Optimization design and operation method of negative carbon ecological light storage straight flexible building

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimal design and operation method of a negative-carbon ecological light-storage direct-flexible building. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a negative-carbon ecological light-storage direct-flexible building model structure; s2, according to the constructed negative carbon ecological light-storage direct-flexible building model structure, analyzing a zero carbon factor, a carbon increasing factor and a carbon reducing factor of the negative carbon ecological light-storage direct-flexible building in the operation process; s3, according to the fact that the carbon emission of the whole building is smaller than 0, an overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological light storage direct-flexible building is defined; s4, defining constraint conditions; s5, defining decision variables; and S6, using a solver to solve the configuration and operation scheme of the negative carbon ecological light storage direct flexible building. According to the invention, through comprehensive optimization utilization of the carbon-increasing energy supply module, the zero-carbon energy supply module and the carbon-reducing module, and through the carbon sequestration capability of green plants, the negative carbonization optimization design and operation method of the whole building is finally realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving buildings, and specifically relates to an optimization design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the concepts of near-zero-carbon buildings and zero-carbon buildings have emerged one after another, but buildings still generate a lot of carbon emissions during construction and production. In order to achieve zero-carbon operation of buildings throughout their life cycle, it is far from enough to study zero carbon only during the operation of buildings. Therefore, this invention proposes the concept of negative-carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible buildings. In addition to conventional solar-storage direct-flexible buildings, negative-carbon buildings with green plants usually have better environmental adaptability, can adapt to the impact of climate change, provide buildings with thermal insulation capabilities, and reduce building energy consumption.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly focus on the optimized operation and design of PV-storage direct-flexible buildings, and do not introduce the concepts of "negative carbon buildings" and "ecological green plants". During operation, PV-storage direct-flexible buildings still need to be powered by city electricity. Through the supplement and optimization of photovoltaic power generation, the concept of near-zero carbon and zero carbon can be achieved as much as possible, but it is difficult to achieve "negative carbon".

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an optimized design and operation method for a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building, give full play to the carbon sink function of plants, integrate plant landscape design with architecture, which can further offset carbon emissions for buildings, greatly improve carbon reduction effects, and thus achieve "negative carbon". Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an optimized design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage and direct flexible building, which integrates green plants, photovoltaic storage and direct flexible building and waste resource recycling to help buildings achieve negative carbonization.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an optimization design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Construct a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building model structure;

[0008] S2: Based on the constructed negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building model, analyze the zero-carbon factors, carbon-raising factors and carbon-reducing factors of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building during operation;

[0009] S3: Based on the overall building carbon emissions being less than 0, define the overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building;

[0010] S4: define constraints, including electricity supply and demand balance requirements, gas supply and demand balance requirements, green plant area constraints, green plant height constraints, and photovoltaic area constraints;

[0011] S5: Define decision variables, including gas supply from gas companies, power supply from power companies, capacity of energy storage batteries and bidirectional charging piles, charging and discharging timing characteristics, overall carbon emissions of buildings, area and height of green plants on the roof, area and height of green plants on the facade, photovoltaic area on the facade, and photovoltaic area on the roof;

[0012] S6: Use the solver to solve the operation plan of the negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible building, including the solved gas consumption period inside the building, the adjustment curve of the electricity load, the operation mode of the solar air conditioning, the photovoltaic laying area, the area and height of the green plants, and the volume of the biogas storage tank.

[0013] As a preferred implementation, in step S1, the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building model structure includes:

[0014] An external carbon-raising energy supply module, the external carbon-raising energy supply module is used to provide external energy to the building;

[0015] An internal zero-carbon energy supply module, wherein the internal zero-carbon energy supply module is used to provide internal energy to the building;

[0016] A carbon reduction module, wherein the carbon reduction module is used to reduce carbon emissions of a building;

[0017] A flexible DC regulation module is used to regulate the conversion and transmission of electric energy.

[0018] As a preferred implementation, the external carbon-raising energy supply module includes power supply from the grid and power supply from a gas company;

[0019] The internal zero-carbon energy supply module includes top photovoltaic, facade photovoltaic, solar air conditioning, anaerobic process treatment system for food waste and biogas storage tank;

[0020] The carbon reduction module includes top green plants and facade green plants;

[0021] The flexible DC regulation module includes an energy storage battery and a bidirectional charging pile.

