Shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device and measurement method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a shallow lake spectrum in-situ measuring device and method.The measuring device comprises a shell and a water passing gate module, and a vertical range finder, an adjustable carrying support, a fixed carrying support and a communication module are arranged at the top of the shell; the adjustable carrying support and the fixed carrying support are used for carrying a light source and a spectrograph respectively, a water passing opening is vertically formed in the middle of the side wall of the shell, the water passing gate module comprises a light insulation baffle and a traction ring, the light insulation baffle is arranged on the side wall of the shell in a sliding mode and corresponds to the water passing opening, and the traction ring is installed at the top of the light insulation baffle. And a signal trigger is arranged on the side wall, close to the top of the water passing opening, of the shell body, and the signal trigger is arranged on the side wall, close to the top of the water passing opening, of the shell body. According to the invention, full-automatic spectral measurement is realized, and the in-situ characteristic of on-site acquisition and the illumination stability of darkroom acquisition are both realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment monitoring, and in particular relates to an in-situ measurement device and a measurement method for a shallow lake spectrum. Background Art

[0002] As global water environment problems become increasingly prominent, the demand for monitoring aquatic ecosystems has increased significantly. Shallow lakes, as important ecological resources, not only provide necessary water sources for humans and organisms, but also play an important role in regulating climate and maintaining biodiversity. In water environment monitoring, spectral measurement has become a key analytical method because it can quickly and non-destructively detect the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water bodies. However, the existing water spectral acquisition methods have certain limitations in practice. For example, the invention patent with application number CN201810710223.5 provides a method for quantitative inversion of hyperspectral water quality parameters based on spectral morphological characteristics. This method performs on-site spectral measurement at the water sample collection point to obtain spectral measurement data for analysis. This method relies on sunlight as a light source to perform in-situ spectral acquisition of water bodies. However, sunlight is easily affected by factors such as weather, sunshine angle, and climatic conditions, resulting in unstable light intensity. Therefore, it is difficult for the on-site acquisition method to achieve stable all-weather monitoring on cloudy days, at night, or when there are strong winds and waves. In addition, wind and waves will disturb the surface of the water body, affecting the quality of the measurement signal, thereby reducing the accuracy and consistency of the data. The invention patent with application number CN202110915573.7 provides a water quality measurement device and method using a multi-spectral sensor. This method uses darkroom measurement spectroscopy. By collecting water samples in the laboratory and simulating lighting conditions with artificial light sources, multi-wavelength spectral measurement is achieved. Although this method can avoid the influence of climate in the natural environment and the experimental light source is relatively stable, the water samples may undergo changes in physical and chemical properties during collection, transfer and experimental operation, making it difficult to truly reflect the in-situ state of the sampling point. Therefore, the existing in-situ dynamic monitoring of water bodies has the above limitations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide a fully automated in-situ measurement device and method for shallow lake spectra that has both the in-situ characteristics of field collection and the illumination stability of darkroom collection.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an in-situ spectral measurement device for a shallow lake, the measurement device comprising a shell and a water gate module, a vertical rangefinder, an adjustable mounting bracket, a fixed mounting bracket and a communication module are arranged on the top of the shell, the adjustable mounting bracket is used to carry a light source, the fixed mounting bracket is used to carry a spectrometer, a water outlet is vertically opened in the middle of the side wall of the shell, the water gate module comprises a light-isolating baffle and a traction ring, the light-isolating baffle is slidably arranged on the side wall of the shell, and the light-isolating baffle is arranged corresponding to the water outlet, the traction ring is installed on the top of the light-isolating baffle, and is used to drive the light-isolating baffle to float up and down along the water outlet when the light-isolating baffle floats up and down with the water level; a signal trigger is arranged on the side wall of the shell near the top of the water outlet, the signal input end of the communication module is connected to the signal trigger and the signal output end of the vertical rangefinder, and the signal output end of the communication module is connected to the signal input end of the vertical rangefinder and the adjustable mounting bracket;

[0006] The signal trigger is used to be triggered when the light-isolating baffle floats upward along the water outlet until it contacts the signal trigger;

[0007] The communication module is used to control the vertical rangefinder to detect the distance between the top of the shell and the water surface after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger, and then control the adjustable mounting bracket to adjust the illumination angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder, and finally start the spectrometer and the light source to perform spectral measurement.

