Fan lightning attachment prediction method, storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a fan lightning attachment prediction method, a storage medium and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring electric field distribution of each component of the fan at various blade angles and various electrode positions to obtain electric field intensity of each component of the fan; based on the electric field intensity of each component of the fan, deducing the lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan, and optimizing the lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan through the relative distance and the shielding range of each component of the fan; obtaining the lightning stroke attachment probability of each component of the fan based on the optimized lightning stroke distance of each component of the fan; and the final lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the fan at various blade angles and various electrode positions. According to the method, the fan lightning attachment prediction cost can be reduced, and the prediction efficiency and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of lightning protection, and more specifically, relates to a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, storage medium and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] As an outdoor elevated structure, wind turbines are susceptible to damage from natural lightning strikes. Studying the lightning attachment characteristics of wind turbines helps to understand the attachment rules and mechanisms of lightning on the blades, thereby optimizing the lightning protection design and reducing the damage to wind turbines caused by lightning strikes. Currently, the lightning attachment characteristics of wind turbines are generally studied through long-gap discharge tests and lightning distribution simulation models.

[0003] The cost of predicting lightning attachment using long gap discharge test is high, and the test time is long, resulting in relatively low test efficiency. Although the scaled model lightning leader attachment area test of long gap discharge can provide some experimental data for predicting lightning behavior, the investment in equipment, personnel, and site is very high. In addition, some accidental factors will inevitably appear during the experiment, further increasing the workload.

[0004] The lightning distribution simulation model mainly includes empirical formulas, electrical geometry models and leader development models. The empirical formula method can only obtain the overall probability of wind turbines being struck by lightning, and cannot be refined to the probability of each component of the wind turbine being struck by lightning. Although it simplifies the calculation to a certain extent, it is difficult to effectively evaluate the lightning strike risk of each key component of the wind turbine due to the lack of detailed analysis of each component. The electrical geometry model usually associates the lightning strike distance with the lightning current amplitude, but ignores the influence of the structure itself. In the leader development model, the development path and speed of the downward leader are both random, which means that when modeling lightning, a large number of variables need to be processed, resulting in a very large amount of calculation and a long calculation time. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present application provides a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing wind turbine lightning attachment research cannot take into account the research cost, research efficiency and prediction accuracy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present application provides a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the electric field distribution of each component of the fan under various blade angles and various electrode positions, and obtain the electric field strength of each component of the fan;

[0008] The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is derived based on the electric field strength of each wind turbine component, and the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is optimized through the relative distance and shielding range of each wind turbine component;

[0009] The lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component;

[0010] The final lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions.

[0011] Preferably, the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine is derived based on the electric field strength of each component of the wind turbine and is expressed as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, d i is the lightning strike distance of the i-th component of the wind turbine, d is the lightning strike distance at the location with the maximum electric field intensity on the wind turbine surface, E avg,i is the average electric field strength of the i-th component of the wind turbine, E avg,max is the maximum average electric field strength of all wind turbine components, ΔE i is the maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of the i-th component of the wind turbine, ΔE max It is the maximum value of the electric field intensity gradient on the surface of all wind turbine components.

[0014] Preferably, the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine is optimized by the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the wind turbine, and is specifically implemented by introducing an optimization threshold, which is expressed as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Where K is the optimization threshold; d1 and d2 are the lightning strike distances of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively; x1, y1 and z1 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the first component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field strength, x2, y2 and z2 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field strength; α, β and γ are the weight factors used to balance the influence of the lightning strike distance difference, spatial distance and electric field gradient, respectively, and ΔE is the electric field gradient correction term, which is expressed as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where E1 and E2 are the maximum electric field strengths of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively. max is the maximum electric field strength on the entire wind turbine structure, the first component is the external lightning protection system protection component, and the second component is the protected lightning protection system component;

[0019] If the optimization threshold is less than 0, the lightning strike distances of the first component and the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine are kept unchanged; otherwise, the lightning strike distance of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine is optimized to 0.

[0020] Preferably, the lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component, which is obtained by the ratio of the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component to the sum of the lightning strike distances of all wind turbine components at a preset blade angle and a preset electrode position.

