Simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics
By preparing geometric soil cultural relics simulation samples and controlling the diffusion direction of salt solution, the problems of inaccurate soil cultural relics erosion simulation and poor experimental reproducibility in the existing technology are solved, and the accurate simulation and experimental reproducibility of soil cultural relics erosion are achieved, and reliable evaluation of the reinforcement effect of soil cultural relics is provided.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510093598.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-25
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot accurately simulate the formation of salt erosion in soil cultural relics, and the experiment is not reproducible, so it is difficult to effectively evaluate the salt inhibitory effect of soil cultural relics before and after reinforcement.
The geometric earthen cultural relics simulation samples were prepared by mold remodeling, and liquid paraffin was coated on its side walls and upper surfaces, placed on a water-absorbing sponge to control the diffusion direction of the salt solution, so that salt erosion was formed on the upper surface of the soil sample, ensuring experimental reproducibility.
It realizes accurate simulation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics, ensures experimental reproducibility, and can reliably evaluate the changes in salt erosion before and after reinforcement of soil cultural relics, providing a scientific basis for the protection of soil cultural relics.
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Figure CN119880763A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cultural relics protection, and in particular relates to a simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics. Background Art
[0002] Earthen sites, earthen relics and other cultural relics with soil as the main body are affected by natural environmental factors and inevitably suffer from various erosions, threatening the long-term preservation of earthen cultural relics. Among them, salt erosion is a type of erosion that has a greater impact on the preservation of earthen cultural relics. Soluble salts accumulate on the surface of earthen cultural relics and gradually form salt crusts. The whitish salt crusts not only affect the original appearance of earthen cultural relics, but more seriously, the erosion of salt crusts will aggravate the weathering and damage of earthen sites, causing cracks in earthen sites, soil crumbing, sandification and other diseases, and even causing wall crumbing and collapse, causing earthen cultural relics to collapse due to loss of support.
[0003] The formation mechanism of salt erosion on the surface of earthen cultural relics is mainly related to the migration of soluble salts in groundwater and soil. Soluble salts migrate upward to the surface of earthen sites with groundwater and soil water. As external conditions change, salts are analyzed into glass crystals and develop into salt damage. Especially in the earthen cultural relics distributed in northern China where there is little rain and shallow groundwater levels, groundwater evaporation will increase, and the degree of secondary salinization will increase. Groundwater with a high salt content is the main source of salt damage to earthen cultural relics.
[0004] For the protection of earthen cultural relics, reinforcement methods are often used to improve the strength of the soil to prevent the collapse and destruction of cultural relics. However, while reinforcing, attention should also be paid to the resistance of the cultural relics soil to salt erosion before and after reinforcement, that is, the inhibitory effect of the cultural relics soil on the precipitation of soluble salts before and after reinforcement, which plays a very important role in preventing secondary salt erosion of cultural relics. Therefore, the method of simulating the formation of salt erosion of earthen cultural relics is often used to evaluate the salt inhibition effect before and after the reinforcement and protection of earthen cultural relics.
[0005] At present, the formation of salt erosion on soil cultural relics is generally simulated by immersing the simulated samples before and after reinforcement in a mixed salt solution to observe the precipitation of salt. However, this method cannot control the diffusion of groundwater in the simulated sample soil, and the salt erosion that is finally formed appears randomly in any part of the soil, resulting in the formation of salt precipitation in the simulated soil sample being inconsistent with the formation of salt erosion on the surface of the soil cultural relics, and the formation of salt erosion on the soil cultural relics cannot be accurately simulated. At the same time, since the diffusion direction of the salt solution cannot be controlled, the simulation experiment of salt erosion on soil cultural relics is not reproducible. Summary of the invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics to solve the problems of lack of scientificity and poor experimental reproducibility in the prior art evaluation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics comprises the following steps: Step 1, preparing a simulated soil sample into a geometric shape by reshaping the mold to obtain a simulated soil cultural relic sample; Step 2, soaking the absorbent sponge in the mixed salt solution, the mixed salt solution is in a container; Step 3, coating the side wall of the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample with liquid paraffin, exposing the upper and lower surfaces of the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample, and obtaining the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample wrapped in paraffin after the paraffin is solidified; Step 4, placing the paraffin-wrapped soil cultural relic simulation sample on a water-absorbing sponge, with the lower surface of the soil cultural relic simulation sample in contact with the water-absorbing sponge; Step 5, sealing the container with a sealing film, with a portion of the simulated earthenware cultural relic sample being outside the container; Step 6, store the container in a constant temperature and humidity chamber.
