ecological protection slope is beneficial to enhancing the stress resistance and adaptability of an artificial restoration rock slope ecological system, has good slope surface shallow layer protection and ecological landscape effects, and has the advantages which are incomparable with other similar construction methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration. Background Art

[0003] There are two main categories of existing ecological slope protection technologies. The first is product-based ecological slope protection technology, including vegetation belts, vegetation bags, geocells, ecological blankets, ecological bricks, etc. The second is a series of spray-seeding ecological slope protection technologies developed since the 21st century based on Japan's advanced experience, such as hydraulic spraying, foreign soil spraying, spray-mixed vegetation, thick layer substrate spraying, granular spraying, etc. Among them, the most typical representative is the foreign soil spraying technology. Foreign soil spraying has the advantages of efficient and fast construction, high cost performance, and fast germination and formation. It has been widely used in rock slope ecological restoration projects. In recent years, with the development of materials science, botany, soil science, geotechnical engineering and other disciplines, research on imported soil spraying technology at home and abroad has mainly focused on three aspects: base material ratio, water stability and mechanical strength. In particular, conventional hard material cement has been added to the base material ratio, and vegetation concrete ecological restoration technology suitable for steeper rock slopes has been developed. There are also many successful practical application cases. It can be said that these spraying ecological slope protection technologies have played an important role in the ecological restoration projects of rock slopes in my country's humid and semi-humid climate areas.

[0004] However, we have noticed that the current ecological protection of rock slopes, although it has developed from the traditional concrete frame beam slope grass planting and greening technology to the slope ecological restoration system technology, and various construction methods and technologies have their own characteristics, the rock slopes have complex lithology, developed stratification, soil deficiency and low water retention, which increases the difficulty of rock slope ecological restoration. Especially in the ecologically fragile areas of semi-arid and dry-hot river valleys, there is an extreme shortage of water under harsh habitat conditions, and sometimes it is controlled by short-term heavy rains and extremely high temperature pressure. In addition, the rock slopes are highly heterogeneous and have no soil retention. They do not have the most basic conditions of water and soil resources required for the growth of rock surface vegetation. It is extremely challenging to carry out ecological restoration of exposed rock slopes. At present, both imported soil spraying technology and vegetation concrete technology mostly use herbaceous plants, single vegetation selection, poor diversity, and weak local adaptability. In addition, the base material prepared with low-quality substrate cannot meet the long-term substrate nutrient requirements required under the harsh habitat conditions of rock slopes. A large amount of artificial maintenance is often required to maintain the survival and growth of vegetation. As a result, there are not many successful cases of the existing spray-seeding ecological slope protection technology in the ecological restoration projects of rock slopes in semi-arid and dry-hot river valley ecologically fragile areas.

[0005] In order to achieve ecological restoration of rock slopes, it is necessary to reconstruct the growth basis of rock surface vegetation first, and it is even more necessary to overcome the long-term high-performance ecological substrate formula required for ecological restoration in the special habitat of rock slopes. The rational formulation of this ecological substrate is the core of rock slope ecological restoration technology. The realization of its performance mainly depends on the effect of artificial added materials. It should not only provide the required reasonable basic structure for the growth of vegetation on rock slopes, but also serve as a platform and carrier for the transformation of plant water and nutrients. On the other hand, in line with the principle of following natural ecology, based on ecological principles, multi-objective function simulation and experimental testing, combined with specific rock slope habitat conditions, especially the soil vegetation characteristics of ecologically fragile areas such as semi-arid and dry-hot valleys, the development of near-natural adaptive plant superior varieties selection, cultivation and diversity vegetation configuration technology is also another important breakthrough in overcoming the difficulties of rock slope ecological restoration.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the drawbacks of the above-mentioned conventional slope protection technology of spraying applied to rock slopes and the difficulties in the ecological restoration of rock slopes themselves, the present invention directly addresses the harsh habitat conditions of rock slopes. Through the basic reconstruction of rock slope vegetation restoration, the use of long-term high-performance ecological substrates and near-natural diversity species optimization configuration solutions and their supporting substrate spraying and species spraying and other construction processes, it can effectively solve the technical problems of rock slope stability protection and ecological restoration, and provide technical support for the ecological restoration of rock slopes in my country, especially in ecologically fragile areas such as semi-arid and dry-hot valleys. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a near-natural ecological restoration rock vegetation ecological slope protection technology, which is suitable for various rock slope ecological protection, landscape improvement and soil and water loss control projects in development and construction projects such as transportation, energy, water conservancy, mining and municipal administration.

