Drilling angle determination method for peripheral blast holes of rock shaft

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for determining drilling angles of peripheral blast holes of a rock shaft, relates to the technical field of mines, and aims to improve the progress and safety during construction operation. The method comprises the steps that the drilling angle of a drill rod is determined according to the wall thickness and the broken height of a formwork piece, the preset depth of peripheral blast holes and the preset hole bottom positions of the peripheral blast holes; wherein the formwork piece is embedded in the vertical shaft, the broken height is the distance between the bottom of the formwork piece and the bottom of the rock vertical shaft, the peripheral blast holes are drilled holes constructed in the direction away from the top of the rock vertical shaft from the bottom, and the drilling angle is the inclination angle of a drill rod relative to the axis of the vertical shaft; the hole bottom position of the peripheral blast hole is the distance between the hole bottom of the peripheral blast hole and the wall of the rock vertical shaft; determining a preset drop point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template and the fault height; and according to the preset drop point and the drilling angle, peripheral blast holes are constructed. The method is suitable for the scene of rock vertical shaft tunneling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft mines, and in particular to a method for determining drilling angles of peripheral blastholes of a rock vertical shaft. Background Art

[0002] At present, drilling and blasting is still one of the main methods for rock shaft excavation, accounting for more than 95% of rock shaft and tunnel construction operations. Different from tunnel construction, in order to ensure the safety of construction operations, the vertical shaft wall must be reinforced by mold building during the vertical shaft construction process. The distance from the bottom of the template to the bottom of the shaft is called the fault height. The vertical shaft construction process includes six parts: drilling, charging, blasting, gangue removal, modeling and bottom cleaning. Vertical shaft blastholes usually include three types: slot holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral blastholes. The inclination and depth of peripheral blastholes are related to the quality of the excavation contour. At present, there are two main problems in the construction of peripheral blastholes: (1) Due to the lack of appropriate means to control the inclination angle of the drill rod, the designed inclination angle of the peripheral blasthole cannot be effectively implemented; (2) The inclination angle of the peripheral blasthole is roughly estimated by the operator based on experience, resulting in the distance between the bottom of the blasthole and the vertical line of the well wall being too large or too small, causing over-excavation and under-excavation problems. In addition, the existing auxiliary drill rod inclination angle control device is extremely inconvenient to operate in actual operation due to reasons such as the light at the bottom of the well. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the drilling angles of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft, which can improve the progress and safety of shaft construction operations.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a drilling angle of a peripheral blasthole of a rock shaft, comprising: determining a drilling angle of a drill rod according to a wall thickness of a template member, a height of a broken height, a preset depth of a peripheral blasthole, and a preset bottom position of the peripheral blasthole; wherein the template member is embedded in the rock shaft, the broken height is a distance between a bottom of the template member and a bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blasthole is a drill hole constructed from the bottom of the rock shaft toward a direction away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is an inclination angle of the drill rod relative to an axis of the rock shaft when constructing the peripheral blasthole, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blasthole is a distance between a preset bottom of the peripheral blasthole and a wall of the rock shaft; determining a preset landing point of a drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template member, and the broken height; constructing the peripheral blasthole according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle.

[0005] Optionally, before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the surrounding blast holes, and the preset bottom hole position of the surrounding blast holes, the method also includes: determining the preset bottom hole position of the surrounding blast holes according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, wherein the geological characteristics include at least the rock Proctor coefficient.

[0006] Optionally, the drilling angle is an inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is close to the inner wall of the template to construct the peripheral blasthole; determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blasthole, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blasthole includes: determining the drilling angle of the drill rod to satisfy the following first functional relationship:

[0007] ;

[0008] in, is the drilling angle, is the wall thickness of the template, is the height of the cutoff, is the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, It is the distance between the bottom of the peripheral blasthole and the wall of the rock shaft.

[0009] Optionally, there is a reference distance between the preset landing point and the wall of the rock shaft; and determining the preset landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the height of the broken height comprises: determining the preset landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft to satisfy the following second functional relationship:

[0010] ;

[0011] in, is the reference distance.

[0012] Optionally, the bottom of the peripheral blasthole is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship:

[0013] .

[0014] Optionally, constructing the peripheral blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes: determining the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft according to the preset landing point; placing the drill rod against the inner wall of the template and maintaining the drill rod at the drilling angle; drilling a hole from the landing point position and constructing to the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes.

