Heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials. The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchange tank. The heat exchange tank is provided with a working medium inlet, a working medium outlet, a material inlet and a material outlet; a material moving mechanism is arranged in the heat exchange tank and used for moving the solid heat storage materials in the heat exchange tank from a material inlet to a material outlet of the heat exchange tank. The using method comprises the steps that the solid heat storage material enters the heat exchange tank to exchange heat with a working medium; the solid heat storage material moves for a set distance in the heat exchange tank; the solid heat storage material stops moving in the heat exchange tank for a set time; and the solid heat storage material is moved out of the heat exchange tank. The material moving mechanism in the heat exchange tank has the function of moving the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank along the paths of the material inlet and the material outlet, so that accurate temperature matching between a working medium and the solid heat storage material is realized, a small heat exchange temperature difference is realized, high # imgabs0 # efficiency in the heat exchange process is realized, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, high heat exchange efficiency and low cost are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, refrigerators and heat pumps, and in particular to a heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Heat storage is often required in air conditioning, compressed air energy storage, heat pump energy storage, waste heat recovery and other systems. Heat storage can improve the operating efficiency of these systems or reduce the operating costs of these systems, thus having broad market application value.

[0003] Common heat storage methods include phase change heat storage and sensible heat storage. Phase change heat storage uses the heat absorption or release during the phase change of the material to store heat. Common ones include ice storage and molten salt storage. Sensible heat storage uses the sensible heat absorption or release of materials to store heat, such as hot water, thermal oil and heat-resistant bricks. For heat storage needs that require precise temperature matching between the heat storage medium and the working fluid, liquid sensible heat storage can easily achieve liquid slip heat absorption or release due to the good fluidity of the liquid, thereby achieving precise temperature matching between the liquid and the heat exchange working fluid; for solid sensible heat storage, solid heat storage is usually fixed at present, which makes it difficult for solid heat storage to achieve slip heat absorption or release, making it impossible to achieve precise temperature matching between the solid and the heat exchange working fluid, and a large heat exchange temperature difference is generated. These irreversible heat exchange losses reduce the efficiency of thermal energy utilization. efficiency, which in turn results in more power being consumed by the air conditioning and heat pump systems or less power being output by the engine system.

[0004] Although liquid heat storage has the above advantages, its cost is high. For example, water-based heat storage has a high pressure when storing high-temperature heat because the pressure is affected by temperature. Therefore, the shell needs to withstand very high pressure, resulting in a very high shell cost. When storing low-temperature heat, a large amount of antifreeze needs to be added to avoid solidification, which is also very expensive. Based on thermal oil, the heat storage cost is very high due to its high unit price, and the liquid has a low density, resulting in a large footprint. Based on solid heat storage, since these heat storage media can come from nature such as sand or smelting metal waste, they have high density, and solid heat storage can store heat at atmospheric pressure, which has the advantage of low cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method which is beneficial to reducing the heat exchange temperature difference and improving the higher The invention can improve the efficiency and realize the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials with high heat exchange efficiency and low cost.

[0006] The present invention further provides a method for using the above-mentioned heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials.

[0007] A heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials.

[0008] It includes a heat exchange tank used for heat exchange between temperature-stratified solid heat storage materials and working fluids;

[0009] The heat exchange tank has ≥1 working fluid inlet, ≥1 working fluid outlet, ≥1 material inlet and ≥1 material outlet;

[0010] The heat exchange tank is provided with a material moving mechanism, and the material moving mechanism is used to move the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank along a path from the material inlet to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank.

[0011] A method for using the above-mentioned heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials,

[0012] Step 1: Solid heat storage material enters the heat exchange tank to exchange heat with the working fluid;

[0013] Step 2: The solid heat storage material moves a set distance in the heat exchange tank;

[0014] Step 3: The solid heat storage material stops moving in the heat exchange tank for a set time;

[0015] Step 4: The solid heat storage material is removed from the heat exchange tank;

[0016] In the process of the solid heat storage material moving from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank, the above second step and third step are repeated ≥ 2 times.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] The heat exchange tank of the present invention is provided with a material moving mechanism, which has the function of moving the solid heat storage material along the material inlet and material outlet paths in the heat exchange tank, thereby achieving accurate temperature matching between the working fluid and the solid heat storage material, achieving a smaller heat exchange temperature difference, and thus achieving a higher heat exchange process. Efficiency, while achieving high heat exchange efficiency and low cost.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1a It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1b It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat storage tank in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1c It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange tank in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material box in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange tank with a material box recovery space in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of different embodiments of the material moving mechanism of the first part of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second part of the material moving mechanism in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material moving mechanism of the third part in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the material moving mechanism of the fourth part in the present invention.

