Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The invention provides energy storage equipment, which mainly solves the problem that the existing battery module has potential safety hazards. The energy storage equipment comprises a flue gas treatment system, a temperature control system and at least one battery module, the battery module comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; a shared chamber is arranged in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the temperature control system controls the working temperature of the battery module, so that thermal runaway of the battery module is avoided as much as possible; and for the battery module with thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module is treated through the flue gas treatment system, so that the potential safety hazard generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged is reduced. And due to the dual arrangement of the flue gas treatment system and the temperature control system in the energy storage equipment, the safety of the battery module during working and thermal runaway is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of energy storage batteries, and in particular relates to an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream product for energy storage due to their advantages such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance and low self-discharge rate.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage equipment, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to the high concentration of single cells in the battery module, a large amount of heat will be generated during the charging and discharging process, and this heat will gradually accumulate, causing uneven battery temperature. In severe cases, the thermal balance of the battery is destroyed, which in turn causes thermal runaway of the battery, posing certain safety hazards. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the potential safety hazard problem of existing battery modules, the present invention provides an energy storage device.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0006] The energy storage device provided by the present invention comprises a flue gas treatment system, a temperature control system and at least one battery module; the battery module comprises a shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is arranged in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; a avoidance hole is opened on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single cell; the polarity terminal of each single cell extends out of the avoidance hole, and the top plate area of ​​the shell corresponding to the avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the temperature control system comprises a heat exchange unit, a heat transfer unit and a heat treatment unit; the heat exchange unit is used to realize heat exchange with each battery module, and the heat transfer unit is used to realize the transfer of heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit and the heat treatment unit; the heat treatment unit is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer unit; the flue gas treatment system comprises a flue gas manifold and a flue gas treatment unit, the flue gas manifold is used to transfer the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module to the flue gas treatment unit, and the flue gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat exchange unit includes at least one heat transfer tube, and a clamping portion is provided at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole, and each heat transfer tube is fixed on the clamping portion of each single cell polarity terminal in a one-to-one correspondence, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each single cell polarity terminal; the clamping portion is a through groove or through hole opened at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat transfer tube is a metal tube, and the metal tube has at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, all the single cell polarity terminals located on one side serve as the first polarity terminals of the battery module, and all the single cell polarity terminals located on the other side serve as the second polarity terminals of the battery module; the heat transfer tube includes a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; the first tube is fixed on the clamping part of the first polarity terminal of the battery module; the second tube is fixed on the clamping part of the second polarity terminal of the battery module; and both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube located on the same side.

[0010] Furthermore, the first tube and the second tube are metal tubes, the metal tubes have at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve, the connecting tube is an insulating hose, the port of the first tube is the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the first polarity terminal is a positive polarity terminal, the port of the second tube is the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the second polarity terminal is a negative polarity terminal.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping portion is a through groove, and a pressing plate is also provided on the top of the heat transfer tube, and the pressing plate includes a pressing portion and a fixing portion; the pressing portion has an arc surface, and the arc surface is used to cooperate with the through groove of the polarity terminal of each single battery to press the heat transfer tube into the through groove; the fixing portion is arranged on both sides of the pressing portion, connected to the polarity terminal of each single battery, and is used to realize parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and is also used to fix the pressing portion on the polarity terminal, and an insulating pad is also provided between the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube.

