A large-span underground load-bearing structure and construction method for basements

Abstract

This invention discloses a large-span underground load-bearing structure for a basement, comprising load-bearing walls and a basement roof slab atop the load-bearing walls. The basement roof slab includes multiple overlapping roof rings of gradually increasing size. Each roof ring is composed of multiple fan-shaped roof unit components. Each roof unit component has pull rings at the top and bottom connected to fixing cables. Overlapping roof unit components of adjacent roof rings are connected by bolts. A fixing plate is located at the center of the basement roof slab, comprising upper and lower fixing plates. The roof unit components of the innermost roof ring are sandwiched between the upper and lower fixing plates and bolted together. Fixing screws and fixing blocks are respectively located at the center of the upper and lower fixing plates and connected by fixing screws. Fixing components are located on the ground above the basement roof slab and connected to the basement roof slab by cables. This invention solves the problems of high construction difficulty, low strength, susceptibility to groundwater influencing and subsequent floating of the basement roof due to groundwater, and fire prevention in large-span basements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of large-span engineering structure technology, specifically a large-span underground load-bearing structure for basements and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Large-span underground parking garages offer a range of advantages, including large spans, integration, advanced structure, high quality, simple construction, and high cost-effectiveness. The large-span design significantly increases the number of parking spaces, improves space utilization, integrates pipelines, and saves floor height. The prestressed steel beam-slab integrated structure boasts strong load-bearing capacity, low deflection, and a large effective area, providing excellent visibility and comfort for drivers and parkers. The ground can be finished with colored concrete to enhance aesthetics. The integrated roof and slab structure is lightweight and allows for rapid construction. Compared to traditional structures, large-span underground parking garages save on area and cost, reducing construction time by over 30% and cost by over 10%, demonstrating significant economic and social benefits.

[0003] Large-span basement roof structures can be broadly categorized into two types: beam-slab structures and flat slab structures. Beam-slab structures offer clear force transmission, and their technology and construction processes are conventional. They are integrally cast-in-place, possessing high overall stiffness and capable of transmitting horizontal seismic shear forces at the fixed-layer location. Flat slab structures, on the other hand, simplify formwork construction, save on net height, and reduce the difficulty of excavation and foundation pit support. However, their horizontal stiffness is relatively low, making them unsuitable as a fixed-layer for the superstructure.

[0004] Traditional large-span basements have at least the following problems: The roof of a traditional large-span basement is mainly formed by one-piece casting or by splicing prefabricated components. Such construction methods are difficult to implement and it is hard to guarantee the strength requirements of the roof of a large-span basement. Its waterproof and fireproof performance is also difficult to meet the standards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a large-span underground load-bearing structure and construction method for basements, effectively solving problems such as the high construction difficulty of the top of large-span basements, the low strength of the top of large-span basements, the basement's susceptibility to floating due to groundwater, and fire prevention.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention discloses a large-span underground load-bearing structure for a basement, comprising a load-bearing wall and a basement roof slab atop the load-bearing wall. The basement roof slab includes multiple roof rings of gradually increasing size that are stacked on top of each other. Each roof ring is composed of multiple fan-shaped roof unit components. Each roof unit component has pull rings at both the top and bottom, and a fixing cable is provided between adjacent pull rings. Corresponding bolt holes are provided between the stacked roof unit components of adjacent roof rings, and they are connected by bolts. A fixing plate is provided at the center of the basement roof slab. The fixing plate includes an upper fixing plate and a lower fixing plate, and the inner side of each roof unit component of the smallest roof ring is fixed. A fixing element is sandwiched between the upper and lower fixing plates, with corresponding bolt holes on all three and connected by bolts. A fixing screw is located at the center of the top of the upper fixing plate, and a fixing block is located at the center of the bottom of the lower fixing plate. The upper fixing plate, lower fixing plate, and fixing block are connected by the fixing screw. A fixing element is installed on the ground above the basement roof slab. Vertical and diagonal cables are installed between the fixing element and the basement roof slab. A cable pull ring is also installed at the top of the upper fixing plate. The other ends of the vertical and diagonal cables are connected to the cable pull ring. Multiple load-bearing cables are installed between the fixing element and each of the roof slab rings.

[0008] Furthermore, an external waterproof layer is provided on the outer side of the basement roof slab and the load-bearing wall, and an internal waterproof layer is provided on the inner side of the basement roof slab and the load-bearing wall.