[0008] The adjustable mounting bracket includes a first support column, a rotating shaft, an adjustment mechanism, and a mounting plate. The first support column is installed on the top of the shell. The rotating shaft is rotatably set on the first support column. The rotating shaft is set horizontally. The mounting plate is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft. A fixing clamp is set on the mounting plate. The fixing clamp is used to install the light source. The adjustment mechanism is installed on the top of the rotating shaft. The adjustment mechanism is used to rotate the rotating shaft to adjust the illumination angle of the light source.

[0009] The fixed mounting bracket includes a second support column and a mounting plate, wherein the second support column is mounted on the top of the shell, the mounting plate is mounted on the second support column, and a fixing fixture is arranged on the mounting plate, and the fixing fixture is used to install the spectrometer.

[0010] An adsorption device is also provided on the side wall of the shell near the top of the water outlet, and the adsorption device includes an electromagnetic adsorption block and a control circuit component. The signal input end of the control circuit component is connected to the signal output end of the communication module. After receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger, the communication module sends a power-on signal to the control circuit component. The control circuit component is used to control the electromagnetic adsorption block to be energized after receiving the power-on signal. The electromagnetic adsorption block is used to generate a magnetic field when energized so as to adsorb to the metal insert arranged inside the traction ring.

[0011] The measuring device also includes a power supply device, which is used to supply power to a signal trigger, a vertical rangefinder, an adjustable mounting bracket spectrometer, a light source, an adsorption device, and a communication module.

[0012] The measuring device also includes a satellite positioning signal receiver, a signal output end of the satellite positioning signal receiver is connected to the signal input end of the communication module, the satellite positioning signal receiver is used to receive the satellite positioning signal and send it to the communication module, and the communication module is also used to send the spectral measurement data received from the spectrometer and the satellite positioning signal received from the satellite positioning signal receiver to the user terminal.

[0013] The adjustable mounting bracket and the vertical rangefinder are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed mounting bracket.

[0014] The shell is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the bottom, and the surface of the shell is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for in-situ measurement of a shallow lake spectrum, the method comprising:

[0016] S1. Place the entire measuring device into the water body of the target area of ​​the lake. As the water enters the shell, the water level inside the shell rises, and the light-isolating baffle floats upward along the water outlet until it contacts the signal trigger. The signal trigger is triggered and sends a trigger signal to the communication module.

[0017] S2, after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger, the communication module controls the vertical rangefinder to detect the distance between the top of the shell and the water surface, and then controls the adjustable mounting bracket to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder;

[0018] S3, the communication module (7) controls the spectrometer and the light source to start spectrum measurement and obtain spectrum measurement data.

[0019] The adjustment formula of the irradiation angle is:

[0020] θ = arctan(d / h);

[0021] In the above formula, θ is the irradiation angle; h represents the vertical distance between the top of the shell and the water surface measured by the vertical rangefinder; and d is the horizontal distance between the adjustable mounting bracket and the fixed mounting bracket.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device described in the present invention comprises a shell and a water-passing gate module. A vertical rangefinder, an adjustable mounting bracket, a fixed mounting bracket and a communication module are arranged on the top of the shell. The adjustable mounting bracket and the fixed mounting bracket are used to carry a light source and a spectrometer respectively. A water outlet is vertically opened in the middle of the side wall of the shell. The water-passing gate module comprises a light-isolating baffle and a traction ring. The light-isolating baffle is slidably arranged on the side wall of the shell, and the light-isolating baffle is arranged corresponding to the water outlet. The traction ring is installed on the top of the light-isolating baffle, and is used to drive the light-isolating baffle to float up and down along the water outlet when the light-isolating baffle floats up and down with the water level. A signal trigger is arranged on the side wall of the shell near the top of the water outlet. The signal input end of the communication module is connected to the signal trigger and the signal output end of the vertical rangefinder, and the signal output end of the communication module is connected to the signal input end of the vertical rangefinder and the adjustable mounting bracket. When measuring, the entire measuring device is placed in the lake. In the water body of the target mooring area, as water enters the interior of the shell, the water level inside the shell rises, and the light-isolating baffle floats upward along the water outlet until it contacts the signal trigger, so that the signal trigger is triggered, and the trigger signal is sent to the communication module. After the communication module receives the trigger signal from the signal trigger, it first controls the vertical rangefinder to detect the distance between the top of the shell and the water surface, and then controls the adjustable mounting bracket to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the ranging result of the vertical rangefinder, and finally starts the spectrometer and the light source to perform spectral measurement, and obtains spectral measurement data for subsequent analysis and detection; the above design allows water to flow freely in and out when the water level is low by setting a water gate module on the shell, and forms a closed darkroom environment when the water level reaches a certain height, ensuring that the spectral measurement is not disturbed by external weather factors, ensuring the stability of light during the measurement process, and being able to obtain the spectral characteristic data of the water body in real time and dynamically. Therefore, the present invention realizes fully automatic spectral measurement, and has both the in-situ characteristics of field collection and the light stability of darkroom collection.