[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is: Preferably, in step 1, the hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate is dripped onto the upper surface of the simulated soil cultural relic sample, and after being sealed and allowed to stand, a reinforced simulated soil cultural relic sample is obtained.
[0009] Preferably, in step 2, the mixed salt solution is a mixed salt solution of NaCl, Na2SO4, Mg2SO4 and KCl; The NaCl concentration in the mixed salt solution is 0.2 mol / L, the Na2SO4 concentration is 0.1 mol / L, the Mg2SO4 concentration is 0.1 mol / L, and the KCl concentration is 0.04 mol / L.
[0010] Preferably, in step 1, the geometric body is a cylinder or a cuboid.
[0011] Preferably, in step 4, the outer edge portion of the absorbent sponge in contact with the simulated earthenware cultural relic sample is coated with paraffin.
[0012] Preferably, in step 2, the simulated sample of the earthen cultural relic is a cuboid.
[0013] Preferably, in step 2, the upper surface of the mixed salt solution is lower than the bottom of the earthen cultural relic simulation sample.
[0014] Preferably, in step 6, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 25°C.
[0015] Preferably, in step 6, the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 30-35%.
[0016] Preferably, in step 6, the mixture is stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 12 to 24 hours.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics. The simulation sample keeps water and salt migration in the vertical direction during the process of simulating salt erosion, and salt erosion is always formed on the upper surface of the simulation sample, ensuring that the salt erosion formed on the upper surface has good experimental reproducibility. The simulated soil samples before and after reinforcement also have good experimental reproducibility, ensuring the reliability of comparing the formation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics before and after reinforcement, which has an important influence on obtaining regular experimental results. The method optimizes the water and salt migration mode in the soil body, controls the precipitation of soluble salt on the upper surface of the soil sample, forms salt erosion, and uses the method of the present invention to simulate the formation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics, which is more in line with the actual results of salt erosion formed on the surface of soil cultural relics, making the simulation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics closer to reality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram simulating the formation of salt erosion on soil cultural relics.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a picture of salt erosion formed on the surface of a simulated soil sample of earthen cultural relics.
[0020] Figure 3 This is a super-deep microscopic structure picture of the salt formed on the surface of the soil sample simulating the earthen cultural relics.
[0021] Figure 4 It is the energy spectrum of salt composition on the surface of soil samples simulating earth cultural relics.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a picture of salt erosion on the surface of the simulated soil cultural relic after reinforcement. Figure 6 This is a super-deep microscopic picture of the salt formed on the surface of the simulated soil cultural relic sample after reinforcement.
[0023] Figure 7 It is the energy spectrum of salt composition on the surface of the simulated sample of soil cultural relics after reinforcement.
[0024] Among them: 1. Simulated sample of earthen cultural relics; 2. Sealing film; 3. Paraffin; 4. Utensils; 5. Mixed salt solution; 6. Absorbent sponge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following is a general description and definition of the terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the text are the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art for the present invention. In the event of a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.
[0026] In this document, unless otherwise specified, “includes,” “including,” “contains,” “has,” or similar terms cover the meanings of “consisting of” and “mainly consisting of,” for example, “A includes a” covers the meanings of “A includes a and other” and “A only includes a.”
[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.
[0028] The following examples use conventional instruments and equipment in the art. The experimental methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified are usually carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various raw materials used in the following examples are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified, and their specifications are conventional specifications in the art. In the specification of the present invention and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" means weight percentage, "part" means weight part, and ratio means weight ratio.
