Electric heater, thermal management system and electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric heater, a thermal management system and an electric vehicle. The electric heater comprises: a cavity; the heating plate comprises a main body panel used for heating and a connector assembly mounting panel used for being connected with a connector assembly, and the main body panel and the connector assembly mounting panel are integrally stamped into an L shape; the closed fluid space is formed by the cavity and the heating plate and is provided with an inlet corresponding to the water inlet pipe and an outlet corresponding to the water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are inserted into the cavity through the inlet and the outlet in the direction parallel to the plane where the main body panel of the heating plate is located; the heating element is arranged on the side, away from the fluid space, of the main body panel of the heating plate and used for heating the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space. The technical problems that an existing electric heater is not compact enough in structure, low in heating efficiency and difficult in connector connection are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric heaters, and in particular to an electric heater, a thermal management system and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in thermal management systems, electric heaters are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. Electric heaters can be divided into die-cast cavity heaters and brazed fin heaters according to their types.

[0003] Die-cast cavity heaters, such as the Chinese patent CN106985633B, use an integrated die-cast structure for the flow channel and connector mounting panel, and the inlet and outlet pipes and connectors can be easily arranged horizontally. However, due to the thick wall of the die-cast water channel, the heater is relatively heavy as a whole. In addition, the surface of the water channel in the cavity is smooth, which cannot generate sufficient turbulence, and the heat exchange efficiency is relatively low.

[0004] To solve the above problems, brazed fin heaters are proposed in the prior art, such as Chinese patent applications CN118408286A and CN116487767A. However, since the brazed fin heater uses a stamped sheet as the heater shell, it is impossible to form a complex multi-cavity structure, so the inlet and outlet pipes can only be arranged vertically (upward or downward), such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. And the connection method of its connector is limited (it can only be plugged in and blindly plugged in during assembly), and the PCBA needs to avoid the inlet and outlet pipes, which limits its wiring space.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the problems of the electric heater having an insufficiently compact structure, low heating efficiency, and difficulty in connecting connectors has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention provide an electric heater, a thermal management system and an electric vehicle to at least solve the technical problems of the existing electric heaters, namely, the structure is not compact enough, the heating efficiency is low and the connector connection is difficult.

[0007] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electric heater, comprising: a heating chamber assembly, wherein the heating chamber assembly comprises: a cavity; a heating plate, the heating plate comprising a main panel for heating and a connector mounting panel for connecting a connector, the main panel and the connector mounting panel being integrally stamped into an L-shape; a closed fluid space formed by the cavity and the heating plate, the fluid space having an inlet corresponding to a water inlet pipe and an outlet corresponding to a water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe being respectively plugged into the cavity through the inlet and the outlet in a direction parallel to the plane of the main panel of the heating plate; a heating element, arranged on a side of the main panel of the heating plate away from the fluid space, for heating a heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space.

[0008] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a thermal management system is provided, comprising the electric heater as described above.

[0009] According to yet another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electric vehicle, comprising the thermal management system as described above, wherein the electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

[0010] The above structure solves the technical problems of the existing electric heater, such as the insufficiently compact structure, low heating efficiency and difficult connection of connectors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0012] Figure 1 is a stereogram of a brazed fin heater according to the prior art;

[0013] Figure 2 is a perspective view of another brazed fin heater according to the prior art;

