Downward continuous charging blasting method

Abstract

The invention provides a downward continuous charging blasting method which comprises the following steps: 1, punching: selecting a proper position according to a blasting site, and punching a blast hole meeting the requirement; secondly, parameters are changed, different parameters are set, specifically, the diameter of a blast hole is 120 mm, hole pitches and row pitches of different sizes are distributed on the premise that the diameter of the blast hole is 120 mm, and the row pitches are set to be 3.0 m and 3.5 m; 3, charging and blasting: recording corresponding data according to a blasting result, and carrying out simulation research on the charging and blasting data; on the basis that parameters of an existing accurate mining structure are not changed, the reasonable drill hole diameter is selected again, the statistical boulder yield in the ore removal process is only 2.4% which is far lower than 10% of an expected value, meanwhile, the unit consumption of explosives can be lower than 0.35 kg / t, the overall blasting cost is reduced, the boulder yield can be reduced, and the ore removal efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of iron ore blasting, in particular to a downward continuous charging blasting method. Background Art

[0002] Iron ore blasting is an important part of the iron ore mining process. It involves multiple aspects of technology and safety measures. Before blasting, detailed design must be carried out, including parameters such as the location, depth, and spacing of the blastholes, to ensure that the blasting effect meets expectations and reduce safety risks.

[0003] At present, large-diameter deep-hole drilling is adopted for thick ore bodies during blasting. The ore blocks are arranged perpendicular to the ore body. The size of the ore blocks for one-step mining and two-step mining is the same, with a height of 60m, a width of 15m and a length of 35.51m. The mining and drilling design adopts T-150 down-the-hole drilling trolley with mobile air compressor. In the actual production process, 140mm explosive rolls are used for manual uncoupled charging of large-diameter deep holes in underground mine rooms for blasting. The charging process is complicated, the density of operators and the labor intensity of operators are high, and there are certain operational safety risks. Therefore, vertical deep holes are drilled downward in the rock drilling chamber of the mining site. The diameter of the blasthole is Φ165mm, the depth of the blasthole is 40m, the row spacing is 3.0m, and the hole spacing is 3m.

[0004] As mentioned above, using the existing 165mm drill hole for automated mechanical charging will form a 165mm coupled continuous charging structure. The current blasting hole network parameters will not be able to meet the requirements, and the blasting hole spacing will inevitably increase. The rate of large blocks will increase significantly, seriously affecting the mining efficiency. The overall blasting efficiency needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a downward continuous charging blasting method to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a downward continuous charging blasting method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The first step: drilling, select the appropriate location according to the blasting location and drill the blasthole that meets the requirements;

[0008] Step 2: Change the parameters and set different parameters. Specifically, the diameter of the blasthole is 120 mm. Different hole spacings and row spacings are distributed under the premise that the diameter of the blasthole is 120 mm. The row spacing is set to 3.0 m and 3.5 m. Then, experiments are conducted according to the different hole spacings.

[0009] The third step: charge blasting, record the corresponding data according to the blasting results, and conduct simulation research on these charge blasting data. The multiple groups of data are: the diameter of the blasthole is 120mm, the row spacing is 3.0m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 3m and more than 3m for the experiment, and the row spacing is 3.5m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 2.5m and more than 2.5m for the experiment;

[0010] Step 4: Result analysis. Based on the analysis of multiple groups of data, the best blasting method is obtained. When the row spacing is 3m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms; when the row spacing is 3.5m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms.

[0011] Preferably, in the second step, the downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 120 mm is exploded by a columnar charge, and the range of the wall pillar is set to be above 2.0 m.

[0012] Preferably: in the second step, most of the side holes are not charged during the experiment, and some of them are charged if they are deflected.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a downward continuous charging blasting method, which has the following features:

[0014] Beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. By reselecting a reasonable borehole diameter without changing the existing mining structure parameters, the statistical large-block rate in the mining process is only 2.4%, far lower than the expected value of 10%. At the same time, the unit consumption of explosives can be reduced to less than 0.35kg / t, which reduces the overall blasting cost, reduces the large-block rate, and improves the efficiency of mining.

[0016] 2. By setting a 120mm blasthole, uncoupled charging can be carried out, reducing the coupled continuous charging structure and reducing the difficulty of work. At the same time, setting the wall pillars above 2.0m can reduce the impact of blasting on the side of the filling body during the wall pillars, further improving the adaptability of blasting.

[0017] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation of the present invention is given in detail by the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Flowchart for the working of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is combined with Figure 1 The principles and features of the present invention are described, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following paragraphs, the present invention is described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a component centered. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a downward continuous charging blasting method includes the following steps:

[0024] The first step: drilling, select the appropriate location according to the blasting location and drill the blasthole that meets the requirements;

[0025] Step 2: Change the parameters and set different parameters, specifically, the blasthole diameter is 120mm, and different hole spacings and row spacings are distributed under the premise of the blasthole diameter being 120mm, where the row spacing is set to 3.0m and 3.5m;

[0026] The third step: charge blasting, record the corresponding data according to the blasting results, and conduct simulation research on these charge blasting data. The multiple groups of data are: the diameter of the blasthole is 120mm, the row spacing is 3.0m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 3m and more than 3m for the experiment, and the row spacing is 3.5m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 2.5m and more than 2.5m for the experiment;

[0027] Step 4: Result analysis. Based on the analysis of multiple groups of data, the best blasting method is obtained. When the row spacing is 3m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms; when the row spacing is 3.5m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, when working, first find the appropriate position and drill the blasthole that meets the requirements. When designing the blasthole, the 120mm blasthole is mainly designed, and then the hole spacing and row spacing of different sizes are designed, and the row spacing is set at 3.0m and 3.5m. Then, blasting is carried out according to different parameters. According to the data after these blasting, simulation research is carried out to obtain the best blasting method;