[0029] The invention discloses a method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics. The specific steps of the preparation method are: Step 1, using the original soil at 9 meters underground as a simulated soil sample, pressing it into a geometrically reshaped simulated soil sample through a laboratory-made mold, and the simulated soil sample is a soil cultural relic simulated sample; dripping the ethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation solution from the upper surface of the simulated soil sample to one of the soil cultural relic simulated samples 1, sealing and letting the soil cultural relic simulated sample stand, and obtaining the reinforced soil cultural relic simulated sample 1, the mass ratio of the simulated soil sample to the mass ratio of the ethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation solution is 1 to 8.5, and the soil cultural relic simulated sample is left to stand and seal for 24 hours, further verifying that the method of the present invention can be applied to the simulation of salt erosion of reinforced soil cultural relics, and has guiding significance for the study of salt damage after reinforcement of soil cultural relics.
[0030] The geometric shape can be a cuboid or a cylinder. The height of the cuboid is greater than the length and width of the bottom, and the height of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the cross-section circle. This structure ensures that the geometric bodies subsequently placed on the absorbent sponge are all vertical, which can ensure that the subsequent salt migration is along the vertical direction, and the cylinder or cuboid can place the entire earthen cultural relic simulation sample firmly.
[0031] Preferably, the earthen cultural relic simulation sample 1 and the reinforced earthen cultural relic simulation sample 1 are both rectangular parallelepipeds with a height of 11 cm, a length of 5 cm, and a width of 1.9 cm.
[0032] Step 2, prepare a mixed salt solution 5 containing NaCl, Na2SO4, Mg2SO4, and KCl, pour it into a container 4, take two absorbent sponges 6 with a length of 8 cm, a width of 4 cm, and a height of 4 cm and put them in the container 4 containing the mixed salt solution 5. Placing the absorbent sponges 6 in the mixed salt solution 5 can control the migration speed of the soluble salt solution 5 in the soil cultural relic simulation sample 1, and the water-salt migration of the soluble salt in the soil cultural relic simulation sample 1 in the cultural relic soil.
[0033] The NaCl concentration in the mixed salt solution is 0.2 mol / L, the Na2SO4 concentration is 0.1 mol / L, the Mg2SO4 concentration is 0.1 mol / L, and the KCl concentration is 0.04 mol / L.
[0034] Preferably, the vessel 4 is a glass crystallization dish.
[0035] Step 3, liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is waited for to solidify, and the paraffin 3 is solidified on the four side walls of the soil cultural relic simulation sample 1 to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample, while the surrounding areas will not be eroded by salt, forming a reshaped soil sample. Specifically, liquid paraffin is coated on the sides of the soil cultural relic simulation sample 1, so that water and salt migration can diffuse salt in the vertical direction of the soil sample through transpiration, and finally salt crystals are formed on the surface of the soil sample to simulate the formation of salt erosion on the surface of the soil cultural relic.
[0036] In this process, liquid paraffin is smeared on the four sides of the rectangular earthen cultural relic simulation sample 1 to seal the sides, while the upper and lower surfaces of the earthen cultural relic simulation sample 1 are not sealed.
[0037] Step 4: Place the two rectangular earthenware cultural relic simulation samples 1 processed in step 3 on the two absorbent sponges 6 in step 2 respectively.
[0038] Furthermore, the outer edge of the absorbent sponge 6 in contact with the bottom of the two remodeled soil samples is coated with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt in the mixed salt solution from precipitating from the bottom of the soil sample, and also to avoid the problem of poor reproducibility of the experiment to simulate salt erosion of soil cultural relics.
[0039] It should be noted that the mixed salt solution 5 cannot contact the bottom of the soil sample during the experiment of the present invention, so as to prevent the salt solution from corroding the soil sample from the side.