[0029] The numbers in the figure represent: 1. heat storage tank; 101. first material inlet and outlet; 102. second material inlet and outlet; 1001. first heat storage tank; 1002. second heat storage tank; 2. heat exchange tank; 201. working fluid inlet; 202. working fluid outlet; 203. material inlet; 204. material outlet; 205. material moving mechanism; 2051. roller; 2052. gear; 2053. chain; 2054. bracket; 2056. driving member; 2057. force member; 2058. movable plate; 2059. closed cavity; 206. heat exchange space; 207. material box recovery space; 3. material box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] The inventors of the present application have found that: the working fluid absorbs or releases heat due to large temperature glide, and for solid heat storage materials, it is necessary to perform temperature stratified heat exchange of the solid heat storage materials. Taking the heat exchange of high-temperature solid heat storage materials as an example, the temperature of the solid heat storage material before heat exchange is Ts0, and the temperature of the working fluid before heat exchange is Tf0. Assuming that there are two layers of temperature-stratified solid heat storage materials in the heat exchange tank 2, the working fluid is heated to Tf1 after passing through the first layer of solid heat storage material, and is heated to Tf2 after passing through the second layer of solid heat storage material. Then, for the solid heat storage material, within the time period t1, the temperature of the first layer of solid heat storage material after heat exchange gradually approaches Ts2 of Tf0, and the temperature of the second layer of solid heat storage material after heat exchange is Ts0. The temperature gradually approaches Ts1 of Tf1. At this time, the first layer of solid heat storage material with a temperature of Ts2 is removed as a whole, and the second layer of solid heat storage material is moved as a whole to the position of the first layer of solid heat storage material. The solid heat storage material that has not been heat-exchanged is moved from the heat storage tank to replace the original first layer of solid heat storage material. Through the above method, when the number of layers is large enough, the solid heat storage material can be layered for heat exchange, so that the temperature between the solid heat storage material and the working fluid can be accurately matched, and the heat storage area and the heat exchange area are separated by the heat storage tank 1 and the heat exchange tank, avoiding the working fluid from entering the heat storage area to cause uncontrolled heat exchange, and finally achieving very low irreversible heat exchange losses. The working fluid for heat exchange with the solid heat storage material can be liquid or gas. Since the liquid has a higher density and thermal conductivity at normal pressure, it can reduce the strength requirements of the heat exchange tank shell, and the flow path of the liquid working fluid is easy to control. Preferably, the working fluid for heat exchange with the solid heat storage material is heat transfer oil. In addition, in order to realize stratified heat exchange of solid heat storage materials, a material moving mechanism is also required to realize the overall movement of temperature-stratified solid heat storage materials, so as to avoid irreversible heat exchange losses caused by mixing between solid heat storage materials in different temperature layers during the process of entering and removing the solid heat storage materials.

[0033] A heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials comprises a heat storage tank 1 for storing solid heat storage materials and a heat exchange tank 2 for heat exchange between temperature-stratified solid heat storage materials and working fluids, wherein the material inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank are at least connected to the material inlet or material outlet of the heat exchange tank. Figure 1a A heat exchange system consisting of a heat exchange tank 2 and two heat storage tanks 1 is shown. After the solid heat storage material flows out of the first heat storage tank 1001, it exchanges heat in the heat exchange tank 2. After the heat exchange is completed, the solid heat storage material flows into the second heat storage tank 1002. The heat storage tank has ≥1 material inlet and outlet, preferably, ≥2 material inlet and outlet, one for material inlet and one for material outlet. Figure 1b A heat storage tank with ≥2 material inlets and outlets (101 and 102) is shown. The heat exchange tank 2 has ≥1 working fluid inlet 201 and ≥1 working fluid outlet 202, and the heat exchange tank also has ≥1 material inlet 203 and ≥1 material outlet 204, such as Figure 1cAs shown. Except for the initial moment, the solid heat storage material is distributed in temperature layers in the heat exchange tank on the path from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet. The heat exchange tank 2 also has a material moving mechanism, which has the function of moving the temperature-layered solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank as a whole from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet path. The path of the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet includes any of the following paths and combinations of paths: the movement path of the solid heat storage material from the outside of the heat exchange tank through the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the inside of the heat exchange tank, the movement path of the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank, and the movement path of the solid heat storage material from the inside of the heat exchange tank through the material outlet of the heat exchange tank to the outside of the heat exchange tank.

[0034] Solid heat storage materials include any one of bulk particles and heat storage units. The heat storage unit can be a shaped solid with pores for the flow of working fluid (such as a shaped solid with a foam structure), a granulator composed of bulk particles and a container, etc., wherein: the bulk particle diameter is ≤50mm; at least one of the length, width and height dimensions of the heat storage unit is greater than 50mm. Since SiO2 and metal oxides are easily obtained from nature, are cheap, and have large density and heat capacity, pores are opened on the top and bottom surfaces of the granulator container. Solid heat storage materials include SiO2, metal oxides and mixtures thereof, wherein metal oxides include metal oxides such as iron, aluminum, copper, calcium, and sodium, and the melting temperature of solid heat storage materials is greater than 200°C. The bulk particle diameter cannot be too large. A larger bulk particle diameter will result in a larger heat exchange hydrothermal diameter when the working fluid exchanges heat with the bulk particles, resulting in poor heat exchange performance.