[0029] When the row spacing is 3.0m, the blasting effect of the main blasting holes in each row is poor, and the rear band phenomenon is more serious. After testing the segmented blasting and increasing the length of the hole blocking, the rear band phenomenon is weakened when the blast holes are arranged backward in each row. At the same time, the whole hole cannot be charged due to the deviation, which leads to an increase in the rate of large blocks. However, from the perspective of explosive consumption, the calculated explosive consumption is 0.11kg / t, which is quite different from the design value, mainly caused by the rear band. However, the front row design explosive consumption is close to the actual value of the current 165mm blast holes in the mine by about 0.23kg / t, and the rear row blast holes are about 0.16kg / t when the consumption is reduced. The blasting effect has not deteriorated. The large block rate is about 2037.72t, and the comprehensive large block rate is 7.14%, which is not much different from the large block rate of other current mines. Therefore, under the premise of 120mm, the use of 3.0m row spacing still has certain defects;

[0030] Therefore, the row spacing was set to 3.5m for another experiment. The hole network parameters were consistent with the 165mm aperture production area, which did not increase the engineering workload. The experimental data showed that from the perspective of explosive consumption, the actual explosive consumption was 0.22kg / t, which was slightly lower than the design value and slightly lower than the actual value of 0.26kg / t in the current 165mm aperture production area of ​​the mine. The cost of explosives decreased, and the project indicator of explosive consumption lower than 0.28kg / t of original ore was achieved. At the same time, the overall stability of the filling side was good, no large-scale collapse was observed, and no filling was obviously mixed in during the mining process. After scanning the empty area of ​​the test mining site and combining the scanning results of the empty areas of the mine rooms on both sides in the early stage, the overall over-excavation volume was 268.12m3, the downward deep hole blasting volume was 19607.58m3, and the comprehensive mixing rate of the filling was 1.4%. , completed the project indicators of the side wall control degree to achieve the current blasting effect, and finally the statistical large block rate was only 2.4%, which was significantly lower than 3.7% under the same hole network parameters of 165mm drilling, so that compared with the 165mm case, the large block rate can be significantly reduced, and at the same time it can avoid the coupled continuous charging structure at 165mm, which leads to an increase in the blasting hole spacing, a large increase in the large block rate, and a serious impact on the ore-out efficiency. It reduces the intensity of work, reduces the large block rate, and improves the efficiency of ore-out. On the basis of not changing the existing mining structure parameters, the reasonable drilling diameter is reselected, so that the statistical large block rate of the ore-out process is only 2.4%, far lower than the expected value of 10%. At the same time, the unit consumption of explosives can be reduced to less than 0.35kg / t, which reduces the overall cost of blasting, reduces the large block rate, and improves the efficiency of ore-out.

[0031] Furthermore, in the second step, the downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 120 mm is a columnar charge explosion, and the range of the wall pillar is set above 2.0 m; the downward vertical deep hole with a diameter of 120 mm is equivalent to the columnar charge explosion, and the impact of the blasting has a greater impact on the filling body. When blasting is carried out under the 1.8 m wall pillar, only 2.625 MPa of effective stress and 1.29 mm of displacement are generated at the side of the filling body, which exceeds the strength tolerance range of the filling body. Therefore, when the wall pillar is above 2.0 m, the impact of blasting on the side of the filling body is relatively small;

[0032] In the second step of the experiment, most of the side holes were not charged, and some were charged if there was a deviation; the deflection of the 120mm blasthole was large, exceeding 5%, and the entire hole could not be charged due to the deflection, which led to an increase in the rate of large blocks, and the side holes were easily affected by the previous blasting, resulting in blasthole damage. After most of the side holes were not charged, or were partially charged due to the deflection, the side control of the filling body still achieved good results. Through experiments and from the side control situation, the wall pillars all collapsed, the filling body collapsed less, the overall over-excavation volume was 867.93m3, and the comprehensive mixing rate was 3.4%. It is proved that when using 120mm blastholes, 70mm cartridges uncoupled charging structure, wall pillars 2.0m to 2.5m, hole spacing 1.5m, linear charge density controlled at 1.3kg / m, it can achieve better control blasting effect.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the drawings and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downward continuous charging blasting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The first step: drilling, select the appropriate location according to the blasting location and drill the blasthole that meets the requirements; Step 2: Change the parameters and set different parameters, specifically, the blasthole diameter is 120mm, and different hole spacings and row spacings are distributed under the premise of the blasthole diameter being 120mm, where the row spacing is set to 3.0m and 3.5m; The third step: charge blasting, record the corresponding data according to the blasting results, and conduct simulation research on these charge blasting data. The multiple groups of data are: the diameter of the blasthole is 120mm, the row spacing is 3.0m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 3m and more than 3m for the experiment, and the row spacing is 3.5m, and the hole spacing is set to be less than 2.5m and more than 2.5m for the experiment; Step 4: Result analysis. Based on the analysis of multiple groups of data, the best blasting method is obtained. When the row spacing is 3m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 3.0m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms; when the row spacing is 3.5m, the area with a hole spacing of less than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 25ms, while the area with a hole spacing of more than 2.5m selects a unit consumption of 0.28kg / t of explosives and a micro-difference interval time of 50ms.

2. A downward continuous charging blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step, a vertical deep hole with a diameter of 120 mm is exploded with a columnar charge, and the range of the wall pillar is set to be above 2.0 m.

3. A downward continuous charging blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step of the experiment, most of the side holes were not charged, and some were charged if they were deflected.

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