[0040] Step 5, when the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, the container 4 is sealed with a sealing film 2, and the entire system is stored in a constant temperature and humidity chamber to prevent the salt solution from evaporating too quickly and drying up.
[0041] During this process, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 25°C, the humidity is 30-35%, and the storage time is 12-24 hours.
[0042] Example 1 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0043] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 100 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0044] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0045] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0046] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then, place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 12 hours at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 30-35%.
[0047] Example 2 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0048] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 150 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0049] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0050] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0051] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then, place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 12 hours. The temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 25°C and the humidity is 30-35%.
[0052] Example 3 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0053] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 200 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0054] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0055] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0056] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then, place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 12 hours at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 30-35%.
[0057] Example 4 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0058] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 100 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0059] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0060] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0061] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24 hours at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 30-35%.
[0062] Example 5 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0063] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 150 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0064] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0065] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0066] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24 hours at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 30-35%.
[0067] Example 6 (1) A simulated soil sample was reshaped into a rectangular shape by using a homemade mold in the laboratory. The soil sample was a simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. The hydrolysis and condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate was dripped into the simulated sample of earthen cultural relics. After sealing and standing, the reinforced simulated sample of earthen cultural relics was obtained.
[0068] (2) Prepare a mixed salt solution containing 0.2 mol / L NaCl, 0.1 mol / L Na2SO4, 0.1 mol / LMg2SO4, and 0.04 mol / L KCl. Take 200 mL of the mixed salt solution and pour it into a container. Take two absorbent sponges of 8 cm in length, 4 cm in width, and 4 cm in height and place them in the container containing the mixed salt solution.
[0069] (3) Liquid paraffin is evenly coated on the outer surfaces of the two types of soil samples before and after reinforcement described in step 1, and the paraffin is allowed to solidify to ensure that salt erosion is formed on the upper surface of the soil sample.
[0070] (4) Place the two rectangular reshaped soil samples processed in step 3 on the two sponges in step 2 respectively, and coat the outer edges of the sponges and the bottoms of the two reshaped soil samples with liquid paraffin to prevent the salt solution from precipitating at the bottom of the soil sample and causing poor experimental reproducibility.
[0071] (5) When the mixed salt solution seeps up to the top of the two reshaped soil samples before and after reinforcement, seal the container with a sealing film to prevent the salt solution from evaporating prematurely. Then place the entire system in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24 hours at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 30-35%.
[0072] Acquisition and verification of test results: Generally, the simulation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics is usually performed by immersing the simulated samples before and after reinforcement in a mixed salt solution, and the salt solution is precipitated in the soil to simulate the formation of salt erosion of soil cultural relics. This method has randomness in the location of salt erosion, which does not conform to the actual situation of salt erosion on the upper surface of soil cultural relics. This method is used to evaluate the changes in salt erosion before and after reinforcement of soil cultural relics without experimental reproducibility. The present invention proposes a method, such as Figure 1 As shown in the figure, by controlling the diffusion position of water and salt migration in the soil cultural relic simulation sample, salt erosion is formed on the surface of the soil sample, and the salt erosion formation results are experimentally reproducible. The formation of salt erosion on the surface of the soil cultural relic simulation sample and the formation of salt erosion on the surface of the soil cultural relic simulation sample after reinforcement, the experimental verification results of salt erosion formation under different conditions are as follows: 1. Analysis of surface salt erosion on simulated soil cultural relics By the method of the present invention, salt erosion is formed on the surface of the soil sample through the vertical movement of water and salt, and the result is as follows Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 It can be seen that a large amount of white granular material is enriched on the surface of the soil cultural relic simulation sample; through ultra-deep microscopic observation, it can be seen that these white granular materials are crystalline particles, evenly dispersed on the surface of the soil sample, such as Figure 3 As shown; after surface energy spectrum detection, the results are as follows Figure 4 As shown, these white granular substances mainly contain Na, Cl, Ca, S, and O elements, all of which come from the salt components in the mixed salt solution. This shows that by using the method of the present invention, the mixed salt solution forms salt erosion on the surface of the simulated soil sample through water-salt migration.