[0035] When bulk particles move in the heat exchange tank, high-temperature particles and low-temperature particles are easily mixed, resulting in the inability to achieve overall temperature stratified heat exchange. Therefore, in order to achieve temperature stratified heat exchange, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials also includes a material box with a solid heat storage material inlet. The material box is provided with pores, and the solid heat storage material enters the material box from the solid heat storage material inlet of the material box. After the solid heat storage material enters the material box, the solid heat storage material inlet can also be closed. Preferably, the material box includes a bottom plate and baffles arranged around the bottom plate, the solid heat storage material inlet is the entire top surface of the material box, and the bottom plate of the material box has pores. Preferably, in order to easily release the solid heat storage material in the material box, such as Figure 2As shown, the material box is composed of a bottom plate and N (0≤N≤3) baffles arranged around the bottom plate. The missing baffles on the bottom plate can form gaps or fit tightly with the heat exchange tank or the material moving mechanism to prevent the material from falling from the missing baffle gaps in the material box during the movement of the material box. When the heat exchange of the material box is completed, the material in the material box can be released through the missing baffles on the bottom plate, which can reduce the need to configure a material box release mechanism. When the bulk particles flow out of the heat storage tank, they enter the material box from the solid heat storage material inlet of the material box. Therefore, when the material box is located in the heat exchange tank, the working fluid can pass through the pores on the material box and exchange heat with the bulk particles inside the material box. Since the bulk particles are separated by the material box, it is easy to achieve stratification of the bulk particle material, which is beneficial to the overall movement of the material in the heat exchange tank, and it is also easy to achieve the overall entry and removal of the bulk particle material into the heat exchange tank and out of the heat exchange tank at a certain temperature. In particular, it can avoid the problem of heat exchange loss caused by mixing with other materials during the removal of the bulk particle material from the heat exchange tank, thereby achieving stratified heat exchange of the bulk particle solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank. In addition, when the size of the heat storage unit is small, the material box can also be used to achieve temperature stratified heat exchange. In order to achieve uninterrupted heat exchange, the material box has one or more of the following characteristics: the bottom plate pore diameter is less than the heat storage particle diameter, ensuring that the material will not pass through the bottom plate pores, the bottom plate porosity is ≥0.1, and the surface porosity is ≥0.1, ensuring that there are sufficient channels on the bottom plate for the heat exchange medium to pass through, thereby avoiding blocking the heat exchange and reducing flow resistance losses. Preferably, the surface porosity is ≥0.5.

[0036] Under the action of the material moving mechanism, the material box moves in the heat exchange tank along the path from the material inlet to the material outlet. Solid heat storage materials can enter the heat exchange tank from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank, and then flow into the material box. After the heat exchange is completed, the material box releases the bulk particles and returns to the initial position. The release of the solid heat storage material in the material box and the restoration of the position of the material box can be within the heat exchange space of the heat exchange tank 2, or a space can be allocated in the heat exchange tank 2 for the release of the solid heat storage material in the material box and the restoration of the position of the material box. Preferably, a space is allocated in the heat exchange tank 2 for the release of the solid heat storage material in the material box and the restoration of the position of the material box, and the space is separated from the heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange tank 2, such as Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange tank 2 is divided into a heat exchange space 206 and a material box recovery space 207 for releasing the solid heat storage material in the material box and restoring the position of the material box, and a partition is provided between the two spaces.

[0037] The heat storage unit or the material box is provided with a positioning structure that cooperates with the material moving mechanism. The positioning structure may be, for example, a groove. Figure 2 As shown, the groove on the side of the material box can be specifically U-shaped, step-shaped or hole-shaped, etc. The material moving mechanism can be inserted into the groove to achieve docking with the heat storage unit or the material box, thereby moving the heat storage unit or the material box.

[0038] The material moving mechanism includes any one of a material moving mechanism driven by friction, a material moving mechanism driven by tooth meshing, a material moving mechanism driven by a driving member, a material moving mechanism driven by electromagnetic force, a material moving mechanism driven by gravity, and a combination of ≥ 2 of the above different driving mechanisms.

[0039] Figure 4 a shows a material moving mechanism that drives material movement based on friction, including two rollers 2051. The height of the two rollers is flush with the outlet or higher than the material outlet. When the heat storage unit or the material box falls on the rollers, the rollers are driven to roll, and the heat storage unit or the material box is moved under the action of friction. Figure 4 b shows another material moving mechanism driven by friction to move materials, including a chain 2053. When the heat storage unit or the material box falls on the chain, the gear 2052 drives the chain to move, and the heat storage unit or the material box is moved under the action of friction. Preferably, the material moving mechanism driven by friction to move materials is used to move materials in a horizontal direction or in a direction inclined at an angle of less than 60° to the horizontal direction. Figure 4 c shows a material moving mechanism based on tooth meshing to drive material movement, including a chain and a gear, the chain 2053 meshes with the gear 2052, the chain has a bracket 2054 in contact with the solid heat storage material, the heat storage unit or the material box is located on the bracket, the bracket 2054 can drive the material to move when the driving chain 2053 moves, the heat storage unit or the material box is located on the bracket under the action of gravity when the chain moves, and the movement of the chain driving the heat storage unit or the material box to move should be regarded as the bracket being able to drive the material to move. The material moving mechanism based on electromagnetic force to drive material movement includes an electromagnetic force device, the heat storage unit or the material box has a metal frame or the material is an iron-containing material, and is driven by the electromagnetic force under the action of the electromagnetic force to move the heat storage unit or the material box. The material moving mechanism based on gravity-driven material movement includes ≥10 material boxes, which are located in the heat exchange tank and divide the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank into ≥10 material piles. The ≥10 material boxes and the solid heat storage materials therein move downward as a whole under the action of gravity. The number of material boxes is ≥10 in order to reduce the mixing of the upper materials during the removal of the bottom material box.