[0008] To this end, the technical solution of the present application provides a rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration, including the following steps:

[0009] S1. Reconstruction of rock vegetation foundation: minimally invasive surface treatment of target rocks, anchoring of three-dimensional protection nets, laying of biological anti-slip belts, and reconstruction of rock surface vegetation foundation;

[0010] S2. Ecological substrate spraying: rock vegetation substrate and greening substrate are mixed and stirred to form a high-performance ecological substrate, and then the ecological substrate is mixed with water and sprayed onto the reconstructed rock surface to form a rock vegetation base layer;

[0011] S3. Spraying of near-natural diverse vegetation species substrate: Mix the rock vegetation diversity plant seeds with the ecological substrate described in S2, and spray them onto the rock vegetation base layer to form a rock vegetation planting layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the minimally invasive surface treatment described in S1 includes rock surface grooving and spraying with microbial soil bacteria.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for preparing the rock vegetation matrix described in S2 is: crushing and stacking organic waste and then subjecting it to natural microbial decomposition to obtain the rock vegetation matrix.

[0014] Furthermore, the greening substrate described in S2 includes local planting soil and a mixed additive consisting of wood fiber, organic fertilizer, adhesive, and water retaining agent.

[0015] Furthermore, in the high-performance ecological substrate described in S2, the added mass ratio of the rock vegetation matrix is ​​≥1 / 3.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-performance ecological substrate sprayed in S2 has a thickness of 8-10 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the spraying thickness of the mixture of rock-vegetated near-natural diversity plant seeds and ecological substrate described in S3 is 1-3 cm.

[0018] And, application of the above preparation method in rock ecological restoration, wherein the rock is located in an ecologically fragile area with a slope of ≥45°.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: firstly, the present application can effectively accelerate the softening, mineralization and soilification process of the rock surface and increase the root growth space of plants on the rock surface through minimally invasive treatment technologies such as grooving and drilling holes on the rock surface and spraying microorganisms and soil bacteria; secondly, the preparation technology of rock vegetation matrix rich in organic matter is adopted, and the total organic matter accounts for more than 85%, and according to the different forms and lithological characteristics of rock slopes, a rock vegetation matrix with a mass of not less than 1 / 3 is mixed and stirred evenly with the greening matrix to form a long-lasting high-performance ecological matrix with an organic matter proportion of more than 50%, which has the characteristics of high organic matter nutrients, water retention, inhibition of water evaporation, strong water stability of matrix aggregates and high mechanical strength; finally, based on the concept of near-natural ecological restoration, a variety of plant seeds suitable for growth, mainly shrubs, are selected, and certain special materials are added when necessary, so as to improve the germination survival rate of plant seeds in the harsh habitat conditions of semi-arid and dry-hot river valleys and increase plant biomass. Therefore, rock vegetation ecological slope protection is beneficial to enhancing the resistance and adaptability of artificially restored rock slope ecosystems, and has good shallow slope protection and ecological landscape effects, and has advantages that other construction methods and technologies cannot match. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reconstruction of the rock vegetation foundation of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the proportion of the rock plant growth-effective high-performance ecological substrate of the present invention;

[0022] (In the figure: the long-lasting high-performance ecological substrate is composed of rock vegetation matrix, planting soil and mixed additives, and the greening substrate is composed of the latter two, among which the mixed additives include wood fiber, organic fertilizer, adhesive and water retaining agent);

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of seeds of the rock-planted near-natural diversity plants of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rock vegetation construction process of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical section layering of the rock vegetation slope protection project;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the succession of grass and shrub vegetation on a rock-vegetated slope of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the long-term succession process of the rock vegetation slope vegetation community of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a rendering of the rock vegetation ecological slope protection effect of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0030] To this end, one embodiment of the present application provides a rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration, comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Reconstruction of rock vegetation foundation: minimally invasive surface treatment of target rocks, anchoring of three-dimensional protection nets, laying of biological anti-slip belts, and reconstruction of rock surface vegetation foundation.