[0014] Figure 3 is an exploded view of an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a connector installation panel of an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of an electric heater with a heat exchange component partially cut away according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6is a partial structural diagram of an electric heater with an IGBT mounting panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 is a partial structural diagram of an electric heater with an IGBT mounting panel removed according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a flow path of an electric heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fluid channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Fig.10 is a control circuit diagram of a thermal circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0023] 100, heating chamber assembly; 110, chamber; 111, IGBT installation panel; 112-1, first expansion chamber; 112-2, second expansion chamber; 1121, sensor seat; 120, heating plate; 1200, connector installation panel; 1201, installation hole; 1202, installation stud; 1203, reinforcement rib; 1205, reinforcement part; 130, fin plate; 131, water inlet pipe; 1311, overflow port; 132, water outlet pipe; 1321, return port; 140, heat exchange component; 150, heating element; 1503, heating resistor; 155, connector; 200, control component; 201, positive electrode sheet; 202, negative electrode sheet; 211, spring socket; 221, high voltage Plug; 231, low-voltage socket; 310, IGBT component; 311, pin; 320, thermal circuit breaker; 902, low-voltage connector; 903, high-voltage connector; 9031, foolproof part; 910, first mounting nut; 920, second mounting nut; 911, third mounting nut; 60, cavity bottom plate; 70, cavity cover; 901, fourth mounting nut; 1206, transition arc area; 11A, electrode via; 20, integrated electrode; 233, temperature sensor; 90, main power circuit; 92, power control circuit; 94, temperature detection and processing circuit; 96, drive and control circuit; 1312, shunt port; 1322, drainage port; J1, overflow space; J2, return space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The present application embodiment provides an electric heater, such as Figures 3 to 8 As shown, it includes a heating chamber assembly 100, which includes a cavity 110, a heating plate 120, a water inlet pipe 131, a water outlet pipe 132 and a heating element 150. The cavity 110, the heating plate 120, the water inlet pipe 131, and the water outlet pipe 132 are sealed and welded to form a closed fluid space with an inlet and an outlet. The water inlet pipe 131 and the water outlet pipe 132 are arranged in a direction parallel to the extension of the heating element 150. The heating plate 120 is an L-shaped metal sheet stamping structure and is provided with an integrally stamped connector mounting panel 1200 for connecting the connector. Specifically, the heating plate 120 includes a main panel for heating and a connector mounting panel 1200 for connecting the connector, and the main panel and the connector mounting panel 1200 are integrally stamped into an L shape. The heating element 150 is arranged on the side of the heating plate 120 away from the fluid space. This integrated design can effectively reduce the number of parts of the heater, reduce the difficulty of product assembly and increase the reliability of the product.

[0026] The electric heater also includes a cavity bottom plate 60 and a cavity cover plate 70, which are used to cooperate to form a shell to accommodate the heating chamber assembly 100. An airtight compartment (also called an electrical compartment) is formed inside the shell, and the electrical compartment has a waterproof function between the outside world. The closed fluid space inside the heating chamber assembly 100 is also called a circulation chamber, which has watertightness. The electric heater is installed on a vehicle or other equipment through the fourth mounting nut 901.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the structural parts of the entire heater are stamped from aluminum alloy plates. Compared with some heaters that use die-cast aluminum structural parts, aluminum alloy plates have the characteristics of high mechanical strength, few internal defects, and high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the aluminum alloy plate structural parts can be smaller in thickness.

[0028] Since the thickness of the connector mounting panel 1200 can only reach 3 to 4 mm due to the material and stamping process, it is impossible to form a mounting screw hole with an effective thread length on the connector mounting panel 1200, so a plurality of mounting holes 1201 are provided on the connector mounting panel 1200, and a plurality of mounting studs 1202 pass outward and are riveted to the connector mounting panel 1200 and seal the mounting holes 1201. The high-voltage connector 903 and / or the low-voltage connector 902 are mounted and fixed on the connector mounting panel 1200 using mounting nuts such as the first mounting nut 910 and / or the second mounting nut 920. In order to ensure that the heating plate 120 as a whole (i.e., the whole formed by the main panel and the connector installation panel 1200) has sufficient rigidity, reinforcement parts 1205 are provided on both sides of the transition arc area 1206 between the connector installation panel 1200 and the main panel, and reinforcement ribs 1203 are provided at the corresponding installation position of the foolproof part 9031 on the high-voltage connector 903, and the reinforcement ribs 1203 also play a foolproof role for the high-voltage connector 903. In the embodiment of the present application, a connector installation panel 1200 for connecting the connector is integrally provided on the heating plate, which solves the technical problem that it is difficult to install the connector on the heater with a stamped plate structure.

[0029] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the heating chamber assembly 100 also includes a heat exchange component 140, which is disposed in the closed fluid space formed by the cavity 110 and the heating plate 120, and is at least brazed to the heating plate 120 to ensure that the heat generated by the heating element 150 is heat-exchanged with the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the closed fluid space through the heating plate 120 and the heat exchange component 140. The heat exchange component 140 is stamped from a thin aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness ranges from 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The heating plate 120 and the cavity 110 are provided with long strip holes whose projection positions overlap, and the two are brazed and fixedly connected to form an electrode through hole 11A to allow the integrated electrode 20 to pass through the electrode through hole 11A. The heating element 150 includes a heating resistor 1503, and the integrated electrode 20 is provided with a plurality of positive electrode sheets 201 and negative electrode sheets 202. One end of the positive electrode sheet 201 and the negative electrode sheet 202 are electrically connected to the heating resistor 1503 through a connector 155 such as a PAD, and the other end is electrically connected to the control component 200, such as a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA). The positive electrode sheet 201 and the negative electrode sheet 202 are inserted into a spring socket 211 provided on the control component 200 and form an elastic connection.