[0040] The material moving mechanism based on the driving member driving the material movement includes a driving member, which may be a rigid rod or a rigid plate or a flexible rope or a mechanical arm. The driving member has a displacement function and / or a force-applying member on the driving member has a displacement function. Preferably, the driving member is a rigid rod or a rigid plate. Furthermore, the number of driving members in the heat exchange tank is ≥2, and the number of force-applying members is ≥2, and the driving members are symmetrically arranged in the heat exchange tank. The movement of the driving member and the force-applying member can be achieved by a motor or other mechanical structure. In addition, the two symmetrically arranged driving members in the heat exchange tank can be regarded as one driving member, and the driving members are connected into one body with a rod or a plate at their ends. Therefore, the synchronous movement of the two symmetrically arranged driving members can be achieved under the drive of a motor or other mechanical structure. Figure 4 As shown in d, the material box 3 is located on the driving member 2055, and the material box can move horizontally on the driving member. By moving the material boxes 3 on the driving member in sequence, when the material box 3 of the bottom layer is pulled out, the material in the material box 3 flows out through the outlet, and then the material box 3 is inserted back, and the material box 3 of the second layer is pulled out, and the material in the second layer of the material box 3 falls on the material box of the bottom layer, in sequence, so that each layer falls downward in an orderly manner, thereby realizing overall temperature stratified heat exchange.

[0041] Figure 5 a and Figure 5 b shows a material moving mechanism based on a driving member driving the material to move, including a driving member 2056 and a force member 2057. The driving member and the force member are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the heat exchange tank. Figure 5 c- Figure 5 g shows the material moving function of the material moving mechanism. Figure 5 c The force applying member 2057 is not inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box. Figure 5 d. The force applying member 2057 is inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box. Figure 5 In e, the driving member 2056 moves the force applying member 2057 upward for a certain distance, but the bottom heat storage unit or material box is not separated from the heat storage unit or material box above it. Figure 5 In step f, the driving member 2056 moves the force applying member 2057 upward for a certain distance and separates the bottom heat storage unit or material box from the heat storage unit or material box above it. Figure 5 The bottom heat storage unit or material box in g is moved out of the heat exchange tank by the movement of other material moving mechanisms or by gravity. Figure 5 In h, the driving member 2056 moves the force applying member 2057 downward for a certain distance. Figure 5 The new heat storage unit or material box in i is moved into the heat exchange tank by the movement of other material moving mechanisms or by gravity and falls on the top heat storage unit or material box. Figure 5All the heat storage units or material boxes in j move downward under the movement of the driving member 2056 and let the bottom heat storage unit or material box fall onto the bracket, and then the force member 2057 exits the groove. Therefore, in this embodiment, the force member has a displacement function on the driving member to achieve a movement in the x direction. The force member has the function of opening or unloading to push the material to move by moving on the driving member, and then the driving member 2056 drives the force member 2057 to achieve a movement in the y direction and move the solid heat storage material.

[0042] Figure 6 FIG. 1 shows another material moving mechanism based on a driving member driving the material movement, including a driving member 2056 having ribs (see FIG. Figure 6 b), Figure 6 c- Figure 6 m shows the material moving function of the material moving mechanism. Figure 6 c The driving member 2056 is not inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box. Figure 6 In d, the driving member 2056 moves a certain distance in the x direction, i.e., the horizontal direction, and is inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box. Figure 6 The driving member 2056 in e moves upward in the y direction for a certain distance, but allows the bottom heat storage unit or material box to be separated from the heat storage unit or material box above it. Figure 6 The bottom heat storage unit or material box in f is moved out of the heat exchange tank by the movement of other material moving mechanisms or by gravity. Figure 6 In g, the heat storage unit or material box is driven downward by the movement of the driving member 2056 to allow the bottom heat storage unit or material box to fall on the support. Figure 6 h, the driving member 2056 moves horizontally for a certain distance and exits the groove inserted into the heat storage unit or the material box. Figure 6 i The driving member 2056 moves upward for a distance but does not drive the heat storage unit or the material box to move, and the driving member 2056 moves upward for a distance and is inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box again, and the material inlet of the heat exchange tank begins to prepare to move new materials. Figure 6 The driving member 2056 in k moves upward for a distance and drives the heat storage unit or the material box to move upward for a distance. At this time, the new heat storage unit or the material box slowly moves into the heat exchange tank. Figure 6The driving member 2056 in m moves downward with the heat storage unit or material box thereon and falls on the heat storage unit or material box at the bottom layer. Therefore, in this embodiment, the driving member has the function of moving in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, that is, the driving member has the function of moving in both the x direction and the y direction, and the x direction is not parallel to the y direction. Furthermore, the heat exchange tank 2 also has a movable plate 2058, and the movable plate 2058, the driving member 2506 and the heat exchange tank 2 form a closed cavity 2059, thereby preventing the gas working medium from flowing directly into the outlet of the heat exchange tank 2 from the upper end through the gap between the driving member 2056 and the heat exchange tank 2.