[0022] As a preferred implementation, in step S2, the zero-carbon factors include photovoltaic power generation, the solar air conditioner started by solar energy, and the biogas generated by the anaerobic process treatment system for food waste;

[0023] Carbon-raising factors include the amount of non-clean electricity supplied by the power grid and the amount of natural gas supplied by gas companies;

[0024] Carbon reduction factors include carbon fixation by plants, carbon reduction due to the insulation effect of green plants, photovoltaic power generation, and anaerobic treatment of food waste.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the plant carbon fixation amount is calculated by the following formula:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, C plant is the carbon fixation of green plants (kg), A j is the planting area of ​​green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), H j is the planting height of green plant j (m), is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the height of the top green plant j (m), C Pi is the carbon sequestration amount of greening planting method (kg / m 3 ).

[0030] As a preferred implementation, the carbon reduction amount of the green plant insulation effect is calculated by the following formula:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, Carbon reduction for green plants’ heat insulation effect (kg); The amount of natural gas that can be saved by solar air conditioning (m 3 ); is the height of the top green plant j (m); is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), α q (m 2 ) and α w (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, β e (m 2 ) and β r (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, γ t(m) and γ y (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters are and They are The polynomial fitting parameters of .

[0034] As a preferred implementation, in step S3, the overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building is defined as:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, is the total carbon emission of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C ene is the total carbon emission of negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C plant is the carbon sequestration amount of green plants (kg), Carbon reduction due to the heat insulation effect of green plants (kg).

[0037] As a preferred implementation, in step S4, the green plant area constraint satisfies: the sum of the top green plant area Cannot exceed the total top surface area A roof , the sum of the green areas on the facades Cannot exceed the total wall area A wall 1 / 3 of

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, is the sum of the green plant areas on the top surface, A roof is the total top surface area (m 2 ), is the sum of the green areas on the facade, A wall is the total wall area (m 2 );

[0041] The green plant height constraints also meet: the maximum height of the top green plant j The maximum thickness of the wall greenery should not exceed 1m. Should not exceed 0.2m.

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, is the maximum height of the top green plant j (m); is the maximum thickness of wall green plant j (m);

[0045] The photovoltaic area constraints are satisfied at the same time: when the photovoltaic laying area on the top surface The sum of green areas If there is a conflict, at least 1 / 3 of the roof area should be reserved for other equipment; the facade photovoltaic area Should be smaller than the area of ​​the building window A win ;

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, is the paving area of ​​the top photovoltaic (m 2 ), is the sum of green plant areas (m 2 ), is the photovoltaic area of ​​the facade (m 2 ), A win is the area of ​​the building windows (m 2 ).

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] First, compared with the existing solar-storage direct-flexible buildings, the present invention introduces negative carbon technologies such as green plants and kitchen waste treatment, which can further realize negative carbon buildings based on solar-storage direct-flexible buildings.

[0051] Secondly, compared with the existing optimization operation strategy technology, the present invention studies the comprehensive optimization utilization of three parts: carbon-raising energy supply module, zero-carbon energy supply module, and carbon reduction module, and ultimately achieves the "negative carbonization" of the entire building through the carbon fixation ability of green plants.

[0052] Thirdly, the external carbon-raising energy supply module of the present invention is powered by the power grid and gas to make up for the energy gap when the internal zero-carbon energy supply is insufficient, provide reliable energy guarantee for building operation, improve system stability, maintain the continuity and safety of building operation, and ensure the effective implementation of the carbon emission optimization plan.

[0053] Fourthly, the internal zero-carbon energy supply module of the present invention integrates roof photovoltaics, facade photovoltaics, solar air conditioning and anaerobic treatment systems to provide clean renewable energy. Anaerobic treatment of food waste produces biogas, realizes the recycling of waste resources, reduces fossil energy consumption, and significantly reduces carbon emissions during building operation.

[0054] Fifthly, the carbon reduction module of the present invention introduces green plants on the top and facades, and achieves carbon emission offset through the dual effects of plant carbon fixation and heat insulation and carbon reduction. The design of the green plant landscape improves the environmental adaptability of the building, improves the ecological benefits of the building, reduces energy consumption, and provides important support for the realization of negative carbon buildings.

[0055] Sixth, the flexible DC regulation module of the present invention realizes flexible conversion and scheduling of electric energy through energy storage batteries and bidirectional charging piles, improves the operating efficiency of the power system, adapts to fluctuating energy demands, smoothes fluctuations in electricity consumption within the building, reduces pressure on the external power supply system, improves the utilization rate of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic power generation), and promotes intelligent management of building energy systems.