[0009] Furthermore, a vertical fireproof board is provided on the inner side of the inner waterproof layer, and a horizontal fireproof board is provided on the top of the vertical fireproof board.

[0010] Furthermore, a support frame is provided between the inner waterproof layer and the transverse fireproof board.

[0011] Furthermore, a suction motor is provided on the side of the outer waterproof layer, and a water delivery pipe is provided above the suction motor. The water delivery pipe extends to the ground and is connected to a water storage tank.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a basement floor slab, under which anti-buoyancy anchors are installed.

[0013] Furthermore, a movable fireproof plate and a motor are installed below the basement floor. The movable fireproof plate has a rack groove on its side, and the motor output shaft is equipped with a gear. The gear cooperates with the rack groove, and the motor drives the gear to rotate in the forward or reverse direction, thereby driving the movable fireproof plate to rise or fall through the rack groove.

[0014] Furthermore, a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor are installed above the basement floor, and the smoke sensor and temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control system.

[0015] This invention discloses a construction method for the large-span underground load-bearing structure of a basement as described in the above-mentioned technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Level the ground, fix the basement floor slab, install smoke and temperature sensors above the basement floor slab, and reserve an installation groove below the basement floor slab for installing a motor and a movable fireproof board;

[0017] S2. Install the motor and gear in the pre-reserved installation groove below the basement floor slab, and use the gear to vertically install the movable fireproof board;

[0018] S3. Install the outer waterproof layer, install the suction motor at the bottom of the outer waterproof layer, install the water supply pipe above the suction motor, and extend the water supply pipe to the ground to install the water storage tank.

[0019] S4. Install the load-bearing wall inside the outer waterproof layer, and then splice the top plate unit components on the top of the load-bearing wall in sequence. Fix each top plate unit component with bolts and fixing cables to form the basement top plate.

[0020] S5. Install an inner waterproof layer on the inside of the load-bearing walls and the basement roof slab;

[0021] S6. Install vertical fireproof boards and horizontal fireproof boards on the inside of the inner waterproof layer, and install a support frame between the horizontal fireproof board and the inner waterproof layer;

[0022] S7. Install vertical cables, diagonal cables, and load-bearing connectors at the top of the basement roof slab, and install fasteners at the ends of the vertical cables, diagonal cables, and load-bearing connectors that extend above the ground.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the large-span underground load-bearing structure and construction method of this invention can solve the problem of high construction difficulty of the top of large-span basements by combining multiple top plate units. By using bolt holes and bolt connections between adjacent top plate units and by connecting adjacent top plate units with fixed cables, the problem of low strength of the top of large-span basements can be solved. Through the design of vertical cables, diagonal cables, friction between the load-bearing cables and the soil, and fixed anti-buoyancy anchors under the basement floor, the problem of basements being easily affected by groundwater and causing them to float can be solved. At the same time, the rising movable fireproof board can isolate the location of a fire, preventing a fire in a single location from causing a large-scale fire and greater losses. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in its conventional state;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable fireproof board of the present invention when it rises;

[0026] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basement roof slab of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the top plate unit component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fastener, basement roof, vertical cable, and diagonal cable of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable fireproof plate and gears of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a side view of the movable fireproof board of the present invention.