[0043] Figure 7 a shows another material moving mechanism based on a driving member driving the material movement, including a driving member 2056, the driving member 2056 can rotate, the driving member has a bracket, two driving members are symmetrically arranged in the heat exchange tank 2, the heat storage unit or the material box has a step in the axial direction, when the heat storage unit or the material box is moved into the heat exchange tank, when it is ready to move out of the bottom heat storage unit or the material box, Figure 7 b) The driving member 2056 rotates, and the bracket on the driving member 2056 also rotates; Figure 7 c The driving member 2056 moves upward as a whole for a certain distance, and under the action of the bracket, the bottom heat storage unit or material box is separated from the heat storage unit or material box above it; Figure 7 d. The heat storage unit or material box at the bottom layer is moved out under the action of gravity or other material moving mechanisms; Figure 7 e) The driving member 2056 moves downward for a distance as a whole, and the remaining heat storage units or material boxes also move downward for a distance; Figure 7 The new heat storage unit or material box in f is moved into the heat exchange tank 2; Figure 7 g) Rotate the driving member 2056 to disengage the upper bracket of the driving member from the heat storage unit or the material box; Figure 7 In h, the driving member 2056 moves upward for a distance as a whole. In this case, it still meets the requirement that the driving member has the function of moving in both the x direction and the y direction, and the x direction is not parallel to the y direction.

[0044] There may be three moving directions of the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank from the material inlet to the material outlet. The first moving direction is used to move the material into the heat exchange tank through the material inlet of the heat exchange tank along the x direction, the second moving direction is used to move the material in the heat exchange tank along the y direction, and the third moving direction is used to move the material out of the heat exchange tank through the material outlet of the heat exchange tank along the z direction. The x, y, and z directions can be 1 independent direction, 2 independent directions, and 3 independent directions, preferably, ≥ 2 independent directions. Therefore, the material moving mechanism also includes a combination of the above ≥ 2 different driving mechanisms, one of which is responsible for the movement of the material in the x direction, and the other is responsible for the movement of the material in the y direction, and the x direction is not parallel to the y direction. For example: adopt a material moving mechanism based on tooth meshing to drive material movement, or a material moving mechanism based on a driving member to drive material movement, or a material moving mechanism based on gravity to drive material movement + a material moving mechanism based on friction to drive material movement, or a material moving mechanism based on electromagnetic force to drive material movement. The former is responsible for movement in the direction of gravity, and the latter is responsible for movement in the horizontal direction; adopt a material moving mechanism based on tooth meshing to drive material movement, or a material moving mechanism based on a driving member to drive material movement + a material moving mechanism based on gravity to drive material movement. The former is responsible for movement in the horizontal direction, and the latter is responsible for movement in the direction of gravity; adopt a material moving mechanism based on tooth meshing to drive material movement The material moving mechanism + the material moving mechanism based on the driving member to drive the material movement, the former is responsible for the x direction, and the latter is responsible for the y direction, the x direction can be the gravity direction or the horizontal direction, and the y direction can also be the horizontal direction or the gravity direction; it can also be a combination of multiple sets of the same type of mechanism to realize one set of mechanism for realizing the movement in the x direction and another set of mechanism for realizing the movement in the y direction; it can also be a combination of multiple sets of different types of mechanisms to realize the movement in one direction, for example, the gravity direction adopts the material moving mechanism based on the tooth meshing driving material movement + the material moving mechanism based on the driving member driving the material movement, one set of mechanism is located on one side of the heat exchange tank, and the other set of mechanism is located on the other side of the heat exchange tank. In addition, other forms of combinations are also included, such as a combination of three driving mechanisms, for example, the material enters the heat exchange tank from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank using the first mechanism, the material in the heat exchange tank along the path from the material inlet to the material outlet uses the second mechanism, and the heat exchange tank leaves the heat exchange tank from the material outlet of the heat exchange tank uses the third mechanism, which will not be repeated.

[0045] In the material moving mechanism in the heat exchange tank that drives the movement of materials based on tooth meshing, the number of chains is ≥2. Preferably, ≥2 chains are located on both sides of the heat exchange tank and arranged relatively to each other, and at least 2 chains maintain synchronous movement. The synchronous movement of the chains is transmitted through gear meshing or driven synchronously by 2 motors. Therefore, when the two ends of the heat storage unit or the material box are respectively located on 2 chains, the heat storage unit or the material box can maintain stable movement, avoiding the problem of tilting or falling of the heat storage unit or the material box when running under a single chain.