[0032] In this implementation, minimally invasive treatments such as grooving the rock surface and spraying microbial soil bacteria are first performed. Grooving the rock surface refers to grooving and drilling holes on some smooth and steep slopes to accelerate the softening, mineralization and soilification of the rock surface, increase the growth space for plant roots, and later install three-dimensional protection nets. After that, the three-dimensional protection nets are anchored and the biological anti-slip belts are laid to reconstruct the growth foundation of vegetation on the rock surface, thereby achieving the triple superposition effects of effective rock surface treatment, three-dimensional roughening and comprehensive protection.

[0033] like Figure 1The figure below shows the reconstruction of the rock vegetation foundation. The left figure shows the reconstruction of the foundation formed by the laying of the three-dimensional protection net and the biological anti-slip belt.

[0034] S2. Ecological substrate spraying: rock vegetation substrate and greening substrate are mixed and stirred to form a high-performance ecological substrate, which is then mixed with water and sprayed onto the reconstructed rock surface to form a rock vegetation base layer;

[0035] In this embodiment, the rock vegetation matrix is ​​obtained by crushing and stacking organic waste and then decomposing it by natural microorganisms, wherein the organic waste includes branches, fallen leaves, grass, straw, etc. After the decomposition is completed, a granular or powdered rock vegetation matrix material rich in organic matter is formed. Then, the rock vegetation matrix is ​​mixed with a greening substrate, which is a mixture of local planting soil and a mixed additive composed of wood fiber, organic fertilizer, adhesive, and water retaining agent, and then sprayed onto the reconstructed rock surface.

[0036] like Figure 2 The figure shows the ratio of ecological substrates, in which the rock vegetation matrix accounts for ≥ 1 / 3 of the total ecological substrate ratio.

[0037] Among the above materials, the rock vegetation substrate has the effects of improving soil structure, maintaining soil moisture, increasing soil fertility, enhancing soil stress resistance and promoting plant absorption of soil nutrients. After natural decomposition by microorganisms, its organic matter is as high as 85% or more; after mixing with the greening substrate at a ratio of not less than 1 / 3, it can form a long-lasting high-performance ecological substrate with an organic matter proportion of more than 50%. It has the characteristics of high organic matter nutrients, water retention, inhibition of water evaporation, strong water stability of matrix aggregates and high mechanical strength. Finally, it is mixed with water and sprayed evenly on the slope surface reconstructed by the triple foundation that has been meshed, anchored and roughened by a high-pressure spraying machine, thereby forming a rock vegetation base layer with a thickness of 8-10cm, which provides the most important environmental conditions for favorable water and soil resources to support the restoration of the life system of rock slope ecological vegetation.

[0038] S3. Spraying of species substrate prepared by near-natural diversity: Mix the diverse plant seeds, mainly near-natural shrubs suitable for rock vegetation, with the high-performance ecological substrate described in S2, and spray them onto the rock vegetation base layer to form a rock vegetation planting layer.

[0039] In this implementation, the near-natural diversity species refer to the selection of local dominant plant species that are drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant, have well-developed root systems and strong carbon sink functions based on ecological methods such as vegetation surveys and niche methods. Based on multi-objective simulation and experimental testing methods such as ecological indexes, vegetation carbon sinks, and ecological water requirements, an optimal configuration plan for near-natural diversity vegetation species, mainly shrubs, supplemented by vines, herbs, etc., is proposed, such as Figure 3Shown is a schematic diagram of the configuration of rock vegetation diversity plant seeds in a specific implementation method: among them, shrub seeds account for more than 60%, accounting for the main part of plant seeds, followed by herbaceous seeds accounting for about 20%, supplemented by trees, flowers, vines, etc., accounting for about 10%.