[0024] 2. The shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device described in the present invention can adjust the irradiation angle of the light source through the adjustable mounting bracket based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder, ensure that the light source evenly irradiates the water body, ensure that the spectrometer can achieve the best observation effect, and thus ensure high measurement accuracy. Therefore, the present invention can ensure high measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable mounting bracket.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed mounting bracket.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adsorption device.

[0029] In the above figure, the shell 1, the water outlet 11, the signal trigger 12, the vertical rangefinder 2, the adsorption device 3, the electromagnetic adsorption block 31, the control circuit component 32, the protective shell 33, the power supply device 4, the adjustable mounting bracket 5, the first support column 51, the rotating shaft 52, the adjustment mechanism 53, the mounting plate 54, the fixing fixture 55, the fixed mounting bracket 6, the second support column 61, the mounting plate 62, the fixing fixture 63, the communication module 7, the water gate module 8, the light isolation baffle 81, the traction ring 82, and the satellite positioning signal receiver 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementations and drawings.

[0031] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, a shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device comprises a shell 1, a water gate module 8, a vertical rangefinder 2, an adjustable mounting bracket 5, a fixed mounting bracket 6, and a communication module 7 are arranged on the top of the shell 1, the adjustable mounting bracket 5 is used to carry the light source, the fixed mounting bracket 6 is used to carry the spectrometer, a water outlet 11 is vertically opened in the middle of the side wall of the shell 1, the water gate module 8 comprises a light-isolating baffle 81 and a traction ring 82, the light-isolating baffle 81 is slidably arranged on the side wall of the shell 1, and the light-isolating baffle 81 is arranged corresponding to the water outlet 11, the traction ring 82 is installed on the top of the light-isolating baffle 81, and is used to drive the light-isolating baffle 81 to float up and down along the water outlet 11 when it floats up and down with the water level; a signal trigger 12 is arranged on the side wall of the shell 1 near the top of the water outlet 11, the signal input end of the communication module 7 is connected to the signal trigger 12 and the signal output end of the vertical rangefinder 2, and the signal output end of the communication module 7 is connected to the signal input end of the vertical rangefinder 2 and the adjustable mounting bracket 5.

[0032] The working principle of the above-mentioned measuring device is as follows: the entire measuring device is placed in the water body of the target area of ​​the lake. As the water enters the shell 1, the water level inside the shell 1 rises, and the light-isolating baffle 81 floats upward along the water outlet 11 until it contacts the signal trigger 12. The signal trigger 12 is triggered and sends the trigger signal to the communication module 7; after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger 12, the communication module 7 controls the vertical rangefinder 2 to detect the distance between the top of the shell 1 and the water surface, and then controls the adjustable mounting bracket 5 to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder 2. After the angle is adjusted, the spectrometer and the light source are started to perform spectral measurement, and finally the spectral measurement data is transmitted to the user end.

[0033] Compared with the existing lake spectrum measurement device, the above-mentioned measurement device can measure the in-situ spectrum around the clock, overcoming the dependence of traditional devices on natural light. In addition, since the spectral data is measured directly in situ in the lake, there is no need to bring the water sample back to the laboratory, which effectively avoids changes in the water sample during transportation and storage, and ensures the authenticity and reliability of the measurement data. In addition, the water gate module 8 utilizes the natural rise and fall of the water level to create a dark chamber, that is, the buoyancy of the water is used to automatically push the light-isolating baffle 81 upward to a closed state to form a dark chamber. When the water level drops, the light-isolating baffle 81 naturally falls back, and no additional motor drive is required, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the control system, reduces the energy consumption and maintenance requirements of the equipment, and also improves the reliability and environmental adaptability of the system.