[0056] Seventh, the present invention defines and quantifies zero-carbon, carbon-raising and carbon-reducing factors, which helps to clarify the role and contribution of each module, provides a scientific basis for building operation optimization, ensures the transparency of carbon emission paths, can accurately assess the carbon emission levels of buildings, and ultimately achieve negative carbon operation.

[0057] Eighth, the present invention defines the overall carbon emission objective function, clarifies the design goals of negative carbon buildings by calculating the increase and decrease balance of carbon emissions, emphasizes the importance of green plant carbon fixation and thermal insulation carbon reduction, and the objective function provides a quantitative basis for system optimization to ensure that the optimization results are scientific and operational.

[0058] Ninth, the present invention innovatively proposes a method for calculating the carbon sequestration of green plants. This method comprehensively considers the area and height of the green plants, while the existing method only considers the planting area of ​​the green plants. Compared with the existing technology, the factors considered are more comprehensive, and it is also convenient to select green plants according to the optimized green plant area and height.

[0059] Tenth, the present invention innovatively proposes a method for calculating the carbon reduction of the thermal insulation effect of green plants using polynomial fitting. The prior art usually requires complex methods such as modeling calculations, while the calculation of this method is simpler and more reasonable.

[0060] Eleventh, the constraints defined in the present invention involve constraints on energy supply and demand, green plant area, height, photovoltaic layout, etc., to ensure the feasibility of the optimized design. Through reasonable constraints, the layout of green plants and photovoltaics is optimized to improve the utilization efficiency of roof and wall resources.

[0061] Twelve, the decision variables defined in the present invention cover multiple key variables such as gas, electricity, energy storage, photovoltaics, and green plants. It comprehensively considers all aspects of building operation, balances the functional requirements of the building and the carbon emission reduction goals, and ensures that the comprehensive benefits of the operation plan are maximized.

[0062] Thirteenth, the present invention generates a specific plan for building operation through optimization algorithm, including energy supply, green plant arrangement and photovoltaic laying, etc., and provides an operational operation adjustment curve to adapt to different environmental conditions and user needs.

[0063] In summary, by comprehensively optimizing the design and operation of negative-carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible buildings, the present invention achieves good synergistic effects in terms of carbon emissions, energy utilization, and ecological value, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the construction industry's carbon reduction goals and negative-carbon future. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 A flow chart of the optimized design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building structure;

[0066] Figure 3 A comparison of the gas consumption of solar air conditioning before and after planting green plants for a building;

[0067] In the figure: external carbon-raising energy supply module 1, grid power supply 11, gas company power supply 12, internal zero-carbon energy supply module 2, roof photovoltaic 21, facade photovoltaic 22, solar air conditioning 23, anaerobic process treatment system for food waste 24, biogas storage tank 25, carbon reduction module 3, roof green plants 31, facade green plants 32, flexible DC regulation module 4, energy storage battery 41, and bidirectional charging pile 42. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention, and is only used as an example. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand by explaining.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the optimization design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0070] S1: Construct a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building model structure; Figure 2As shown, the negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible building model structure includes: an external carbon-raising energy supply module 1, which is used to provide external energy to the building; an internal zero-carbon energy supply module 2, which is used to provide internal energy to the building; a carbon reduction module 3, which is used to reduce the carbon emissions of the building; a flexible DC regulation module 4, which is used to regulate the conversion and transmission of electric energy. In this embodiment, the external carbon-raising energy supply module 1 includes power supply from the power grid 11 and power supply from the gas company 12; the internal zero-carbon energy supply module 2 includes a top photovoltaic 21, a facade photovoltaic 22, a solar air conditioner 23, an anaerobic process treatment system for food waste 24, and a biogas storage tank 25; the carbon reduction module 3 includes top green plants 31 and facade green plants 32; the flexible DC regulation module 4 includes a storage battery 41 and a bidirectional charging pile 42.