[0012] Furthermore, an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the shell, the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube are buried in the insulating sealant layer, and the liquid inlet and outlet ports of the heat transfer tube extend out of the insulating sealant layer, and an insulating protective cover is provided on the top of the shell, and the polarity terminals of each single cell are located in the insulating protective cover.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of battery modules are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction to form a battery module unit, and a plurality of battery module units are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster; the heat transfer unit includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly and a liquid return pipeline assembly; the liquid supply pipeline assembly is used to transport the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit; in each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly is used to divert the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly to a plurality of battery modules; the liquid return pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with a plurality of battery modules to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly; the liquid inlet pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid inlet pipe, a secondary liquid inlet pipe and a three-level liquid inlet pipe; the liquid inlet of the first-level liquid inlet pipe is used to connect with the liquid supply pipeline assembly; multiple second-level liquid inlet pipes are connected with the first-level liquid inlet pipe, and multiple second-level liquid inlet pipes shunt the heat transfer medium in the first-level liquid inlet pipe to multiple battery module units; multiple third-level liquid inlet pipes are connected with the second-level liquid inlet pipe, and multiple third-level liquid inlet pipes shunt the heat transfer medium in the second-level liquid inlet pipe to multiple battery modules; the return liquid pipeline assembly includes a first-level liquid outlet pipe, a second-level liquid outlet pipe and a third-level liquid outlet pipe; multiple third-level liquid outlet pipes are connected with the second-level liquid outlet pipe, used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each battery module into the second-level liquid outlet pipe, each second-level liquid outlet pipe is connected with the first-level liquid outlet pipe, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with multiple battery module units is gathered into the first-level liquid outlet pipe, and the first-level liquid outlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, there are multiple battery clusters arranged in a matrix; the liquid supply pipeline assembly includes a primary shunt pipe, a secondary shunt pipe and a tertiary shunt pipe; the inlet of the primary shunt pipe is used to connect to a heat treatment unit; the secondary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary shunt pipe to different columns or rows of battery clusters, and the tertiary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the secondary shunt pipe to multiple battery clusters in the same column or row; the liquid outlet pipeline assembly includes a primary confluence pipe, a secondary confluence pipe and a tertiary confluence pipe; the tertiary confluence pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of multiple battery clusters in the same column or row into the secondary confluence pipe; the secondary shunt pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of different columns or rows of battery clusters into the primary confluence pipe; the outlet of the primary confluence pipe is used to connect to a heat treatment unit.

[0015] Furthermore, at least part of the liquid supply pipeline assembly, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid return pipeline assembly is provided with an insulation layer, and at the same time, the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines.

[0016] Furthermore, a water replenishing joint is provided on the first-level shunt pipe for replenishing heat transfer medium to the temperature control system, an exhaust valve is provided on the first-level confluence pipe, and the second-level liquid outlet pipe is connected to the first-level liquid outlet pipe by a quick-connect joint and a hose. At the same time, in the same row of battery clusters, two adjacent battery clusters share one first-level liquid outlet pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat treatment unit includes a temperature controller, the liquid inlet of the temperature controller is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid outlet of the temperature controller is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly. The temperature controller is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium. At the same time, the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the temperature controller are provided with blocking joints, which can seal the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller.

[0018] Furthermore, the heat treatment unit also includes a radiator and a control valve; the control valve is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the radiator are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly to dissipate heat for the heat transfer medium.

[0019] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0020] Furthermore, the liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the 1st to M-1th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0021] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0022] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0023] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment system also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank, and the buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0024] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment system also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the battery module explosion relief part.

[0025] Furthermore, the flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold, the primary manifold is connected to the battery modules arranged in the same row, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0026] Furthermore, an explosion-relief pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber is provided on the outer shell; the explosion-relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion-relief component and a second explosion-relief component; the first explosion-relief component includes a first hollow pipe connected to the outer shell, and an explosion-relief membrane is provided in the first hollow pipe; the second explosion-relief component is a three-way pipe, and its first interface is sealed and connected to the first explosion-relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion-relief components of two adjacent battery modules are connected by a flexible pipe section to form a primary collector.

[0027] Furthermore, the first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

[0028] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes at least one of an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell, and the gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each single cell.

[0029] Furthermore, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber, the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell, the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell. When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] 1. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the battery module places multiple single cells in a shell with a shared chamber, and uses the shared chamber to communicate with the inner cavities of each single cell in the shell, thereby reducing the differences between the single cells and improving the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. The energy storage device has a temperature control system and a flue gas treatment system. The temperature control system controls the temperature of the battery module during operation to avoid thermal runaway of the battery module as much as possible; for battery modules that have already experienced thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module is treated by the flue gas treatment system to reduce the safety hazards caused by the exhaust of the thermal runaway flue gas. This dual setting improves the safety and reliability of the battery module during operation and thermal runaway.