[0040] In this embodiment, the specific spraying method is based on the basic characteristics of the rock slope shape and rock properties, and the sprayer is used to spray the base material and greening materials onto the slope surface respectively. The sprayed base material is required to fit closely with the rock surface, with a thickness distribution of 8-10cm, and the species base material is sprayed evenly with a thickness of 1-3cm.

[0041] Based on the concept of near-natural ecological restoration, suitable grass and shrub seeds are selected, and certain special materials are added when necessary to improve the germination survival rate of seeds in the harsh habitat conditions of semi-arid and dry-hot river valleys and increase plant biomass. Therefore, rock vegetation ecological slope protection is conducive to enhancing the resistance and adaptability of artificially restored rock slope ecosystems, and has good shallow slope protection and ecological landscape effects, which has advantages that other construction methods and technologies cannot match.

[0042] The above implementation plan is applicable to surface stability protection and ecological restoration projects of various rock slopes with a slope greater than 45° formed in development and construction projects. It is particularly suitable for ecological restoration, landscape improvement and soil and water loss control projects of rock slopes in ecologically fragile areas such as semi-arid areas and dry and hot river valleys. It can effectively construct a long-term stable, near-natural diversity vegetation community system dominated by shrubs on rock slopes.

[0043] Another embodiment of the present application discloses a specific construction process of the rock vegetation slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration, such as Figure 4 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0044] S1. Reconstruction of rock vegetation base

[0045] 1. Minimally invasive slope clearing: remove dangerous rocks and floating stones from the slope. For high, steep, hard, and smooth rock slopes, it is necessary to perform minimally invasive treatments such as grooving, drilling, and spraying microorganisms on the smooth rock surface to accelerate the softening process of the rock surface and promote the growth of vegetation roots.

[0046] 2. Anchoring construction: According to the designed spacing and depth, carry out a series of anchoring construction operations such as mechanical drilling → inserting threaded steel anchor rods → injecting cement slurry, and secure them firmly.

[0047] 3. Fixing the hanging net: Lay the three-dimensional protective net along the top of the slope from top to bottom and fix it with the anchor head. Drive several anchor nails between adjacent anchors to fix the hanging net. Make the hanging net fit the slope surface as closely as possible. For steep slopes, biological anti-slip belts or ecological sticks should be laid on the hanging net to prevent the sprayed substrate from sliding down and falling off.

[0048] S2. Ecological substrate spraying

[0049] 4. Mixing of substrate: Mix the specially prepared rock vegetation substrate in a ratio of no less than 1 / 3 with local planting soil, wood fiber, organic fertilizer, adhesive, water retaining agent and other greening substrates to form a high-performance ecological substrate.

[0050] 5. Spraying of substrate: Mix the ecological substrate with water and use a sprayer to spray it onto the slope from top to bottom for multiple times until it reaches the designed thickness of 8-10cm to form a rock vegetation base layer.

[0051] S3. Spraying of substrates with species prepared for near-natural diversity

[0052] 6. Species spraying: Investigate and screen local near-natural plant varieties and reasonably configure them with foreign varieties. Mix the grass and shrubs evenly with the plant seeds according to the designed sowing amount. If necessary, add certain special materials and mix them evenly with the ecological substrate. Use a sprayer to spray on the rock vegetation base layer to form a rock vegetation planting layer with a thickness of 1-3cm. For high and steep rock slopes, it is also necessary to plant suitable climbing vines on the platform to increase the vegetation coverage rate.

[0053] 7. Installation and debugging of micro-spraying system: Lay out the micro-spraying pipeline system on the slope and carry out installation and debugging.

[0054] 8. Surface covering: The surface of the vegetation planting layer is covered with straw mats, non-woven fabrics or coconut silk blankets to keep moisture and reduce evaporation.

[0055] 9. Maintenance and management: Micro-spraying watering maintenance is carried out in the initial stage of construction to ensure seed germination and survival and growth of seedlings. After that, regular maintenance period of 1-3 years is carried out, and maintenance is gradually stopped after the shrub grows into lignification.