[0034] Specifically, the light-isolating baffle 81 is made of a corrosion-resistant, high-strength, light-proof material with a density lower than that of water. The light-isolating baffle 81 is designed to slide up and down along the side wall of the shell 1 using a slide rail and a guide block, thereby controlling the in and out of water flow; the traction ring 82 is fixed to the top of the light-isolating baffle 81, and is made of a high-strength and light-proof material with high buoyancy. It can float up and down with changes in the water level, thereby driving the light-isolating baffle 81 to slide up and down; this design takes into account the characteristics of water level fluctuations. When the water level rises, the traction ring 82 guides the light-isolating baffle 81 to slide upward until it slides to the top of the water port 11, closing the water port 11, so that a closed darkroom is formed inside the shell 1, effectively preventing external light from entering, thereby ensuring the accuracy of spectral measurement. The signal trigger 12 is arranged near the top of the water inlet 11, and its main function is to monitor whether the water inlet 11 is closed. When the water level rises, the traction ring 82 guides the light-isolating baffle 81 to slide upward until the water inlet 11 is closed, and the signal trigger 12 is triggered and triggers a signal to the communication module 7. The communication module 7 starts the spectral measurement task after receiving the trigger signal.

[0035] The above-mentioned measuring device can be equipped with a suitable type of spectrometer to meet the spectral monitoring needs of lake waters with different turbidities. For highly eutrophic lakes, due to the high content of suspended matter, organic matter and algae in the water, a spectrometer adapted to high turbidity waters can be installed, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy and reducing interference. For medium and low eutrophic lakes, a spectrometer adapted to lower turbidity waters can be installed, thereby achieving high-sensitivity measurement of lower turbidity waters. By replacing the spectrometer configuration scheme, the applicability and versatility of the measuring device in different water environments are ensured, thereby providing technical support for the fine monitoring of shallow lake ecosystems.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 2, the adjustable mounting bracket 5 includes a first support column 51, a rotating shaft 52, an adjusting mechanism 53, and a mounting plate 54. The first support column 51 is installed on the top of the housing 1, and the rotating shaft 52 is rotatably arranged on the first support column 51. The rotating shaft 52 is arranged horizontally, and the mounting plate 54 is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft 52. A fixing fixture 55 is arranged on the mounting plate 54, and the fixing fixture 55 is used to install the light source. The adjusting mechanism 53 is installed on the top of the rotating shaft 52, and the adjusting mechanism 53 is used to rotate the rotating shaft 52 to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source. By adjusting the irradiation angle of the light source to a suitable angle, it is ensured that the light source evenly irradiates the water body, and it is ensured that the spectrometer can achieve the best observation effect, thereby ensuring high measurement accuracy. As an implementation method, the adjusting mechanism 53 can use a rotary cylinder or a linear motor, and the signal input end of the adjusting mechanism 53 is connected to the signal output end of the communication module 7. Since the spectrum is generally measured in the field between 9:00 and 11:00 in the morning and between 1:00 and 3:00 in the afternoon, when the solar altitude angle is 45° to 70°, in order to simulate sunlight, the light source irradiation angle is controlled within the range of 20° to 45°. The angle control can be achieved by providing limiters on both sides of the rotating shaft 52.

[0037] In another embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 3 The fixed mounting bracket 6 includes a second support column 61 and a mounting plate 62. The second support column 61 is mounted on the top of the shell 1. The mounting plate 62 is mounted on the second support column 61. A fixing fixture 63 is provided on the mounting plate 62. The fixing fixture 63 is used to install a spectrometer. The spectrometer always illuminates the water surface vertically.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 4A suction device 3 is also provided on the side wall of the shell 1 near the top of the water outlet 11. The suction device 3 includes a protective shell 33 and an electromagnetic suction block 31 and a control circuit assembly 32 encapsulated inside the protective shell 33. The protective shell 33 is made of waterproof and corrosion-resistant materials. The signal input end of the control circuit assembly 32 is connected to the signal output end of the communication module 7. The communication module 7 is also used to send a power-on signal to the control circuit assembly 32 after receiving a trigger signal from the signal trigger 12. The control circuit assembly 32 is used to control the electromagnetic suction block 31 to be powered on after receiving the power-on signal. The electromagnetic suction block 31 is used to generate a magnetic field when powered on to adsorb with the metal insert provided inside the traction ring 82 to ensure that the light-isolating baffle 81 can stably close the water outlet 11 and prevent the light-isolating baffle 81 from sliding due to wind and waves or water flow disturbances. After the spectral measurement is completed, the communication module 7 generates a power-off signal to the control circuit component 32. After receiving the power-off signal, the control circuit component 32 controls the electromagnetic adsorption block 31 to cut off the power. This safety release mechanism ensures that the light-isolating baffle 81 can resume normal movement after the spectral measurement is completed, so as to carry out the next measurement. There is no need for a mechanical reset device, and the water outlet 11 can be restored to the open state by relying on the gravity of the light-isolating baffle 81 and the water flow.