[0032] 2. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the heat exchange unit is a heat transfer tube, which exchanges heat with the polarity terminals of each single battery. The heat transfer tube transfers the heat of the polarity terminals where the heat is most concentrated in the battery module to the outside for processing, so as to ensure that the battery module operates within the optimal temperature range. At the same time, the heat transfer tube is arranged in the through groove or through hole of the polarity terminal and is in direct contact with the polarity terminals of each battery module, so that the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal have a larger contact area, further improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0033] 3. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the insulation between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminals of each single battery is achieved by providing an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve on the heat transfer tube. This insulation method is not only easy to implement, but also can maintain reliable insulation performance when the heat transfer tube and the battery module are exchanging heat, thereby improving the safety of the heat transfer tube and the battery module during use.

[0034] 4. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the heat transfer pipe is a spliced ​​pipe structure of a first pipe, a second pipe and a connecting pipe, and the spliced ​​pipe structure is easy to install. Furthermore, the connecting pipe in the spliced ​​pipe can be an insulating hose, which improves the installability of the heat transfer pipe on the battery module, and also improves the insulation of the positive and negative terminals of the battery module, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module. When the battery module is working, the temperature of the positive terminal is higher than the temperature of the negative terminal. At this time, the port of the first pipe is used as the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer pipe, and the port of the second pipe is used as the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer pipe. The first pipe of the heat transfer pipe is connected to the positive terminal of the battery module, and the second pipe is connected to the negative terminal of the battery module. The heat transfer medium in the heat transfer pipe first exchanges heat with the positive terminal with a higher temperature, and then exchanges heat with the negative terminal, so that the temperature of the positive terminal and the negative terminal is relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability of the battery module when working.

[0035] 5. In the energy storage device of the present invention, a pressure plate is also provided on the top of the heat transfer tube, and the pressure plate is connected to the polarity terminal of each single cell, so as to realize reliable parallel connection between each single cell. At the same time, the pressure plate cooperates with the polarity terminal to press the heat transfer tube into the through groove of the polarity terminal, so that the heat transfer tube and the through groove of the polarity terminal are in close contact, and there is almost no heat conduction gap between the two, which improves the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal. In addition, there is an insulating pad between the pressure plate and the heat transfer tube, which further ensures the insulation between the metal tube and the pressure plate.

[0036] 6. In the energy storage device of the present invention, an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the battery module shell. When condensation occurs on the surface of the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal, the condensation cannot penetrate into the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole under the blocking of the insulating sealant layer, thereby preventing the battery module from short-circuiting. In addition, the battery module uses an insulating protective cover to provide insulation protection for the polarity terminal, avoiding the potential safety hazards of the polarity terminal being exposed during the operation of the battery module, and also avoiding the problem of some foreign matter in the external environment falling into the polarity terminal position causing the battery module to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0037] 7. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly and the liquid return pipeline assembly are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the liquid supply pipeline assembly is divided step by step and evenly distributed to each battery module, and the heat transfer medium flow allocated to each battery module is balanced, so that each battery module in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of each battery module.

[0038] 8. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the liquid supply pipeline assembly and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the heat treatment unit is divided step by step and evenly distributed to each battery cluster, and the heat transfer medium flow allocated to each battery cluster is balanced, so that each battery cluster and each battery module in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage device.

[0039] 9. In the energy storage device of the present invention, at least part of the liquid supply pipeline assembly, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid return pipeline assembly is provided with an insulation layer, which can effectively prevent the loss of cold or heat of the heat transfer medium and reduce energy consumption, and can also avoid condensation on the pipe wall of each pipeline. At the same time, the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines. This spliced ​​pipeline reduces the error and assembly difficulty when connecting the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe. At the same time, during subsequent maintenance of this spliced ​​pipeline, it is only necessary to remove the pipeline connector of the relevant battery module for maintenance, without removing the entire pipeline assembly, and installation and maintenance are very convenient.

[0040] 10. In the energy storage device of the present invention, a water supply joint is provided on the first-level shunt pipe for replenishing heat transfer medium to the temperature control system, and an exhaust valve is provided on the first-level confluence pipe for exhausting air in the temperature control system. The water supply joint and the exhaust valve work together to enable the temperature control system to efficiently achieve temperature control of each battery module, thereby improving the temperature control effect of the temperature control system.

[0041] 11. In the energy storage device of the present invention, in the battery clusters in the same row, the primary liquid outlet pipes of adjacent battery clusters are one pipeline. This arrangement can reduce the number of pipelines and facilitate pipeline layout; at the same time, the secondary liquid outlet pipe is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe by a quick-connect connector and a hose, which reduces the installation error during pipeline connection, reduces the on-site installation requirements, and further increases the convenience of pipeline installation.