[0021] Preferably, the final lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine at various blade angles and various electrode positions, specifically:

[0022]

[0023] Where P(i) is the final lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine; The blade angle is θ k Under the condition, the average lightning attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine under J electrode positions; J is the total number of electrode positions, and j represents the sequence number of the electrode position; Indicates that the blade angle is θ k , the electrode position is T j Under the condition, the lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine; K is the total number of blade angles, and k is the serial number of the blade angle.

[0024] Preferably, the total number of the blade angles is 4, wherein the four blade angles are in an arithmetic progression with a tolerance of 30 degrees, and the four blade angles are all the angles between the same blade on the fan and the horizontal plane.

[0025] Preferably, the various electrode positions are respectively denoted as T A1 , T Bh , T Ch , T Dh , T Eh ;

[0026] T A1 Indicates the preset height position directly above the center point of the fan;

[0027] T Dh represents the h electrode positions on the first circle, T Dh The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the first circle takes the center point of the fan as the center;

[0028] T Eh represents the h electrode positions on the second circle, T EhThe arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the second circle is located at a first distance directly below the center point of the fan;

[0029] T Ch represents the positions of h electrodes on the third circle, T Ch The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the third circle is located at the second distance directly above the center point of the fan;

[0030] T Bh represents the positions of h electrodes on the fourth circle, T Bh The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the fourth circle is located at the third distance directly above the center point of the fan, h = 1, 2, ..., 7;

[0031] Among them, the first circle to the fourth circle are all parallel to the horizontal plane, the radius of the first circle to the fourth circle is the striking distance recorded as R, the preset height is the striking distance plus the distance from the center point of the fan to the tip of the blade, the first distance and the second distance are both R×tan30°, and the third distance is R×tan60°.

[0032] Preferably, the electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine is obtained by solving the Poisson equation, which is expressed as follows:

[0033]

[0034] in, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, ρ is the charge density, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the material, σ pol is the polarity factor, I pol is the lightning current amplitude related to polarity.

[0035] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method is implemented.

[0036] To achieve the above objectives, in a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method is implemented.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The present application proposes a method for quantitatively predicting the distribution of lightning attachment in a wind turbine. The lightning attachment probability of different components in the wind turbine is calculated by the lightning strike distance of each component, and the lightning strike distance can be calculated by the electric field strength of each component. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method of the present application avoids detailed modeling of the lightning leader development process, simplifies the cost and calculation, and improves efficiency. Moreover, through a 1:100 scale model discharge test of a wind turbine, the prediction results of the present application are consistent with the experimental results, thereby verifying the accuracy of the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method of the present application. In summary, the prediction method of the present application can better balance research cost, prediction efficiency and accuracy.

[0039] (2) The lightning attachment probability of different components in the wind turbine of the present application takes into account the randomness of the blade position and the randomness of the downward leader of lightning during the operation of the wind turbine. The final lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine at various blade angles and various electrode positions, thereby obtaining a higher prediction accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the mutual electrostatic shielding protection of the blade components provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the mutual electrostatic shielding protection of various components of the fan provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of 29 high-voltage electrodes and fans provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of four kinds of blade pitch angles of a wind turbine provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a 1:100 scale model discharge test platform of a wind turbine provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0047] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of objects. For example, the first circle and the second circle are used to distinguish different circles rather than to describe a specific order of circles.

[0048] In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more than two. For example, multiple blade angles refer to two or more blade angles, etc.; multiple electrode positions refer to two or more electrode positions, etc.

[0050] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for predicting lightning attachment to a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step S101: obtaining the electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine at various blade angles and various electrode positions, and obtaining the electric field strength of each component of the wind turbine.

[0053] Step S102: deriving the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine based on the electric field strength of each component of the wind turbine, and optimizing the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine by the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the wind turbine.

[0054] Step S103: obtaining the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine.

[0055] Step S104: comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probabilities of various components of the wind turbine at various blade angles and various electrode positions to obtain final lightning attachment probabilities of various components of the wind turbine.

[0056] Specifically, the purpose of this scheme is to provide a wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method, which is based on the randomness of the downward lightning simulated by the adjacent leader and takes into account the actual operating status of the wind turbine. It replaces the scaled model lightning leader attachment area test conducted in the laboratory, which can reduce or even eliminate the test workload.