[0015] Optionally, based on the first functional relationship and the second functional relationship, multiple groups of construction parameters are determined, wherein each group of construction parameters includes the drilling angle, the reference distance, and a preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes; according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, a target parameter group is selected from the multiple groups of construction parameters; and according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, the peripheral blast holes are constructed, including determining the preset landing point and the drilling angle according to the target parameter group, and constructing the peripheral blast holes.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft. The method determines the drilling angle of a drill rod according to the wall thickness of a template, the height of a broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes. Then, the preset landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft is determined. Finally, according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, the peripheral blastholes are constructed. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively control the problem of over-excavation and under-excavation of surrounding rocks generated during the shaft excavation process, shorten the construction operation period, and improve the shaft construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft, which can improve the progress and safety of shaft construction operations.

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft, comprising: S11, including determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template member, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes; wherein the template member is embedded in the rock shaft, the broken height is the distance between the bottom of the template member and the bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blasthole is a drill hole constructed from the bottom of the rock shaft toward the direction away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when constructing the peripheral blasthole, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blasthole is the distance between the preset bottom of the peripheral blasthole and the wall of the rock shaft; S12, determining a preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill pipe at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the height of the broken height; S13. Construct surrounding blast holes according to the preset landing point and drilling angle.

[0024] Among them, the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the surrounding blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the surrounding blastholes all have an impact on the drilling angle. The template is embedded in the rock shaft, which can better make the drill rod fit it. During the drilling process of the blastholes around the shaft, the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the rock axis is the drilling angle during drilling construction. The function of the surrounding blastholes is to control the cross-sectional contour of the shaft to ensure that the cross-sectional size, shape and direction after blasting meet the design requirements; and when the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template and the height of the broken height are confirmed, the preset landing point and drilling angle can be calculated, so that construction operations can be performed on the surrounding blastholes, thereby improving the construction progress.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft. The method determines the drilling angle of a drill rod according to the wall thickness of a template, the height of a broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes. Then, the preset landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft is determined. Finally, according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, construction work is performed on the peripheral blastholes. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively control the problem of over-excavation and under-excavation of surrounding rocks generated during the shaft excavation process, shorten the construction operation period, and improve the shaft construction efficiency.

[0026] In one embodiment, before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the surrounding blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the surrounding blastholes, the method also includes: determining the preset bottom position of the surrounding blastholes according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, wherein the geological characteristics at least include the rock Proctor coefficient; because the higher the Proctor coefficient f of the rock, the higher the hardness of the rock, and the more difficult it is to perform drilling construction, so only oblique drilling and other methods can be adopted to reduce the damage of the overly hard rock to the drilling equipment.

[0027] In one embodiment, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is close to the inner wall of the template to construct the peripheral blastholes; the drilling angle of the drill rod is determined according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes, including: determining the drilling angle of the drill rod to satisfy the following first functional relationship:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, is the drilling angle, is the wall thickness of the template, To cut off the height, is the preset depth of the surrounding blastholes, It is the distance between the bottom of the peripheral blasthole and the wall of the rock shaft;

[0030] So, when calculating When the value of is positive, the bottom of the blasthole is located on the radial inner side of the well wall, where the rock of the vertical shaft is less hard, making it easier to drill holes. When the value is negative, the bottom of the blasthole is located radially outside the well wall, and the rock here is relatively hard, so it is necessary to select oblique drilling according to the actual situation. The selection of the positive and negative value is related to the hardness of the rock. When the hardness of the rock is small, is a positive value. When the rock is hard, It is a negative value; and when the light in the well is poor and the equipment is heavy, it will have a certain impact on the determination of the drilling angle and may cause errors. Therefore, the brightness of the light in the well and the stability of the equipment should be guaranteed as much as possible.

[0031] In one embodiment, there is a reference distance between the preset drop point and the wall of the rock shaft; based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the height of the broken height, determining the preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft includes: determining the preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft to satisfy the following second functional relationship:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, It is a reference distance; it should be understood that determining the preset landing point by reference distance is only one method of determining the preset landing point, and setting the reference distance facilitates measurement and improves work efficiency.

[0034] In addition, when construction workers are performing peripheral blast hole drilling operations, the drill rod body must be close to the inner side of the lower edge of the template. It is easy to know that when the drilling angle is determined, the reference distance is determined accordingly and is unique.

[0035] In one embodiment, the bottom of the peripheral blasthole is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship:

[0036] ;

[0037] Among them, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes coincides with the wall of the rock shaft, and the distance between the bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the wall of the rock shaft is 0. The situation where the third functional relationship is applicable is the situation where the bottom of the blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft after the drilling construction is completed. The programming software can be used to solve the above formula and calculate the value of the drilling angle. The programming software includes MATLAB application software.