[0056] This formed the Figure 5 The vertical section layered schematic diagram of the rock vegetation slope protection project shown in the figure shows that the present invention provides a near-natural ecological restoration rock vegetation slope protection technology. The method of the present invention is used to implement the rock slope ecological restoration project. In the early stage of completion, the pioneer herbaceous vegetation quickly regreens, and gradually evolves into shrub vegetation dominated by shrubs after 2-5 years, and then replaces into a near-natural ecological vegetation system dominated by local native shrubs after 5-10 years (such as Figure 6 . Schematic diagram of grass and shrub vegetation succession on rocky slopes, Figure 7 The long-term succession prediction diagram of vegetation communities on rocky vegetation slopes is shown in the figure), which can not only restore the vegetation ecosystem on rocky slopes to the maximum extent in the long term, but also effectively protect the rocky slopes. It is suitable for ecological restoration, landscape improvement and soil and water loss control projects on rocky slopes with a slope greater than 45° (especially greater than 60°).

[0057] The application example is taken to illustrate the ecological restoration of the rock slope of a road cut formed by excavation during the construction of a certain highway.

[0058] The rock slope of the road cutting is located on the main highway in the semi-arid area at the junction of the north and south of my country. The rock slope is weakly weathered limestone, the effective rainfall on the slope is about 400mm, the foot line is 386m long, the vertical height is 37m, and there are five levels of slopes divided into one level with a vertical height of 8m. The total slope area is 14,000m 2 The slope ratio of the first and second level rock slopes is 1:0.75 to 1:0.5. The rock vegetation ecological slope protection technology provided by the present invention is used for slope ecological restoration. The design scheme for rock slope ecological restoration is that the organic matter of the rock vegetation matrix accounts for 90%, and the ratio with the greening substrate is 1:1; the ratio of grass and shrub seeds is 1:4, among which the herbaceous plants are mainly tall fescue and ryegrass, and the shrub plants are more than ten varieties such as Amorpha fruticosa, Vitex, Lespedeza, and Echinops, and the designed spraying amount is 50g / m 2 , and put it into practice with this as the ecological substrate and plant seeds. The construction process and steps are as follows:

[0059] Step 1: Slope clearing

[0060] Dangerous rocks and loose stones were removed from the slope, and grooves and holes were dug and drilled on some smooth and steep slopes.

[0061] Step 2: Anchoring construction

[0062] According to the designed spacing of 2m and depth of 60-100cm, a series of anchoring construction works including drilling holes → inserting threaded steel anchor rods → injecting cement slurry are carried out in sequence and secured.

[0063] Step 3: Laying and fixing the three-dimensional protective net

[0064] Lay the three-dimensional protective net along the top of the slope from top to bottom and fix it with the anchor head. Drive several anchors between adjacent anchors to fix the net. Make the net fit the slope as closely as possible. Since the first and second level slopes are very steep, lay a biological anti-slip belt on the net every 30-50cm to prevent the sprayed substrate from sliding down and falling off.

[0065] Step 4: Mixing the base material

[0066] Mix the rock vegetation matrix with the greening base material in a ratio of no less than 1 / 3 and stir evenly to form an ecological base material.

[0067] Step 5: Spraying the substrate

[0068] Mix the ecological base material with water and use a sprayer to spray it onto the slope from top to bottom multiple times until it reaches the designed thickness of 8-10cm to form a rock vegetation base layer.

[0069] Step 6: Species Spraying

[0070] The grass shrub mixed plant seeds are sprayed at a designed rate of 50g / m 2 Mix it evenly with the ecological base material, and use a sprayer to spray it onto the slope matrix layer to form a 1-3cm thick rock vegetation planting layer.

[0071] Step 7: Installation and debugging of micro-spray system

[0072] Lay the micro-spray pipeline system on the slope and carry out installation and debugging.

[0073] Step 8: Surface Covering

[0074] The surface of the rock vegetation planting layer is covered with straw mats.