[0057] For cloud discharge to wind turbines, as the downward leader of lightning approaches, the electric field near the wind turbine gradually increases. When certain conditions such as the amount of charge are met, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the wind turbine, which then generates upward streamers, and eventually develops into one or more oncoming leaders, intercepting the downward leader of lightning and triggering lightning strikes. The electric field strength on the surface of the wind turbine is related to the strength of air ionization at that location and the development of streamers. Locations with greater surface electric field strength are more likely to generate upward oncoming leaders. Therefore, the effects of the materials, shapes, and relative positions of the various components of the wind turbine on the strike distance cannot be ignored. This scheme determines the strike distances corresponding to different components on the wind turbine surface based on the electric field strength. Components with greater electric field strength have greater corresponding strike distances, thereby determining the probability of lightning attachment to different components of the wind turbine.

[0058] In this embodiment, the finite element algorithm is used to divide the calculation domain using hexahedral grids, thereby converting the continuous domain problem into a discrete domain problem. Considering the calculation time and calculation accuracy, the hexahedral grids close to the wind turbine and the high-voltage electrode are set to be denser, and the hexahedral grids far away from the wind turbine and the high-voltage electrode are set to be sparser, thereby improving the calculation speed while maintaining a certain calculation accuracy. At the same time, the distributed electric field under lightning currents of different amplitudes and polarities can be calculated.

[0059] Among them, the electric field distribution on the fan surface is solved by Poisson's equation, as shown in the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] in, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, ρ is the charge density, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the material, and the iterative calculation requires the calculation accuracy to reach 10 -6 .

[0062] In order to introduce the correction of positive and negative polarity lightning current, the charge density and boundary conditions in Poisson's equation are modified. The corrected equation can be expressed as:

[0063]

[0064] Among them, ρ eff is the corrected equivalent charge density, defined as:

[0065] ρ eff =ρ+σ pol |I pol | (3)

[0066] Among them, I pol is the lightning current amplitude related to polarity, σ pol is the polarity factor, which is a proportional constant related to the medium response characteristics. For negative polarity current, σ pol The value is lower, for positive polarity current, σpol Higher value.

[0067] When the wind turbine is in the thundercloud layer and under the action of the downward leader, the surface electric field of each component will be distorted to varying degrees, and all have the ability to produce an oncoming leader. The components are shielded from each other. When the following two situations occur, a component on the wind turbine can completely protect another component of the wind turbine:

[0068] (1) The maximum electric field strength of each component of the wind turbine is different. The maximum electric field strength of each component is used to represent the corresponding protection radius of each component. When the downward leader of lightning reaches the corresponding protection range of an object first, it will discharge to the corresponding object first. Figure 2 As shown, taking the blade as an example, the mutual protection between the various components on the blade is analyzed. For example, when the protection radius R1 corresponding to the blade lightning receptor 1 can cover the protection radius R2 corresponding to the blade lightning receptor 2, the blade lightning receptor 2 will be shielded by the blade lightning receptor 1, that is, it is considered that the blade lightning receptor 1 can protect the blade lightning receptor 2, and the blade lightning receptor 2 has no possibility of being attached by lightning.

[0069] (2) Consider the three-dimensional structure of the wind turbine model itself, for example Figure 3 As shown in the figure, when the downward leader is located at the front of the wind turbine, the lightning rod is at the back of the blade and the lightning rod. In the process of the downward leader developing towards the lightning rod on the back of the wind turbine, it will first enter the protection range of the blade root lightning rod and the blade tip lightning rod. At this time, it is also considered that the former is shielded by the latter.

[0070] The longer the simulated strike distance is, the larger the corresponding return lightning current peak value is. When a fixed strike distance d is selected, d is defined as the lightning strike distance of the position with the maximum electric field intensity on the wind turbine surface or the component:

[0071] d=G×I p S (4)

[0072] Wherein, G and S are two constants, and in the embodiment, G=10 and S=0.65; I p It is the peak value of lightning current in a return stroke process.