[0039] Specifically, the communication module 7 is also used to receive measurement instructions from the user end, such as setting a timed measurement (once every 4 hours), so as to achieve precise control and flexible measurement, and improve the automation level of the measurement device.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device further includes a power supply device 4, which is used to supply power to the signal trigger 12, the vertical rangefinder 2, the adjustable mounting bracket 5, the fixed mounting bracket 6, the adsorption device 3, the communication module 7, the spectrometer, and the light source. The power supply device 4 provides stable power support for the entire measuring device to ensure the normal operation of the light source and the spectrometer. The power supply device 4 can be equipped with a solar panel, which can supplement the power supply device 4 with solar energy during the day, further extending the use time of the measuring device and enhancing its autonomy and stability in outdoor monitoring.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, the measuring device also includes a satellite positioning signal receiver 9, the signal output end of the satellite positioning signal receiver 9 is connected to the signal input end of the communication module 7, the satellite positioning signal receiver 9 is used to receive the satellite positioning signal and send it to the communication module 7, and the communication module 7 is also used to send the spectral measurement data received from the spectrometer and the satellite positioning signal received from the satellite positioning signal receiver 9 to the user terminal.

[0042] Specifically, the satellite positioning signal receiver 9 is encapsulated with corrosion-resistant and anti-interference packaging materials, which is suitable for long-term use in a humid environment to ensure the stability of signal reception. The communication module 7 includes a highly sensitive signal processor and a wireless transmission module, which can achieve stable signal transmission, and can ensure that the data is not interfered with and transmitted to the user end intact even at a long distance. The user end supports real-time storage and viewing of data, and the user can call historical data for analysis and management at any time, meeting the needs of long-term monitoring and research of lake water spectra.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, the adjustable mounting bracket 5 and the vertical rangefinder 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed mounting bracket 6 .

[0044] In another embodiment of the present invention, the shell 1 is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the bottom, and the surface of the shell 1 is coated with an anti-corrosion coating to adapt to the long-term immersion environment in the lake, thereby ensuring the durability and stability of the structure. The bottom of the shell 1 can be firmly fixed to the bottom of the lake by anchoring or an adjustable base, so as to adapt to the water depth and water flow conditions of different lakes, so that the device can remain stable in the water fluctuations. The top of the shell 1 can be provided with a load-bearing device, which can not only be used to carry other functional components, but also has a shock-absorbing function to buffer the vibration caused by water flow or wind and waves, and ensure the accuracy and stability of the device during the measurement process.

[0045] The present invention also provides a method for in-situ measurement of shallow lake spectra, which is carried out in the following steps:

[0046] S1, placing the entire measuring device into the water body of the target area of ​​the lake, as the water enters the shell 1, the water level inside the shell 1 rises, and the light-isolating baffle 81 floats upward along the water opening 11 until it contacts the signal trigger 12, and the signal trigger 12 is triggered, sending a trigger signal to the communication module 7;

[0047] S2, after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger 12, the communication module 7 controls the vertical rangefinder 2 to detect the distance between the top of the housing 1 and the water surface, and then controls the adjustable mounting bracket 5 to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder 2; the irradiation angle is calculated according to the following formula:

[0048] θ = arctan(d / h);

[0049] In the above formula, θ is the irradiation angle; h represents the vertical distance between the top of the housing 1 and the water surface measured by the vertical rangefinder 2; d is the horizontal distance between the adjustable mounting bracket 5 and the fixed mounting bracket 6;

[0050] S3. The communication module 7 controls the spectrometer and the light source to start spectrum measurement to obtain spectrum measurement data for water quality analysis.

[0051] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device, characterized by: The measuring device comprises a housing (1) and a water gate module (8); a vertical rangefinder (2), an adjustable mounting bracket (5), a fixed mounting bracket (6), and a communication module (7) are arranged on the top of the housing (1); the adjustable mounting bracket (5) is used to carry a light source; the fixed mounting bracket (6) is used to carry a spectrometer; a water opening (11) is vertically opened in the middle of a side wall of the housing (1); the water gate module (8) comprises a light-isolating baffle (81) and a traction ring (82); the light-isolating baffle (81) is slidably arranged on the side wall of the housing (1); and the light-isolating baffle (81) is arranged to be movable on the side wall of the housing (1). 81) is arranged corresponding to the water outlet (11), the traction ring (82) is installed on the top of the light-isolating baffle (81), and is used to drive the light-isolating baffle (81) to float up and down along the water outlet (11) when the traction ring (82) floats up and down with the water level; a signal trigger (12) is arranged on the side wall of the shell (1) near the top of the water outlet (11), the signal input end of the communication module (7) is connected to the signal trigger (12) and the signal output end of the vertical distance meter (2), and the signal output end of the communication module (7) is connected to the signal input end of the vertical distance meter (2) and the adjustable mounting bracket (5); The signal trigger (12) is used to be triggered when the light-isolating baffle (81) floats upward along the water passage (11) until it contacts the signal trigger (12); The communication module (7) is used to control the vertical rangefinder (2) to detect the distance between the top of the shell (1) and the water surface after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger (12), and then control the adjustable mounting bracket (5) to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical rangefinder (2), and finally start the spectrometer and the light source to perform spectral measurement.