[0075] Step 9: Maintenance and management

[0076] After the construction is completed, after 1-3 years of routine maintenance by sprinkler irrigation, the herbaceous pioneer vegetation will gradually be replaced by shrubs, and the maintenance of the shrub plants will be gradually stopped after they grow into wood.

[0077] like Figure 8 Shown are schematic diagrams before and after the restoration of the rock slope of the road cut formed by excavation for the construction of the expressway. The left is before the restoration and the right is after the restoration. It can be seen that after completing a series of rock vegetation construction processes such as slope clearing, minimally invasive treatment, anchoring, hanging nets, substrate spraying, species spraying, and sprinkler irrigation maintenance, the pioneer herbaceous plants germinated and sprouted in the spring of the first year and quickly regreened. Shrubs began to sprout in May of that year. In the second half of the year, the shrubs grew to 30-50cm and the herbs began to degenerate. In the second and third years, the herbaceous plants gradually decreased, and the shrubs increased significantly to 2-5 plants per square meter and reached a height of more than 50-80cm. The initial succession from herbs to shrubs was basically achieved, and a shrub vegetation community system dominated by shrubs and with a forest and grass vegetation coverage rate of 90% was gradually formed, achieving satisfactory rock slope ecological restoration effects.

[0078] It is true that for rock slopes in different climate types, in order to successfully achieve the goal of ecological restoration, it is necessary to conduct a series of experimental studies such as investigation and analysis of local soil and vegetation, germination and cultivation experiments of suitable varieties, slope spraying experiments, sample collection, and measurement and debugging of corresponding indicators in order to determine the two key ratios of ecological substrate and diverse species involved in the specific rock vegetation ecological restoration technology.

[0079] Therefore, the rock vegetation ecological slope protection technology of the present invention first performs minimally invasive treatment on the rock slope surface by digging grooves, drilling holes, and spraying microorganisms, and reconstructs the growth foundation of vegetation on the rock surface in combination with the anchoring of a three-dimensional protective net and the laying of biological anti-slip belts; on this basis, the long-term stability of organic matter in the rock vegetation substrate is ensured from three aspects: the ratio of long-term high-performance ecological substrate, water stability, and mechanical strength, thereby maximizing the guarantee of water replenishment on the rock slope and giving play to the advantages of local plants, effectively solving the technical problems of stable protection of the rock slope and ecological restoration, especially in the implementation of ecological restoration projects on various rock slopes such as excavated and filled slopes, hardened slopes, and slag slopes in semi-arid and dry-hot river valley areas in my country, which has important practical significance, and provides strong technical support for the ecological restoration of rock slopes.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0081] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock slope protection method for near-natural ecological restoration, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Reconstruction of rock vegetation foundation: minimally invasive surface treatment of target rocks, anchoring of three-dimensional protection nets, laying of biological anti-slip belts, and reconstruction of rock surface vegetation foundation; S2. Ecological substrate spraying: rock vegetation substrate and greening substrate are mixed and stirred to form a high-performance ecological substrate, which is then mixed with water and sprayed onto the reconstructed rock surface to form a rock vegetation base layer; S3. Spraying of near-natural diversity vegetation species substrate: Mix the rock vegetation near-natural diversity plant seeds with the ecological substrate described in S2, and spray them onto the rock vegetation base layer to form a rock vegetation planting layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimally invasive surface treatment described in S1 includes grooving the rock surface and spraying microbial bacteria for treatment.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the rock vegetation matrix described in S2 is: crushing and piling up organic waste and then subjecting it to natural microbial decomposition to obtain the rock vegetation matrix.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 The greening substrate includes local planting soil and a mixed additive consisting of wood fiber, organic fertilizer, adhesive, and water retaining agent.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the ecological base material described in S2, the added mass ratio of the rock vegetation matrix is ​​≥1 / 3.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2 The ecological substrate spraying thickness is 8-10cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 The spraying thickness of the mixture of rock vegetation near-natural diversity plant seeds and ecological substrate is 1-3 cm.

8. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in ecological restoration of rock slopes, characterized in that: The rock is located in a semi-arid and dry-hot river valley ecologically fragile area and has a slope of ≥45°.

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