[0073] The lightning strike distances at other locations of the wind turbine, i.e. the lightning strike distances of various components of the wind turbine, are expressed as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, d i is the lightning strike distance of the i-th component of the wind turbine, E avg,i is the average electric field strength of the i-th component of the wind turbine, E avg,max is the maximum average electric field strength of all wind turbine components, ΔE iis the maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of the i-th component of the wind turbine, ΔE max It is the maximum value of the electric field intensity gradient on the surface of all wind turbine components.

[0076] Taking into account the geometric dimensions of each component, the electric field strength of all grid points on the lightning arrester, lightning rod, hub, nacelle and blade surface is calculated. In order to optimize the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component through the relative distance and shielding range of each wind turbine component, and considering the non-uniformity of the electric field distribution and the directionality of the shielding effect, the optimization threshold K is introduced as an important criterion, and its value is:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, K is the optimization threshold; d1 and d2 are the lightning strike distances of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively; x1, y1 and z1 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the maximum electric field intensity corresponding to the first component of any two different components of the wind turbine, and x2, y2 and z2 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the maximum electric field intensity corresponding to the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine; α, β and γ are weight factors used to balance the influence of lightning strike distance difference, spatial distance and electric field gradient, respectively, and ΔE is the electric field gradient correction term, which is used to describe the non-uniformity of the electric field distribution of the protection component and the protected lightning protection system component, which is expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where E1 and E2 are the maximum electric field strengths of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively. max is the maximum electric field strength on the entire wind turbine structure, the first component is the external lightning protection system protection component, and the second component is the protected lightning protection system component, wherein, if K<0, the lightning strike distances d1 and d2 remain unchanged; otherwise, the optimized lightning strike distance d2=0.

[0081] For the blade insulation part, nacelle and tower, calculate the K value corresponding to each grid point on the corresponding component, and determine that the maximum protection radius of all components corresponding to K<0 is the protection radius of the component. For each external lightning protection system component of the wind turbine, mainly determine whether the component is protected by other lightning protection system components, calculate the protection relationship between different external lightning protection system components, and if K≥0, then set the lightning strike distance of the corresponding component to 0. The corresponding lightning strike distances of the tip lightning receptor, blade body lightning receptor, blade root lightning receptor and blade insulation part of the three blades take their maximum values.

[0082] When the strike distance is constant and the downward leader develops to a certain position, the corresponding blade angle is fixed and the electrode position is fixed. The probability of lightning strike attachment to the component at this position is determined according to the protection radius, that is, the lightning strike distance:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, P i is the probability of lightning strike on the i-th component of the wind turbine, d i is the lightning strike distance of the i-th component of the wind turbine, and I is the total number of components in the wind turbine. Therefore, the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine is as shown in the above formula, that is, the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine at the preset blade angle and preset electrode position is obtained by the ratio of the lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine to the sum of the lightning strike distances of all components of the wind turbine.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, according to the different heights of the pilot head, there are 5 circular planes, A to E, which are all parallel to the horizontal plane. The circular plane D is located on the same horizontal plane as the center point O of the fan model. One rod electrode position is selected on the circular plane A, and 7 rod electrode positions are selected on the other four circular planes. The electrode position of the circular plane A, i.e. A1, is denoted as T A1 , located at a preset height position directly above the center point O of the fan, and the electrode positions of the other four circular planes are respectively recorded as T Bh 、T Ch 、T Dh 、T Eh , h=1,2,…,7,T Dh Located on the first circle, T Eh Located on the second circle, T Ch Located on the third circle, T Bh Located on the fourth circle. The angles between each electrode position on the circular planes B to E and the center point O of the fan and the horizontal plane are 60°, 30°, 0° and -30° respectively. The arc between two adjacent electrode positions in the same circular plane is 30 degrees. The protection radius of each circular plane is the strike distance. The distance between position A1 and the center point O of the fan, that is, the preset height, is the strike distance R plus the length from the center point O of the fan to the tip of the blade. The strike distance R is also the lightning strike distance d of the component with the largest electric field intensity on the surface of the fan mentioned above.

[0086] It should be noted that the center of the second circle is located at the first distance directly below the center point of the fan, the center of the third circle is located at the second distance directly above the center point of the fan, and the center of the fourth circle is located at the third distance directly above the center point of the fan. The first distance and the second distance are both R×tan30°, and the third distance is R×tan60°.