[0042] 12. In the energy storage device of the present invention, blocking joints are provided on the liquid inlet and outlet of the temperature controller. When the temperature controller is being repaired, the blocking joints can prevent the outflow of the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller without the need for corresponding draining operations, thereby improving the convenience and reliability of maintenance.

[0043] 13. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the heat treatment unit controls the temperature of the battery module through a combination of a temperature controller and a radiator. When the temperature is not extreme, the radiator is used to cool the battery module using the ambient temperature. When the temperature is too high or too low in extreme conditions, the temperature controller is started for heating or cooling. This can maximize the use of the ambient temperature and reduce the energy consumption of temperature control.

[0044] 14. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the flue gas treatment unit treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in a variety of ways to avoid safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0045] 15. In the energy storage device of the present invention, since the above-mentioned battery module contains a certain amount of electrolyte, the electrolyte enters the liquid treatment device after being ejected with the thermal runaway smoke when the battery module thermally runs away. The liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte and part of the gas in the thermal runaway smoke. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke is too large, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank by the thermal runaway smoke, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed into the subsequent device and affecting the subsequent device.

[0046] 16. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device can controllably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas after ignition can be directly discharged. This combination method can fully and safely treat the thermal runaway flue gas without causing hidden dangers such as combustion and explosion.

[0047] 17. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, which can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution is greatly reduced. Among them, the treatment effect of 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution on thermal runaway flue gas is more prominent.

[0048] 18. In the energy storage device of the present invention, a buffer tank is added at the front end of the flue gas treatment unit. The buffer tank not only buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, but also allows the thermal runaway flue gas to enter the flue gas treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is fully treated by the flue gas treatment unit. At the same time, the buffer tank can collect part of the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the use cost of the rear flue gas treatment unit.

[0049] 19. In the energy storage device of the present invention, a safety device is added to the flue gas treatment system. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, the safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device to avoid the potential safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold, thereby improving the safety of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment.

[0050] 20. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the battery modules arranged in the same row, and the secondary manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas manifold converges the thermal runaway flue gas of all battery modules. When a single battery in any battery module has thermal runaway, its thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged through the flue gas manifold, reducing the risk of thermal runaway spreading.

[0051] 21. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the explosion-proof pipe assembly of the battery module is designed as a three-way pipe segment, and the three-way pipe segments of adjacent battery modules are connected by a flexible pipe segment to form a primary manifold. Compared with the flue gas manifold using a whole-tube structure, the installation accuracy requirements for the explosion-proof pipe assembly of each battery module are relatively small. The installation deviation of the explosion-proof pipe assembly can be compensated by the deformation of the flexible pipe segment, thereby reducing the difficulty of installing the flue gas manifold.

[0052] 22. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the shared chamber includes at least one of an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each monomer battery. By using the electrolyte shared chamber and the electrolyte area of ​​each monomer battery located in the shell to be connected, the electrolyte of each monomer battery is shared to ensure the consistency of each monomer battery, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. The gas shared chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each monomer battery. By using the gas shared chamber and the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each monomer battery located in the shell to be connected, the gas of each monomer battery is balanced, which improves the consistency between each monomer battery to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent.

[0053] 23. In the energy storage device of the present invention, the shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell, and the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell. The gas channel serves as a shared explosion-proof channel. When the explosion-proof part of any single cell is broken by the inner cavity smoke, the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell is discharged through the gas channel, thereby improving the safety of the battery module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage device in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module (polarity terminals are poles) in Example 1;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module in Example 1 (part of the housing is omitted);

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a battery module in Example 1 (polarity terminals are poles and pole adapters);

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the heat transfer unit in Example 1;

[0059] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of multiple battery modules, flue gas manifolds, and heat transport units in Example 1;

[0060] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of multiple battery modules, flue gas manifolds, and heat transport units in Example 1;

[0061] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat transport unit and the heat treatment unit in Example 1;

[0062] Fig. 9Schematic diagram of the liquid inlet pipeline assembly and the liquid return pipeline assembly in Example 1;

[0063] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the liquid supply pipeline assembly and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly in Example 1;

[0064] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blocking connector in Example 1;