[0046] Furthermore, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials also includes a material leveling mechanism for a material box, which can level the stacking flatness of the solid heat storage materials flowing into the material box to avoid the problem of heat exchange loss caused by inconsistent local stacking heights. For bulk materials in the heat storage tank, in order to avoid the problem of uneven stacking caused by the materials flowing into the heat exchange tank or the material box, a material leveling mechanism for the material box is provided in the heat exchange tank or on the connecting pipeline between the heat storage tank and the heat exchange tank. The material box leveling mechanism can be a vibration method, a mechanical method, etc. For example, the material box can be vibrated to make the material stacking flat. The mechanical method includes a scraper or a pressure plate, which scrapes the material inside the material box or the heat exchange tank by the scraper to flatten the stacked material, and the material box can also scrape off the excess material; or the material box or the material stacked in the heat exchange tank is flattened by a pressure plate, and the excess material can also be pressed off the material box. The material leveling mechanism of the material box is not necessary and may or may not be present. For example, when the solid heat storage material is loaded into the material box outside the heat exchange tank, after the solid heat storage material is loaded into the material box and enters the heat exchange tank with the material box, the self-vibration that may be generated by the movement of the material box can achieve the leveling of the solid heat storage material in the material box.

[0047] After the solid heat storage material completes heat exchange in the heat exchange tank, the material is sent back to the heat storage tank for storage after the heat exchange is completed. When the material is in the form of a material box for heat exchange in the heat exchange tank, the heat exchange system for the solid heat storage material also includes a material box release mechanism. The material box release mechanism can be a rotating material box mechanism or a material box with an opening and closing control outlet to achieve controllable material flow out of the material box. For example, when the material box release mechanism is a rotatable material box mechanism, the positioning structure on the material box, such as a movable and rotatable force-applying member on the driving member, can be used to control the material box to rotate a certain angle through the rotation of the force-applying member. The solid heat storage material inside the material box is poured out from the solid heat storage material inlet of the material box; when the material box release mechanism is an opening and closing control outlet on the material box, the outlet is controlled to be opened to realize the solid heat storage material inside the material box being poured out from the outlet, and then the outlet is closed. Preferably, the opening and closing control outlet on the material box is a surface of the material box that can be opened and closed, similar to a "drawer", for example: the bottom plate has a moving function on the material box, and when the bottom plate is pulled, the solid heat storage material flows out from the opening between the material box and the bottom plate. When the solid heat storage material is completely released, the bottom plate is closed and the solid heat storage material is reloaded.

[0048] After the material box releases the material, in order to recycle it, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials also includes a material box return mechanism, which has the function of returning the material box to the initial position after the heat exchange is completed. Preferably, the material box return mechanism is located in the material box recovery space 207 for releasing the solid heat storage material in the material box and restoring the position of the material box, so as to achieve the recycling of the material box. The material box return mechanism includes a material box moving mechanism based on gear meshing to drive the material box to move, and a material box moving mechanism based on a driving member to drive the material box to move. The material box moving mechanism based on gear meshing to drive the material box to move, and the material box moving mechanism based on a driving member to drive the material box to move are the same as the material moving mechanism based on gear meshing to drive the material to move, and the material moving mechanism based on a driving member to drive the material to move described above, and will not be repeated.

[0049] In order to form a stable temperature gradient heat exchange in the heat exchange tank, ensure that the temperature of the removed materials is basically the same, and reduce the irreversible heat exchange loss between the working fluid and the materials, it is necessary to ensure that the quality of the materials entering the heat exchange tank is controllable. Therefore, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials also includes a material meter, which can measure the mass or volume of the materials flowing out of the heat storage tank, or the material meter can measure the mass or volume of the materials flowing into the heat exchange tank. The metering mechanism includes a weighing device, a weighing machine, and a screw mechanism. Preferably, the material box is used for material metering, and the material box is used as a volume meter to measure the mass of the materials entering the heat exchange tank, and the material leveling mechanism of the material box is further used to remove excess materials in the material box.

[0050] Preferably, the heat storage tank has ≥2 material inlets and outlets, one of which is connected to the material inlet of the heat exchange tank, and the other is connected to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank. Preferably, the number of heat storage tanks is ≥2, and the solid heat storage material flowing out of one heat storage tank flows into another heat storage tank after heat exchange in the heat exchange tank, so that the material after heat exchange and the material not exchanged are stored separately, avoiding heat exchange between the material after heat exchange and the material not exchanged. Further, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials also includes a material conveying mechanism, which can move the material after heat exchange in the heat exchange tank out of the heat exchange tank. The material conveying mechanism is a vibration mechanism, a conveyor belt, etc. Preferably, the heat storage tank also includes a heat storage tank taking mechanism, which is used to take the material in the heat storage tank from the heat storage particle inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank, or the heat storage tank taking mechanism can send the material flowing out of the heat exchange tank back to the heat storage tank from the material inlet and outlet. The heat storage tank taking mechanism is a vibration mechanism, a conveyor belt, a stirring mechanism, a controllable grab bucket, etc. Preferably, the maximum amount of materials that can be placed in the heat storage tank is more than twice the maximum amount of materials that can be placed in the heat exchange tank. Preferably, the maximum amount of materials that can be placed in the heat storage tank is more than 10 times the maximum amount of materials that can be placed in the heat exchange tank, thereby reducing the impact of irreversible heat exchange losses in the initial stage.