[0087] Leading position Figure 4 As shown, there are a total of 29 leader positions, i.e., electrode positions. In nature, the downward leader may develop from multiple directions. Therefore, taking into account the 29 downward leader positions, when the fan blade angle is a certain fixed value, the probability of lightning attachment to each fan component is:

[0088]

[0089] The blade angle is θ k Under the condition of , the average lightning attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine under 29 electrode positions; The blade angle is θ k , the electrode position is T j In the case of , the lightning strike adhesion probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine is , and j represents the sequence number of the electrode position.

[0090] When lightning strikes, although the blades are in a rotating state, the rotation speed of the wind turbine blades is basically between 6r / min and 20r / min. Compared with the development speed of the downward leader of 100km / s to 800km / s, the lightning completion time is between 120μs and 180μs. The rotation angle of the wind turbine blades during the lightning strike can be ignored, that is, the wind turbine blades can be considered to be approximately in a static state. The angle between the blade and the horizontal plane corresponding to the center of the wind turbine is defined as the blade angle. When the wind turbine rotates, the blades may be in different operating states. A total of four different blade angles are considered, including 90°, 60°, 30° and 0°.

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the average value of the lightning strike attachment probability under four blade angles is selected as the lightning strike attachment probability of each component of the wind turbine during operation:

[0092]

[0093] P(i) is the final lightning strike probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine.

[0094] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, a wind turbine scale model discharge test platform was built to verify the effectiveness of the prediction method of this application:

[0095] During the test, the prediction method of this application was used to predict the lightning attachment position, and then the predicted position was compared with the actual test results. The comparison results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0096] Table 1 Prediction of the probability of lightning attachment of each component at different lightning induction planes at a lightning strike distance of 50 cm

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Table 1 shows the predicted values ​​of the lightning attachment probability of each component at different lightning induction planes at a lightning strike distance of 50 cm. For each plane, the calculation result is obtained by adding the data of 7 electrode positions in one plane. After comparing the predicted results with the experimental results, the prediction accuracy of all components is obtained. The goodness of fit is the ratio of the number of successful predictions to the total number. These results are consistent with the lightning attachment trend in the discharge test, indicating that the lightning attachment probability of the nacelle and hub will increase as the height of the high-voltage electrode decreases. Comparing the fitting pros and cons of the four planes, when the electrode is located above the turbine, the method of the present application can obtain satisfactory results, with the highest prediction accuracy of 91.86%.

[0100] Table 2 Prediction of the probability of lightning attachment of each component at different lightning induction planes at a lightning strike distance of 70 cm

[0101] flat Lightning Terminal 1 Lightning Terminal 2 Lightning Terminal 3 lightning rod Blade insulation Wheels Tower Goodness of fit A 99.06％ 0.34％ 0.00％ 0.00％ 0.59％ 0.00％ 0.02％ 99.06％ B 98.01％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 1.22％ 0.10％ 0.00％ 0.63％ 98.01％ C 66.96％ 8.06％ 11.23％ 13.14％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 0.57％ 64.77％ D 59.80％ 6.68％ 16.12％ 16.08％ 0.05％ 0.00％ 1.27％ 59.20％ E 65.80％ 4.51％ 13.51％ 14.76％ 0.04％ 0.00％ 1.37％ 59.10％

[0102] Table 2 shows the predicted values ​​of the lightning strike attachment probability of each component at different lightning planes at a lightning strike distance of 70 cm. Compared with the case of a lightning strike distance of 50 cm, the predicted probabilities of lightning receptor 2, lightning receptor 3, lightning rod and blade insulation have all decreased to a certain extent. However, the predicted probabilities of lightning receptor 1 and the hub have increased to a certain extent. This trend is consistent with the test results.

[0103] In general, this method provides an efficient, low-cost and high-precision means of predicting lightning strike attachment probability through the calculation of electric field strength and the application of electrical geometry model. This method not only simplifies the calculation process and reduces the experimental workload, but also has strong versatility.

[0104] Furthermore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method is implemented.

[0105] Furthermore, the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method is implemented.