[0065] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between multiple battery modules and a flue gas manifold in Example 1;

[0066] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing of the primary manifold in Example 1;

[0067] Fig.14 The explosion of the explosion relief pipe assembly in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0068] Fig.15 The explosion of the explosion relief pipe assembly in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0069] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the energy storage device in Example 1 (the primary manifold is a whole tube);

[0070] Fig.17 is a schematic structural diagram of the liquid treatment device in Example 1;

[0071] Fig.18 It is a structural schematic diagram of the liquid treatment tank in Example 1;

[0072] Fig.19 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure plate in Example 2;

[0073] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in Example 2;

[0074] Fig.21 This is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a battery module in Example 2;

[0075] Fig. 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module in Example 3;

[0076] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of a battery module with an insulating protective cover in Example 3;

[0077] Fig.24 is a schematic diagram of a heat treatment unit in Example 4;

[0078] Fig.25 Schematic diagram of the heat transfer medium flow in Example 4 Figure 1 ;

[0079] Fig.26 Schematic diagram of the heat transfer medium flow in Example 4 Figure 2 ;

[0080] Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit in Example 5;

[0081] Fig.28 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas treatment unit in Example 6;

[0082] Fig.29 Schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 7 Figure 1 ;

[0083] Fig.30 Schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 7 Figure 2 ;

[0084] Fig.31 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit in Example 8.

[0085] Figure numerals: 100-energy storage box, 1001-battery compartment, 1002-equipment compartment, 1-battery module, 2-heat exchange unit, 3-heat transfer unit, 4-heat treatment unit, 5-smoke manifold, 6-liquid treatment device, 7-buffer device, 8-ignition device, 9-safety device, 10-solid treatment device, 11-housing, 12-single battery, 13-polarity terminal, 14-insulating protective cover, 15-insulating sealant layer, 16-pressing plate, 17-electrical connector, 18-insulating pad, 19-explosion relief pipe assembly, 111- Electrolyte shared chamber, 112-gas shared chamber, 131-clamping part, 161-pressing part, 162-fixing part, 163-connecting hole, 191-first explosion relief component, 1911-first hollow pipe, 1912-second hollow pipe, 192-second explosion relief component; 21-heat transfer pipe, 211-first pipe, 212-second pipe, 213-connecting pipe, 22-insulating layer, 23-insulating sleeve, 31-liquid inlet pipeline assembly, 32-liquid return pipeline assembly, 33-liquid supply pipeline assembly, 34-liquid outlet pipeline assembly, 35-hose, 36 -Quick-connect connector, 311-first-stage liquid inlet pipe, 312-second-stage liquid inlet pipe, 313-third-stage liquid inlet pipe, 321-first-stage liquid outlet pipe, 322-second-stage liquid outlet pipe, 323-third-stage liquid outlet pipe, 331-first-stage manifold, 332-second-stage manifold, 333-third-stage manifold, 341-first-stage confluence pipe, 342-second-stage confluence pipe, 343-third-stage confluence pipe, 41-temperature controller, 42-radiator, 43-control valve, 44-blocking connector, 441-connector end pipe, 442-regulating valve, 443-welding chuck, 51-first-stage manifold, 52-secondary manifold, 511-flexible pipe section, 61-liquid treatment tank, 62-smoke inlet, 63-smoke outlet, 64-drainage pipe, 65-diversion part, 66-three-way valve, 67-spiral baffle, 68-connecting pipeline, 71-buffer tank, 72-smoke inlet, 73-smoke outlet, 74-drain valve, 81-smoke pipeline, 82-smoke exhaust pipe, 83-igniter, 84-trigger, 85-flame arrester, 91-safety pipeline, 92-safety discharge part, 921-pressure measuring device, 922-control valve, 101-solid treatment tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] The "other embodiments" that appear in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or selective embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0088] In the description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0089] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] like Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage device provided in this embodiment includes a flue gas treatment system, a temperature control system and at least one battery cluster, each battery cluster includes at least one battery module 1. The temperature control system includes a heat exchange unit 2, a heat transfer unit 3 and a heat treatment unit 4; the heat exchange unit 2 is used to perform heat exchange with each battery module 1, and the heat transfer unit 3 is used to realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit 2 and the heat treatment unit 4; the heat treatment unit 4 is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer unit 3. The temperature control system is mainly used to control the temperature of the battery modules in each battery cluster during operation, so that each battery module 1 operates within a suitable temperature range, and avoids thermal runaway of the battery module 1 as much as possible, which may cause safety hazards. The flue gas treatment system includes a flue gas manifold 5 and a flue gas treatment unit, and the flue gas manifold 5 is used to transport the thermal runaway generated by the battery module 1 to the flue gas treatment unit; the flue gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module 1. The flue gas treatment system effectively treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module 1 when the battery module 1 undergoes thermal runaway, so as to reduce the potential safety hazard caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0092] The number of battery modules 1 in each battery cluster is set according to the needs of the energy storage device, and multiple battery modules 1 are arranged in series and parallel to meet the charging and discharging needs. In order to improve the energy density, the above-mentioned battery modules 1 can be arranged in the following manner: multiple battery modules 1 are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction to form a battery module unit, and then multiple battery module units are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster. If the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the multiple battery clusters can be arranged in a matrix.