[0030] An IGBT mounting panel 111 is provided on the cavity 110, and the two are connected by brazing. Several IGBT elements 310 are fastened to the IGBT mounting panel 111 through a third mounting nut 911 or a spring pressure plate (not shown in the figure), and the IGBT element 310 is electrically connected to the control component 200 through the pin 311. This fastening structure reduces the space occupied. At the same time, the heat generated by the IGBT element 310 can be transferred to the cavity 110 and the heat exchange component 140 through the IGBT mounting panel 111 to achieve the heat dissipation of the IGBT element. A high-voltage plug 221 and a low-voltage socket 231 are also provided on the control component 200. The high-voltage plug 221 is electrically connected to the high-voltage connector 903 through a high-voltage cable, and the low-voltage socket 231 is electrically connected to the low-voltage connector 902 through a low-voltage cable.

[0031] The heat exchange component of the present application is also stamped from an aluminum alloy sheet, which provides a larger heat dissipation area while reducing the thickness. In addition, the heat exchange component is a staggered tooth structure, which can provide a strong turbulence effect, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange component, making the entire heater more than 30% lighter than a heater with a die-cast aluminum structure. At the same time, due to the improvement in heat exchange capacity, its power density is also greatly increased by more than 20%.

[0032] like Figure 7 As shown, a first expansion chamber 112-1 is provided near the water inlet pipe, and a second expansion chamber 112-2 is provided near the water outlet pipe. The inner surface of the first expansion chamber 112-1 on the water inlet side and the outer surface of the water inlet pipe 131 form an overflow space J1, and the inner surface of the second expansion chamber 112-2 on the water outlet side and the outer surface of the water outlet pipe 132 form a return space J2. After the heat exchange medium fluid enters from the water inlet pipe 131, part of it overflows from the overflow port 1311, and enters the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140 through the overflow space J1, enters the return space J2 after being heated, and enters the water outlet pipe 132 from the return port 1321.

[0033] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem that the inlet and outlet water pipes are difficult to arrange horizontally by setting the expansion chamber, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly and improving the assembly efficiency.

[0034] The flow path of the fluid utilizes part of the heat exchange medium fluid to exchange heat with the cavity 110, so that the temperature of the outer wall of the expansion cavity reaches equilibrium with the temperature of the heat exchange medium fluid. A sensor seat 1121 is provided on the outer wall of the expansion cavity above the overflow port 1311. The sensor seat 1121 includes a first sensor seat corresponding to the water inlet pipe and a second sensor seat corresponding to the water outlet pipe. The sensor seat 1121 is recessed into the interior of the expansion cavity to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange medium fluid passing through the overflow space J1 and / or the reflux space J2, thereby reaching thermal equilibrium with the fluid medium more quickly. A temperature sensor 233 is provided on the side of the control component 200 close to the cavity. The temperature sensor 233 is connected through Figure 8 The heat-conducting medium shown in the middle blue part, such as thermal grease, forms a thermal bridge with the sensor seat 1121. The expansion cavity and the sensor seat 1121 are symmetrically arranged about the middle surface of the cavity 110. The sensor seat 1121 is coaxially arranged with the overflow port 1311 and / or the return port 1321. The temperature sensor 233 is an NTC resistor in the form of an SMD surface mount device. The embodiment of the present application combines the diversion design of the inlet and outlet pipes, and on the premise of achieving good diversion, provides a suitable thermal balance environment for the temperature sensor of the inlet and outlet, thereby ensuring the temperature acquisition accuracy of the inlet and outlet.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, part of the heat exchange medium fluid entering from the water inlet pipe 131 overflows from the overflow port 1311 to the overflow space J1, part enters the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140 from the diversion port of the water inlet pipe 131, and part keeps flowing radially along the water inlet direction. Through this structure, a relatively uniform flow distribution along the water inlet direction can be achieved, and it is also beneficial for the temperature sensor 233 to accurately collect the fluid medium temperature at the water inlet. Similarly, the temperature sensor can also accurately collect the fluid medium temperature at the water inlet and outlet.

[0036] like Fig. 9 As shown, a semi-circular fluid space is formed between the outer wall of the water inlet pipe 131 and the inner wall of the first expansion chamber 112-1. The space is divided into two opposite spaces along its circumference with the overflow port 1311 as the center, which are defined as a first arc space and a second arc space. The first arc space is the overflow space J1 (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 The first arc-shaped space is located on the side close to the outlet pipe 132; the second arc-shaped space is located on the side close to the outer edge of the cavity. Similarly, an approximately semi-circular fluid space is formed between the outer wall of the outlet pipe 132 and the inner wall of the second expansion chamber 112-2. The space is divided into two opposite spaces along its circumference with the drainage port 1321 as the center, which are defined as the third arc-shaped space and the fourth arc-shaped space. The third arc-shaped space is the reflux space J2 (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9The flow channel space indicated by the yellow arrow on the left is located on the side close to the water inlet pipe 131; the fourth arc-shaped space is located on the side close to the outer edge of the cavity.