Claims

1. A method for predicting lightning attachment to a wind turbine, characterized in that: include: Obtain the electric field distribution of each component of the fan under various blade angles and various electrode positions, and obtain the electric field strength of each component of the fan; The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is derived based on the electric field strength of each wind turbine component, and the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is optimized through the relative distance and shielding range of each wind turbine component; The lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component; The final lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions.

2. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component is derived based on the electric field strength of each wind turbine component as follows: Among them, d i is the lightning strike distance of the i-th component of the wind turbine, d is the lightning strike distance at the location with the maximum electric field intensity on the wind turbine surface, E avg,i is the average electric field strength of the i-th component of the wind turbine, E avg,max is the maximum average electric field strength of all wind turbine components, ΔE i is the maximum value of the gradient of the electric field intensity on the surface of the i-th component of the wind turbine, ΔE max It is the maximum value of the electric field intensity gradient on the surface of all wind turbine components.

3. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightning strike distance of each component of the wind turbine is optimized by the relative distance and shielding range of each component of the wind turbine, and the optimization threshold is specifically introduced to achieve it. The optimization threshold is expressed as follows: Where K is the optimization threshold; d1 and d2 are the lightning strike distances of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively; x1, y1 and z1 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the first component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field strength, x2, y2 and z2 are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinate information of the position of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine corresponding to the maximum electric field strength; α, β and γ are the weight factors used to balance the influence of the lightning strike distance difference, spatial distance and electric field gradient, respectively, and ΔE is the electric field gradient correction term, which is expressed as follows: Where E1 and E2 are the maximum electric field strengths of the first and second components of any two different components of the wind turbine, respectively. max is the maximum electric field strength on the entire wind turbine structure, the first component is the external lightning protection system protection component, and the second component is the protected lightning protection system component; If the optimization threshold is less than 0, the lightning strike distances of the first component and the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine are kept unchanged; otherwise, the lightning strike distance of the second component of any two different components of the wind turbine is optimized to 0.

4. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the optimized lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component, the lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained as the ratio of the lightning strike distance of each wind turbine component to the sum of the lightning strike distances of all wind turbine components, which is the lightning strike attachment probability of each wind turbine component at a preset blade angle and a preset electrode position.

5. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The final lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component is obtained by comprehensively considering the lightning attachment probability of each wind turbine component under various blade angles and various electrode positions, which is: Where P(i) is the final lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine; The blade angle is θ k Under the condition, the average lightning attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine under J electrode positions; J is the total number of electrode positions, and j represents the sequence number of the electrode position; Indicates that the blade angle is θ k , the electrode position is T j Under the condition, the lightning strike attachment probability of the i-th component of the wind turbine; K is the total number of blade angles, and k is the serial number of the blade angle.

6. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The total number of blade angles is 4, wherein the four blade angles are in an arithmetic progression with a tolerance of 30 degrees, and the four blade angles are all angles between the same blade on the fan and the horizontal plane.

7. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The various electrode positions are respectively denoted as T A1 , T Bh , T Ch , T Dh , T Eh ; T A1 Indicates the preset height position directly above the center point of the fan; T Dh represents the h electrode positions on the first circle, T Dh The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the first circle takes the center point of the fan as the center; T Eh represents the positions of h electrodes on the second circle, T Eh The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the second circle is located at a first distance directly below the center point of the fan; T Ch represents the positions of h electrodes on the third circle, T Ch The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the third circle is located at the second distance directly above the center point of the fan; T Bh represents the positions of h electrodes on the fourth circle, T Bh The arc between two adjacent electrode positions is 30 degrees, and the center of the fourth circle is located at the third distance directly above the center point of the fan, h = 1, 2, ..., 7; Among them, the first circle to the fourth circle are all parallel to the horizontal plane, the radius of the first circle to the fourth circle is the striking distance recorded as R, the preset height is the striking distance plus the distance from the center point of the fan to the tip of the blade, the first distance and the second distance are both R×tan30°, and the third distance is R×tan60°.

8. The wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field distribution of each component of the wind turbine is obtained by solving the Poisson equation, which is expressed as follows: in, is the Laplace operator, is the electric potential, ρ is the charge density, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the material, σ pol is the polarity factor, I pol is the lightning current amplitude related to polarity.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the wind turbine lightning attachment prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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