[0073] 2. Analysis of salt erosion on the surface of the simulated soil cultural relics after reinforcement The reinforced soil cultural relic simulation sample is subjected to the method proposed by the present invention, and salt erosion can also be formed on the surface of the soil sample. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that white granular material is also formed on the upper surface of the soil sample; the upper surface of the soil sample is observed at a super-deep well, and the results are as follows Figure 6 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the white substance is crystalline particles precipitated on the surface of the soil sample; the results of the energy spectrum analysis of the soil sample surface show that these white salt particles are mainly two types of salts NaCl and CaSO4 in the mixed salt solution, such as Figure 7 shown.
[0074] By comparing the results of simulated salt erosion on the surface of soil samples before and after reinforcement, it can be seen that the precipitation of salt is formed on the upper surface of the soil samples, indicating that for the evaluation of salt precipitation before and after reinforcement of earthen cultural relics, the same position of salt erosion makes the evaluation comparable; at the same time, it can be seen that the amount of crystalline salt formed on the surface of the soil samples after reinforcement is less, because after reinforcement, the migration mode of the salt solution in the soil sample has changed. This change can be mainly summarized as follows: after reinforcement with tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysis condensation liquid, the soil sample maintains the original pore structure. When the salt solution in the soil migrates, the water in the salt solution evaporates quickly. Under this structure, the evaporation rate of water is fast, and the probability of water dissolving salt is reduced, which will not drive the salt in the soil to continue to migrate to the surface of the soil, inhibiting the salt damage caused by water-salt migration and playing a role in resisting salt erosion. Therefore, less salt crystals are formed on the surface of the soil after reinforcement, which reflects that the soil sample has the effect of resisting salt erosion after reinforcement, indicating that the method of the present invention can be used to evaluate whether earthen cultural relics are resistant to salt damage before and after reinforcement.
[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparing a simulated soil sample into a geometric shape by reshaping the sample with a mold to obtain a simulated soil cultural relic sample (1); Step 2, soaking the absorbent sponge (6) in the mixed salt solution (5), the mixed salt solution (5) is in the container (4); Step 3, coating the side wall of the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample (1) with liquid paraffin, leaving the upper surface and the lower surface of the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample (1) bare, and obtaining the earthenware cultural relic simulation sample (1) wrapped in paraffin after the paraffin is solidified; Step 4, placing the paraffin-wrapped soil artifact simulation sample (1) on the water-absorbing sponge (6), with the lower surface of the soil artifact simulation sample (1) in contact with the water-absorbing sponge (6); Step 5, sealing the container (4) by means of a sealing film (2), wherein a portion of the simulated soil cultural relic sample (1) is outside the container (4); Step 6, store the vessel (4) in a constant temperature and humidity chamber.
2. A simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, a hydrolysis-condensation solution of ethyl orthosilicate is dripped onto the upper surface of the soil cultural relic simulation sample (1), and after being sealed and allowed to stand, a reinforced soil cultural relic simulation sample (1) is obtained.
3. A simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the mixed salt solution (5) is a mixed salt solution of NaCl, Na2SO4, Mg2SO4 and KCl; The mixed salt solution (5) has a NaCl concentration of 0.2 mol / L, a Na2SO4 concentration of 0.1 mol / L, a Mg2SO4 concentration of 0.1 mol / L, and a KCl concentration of 0.04 mol / L.
4. A simulation method for salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1, the geometric body is a cylinder or a cuboid.
5. The method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the outer edge of the absorbent sponge (6) in contact with the soil cultural relic simulation sample (1) is coated with paraffin.
6. The method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the soil cultural relic simulation sample (1) is a rectangular parallelepiped.
7. A method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, the upper surface of the mixed salt solution (5) is lower than the bottom of the soil cultural relic simulation sample (1).
8. The method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 25°C.
9. The method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity chamber is 30-35%.
10. The method for simulating salt erosion of soil cultural relics according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, store in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 12 to 24 hours.