[0037] The specific flow path of the heat exchange fluid medium in the heater chamber will be described in detail below. The flow path of the heat exchange fluid medium in the heater chamber is described in detail in the patent application with publication number CN118998987A of the applicant. For ease of understanding, the entire content is incorporated by reference in this application and is deemed to be a part of this application.

[0038] The difference between the fluid channel of the embodiment of the present application and that of CN118998987A is that at least a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel are formed in the fluid space of the electric heater of the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] like Fig. 9 As shown, the first fluid channel at least includes: a flow channel formed by the diversion port 1312 of the water inlet pipe 131, the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140, and the flow channel formed by the flow port 1322 of the water outlet pipe 132 (ie Fig. 9 The second fluid channel at least includes: the overflow port 1311 of the water inlet pipe 131, the overflow space J1, the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140, the reflux space J2 near the reflux port 1321 of the water outlet pipe 132, and the flow channel formed by the reflux port 1321 (i.e. Fig. 9 The yellow and orange arrows in the figure indicate the flow paths).

[0040] The flow direction of the fluid in the electric heater is as follows Fig. 9 As shown: the heat exchange medium fluid flows in from the water inlet pipe 131, a part of the heat exchange medium fluid flows out from the diversion port 1312 of the water inlet pipe 131, directly enters the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140, and the other part of the heat exchange medium fluid overflows from the overflow port 1311, enters the overflow space J1, and also flows to the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140. The heat exchange medium fluid entering the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component 140 undergoes a heat exchange process in the heat exchange component 140. After the heat exchange, a part of the heat exchange medium fluid enters the water outlet pipe 132 from the reflux port 1321 of the water outlet pipe 132 through the reflux space J2, and the other part enters the water outlet pipe 132 from the inlet port 1322 of the water outlet pipe 132, and finally flows out of the electric heater.

[0041] By providing a separate reflux port / drainage port (i.e., the first fluid channel) in the water inlet pipe and / or the water outlet pipe, the flow distribution of the fluid can be flexibly achieved. For example, the flow of each flow channel can be evenly or unevenly distributed, so that the shape and layout of the heating element can be well matched. For another example, more flow can be allocated to the local position where the power of the heating element is relatively large, so that the temperature of each part of the heating element is more balanced, the thermal stress of the heating element is reduced, and the service life of the heating element and the heater is extended. In addition, by providing a separate overflow port / reflux port (i.e., the second fluid channel) in the water inlet pipe and / or the water outlet pipe, a certain medium flow rate can be provided for the inlet and outlet temperature sensor seats to ensure that the temperature sensor seat can quickly reach thermal equilibrium with the fluid medium, so as to accurately collect the inlet and outlet fluid medium temperature. Usually, the flow rate of the first fluid channel will be much greater than the flow rate of the second fluid channel.

[0042] The heater of the present application is also provided with a thermal circuit breaker 320, which is closely attached to the outer surface of the cavity 110 and is electrically connected to the control component 200. In the circuit, it is connected to the high-voltage power supply VIN and the high-side IGBT. When the temperature of the heating element 150 rises abnormally and / or the flow rate of the heat exchange medium fluid is abnormally lower than the rated value, the heat is transferred through the thermal bridge formed by the heater, that is, the heat is transferred from the heating element 150 to the heating plate 120, the heat exchange component 140 and the cavity 110 in sequence. The thermal circuit breaker 320 opens when the temperature of the cavity 110 rises to a preset value T1, and / or opens when the temperature rise slope is higher than a preset value K1, thereby protecting the heater from thermal runaway and damage. The control circuit of the thermal circuit breaker is as follows Fig.10 shown.

[0043] The present application innovatively adopts a thermal circuit breaker, which provides redundant overheating protection measures in addition to software and hardware anti-dry-burning measures, thereby improving the reliability of the heater.

[0044] The embodiment of the present application also provides a thermal management system, including the electric heater as described above, which will not be described in detail here.