[0038] In one embodiment, the peripheral blast holes are constructed according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, including: determining the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft according to the preset landing point; placing the drill rod against the inner wall of the template and maintaining the drill rod at the drilling angle; drilling holes from the landing point position and constructing to the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes; in this way, when the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height and the preset landing point are determined, the landing point of the drill rod drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft can be determined. During the construction operation, after the drill bit landing point is determined, the drill rod body is placed against the inner side of the lower edge of the template. At this time, the drill rod is at a certain angle, which is the drilling angle of the drill bit. Then, a hole is drilled from the landing point position, and drilling construction is performed according to the preset target depth.

[0039] In one embodiment, before constructing peripheral blastholes according to a preset landing point and a drilling angle, the method further includes: determining a plurality of groups of construction parameters based on a first functional relationship and a second functional relationship, wherein each group of construction parameters includes a drilling angle, a reference distance, and a preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes; selecting a target parameter group from the plurality of groups of construction parameters according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft; constructing peripheral blastholes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, including determining a preset landing point and a drilling angle according to the target parameter group, and constructing peripheral blastholes; wherein, since the rock properties in different shafts are different, it is necessary to adjust the bottom landing point of the blasthole according to the different rock properties, and the distance from the bottom landing point of the blasthole to the vertical line of the well wall can be changed by adjusting the size of the drilling angle, and appropriate parameters are selected from the plurality of groups of construction parameters according to the actual situation on site to adjust the bottom landing point of the blasthole, and the corresponding drilling angle and various parameters are determined according to the selected parameters.

[0040] It should be understood that the Proctor coefficient is used to measure the solidity of the rock, and the Proctor coefficient f also plays a role in determining the distance from the bottom of the peripheral blasthole to the well wall; When the rock Proctor coefficient f ranges from 1 to 5, the distance is 0 to 10 mm; When the rock Proctor coefficient f ranges from 6 to 7, the distance is -100 to 0 mm; When the rock Proctor coefficient f ranges from 8 to 10, the distance is -100 to -150 mm; When the rock Proctor coefficient f ranges from 11 to 20, the distance is -150 to -300 mm.

[0041] The above content has described the embodiments of the present invention in detail. Those skilled in the art can design and modify the device and its use within the scope of the present invention according to the on-site construction conditions.

[0042] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0043] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft, characterized in that: include: The drilling angle of the drill rod is determined according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes; wherein the template is embedded in the rock shaft, the broken height is the distance between the bottom of the template and the bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blastholes are drilled from the bottom of the rock shaft toward the direction away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when constructing the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes is the distance between the preset bottom of the peripheral blastholes and the wall of the rock shaft; Determining a preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the break height; The peripheral blast holes are constructed according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle.

2. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blastholes, the method further includes: The preset bottom positions of the peripheral blast holes are determined according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, wherein the geological characteristics at least include the rock Proctor coefficient.

3. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is attached to the inner wall of the template to construct the peripheral blasthole; Determining the drilling angle of the drill rod according to the wall thickness of the template, the height of the broken height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes includes: determining the drilling angle of the drill rod to satisfy the following first functional relationship: ； in, is the drilling angle, is the wall thickness of the template, is the height of the cut-off height, is the preset depth of the peripheral blastholes, It is the distance between the bottom of the peripheral blasthole and the wall of the rock shaft.

4. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: There is a reference distance between the preset landing point and the wall of the rock shaft; The step of determining a preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the height of the broken height includes: determining the preset drop point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft to satisfy the following second functional relationship: ； in, is the reference distance.

5. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the peripheral blasthole is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship: 。 6. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of constructing the peripheral blastholes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes: Determining the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft according to the preset landing point; Placing the drill rod against the inner wall of the template and keeping the drill rod at the drilling angle; A hole is drilled from the landing point and constructed to the preset depth of the surrounding blast holes.

7. The method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blastholes of a rock shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before constructing the peripheral blastholes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle, the method further includes: Based on the first functional relationship and the second functional relationship, a plurality of groups of construction parameters are determined, wherein each group of construction parameters includes the drilling angle, the reference distance, and the preset bottom positions of the surrounding blastholes; selecting a target parameter group from the plurality of groups of construction parameters according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft; The constructing the peripheral blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes determining the preset landing point and the drilling angle according to the target parameter group, and constructing the peripheral blast holes.

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