[0071] The carbon-negative ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible building structure constructed by the present invention should be equipped with photovoltaic panels on the roof of the building, photovoltaic windows that can generate electricity should be installed on the south facade of the building, green plants should be planted on the roof and facade walls, bidirectional charging piles that can be charged and discharged and energy storage batteries that can be charged and discharged should be installed, and there should be an anaerobic process treatment system for kitchen waste and solar air conditioning. Compared with the existing photovoltaic storage direct flexible building, the present invention introduces negative carbon technologies such as green plants and kitchen waste treatment, and can further realize negative carbon buildings on the basis of photovoltaic storage direct flexible buildings.

[0072] S2: According to the constructed negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building model structure, analyze the zero-carbon factors, carbon-raising factors and carbon-reducing factors of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building during operation;

[0073] Among them, the zero-carbon factors mainly include photovoltaic power generation, the part of solar air conditioning that uses solar energy to start, and the biogas produced by the anaerobic process treatment system for food waste.

[0074] Carbon emission factors mainly include external energy consumption, including non-clean electricity supplied by the power grid and natural gas supplied by gas companies. Since green plants will play a role in carbon sequestration, the above energy consumption is defined as the consumption of buildings without green plants. The total carbon emission of negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible buildings is defined as C ene (kg).

[0075] Carbon reduction factors include plant carbon sequestration C plant (kg), Carbon reduction due to green plant insulation effect (The insulating effect of the plants will reduce the demand for natural gas from gas companies for solar air conditioning, thereby reducing carbon emissions):

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] In formulas (1) to (3), C plant is the carbon fixation of green plants (kg), A j is the planting area of ​​green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), H j is the planting height of green plant j (m), is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the height of the top green plant j (m), C Pi is the carbon sequestration amount of greening planting method (kg / m 3 ).

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] In formulas (4) to (5), Carbon reduction for green plants’ heat insulation effect (kg); The amount of natural gas that can be saved by solar air conditioning (m 3 ); is the height of the top green plant j (m); is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), α q (m 2 ) and α w (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, β e (m 2 ) and β r (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, γ t (m) and γ y (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters are and They are The polynomial fitting parameters of .

[0083] Carbon reduction due to green plants’ heat insulation effect It is affected by many factors such as the type of green plants, height / area of ​​green plants, etc., and the impact of each factor is not linear.

[0084] In order to show the change of plant carbon reduction, the present invention uses polynomial fitting to calculate the carbon reduction of the green plant insulation effect, as follows:

[0085] Firstly, a polynomial fitting is used to estimate the amount of natural gas that can be saved by solar air conditioning in a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building with green plants. As shown in formula (4).

[0086] Polynomial fitting is then used to express the carbon reduction of thermal insulation effect The amount of natural gas that can be saved compared to solar air conditioning The relationship between is as shown in formula (5).

[0087] S3: Define the objective function as the overall building carbon emissions less than 0. Based on the overall building carbon emissions less than 0, define the overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, is the total carbon emission of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C ene is the total carbon emission of negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C plant is the carbon fixation amount of green plants (kg), Carbon reduction due to the heat insulation effect of green plants (kg).

[0090] This step S3 clarifies that the optimization objective function of the negative carbon building is that the carbon emissions of the entire building are less than 0, where the carbon emissions are defined as the difference between the carbon increase and carbon reduction in step S2.

[0091] S4: Define constraints.

[0092] 1) Green plant area restrictions:

[0093] Considering that a part of the roof should be reserved for photovoltaic panels and other equipment, the total green area on the roof Cannot exceed the total top surface area A roof , the sum of the green areas on the facades Cannot exceed the total wall area A wall 1 / 3 of.

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] In the formula, is the sum of the top green plant area (m 2 ), A roof is the total top surface area (m 2 ), is the sum of the green areas of the facades (m 2 ), A wall is the total wall area (m 2 ).

[0097] 2) Green plant height restrictions

[0098] Considering the aesthetics and roof load-bearing factors, the maximum height of the roof green plants is The maximum thickness of the wall greenery should not exceed 1m. Should not exceed 0.2m.

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, is the maximum height of the top green plant j (m); is the maximum thickness of wall green plant j (m);

[0102] 3) Photovoltaic area constraints

[0103] Roof photovoltaic installation area The sum of green areas If there is a conflict, at least 1 / 3 of the roof area should be reserved for other equipment. Should be smaller than the area of ​​the building window A win .

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] In the formula, is the paving area of ​​the top photovoltaic (m 2 ), is the sum of green plant areas (m 2 ), is the photovoltaic area of ​​the facade (m 2 ), A win is the area of ​​the building windows (m 2 ).