[0045] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electric vehicle, comprising the thermal management system as described above, wherein the electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

[0046] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electric heater, characterized in that: include: A heating chamber assembly (100), wherein the heating chamber assembly (100) comprises: A cavity (110); A heating plate (120), the heating plate (120) comprising a main body panel for heating and a connector installation panel (1200) for connecting a connector, the main body panel and the connector installation panel (1200) being integrally stamped into an L-shape; A closed fluid space formed by the cavity (110) and the heating plate (120), the fluid space having an inlet corresponding to the water inlet pipe (131) and an outlet corresponding to the water outlet pipe (132); The water inlet pipe (131) and the water outlet pipe (132) are respectively inserted into the cavity (110) through the inlet and the outlet along a direction parallel to the plane where the main panel of the heating plate (120) is located; A heating element (150) is arranged on a side of the main panel of the heating plate (120) away from the fluid space, and is used to heat the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space.

2. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector installation panel (1200) is provided with: At least one mounting hole (1201); At least one mounting stud (1202), the at least one mounting stud (1202) passing outward through a corresponding mounting hole (1201) on the connector mounting panel (1200), and connected to the connector mounting panel (1200) by riveting and sealing the corresponding mounting hole (1201); the at least one mounting stud (1202) is used to fix the connector on the connector mounting panel (1200) by means of a mounting nut, wherein the connector comprises at least one of the following: a high-voltage connector (903) and a low-voltage connector (902).

3. The electric heater according to claim 2, characterized in that: Reinforcement parts (1205) are respectively provided on both sides of the transition arc area (1206) between the connector installation panel (1200) and the main body panel, and the reinforcement parts (1205) are used to increase the rigidity of the heating plate (120); A reinforcing rib (1203) is provided on the connector installation panel (1200) corresponding to the installation position of the high-voltage connector (903); the reinforcing rib (1203) is used in conjunction with an anti-mistake piece (9031) on the high-voltage connector (903) to prevent the high-voltage connector (903) from being incorrectly installed.

4. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating chamber assembly (100) further comprises: a heat exchange component (140), wherein the heat exchange component (140) is disposed in the fluid space and is fixedly connected to at least the heating plate (120), so that the heat generated by the heating element (150) is heat-exchanged with the heat exchange medium fluid flowing through the fluid space through the heating plate (120) and the heat exchange component (140).

5. The electric heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heater also includes: The integrated electrode (20) comprises a plurality of positive electrode sheets (201) and negative electrode sheets (202), wherein one end of each positive electrode sheet (201) and each negative electrode sheet (202) is electrically connected to the heating resistor (1503) of the heating element (150) through a connector (155), and the other end is electrically connected to the control component (200).

6. The electric heater according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first expansion chamber is provided near the inlet, and a second expansion chamber is provided near the outlet, wherein: The water inlet pipe (131) is inserted into the first expansion chamber via the inlet, and at least one overflow port (1311) is provided on a pipe wall of the water inlet pipe (131) located in the first expansion chamber; The water outlet pipe (132) is inserted into the second expansion chamber via the outlet, and at least one reflux port (1321) is provided on a pipe wall of the water outlet pipe (132) located in the second expansion chamber; An overflow space (J1) is formed between the inner surface of the first expansion chamber and the outer surface of the water inlet pipe (131), and a reflux space (J2) is formed between the inner surface of the second expansion chamber (112) and the outer surface of the water outlet pipe (132); in, After the heat exchange medium fluid enters the fluid space via the water inlet pipe (131), part of the fluid in the heat exchange medium fluid overflows from the overflow port (1311) on the water inlet pipe (131), and enters the internal flow channel of the heat exchange component (140) via the overflow space (J1), enters the return space (J2) after being heated in the internal flow channel, and enters the water outlet pipe (132) from the return port (1321) on the water outlet pipe (132).

7. The electric heater according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first sensor seat is provided on the outer wall of the first expansion chamber above the overflow port (1311), and the first sensor seat is recessed toward the inside of the first expansion chamber; A second sensor seat is provided on the outer wall of the second expansion chamber above the reflux port (1321), and the second sensor seat is recessed toward the inside of the second expansion chamber; The corresponding recesses of the first sensor seat and the second sensor seat are respectively used to accommodate probes of corresponding temperature sensors (233), wherein the temperature sensor (233) is arranged on the control component (200) or the cavity (110) and forms a thermal bridge with the corresponding sensor seat through a heat-conducting medium.

8. The electric heater according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first expansion chamber and the first sensor seat are symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle surface of the cavity (110), and the first sensor seat and the overflow port (1311) are coaxially arranged; The second expansion chamber and the second sensor seat are symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle surface of the cavity (110), and the second sensor seat is coaxially arranged with the return port (1321).

9. The electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The cavity (1) is formed by stamping and is integrally welded to the water inlet pipe (131), the water outlet pipe (132), and the heating plate.

10. A thermal management system, characterized in that: The thermal management system comprises the electric heater according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The electric vehicle comprises the thermal management system according to claim 10, wherein the electric vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

Images