[0031] The components include: 1. Basement roof slab; 101. Roof slab unit; 102. Pull ring; 103. Bolt hole; 2. Load-bearing wall; 31. External waterproof layer; 32. Internal waterproof layer; 4. Basement floor slab; 51. Vertical fireproof board; 52. Horizontal fireproof board; 6. Support frame; 71. Vertical cable; 72. Diagonal cable; 73. Cable pull ring; 8. Fixing component; 81. Load-bearing cable; 9. Suction motor; 10. Water supply pipe; 11. Water storage tank; 12. Movable fireproof board; 121. Rack groove; 122. Gear; 131. Upper fixing plate; 132. Lower fixing plate; 133. Fixing block; 134. Fixing screw; 14. Fixing cable. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" used in the present patent application specification and claims are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Any aspects not detailed in this invention are well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1-7This invention discloses a large-span underground load-bearing structure for a basement, comprising a load-bearing wall 2 and a basement roof slab 1 located on top of the load-bearing wall 2. The basement roof slab 1 comprises multiple roof rings of gradually increasing size that are stacked on top of each other. Each roof ring is composed of multiple fan-shaped roof unit components 101. Each roof unit component 101 is provided with pull rings 102 at both the top and bottom. A fixing cable 14 is provided between adjacent pull rings 102. Bolt holes 103 are correspondingly provided between adjacent stacked roof unit components 101 of the roof rings and they are connected by bolts. A fixing plate is provided at the center of the basement roof slab 1. The fixing plate includes an upper fixing plate 131 and a lower fixing plate 132. The inner sides of each roof unit component 101 of the smallest roof ring are clamped to the upper fixing plate. Bolt holes 103 are provided between the upper fixing plate 131 and the lower fixing plate 132, and the three are connected by bolts. A fixing screw 134 is provided at the top center of the upper fixing plate 131, and a fixing block 133 is provided at the bottom center of the lower fixing plate 132. The upper fixing plate 131, the lower fixing plate 132, and the fixing block 133 are connected by the fixing screw 134. A fixing member 8 is provided on the ground above the basement roof slab 1. A vertical cable 71 and a diagonal cable 72 are provided between the fixing member 8 and the basement roof slab 1. A cable pull ring 73 is also provided at the top of the upper fixing plate 131. The other end of the vertical cable 71 and the diagonal cable 72 are connected to the cable pull ring 73. Multiple load-bearing cables 81 are provided between the fixing member 8 and each of the roof slab rings. An external waterproof layer 31 is provided on the outside of the basement roof slab 1 and the load-bearing wall 2, and an internal waterproof layer 32 is provided on the inside of the basement roof slab 1 and the load-bearing wall 2. A vertical fireproof board 51 is provided on the inner side of the inner waterproof layer 32, and a horizontal fireproof board 52 is provided on top of the vertical fireproof board 51. A support frame 6 is provided between the inner waterproof layer 32 and the horizontal fireproof board 52. A suction motor 9 is provided on the side of the outer waterproof layer 31, and a water supply pipe 10 is provided above the suction motor 9. The water supply pipe 10 extends to the ground and is connected to a water storage tank 11. In this embodiment, the underground load-bearing structure of the large-span basement also includes a basement floor slab 4, and an anti-buoyancy anchor is provided below the basement floor slab 4.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] Based on Embodiment 1, a movable fireproof plate 12 and a motor are installed below the basement floor 4. A rack and pinion groove 121 is provided on the side of the movable fireproof plate 12, and a gear 122 is provided on the output shaft of the motor. The gear 122 engages with the rack and pinion groove 121, and the motor drives the gear 122 to rotate forward or backward, thereby driving the movable fireproof plate 12 to rise or fall through the rack and pinion groove 121. Furthermore, a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor are installed above the basement floor 4. The smoke sensor and temperature sensor are electrically connected to a control system, which is an existing control system that receives signals from each sensor and performs related operations based on the signals.

[0037] Example 3:

[0038] A construction method for a large-span underground load-bearing structure of a basement according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. Level the ground, fix the basement floor 4, install smoke sensors and temperature sensors above the basement floor 4, and reserve an installation groove below the basement floor 4 for installing a motor and a movable fireproof board 12.

[0040] S2. Install the motor and gear 122 in the pre-reserved installation groove below the basement floor 4, and install the movable fireproof plate 12 vertically in conjunction with the gear 122;

[0041] S3. Install the outer waterproof layer 31, install the suction motor 9 at the bottom of the outer waterproof layer 31, install the water supply pipe 10 above the suction motor 9, and extend the water supply pipe 10 to the ground to install the water storage tank 11.

[0042] S4. Install the load-bearing wall 2 inside the outer waterproof layer 31, and splice the top plate unit 101 on the top of the load-bearing wall 2 in sequence. Fix each top plate unit 101 with bolts and fixing cables 14 to form the basement top plate 1.

[0043] S5. Install an inner waterproof layer 32 on the inside of the load-bearing wall 2 and the basement roof slab 1;

[0044] S6. Install vertical fireproof board 51 and horizontal fireproof board 52 on the inner side of the inner waterproof layer 32, and install support frame 6 between the horizontal fireproof board 52 and the inner waterproof layer 32.

[0045] S7. Install vertical cables 71, diagonal cables 72 and load-bearing cables 81 at the top of the basement roof slab 1, and install fasteners 8 at the ends of the vertical cables 71, diagonal cables 72 and load-bearing cables 81 that extend above the ground.