[0093] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the battery module 1 in this embodiment includes a housing 11 and a plurality of single cells 12, and the plurality of single cells 12 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the housing 11. The housing 11 is provided with a shared chamber, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells 12. The single cells 12 in this embodiment are square shell batteries, and the number can be adjusted according to actual needs. The inner cavity of each single cell 12 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area.

[0094] like Figure 3 As shown, after a plurality of single cells 12 are arranged in the same direction and placed in the outer shell 11, avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the outer shell 11 corresponding to the polarity terminals 13 of each single cell 12, and the polarity terminals 13 of each single cell 12 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes as the polarity terminals of the battery module 1 (the polarity terminals 13 of all single cells 12 on one side serve as the positive polarity terminals of the battery module 1, and the polarity terminals 13 of all single cells 12 on the other side serve as the negative polarity terminals of the battery module 1), and the top plate area of ​​the outer shell 11 corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell 12, so that the gap between the polarity terminals and the avoidance holes is sealed.

[0095] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 13 of the single cell 12 here can be a pole of the single cell 12, such as Figure 2 In order to prevent the pole of the single battery 12 from being able to smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as the polarity terminal 13, a pole adapter can be connected to the pole of the single battery 12, and the overall structure of the pole of the single battery 12 and the pole adapter can be used as the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12, as shown. Figure 4 shown.

[0096] The shared chamber in the above-mentioned shell 11 can be an electrolyte shared chamber 111. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the inner electrolyte area of ​​all the single cells 12. Through the electrolyte shared chamber 111, each single cell can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte in each single cell and improving the performance and charge and discharge cycle life of the battery module 1.

[0097] The shared chamber in the above-mentioned shell 11 can be a gas sharing chamber 112. The inner cavity of the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected to the inner gas areas of all the single cells 12. The gas balance of each single cell 12 is achieved through the gas sharing chamber 112, which can also improve the performance and charge and discharge cycle life of the battery module 1.

[0098] The above-mentioned shared chamber can be a gas-liquid shared chamber, and the inner cavity of the gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​the inner cavity of all the single cells 12. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each single cell can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module 1. In the specific setting, a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single cells 12 is provided on the side wall of the shell, and a gas-liquid shared chamber is formed at the protrusion, and the gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​each single cell.

[0099] The above-mentioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 111 and a gas shared chamber 112. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavities of all the single cells 12, and the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 112 is connected to the gas area of ​​the inner cavities of all the single cells 12. The above-mentioned battery module 1 places multiple single cells 12 inside a shell 11 with a shared chamber, and uses the shared chamber and the inner cavities of each single cell 12 located in the shell 11 to communicate with each other, so that the electrolyte and gas of each single cell 12 are shared to ensure the consistency of each single cell 12, that is, the electrolyte and gas of each single cell 12 are connected, so that the electrolyte and gas of all single cells 12 are in the same system, which reduces the difference between each single cell 12, improves the consistency between each single cell 12 to a certain extent, and thus improves the cycle life of the battery module 1 to a certain extent.

[0100] The above-mentioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 111 and a gas shared chamber 112. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 111 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​the inner cavities of all the single cells 12, and the gas shared chamber 112 is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single cell, and the gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell (specifically, it can be an explosion venting film). When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken by the internal thermal runaway smoke, the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of the single cell is connected to the inner cavity of the gas chamber.