[0109] 4) Flexible DC regulation module constraints - energy storage batteries and bidirectional charging piles

[0110] Energy storage batteries should meet the following charging and discharging constraints:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, SOC t and SOC t-1 They represent the remaining power (kWh) of the energy storage battery in the building at time t and time t-1 respectively. is the efficiency of the energy storage system (dimensionless), τ is the time interval (h), and are the charging / discharging power (kW) of the energy storage system, λ c and λ d are the charge and discharge efficiencies (dimensionless).

[0113] Bidirectional charging pile constraints:

[0114] E in ≤E remain

[0115] E out ≤E full -E remain

[0116] Among them, E in is the amount of electricity absorbed by the charging pile (kWh), E remain is the remaining power (kWh) in the electric vehicle connected to the charging pile, E out is the power output of the charging pile (kWh), E full The maximum battery capacity (kWh) of the electric vehicle connected to the charging station.

[0117] 5) Electricity supply and demand balance requirements

[0118]

[0119] in, Power used from the grid for carbon-negative buildings (kW), is the photovoltaic power generation capacity of the carbon-negative building (kW), Power absorbed by the bidirectional charging piles of the carbon-negative building (kW), The output power (kW) of the bidirectional charging pile for the carbon-negative building, The power of other electrical appliances in a carbon-negative building, and are the charging / discharging power (kW) of the energy storage system respectively.

[0120] 6) Gas supply and demand balance requirements

[0121] Q air +Q load =Q gas +Q bio

[0122] Among them, Q air The amount of gas consumed by solar air conditioning in a carbon-negative building (m 3 ), Q load The amount of gas consumed by other gas-using equipment in the carbon-negative building (m 3 ), Q gas Gas volume provided to gas companies (m 3 ), Q bio Gas volume provided for zero-carbon energy modules inside the building (m 3 ).

[0123] S5: Define decision variables. Mainly include: gas supply of gas companies, power supply of power companies, capacity of energy storage batteries and bidirectional charging piles, charging and discharging timing characteristics, overall carbon emissions of negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible buildings, facade photovoltaic area, roof photovoltaic laying area, facade green plant area, roof green plant area, facade green plant height, facade green plant height.

[0124] S6: Use the solver to solve the energy consumption and operation plan of the negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible building. After defining all the contents of S1-S5, you only need to input the relevant parameters into the solver to calculate the final operation results and obtain the operation plan of the negative carbon building, including the gas use period inside the building, the adjustment curve of the electric load, the operation mode of the solar air conditioning, the photovoltaic laying area, the area and height of the green plants, and the volume of the biogas storage tank. And further derive the design parameters of the building, including the laying plan of photovoltaic components and energy storage equipment, the construction plan of energy-saving structures, etc.

[0125] Figure 3 Comparison of solar air conditioning gas consumption before and after planting green plants for buildings. When there is sunlight, solar air conditioning first uses solar energy for energy supply, and when there is no solar energy, it will use natural gas or biogas for energy supply. Considering the heat insulation effect of green plants (calculated by formula 4), the energy consumed by solar air conditioning can be reduced Q solar Solar energy for solar air conditioning applications (m 3 ), Natural gas or biogas energy for solar air conditioning applications (m 3 ).

[0126] This invention is the first to propose a model of a negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage and direct flexible building, which integrates green plants, photovoltaic storage and direct flexible buildings as well as methods of recycling waste resources, studies the optimal design and operation methods of negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage and direct flexible buildings, and helps buildings achieve negative carbonization.

[0127] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims

1. An optimization design and operation method of a negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building, characterized by: The steps include: S1: Construct a negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building model structure; S2: According to the constructed negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building model structure, analyze the zero-carbon factors, carbon-raising factors and carbon-reducing factors of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building during operation; S3: Based on the overall building carbon emissions being less than 0, define the overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building; S4: define constraints, including electricity supply and demand balance requirements, gas supply and demand balance requirements, green plant area constraints, green plant height constraints, and photovoltaic area constraints; S5: Define decision variables, including gas supply from gas companies, power supply from power companies, capacity of energy storage batteries and bidirectional charging piles, charging and discharging timing characteristics, overall carbon emissions of buildings, area and height of green plants on the roof, area and height of green plants on the facade, photovoltaic area on the facade, and photovoltaic area on the roof; S6: Use the solver to solve the configuration and operation plan of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building.

2. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S1, the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building model structure includes: An external carbon-raising energy supply module (1), the external carbon-raising energy supply module (1) being used to provide external energy to a building; An internal zero-carbon energy supply module (2), wherein the internal zero-carbon energy supply module (2) is used to provide internal energy to the building; A carbon reduction module (3), wherein the carbon reduction module (3) is used to reduce carbon emissions of a building; A flexible direct current regulation module (4), wherein the flexible direct current regulation module (4) is used to regulate the conversion and transmission of electric energy.

3. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 2 is characterized by: The external carbon-raising energy supply module (1) includes power supply from a power grid (11) and power supply from a gas company (12); The internal zero-carbon energy supply module (2) includes a top photovoltaic system (21), a facade photovoltaic system (22), a solar air conditioner (23), an anaerobic process treatment system for food waste (24), and a biogas storage tank (25); The carbon reduction module (3) comprises top surface green plants (31) and facade green plants (32); The flexible DC regulation module (4) comprises an energy storage battery (41) and a bidirectional charging pile (42).

4. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 3 is characterized by: In step S2, the zero-carbon factors include photovoltaic power generation, solar air conditioning started by solar energy, and biogas generated by the anaerobic process treatment system for food waste; Carbon-raising factors include the amount of non-clean electricity supplied by the power grid and the amount of natural gas supplied by gas companies; Carbon reduction factors include carbon fixation by plants, carbon reduction due to the insulation effect of green plants, photovoltaic power generation, and anaerobic treatment of food waste.

5. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 4 is characterized by: The plant carbon fixation amount is calculated by the following formula: In the formula, C plant is the carbon fixation of green plants (kg), A j is the planting area of ​​green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), H j is the planting height of green plant j (m), is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the height of the top green plant j (m), C Pi is the carbon sequestration amount of greening planting method (kg / m 3 ).

6. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 4 is characterized by: The carbon reduction amount of the green plant insulation effect is calculated by the following formula: Where, is the carbon reduction due to the heat insulation effect of green plants (kg); The amount of natural gas that can be saved by solar air conditioning (m 3 ); is the height of the top green plant j (m); is the height of the green plant j on the facade (m), is the area of ​​top green plant j (m 2 ), is the area of ​​green plants on the facade (m 2 ), α q (m 2 ) and α w (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, β e (m 2 ) and β r (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters, γ t (m) and γ y (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters are and (dimensionless parameters) are The polynomial fitting parameters of .

7. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S3, the overall carbon emission objective function of the negative carbon ecological solar-storage direct-flexible building is defined as: In the formula, is the total carbon emission of the negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C ene is the total carbon emission of negative carbon ecological solar storage direct flexible building (kg), C plant is the carbon fixation amount of green plants (kg), Carbon reduction due to the heat insulation effect of green plants (kg).

8. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to claim 7 is characterized by: In step S4, the green plant area constraints simultaneously satisfy: the sum of the top green plant area Cannot exceed the total top surface area A roof , the sum of the green areas on the facades Cannot exceed the total wall area A wall 1 / 3 of In the formula, is the sum of the top green plant area (m 2 ), A roof is the total top surface area (m 2 ), is the sum of the green areas of the facades (m 2 ), A wall is the total wall area (m 2 ); The green plant height constraints also meet: the maximum height of the top green plant j The maximum thickness of the wall greenery should not exceed 1m. Should not exceed 0.2m; In the formula, is the maximum height of the top green plant j (m); is the maximum thickness of wall green plant j (m); The photovoltaic area constraints are satisfied at the same time: when the photovoltaic laying area on the top surface The sum of green areas If there is a conflict, at least 1 / 3 of the roof area should be reserved for other equipment; the facade photovoltaic area Should be smaller than the area of ​​the building window A win ; In the formula, is the paving area of ​​the top photovoltaic (m 2 ), is the sum of green plant areas (m 2 ), is the photovoltaic area of ​​the facade (m 2 ), A win is the area of ​​the building windows (m 2 ).

9. The optimization design and operation method of the negative carbon ecological solar energy storage direct flexible building according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: In step S6, a solver is used to solve the operation plan of the negative carbon ecological photovoltaic storage direct flexible building, including the gas usage period inside the building, the adjustment curve of the electric load, the operation mode of the solar air conditioning, the photovoltaic laying area, the area and height of the green plants, and the volume of the biogas storage tank.

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