[0051] Preferably, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials further includes a material conveying channel, which is located between the heat storage tank and the heat exchange tank, and the material conveying channel connects the material inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank with the material inlet or outlet of the heat exchange tank, and the material conveying channel has ≥2 valves that can be opened and closed for communication. ≥2 valves ensure that the material starts to be removed from the heat storage tank and is transported to the heat exchange tank, or ensures that the material starts to be removed from the heat exchange tank and is transported to the heat storage tank. The working medium (such as gas) in the heat exchange tank is prevented from flowing into the heat storage tank in large quantities. For example: when the material is ready to be removed from the heat storage tank, the valve on the path between the material channel and the heat exchange tank is closed first, and then the valve on the path between the material channel and the heat storage tank is opened, and the material in the heat storage tank begins to be removed. When the material removal of the heat storage tank is completed, the valve on the path between the material channel and the heat storage tank is closed, and the valve on the path between the material channel and the heat exchange tank is opened, and the material begins to be transferred to the heat exchange tank; the material is transferred from the heat exchange tank to the heat storage tank in a similar manner.

[0052] Furthermore, the number of layers of solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank is ≥5, and preferably, the number of layers of solid heat storage material is ≥10.

[0053] Furthermore, the number of heat exchange tanks is ≥ 2. When the heat exchange demand is large, multiple heat exchange tanks are opened, and when the heat exchange demand is small, the number of opened heat exchange tanks is reduced.

[0054] Furthermore, the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials can be used for both heat storage and cold storage.

[0055] Embodiment 2:

[0056] A method for using a heat exchange system of a solid heat storage material comprises the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Solid heat storage material enters the heat exchange tank to exchange heat with the working fluid;

[0058] Step 2: The solid heat storage material moves a set distance in the heat exchange tank;

[0059] Step 3: The solid heat storage material stops moving in the heat exchange tank for a set time;

[0060] Step 4: The solid heat storage material is removed from the heat exchange tank;

[0061] In the process of the solid heat storage material moving from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank, the above second step and third step are repeated ≥ 2 times.

[0062] Furthermore, before the first step, the solid heat storage material is removed from the heat storage tank, and after the fourth step, the solid heat storage material is moved into the heat storage tank. Preferably, the heat storage tank from which the solid heat storage material is removed and the heat storage tank into which the solid heat storage material is moved are two different heat storage tanks.

[0063] Furthermore, in the second step, the solid heat storage material moves in the heat exchange tank for a set distance of ≥0.1 mm; in the third step, the solid heat storage material stops moving in the heat exchange tank for a set time of ≥0.01 s

[0064] Furthermore, the method for using the heat exchange system also includes:

[0065] The material moving mechanism control method based on the driving member driving the material movement includes any of the following:

[0066] Control the force-applying member to move a certain distance and insert into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box, control the driving member to move a certain distance to drive the heat storage unit or the material box to move, and control the force-applying member to move a certain distance to exit the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box;

[0067] The driving member is controlled to move a certain distance in the x direction so that the driving member is inserted into the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box, the driving member is controlled to move a certain distance in the y direction so that the driving member drives the solid heat storage material to move a certain distance in the y direction, and the driving member is controlled to move a certain distance in the x direction so that the driving member exits the groove of the heat storage unit or the material box, wherein the x direction intersects with the y direction.

[0068] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the technical content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials, characterized in that: It includes a heat exchange tank used for heat exchange between temperature-stratified solid heat storage materials and working fluids; The heat exchange tank has ≥1 working fluid inlet, ≥1 working fluid outlet, ≥1 material inlet and ≥1 material outlet, the working fluid inlet and the material inlet can be independent of each other or integrated together, and the working fluid outlet and the material outlet can be independent of each other or integrated together; The heat exchange tank is provided with a material moving mechanism, and the material moving mechanism is used to move the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank along a path from the material inlet to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank.

2. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Solid heat storage materials include bulk particles or heat storage units; When the solid heat storage material is bulk particles, the heat exchange system facing the solid heat storage material further includes a material box for placing the bulk particles, the material box is provided with a solid heat storage material inlet and has pores, and the material box can move in the heat exchange tank from the heat exchange tank material inlet to the material outlet under the action of the material moving mechanism, so as to realize temperature stratified heat exchange between the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank and the working medium; The heat storage unit comprises a shaped solid with pores for the flow of working medium; or, the heat storage unit comprises a particle device consisting of bulk particles and a container.

3. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material moving mechanism includes any one of a material moving mechanism driven by friction, a material moving mechanism driven by tooth meshing, a material moving mechanism driven by a driving member, a material moving mechanism driven by electromagnetic force, and a material moving mechanism driven by gravity, or a combination of ≥2 of the above.

4. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material moving mechanism based on friction driving material movement includes a chain or ≥2 rollers; The material moving mechanism based on tooth meshing driving material movement includes a chain and a gear, the chain is meshed with the gear, the chain has a bracket in contact with the solid heat storage material, the number of chains is ≥2 and each chain keeps synchronous movement; The material moving mechanism based on electromagnetic force driving the material movement includes an electromagnetic force device, the solid heat storage material has a metal frame, and the metal frame is moved under the action of the electromagnetic force to move the solid heat storage material; The material moving mechanism based on gravity-driven material movement includes ≥10 material boxes, which are located in the heat exchange tank and divide the solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank into ≥10 material piles; The material moving mechanism based on a driving member driving material movement includes a driving member, which includes a rigid rod, a rigid plate, a flexible rope, or a mechanical arm. The driving member has a displacement function and / or a force-applying member on the driving member has a displacement function.

5. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: In a material moving mechanism based on a driving member driving the material movement, the driving member has one of the following characteristics: When the driving member has a force-applying member with a displacement function, the force-applying member has the function of opening or unloading to push the material to move by moving on the driving member; The driving part has a rotating function, and the driving part has the function of opening or unloading to push the material to move through rotation; The driving member has the function of moving in two directions, namely, the x direction and the y direction, and the x direction intersects with the y direction.

6. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat storage unit or the material box has a positioning structure that cooperates with the driving member or the force applying member; The driving member or the force member moves and is inserted into the positioning structure. When the driving member or the force member moves, the movement of the driving member or the force member drives the heat storage unit or the material box to move. The moving direction of the heat storage unit or the material box may be the same as or intersect with the moving direction of the driving member or the force member. When the driving member or the force applying member moves and exits the positioning structure, the movement function of the heat storage unit or the material box is unloaded; Alternatively, when the driving member has a rotation function, the driving member has a radial bracket, and the driving member can realize the function of the radial bracket driving the heat storage unit or the material box to move and unloading the radial bracket to drive the heat storage unit or the material box to move by rotating.

7. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a material box release mechanism, which is used to control the solid heat storage material in the material box to flow out of the material box; And / or, it also includes a material leveling mechanism for the material box, which is used to level the stacking flatness of the solid heat storage material flowing into the material box; And / or, it also includes a material box returning mechanism, which is used to return the material box to an initial position after the heat exchange is completed; And / or, the material box is composed of a bottom plate and N baffles arranged around the bottom plate, where 0≤N≤3; And / or, the bottom plate of the material box has pores and the pore diameter is smaller than the diameter of the solid heat storage material particles, and the bottom plate porosity is ≥0.1; And / or, the material box is located on the driving member, and the material box can move on the driving member.

8. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a heat storage tank for storing solid heat storage materials, the heat storage tank having ≥1 material inlet and outlet, and the material inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank are connected to the material inlet or material outlet of the heat exchange tank; When the heat storage tank has ≥2 material inlets and outlets, one of the material inlets and outlets is communicated with the material inlet of the heat exchange tank, and the other material inlet and outlet is communicated with the material outlet of the heat exchange tank.

9. The heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a material meter, which is used to measure the mass or volume of the solid heat storage material flowing out of the heat storage tank, or to measure the mass or volume of the solid heat storage material flowing into the heat exchange tank; And / or, the number of the heat storage tanks is ≥ 2, and the solid heat storage material flowing out of one heat storage tank is heat exchanged in the heat exchange tank and then flows into another heat storage tank; And / or, it also includes a heat exchange tank material leveling mechanism, which is used to level the stacking flatness of the material flowing into the heat exchange tank; And / or, it also includes a material conveying mechanism, which is used to move the material after heat exchange in the heat exchange tank out of the heat exchange tank; And / or, it also includes a heat storage tank taking mechanism, which is used to take out the solid heat storage material in the heat storage tank from the material inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank, or to return the solid heat storage material flowing out of the heat exchange tank to the heat storage tank from the material inlet and outlet; And / or, it also includes a material conveying channel, which is used to connect the material inlet and outlet of the heat storage tank with the material inlet or material outlet of the heat exchange tank, and the material conveying channel has ≥2 valves that can be opened and closed for communication; and / or, the maximum amount of solid heat storage material that can be placed in the heat storage tank is more than twice the maximum amount of solid heat storage material that can be placed in the heat exchange tank; And / or, the number of layers of solid heat storage material in the heat exchange tank is ≥5; And / or, the number of heat exchange tanks is ≥ 2; And / or, the solid heat storage material includes SiO2, metal oxides and mixtures thereof; And / or, the bulk particles have a diameter of ≤50 mm, and at least one of the length, width and height dimensions of the heat storage unit is greater than 50 mm.

10. A method for using a heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Step 1: Solid heat storage material enters the heat exchange tank to exchange heat with the working fluid; Step 2: The solid heat storage material moves a set distance in the heat exchange tank; Step 3: The solid heat storage material stops moving in the heat exchange tank for a set time; Step 4: The solid heat storage material is removed from the heat exchange tank; In the process of the solid heat storage material moving from the material inlet of the heat exchange tank to the material outlet of the heat exchange tank, the above second step and third step are repeated ≥ 2 times.

11. The method for using the heat exchange system for solid heat storage materials according to claim 10, characterized in that: In the second step, when the solid heat storage material moves a set distance in the heat exchange tank, the material moving mechanism control method based on the driving member driving the material movement includes any of the following: The force-applying member moves a certain distance and is inserted into the positioning structure of the heat storage unit or the material box, the driving member moves a certain distance to drive the heat storage unit or the material box to move, and the force-applying member moves a certain distance to exit the positioning structure of the heat storage unit or the material box; The driving member moves a distance in the x direction to insert the driving member into the positioning structure of the heat storage unit or the material box, the driving member moves a distance in the y direction to drive the solid heat storage material to move a distance in the y direction, and the driving member is controlled to move a distance in the x direction to exit the positioning structure of the heat storage unit or the material box, wherein the x direction intersects with the y direction.

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