[0101] The housing 11 provided with the gas sharing chamber 112 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 may specifically adopt the following structure:

[0102] 1) The outer shell includes an outer cylinder, an upper cover, and a lower cover; the top and bottom of the outer cylinder are open, the upper cover is sealed and fixed (welded) to the top of the outer cylinder, and a evacuation hole is provided on the upper cover to allow each single battery pole to extend out, and the lower cover is sealed and fixed (welded) to the bottom of the outer cylinder. At the same time, the upper cover is provided with a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single battery, and a gas sharing chamber is formed at the protrusion. The lower cover is provided with a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single battery, and an electrolyte sharing chamber is formed at the protrusion.

[0103] 2) The housing includes a U-shaped housing, a first cover plate, a third cover plate and a second cover plate; the first cover plate and the third cover plate respectively cover the two opposite open ends of the U-shaped housing; the second cover plate covers the open end at the top of the U-shaped housing and is sealed with the open end, and a evacuation hole is provided on the second cover plate to allow each single cell pole to extend out, and at the same time, a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single cells is provided on the second cover plate, and a gas sharing chamber is formed at the protrusion portion, and an electrolyte sharing chamber is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped housing, and the electrolyte sharing chamber is a liquid channel provided between the housing bottom plate and each single cell;

[0104] 3) If Figure 3 As shown, the housing 11 includes an outer cylinder, a front cover, and a rear cover; the front and rear of the outer cylinder are open, the front cover is sealed and fixed (welded) to the front of the outer cylinder, and the rear cover is sealed and fixed (welded) to the rear of the outer cylinder. Figure 3 The top of the outer cylinder is provided with a evacuation hole for allowing the poles of each single battery 12 to extend out, the top of the outer cylinder is provided with a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the single battery 12, a gas sharing chamber 112 is formed at the protrusion, and the bottom of the outer cylinder is provided with an electrolyte sharing chamber 111, which is a liquid channel arranged between the bottom plate or support plate of the outer cylinder and the bottom of each single battery 12.

[0105] The bottom of the housing 11 is provided with an electrolyte sharing chamber 111, which is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell 12. It should be noted that the electrolyte sharing chamber 111 is an electrolyte containing chamber, which is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell 12 to ensure that the electrolyte in the entire battery module does not contact the external environment.

[0106] A gas sharing chamber 112 is provided on the top of the housing, and the gas sharing chamber 112 covers the gas ports on the tops of the individual cells 12 in the battery module. The gas ports here include the following two meanings:

[0107] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the upper cover plate of the single cell 12 and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell 12; at this time, the inner cavity of the gas sharing chamber 112 is connected with the gas area of ​​the inner cavity of each single cell 12 through the gas port. Based on the gas sharing chamber 112, the gas areas of each single cell 12 can be connected to achieve gas balance, so that the gas of each single cell 12 is shared to ensure the consistency of each single cell 12, and the cycle life of the battery module is improved to a certain extent; when any single cell 12 has thermal runaway, the smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell 12 enters the gas sharing chamber 112 and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 112, thereby improving the safety of the battery module;

[0108] 2) The gas port is an explosion venting port arranged on the upper cover plate of the single cell 12, and an explosion venting membrane is provided at the explosion venting port to form an explosion venting part; at this time, the gas sharing chamber 112 is used as a shared explosion venting channel. When the explosion venting membrane at the gas port of any single cell 12 is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity of the single cell 12 is discharged through the gas sharing chamber 112, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0109] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to improve the safety of the above-mentioned battery modules 1 when in use, the energy storage device is provided with a temperature control system, and the temperature control system controls the temperature of the battery module 1 when in operation. During specific installation, the energy storage box 100 of the energy storage device is divided into a battery compartment 1001 and an equipment compartment 1002, and each battery module 1 and the heat exchange unit 2 and the heat transfer unit 3 are installed in the battery compartment 1001, and the heat treatment unit 4 is arranged in the equipment compartment 1002. This installation method not only makes the installation and maintenance of the battery module 1 and the temperature control system more convenient, but also facilitates the arrangement and installation of various components in the energy storage device, improves the space utilization rate inside the energy storage box 100, facilitates the integration of the energy storage device, and thus can increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0110] In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit 2 in the temperature control system is mainly used for heat exchange with each battery module 1. The heat exchange unit 2 can be a heat transfer plate or heat transfer tube that contacts the polarity terminal of each battery module 1 or contacts the outer shell 11. The above-mentioned heat transfer plate or heat transfer tube is connected to the heat treatment unit 4 through the heat transfer unit 3 to control the temperature of the battery module.