2. The shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable mounting bracket (5) comprises a first support column (51), a rotating shaft (52), an adjusting mechanism (53), and a mounting plate (54); the first support column (51) is mounted on the top of the housing (1); the rotating shaft (52) is rotatably arranged on the first support column (51); the rotating shaft (52) is arranged horizontally; the mounting plate (54) is mounted at the bottom of the rotating shaft (52); a fixing fixture (55) is arranged on the mounting plate (54); the fixing fixture (55) is used to install a light source; the adjusting mechanism (53) is mounted on the top of the rotating shaft (52); the adjusting mechanism (53) is used to rotate the rotating shaft (52) to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source.

3. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fixed mounting bracket (6) comprises a second supporting column (61) and a mounting plate (62), wherein the second supporting column (61) is mounted on the top of the housing (1), and the mounting plate (62) is mounted on the second supporting column (61), and a fixing fixture (63) is provided on the mounting plate (62), and the fixing fixture (63) is used to install the spectrometer.

4. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A suction device (3) is also provided on the side wall of the shell (1) near the top of the water outlet (11), and the suction device (3) comprises an electromagnetic suction block (31) and a control circuit component (32). The signal input end of the control circuit component (32) is connected to the signal output end of the communication module (7). The communication module (7) is also used to send a power-on signal to the control circuit component (32) after receiving a trigger signal from the signal trigger (12). The control circuit component (32) is used to control the electromagnetic suction block (31) to be powered on after receiving the power-on signal. The electromagnetic suction block (31) is used to generate a magnetic field when powered on so as to be attracted to a metal insert provided inside the traction ring (82).

5. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The measuring device further comprises a power supply device (4), wherein the power supply device (4) is used to supply power to a signal trigger (12), a vertical rangefinder (2), an adjustable mounting bracket (5), an adsorption device (3), a communication module (7), a spectrometer, and a light source.

6. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The measuring device further comprises a satellite positioning signal receiver (9), a signal output end of the satellite positioning signal receiver (9) being connected to a signal input end of the communication module (7), the satellite positioning signal receiver (9) being used to receive a satellite positioning signal and send it to the communication module (7), and the communication module (7) being further used to send the spectral measurement data received from the spectrometer and the satellite positioning signal received from the satellite positioning signal receiver (9) to a user terminal.

7. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The adjustable mounting bracket (5) and the vertical distance meter (2) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed mounting bracket (6).

8. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shell (1) is a hollow cylinder with an opening at the bottom, and the surface of the shell (1) is coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

9. A shallow lake spectrum in-situ measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The measuring method comprises: S1, placing the entire measuring device into a water body in a target area of ​​a lake, as water enters the housing (1), the water level inside the housing (1) rises, and the light-isolating baffle (81) floats upward along the water outlet (11) until it contacts the signal trigger (12), and the signal trigger (12) is triggered, sending a trigger signal to the communication module (7); S2, after receiving the trigger signal from the signal trigger (12), the communication module (7) controls the vertical distance meter (2) to detect the distance between the top of the shell (1) and the water surface, and then controls the adjustable mounting bracket (5) to adjust the irradiation angle of the light source based on the distance measurement result of the vertical distance meter (2); S3, the communication module (7) controls the spectrometer and the light source to start spectrum measurement and obtain spectrum measurement data.

10. The method for in-situ measurement of shallow lake spectra according to claim 9, characterized in that: The adjustment formula of the irradiation angle is: θ = arctan(d / h); In the above formula, θ is the irradiation angle; h represents the vertical distance between the top of the shell (1) and the water surface measured by the vertical rangefinder (2); and d is the horizontal distance between the adjustable mounting bracket (5) and the fixed mounting bracket (6).

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