Claims

1. A large span underground parking structure, characterized by: The utility model provides a kind of reinforced concrete basement roof and reinforced wall, including load-bearing wall (2) and set in the basement roof (1) top of the load-bearing wall (2);The basement roof (1) includes multiple gradually increasing size and mutually superimposed roof ring, each roof ring is spliced by multiple fan ring roof unit element (101), and the roof unit element (101) is provided with pull ring (102) upwards and downwards, and fixed cable (14) is provided between adjacent pull ring (102), and the superimposed roof unit element (101) of adjacent roof ring is correspondingly provided with bolt hole (103) and is connected by bolt;The basement roof (1) center is provided with fixed plate, and the fixed plate includes upper fixed plate (131) and lower fixed plate (132), and the inside of each roof unit element (101) of the smallest size roof ring is clamped between the upper fixed plate (131) and lower fixed plate (132), and bolt hole (103) is correspondingly opened in three and is connected by bolt;The upper fixed plate (131) top center is provided with fixed screw (134), and the lower fixed plate (132) bottom center is provided with fixed block (133), and the upper fixed plate (131), lower fixed plate (132) and fixed block (133) are connected by fixed screw (134);The ground above the basement roof (1) is provided with fixed part (8), and vertical cable (71) and inclined cable (72) are provided between the fixed part (8) and the basement roof (1), and the upper fixed plate (131) top is further provided with cable pull ring (73), and one end of the vertical cable (71) and the inclined cable (72) is connected with cable pull ring (73);Fixed part (8) and each roof ring are provided with multiple load bearing cable (81).

2. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the basement roof (1) and the load-bearing wall (2) is provided with an outer waterproof layer (31), and the inner side of the basement roof (1) and the load-bearing wall (2) is provided with an inner waterproof layer (32).

3. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the inner waterproof layer (32) is provided with a vertical fireproof plate (51), and the top of the vertical fireproof plate (51) is provided with a horizontal fireproof plate (52).

4. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support frame (6) is arranged between the inner waterproof layer (32) and the horizontal fireproof plate (52).

5. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer waterproof layer (31) is provided with a suction motor (9) on the side surface, and a water supply pipeline (10) is arranged above the suction motor (9), and the water supply pipeline (10) extends above the ground and is connected with a water storage tank (11).

6. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also includes a basement bottom plate (4), and the basement bottom plate (4) is provided with an anti-floating anchor rod below.

7. A large-span underground parking structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The basement bottom plate (4) is provided with a movable fireproof plate (12) and a motor below, the movable fireproof plate (12) is provided with a rack groove (121) on the side surface, the output shaft of the motor is provided with a gear (122), the gear (122) is matched with the rack groove (121), the motor drives the gear (122) to rotate forward or reversely, and the movable fireproof plate (12) is driven to rise or fall through the rack groove (121).

8. A long-span basement load-bearing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The smoke sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged above the basement floor (4) and are electrically connected with the control system.

9. A method of constructing a long-span basement load-bearing structure according to claim 8, wherein, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Level the ground, fix the basement floor (4), install the smoke sensor and the temperature sensor above the basement floor (4), and reserve installation grooves for installing the motor and the movable fireproof plate (12) below the basement floor (4); S2. Install the motor and the gear (122) in the installation grooves reserved below the basement floor (4), and install the movable fireproof plate (12) vertically in cooperation with the gear (122); S3. Install the outer waterproof layer (31), install the suction motor (9) at the bottom of the outer waterproof layer (31), install the water supply pipeline (10) above the suction motor (9), and extend the water supply pipeline (10) to the water storage tank (11) arranged above the ground; S4. Construct and install the load-bearing wall (2) inside the outer waterproof layer (31), sequentially splice the roof unit elements (101) above the load-bearing wall (2), and fix the roof unit elements (101) by means of the bolts and the fixed cables (14) to form the basement roof (1); S5. Install the inner waterproof layer (32) inside the load-bearing wall (2) and the basement roof (1); S6. Install the vertical fireproof plate (51) and the horizontal fireproof plate (52) inside the inner waterproof layer (32), and install the support frame (6) between the horizontal fireproof plate (52) and the inner waterproof layer (32); S7. Install the vertical cable (71), the oblique cable (72) and the bearing cable (81) at the top end of the basement roof (1), and install the fixing member (8) at the end of the vertical cable (71), the oblique cable (72) and the bearing cable (81) extending above the ground.

Images