[0111] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the heat exchange unit 2 in this embodiment includes at least one heat transfer tube 21, which is used to exchange heat with the polarity terminals of each battery module 1. It has been found through research that during the charging and discharging process of the battery module 1, the temperature at the polarity terminal position is the highest temperature of the battery module 1. Processing the heat at the polarity terminal can effectively dissipate the heat of the battery module 1, thereby achieving effective temperature control of the battery module 1.

[0112] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 21 is installed on the polarity terminal of the battery module 1, which is mainly used to control the temperature of the top of the battery module 1, especially the polarity terminal of the battery module 1, to ensure that the battery module 1 operates within the optimal temperature range. Figure 3 As shown, the part where the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12 protrudes from the avoidance hole is provided with a clamping part 131, and each heat transfer tube 21 is fixed on the clamping part 131 of each single battery 12 in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the heat transfer tube 21 is directly connected to the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12, and the heat on the polarity terminal where the heat is relatively concentrated is timely discharged, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect on the top of the battery module 1. In addition, when the temperature of the battery module 1 is lower than the set threshold, the battery module 1 is heated by passing a heat transfer medium with a higher temperature into the heat transfer tube 21; by controlling the temperature of the heat transfer medium, it can be ensured that the battery module 1 always operates at a normal operating temperature.

[0113] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the heat transfer tube 21 is a pipe with a heat exchange function. There is no requirement for the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer tube 21, as long as it can contact the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12 for heat exchange. For example, a square tube, an elliptical tube, a round tube, etc. can be used. In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 21 is preferably a round tube, which is easy to install and can be made of an existing metal tube, and the cost is relatively low.

[0114] At the same time, in order to improve the heat exchange effect, the heat transfer tube 21 adopts a metal tube with good thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum tube, a copper tube, etc. Preferably, the heat transfer tube 21 adopts an aluminum tube with good thermal conductivity and relatively low cost. In order to ensure the heat conduction effect, the thinner the wall thickness of the aluminum tube, the better. However, if the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is too thin, the aluminum tube is relatively soft and is easy to bend and break during installation. Therefore, the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is preferably 0.5mm to 1mm. The aluminum tube with this wall thickness can maintain its installation reliability while having good thermal conductivity, avoiding the risk of easy bending and damage when the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is thin. In actual use, the diameter of the aluminum tube is generally about 10mm to 20mm.

[0115] The heat transfer tube 21 is mainly used to achieve heat exchange with the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal of the battery module 1, wherein the polarity terminals of all the single batteries 12 on one side serve as the first polarity terminals of the battery module 1, and the polarity terminals of all the single batteries 12 on the other side serve as the second polarity terminals of the battery module 1. The heat transfer tube 21 can be implemented in the following structure:

[0116] First, the heat transfer tube 21 can be made of a whole tube, and the whole metal tube is bent into a U-shaped tube, and the two straight tubes of the U-shaped tube are respectively fixed on the clamping parts 131 of the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal of the battery module 1;

[0117] Second, if Figure 4 As shown, the heat transfer tube 21 includes an L-shaped first tube segment and a second tube segment; the first tube segment is fixed to the first polarity terminal of the battery module 1; the second tube segment is fixed to the second polarity terminal of the battery module 1, and the relatively shorter tube segments of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 are connected by a joint;

[0118] Third, if Figure 2 As shown, the heat transfer tube 21 mainly includes a first tube 211, a second tube 212 and a connecting tube 213; the first tube 211 is fixed on the clamping portion 131 of the first polarity terminal of the battery module 1; the second tube 212 is fixed on the clamping portion 131 of the second polarity terminal of the battery module 1, and both ends of the connecting tube 213 are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 located on the same side.

[0119] In order to facilitate installation, the heat transfer tube 21 is preferably a third type of spliced ​​pipeline. At the same time, the connecting tube 213 of the spliced ​​heat transfer tube can also be made of a hose. After the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 are connected by a hose, the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 are conveniently installed on the first polarity terminal and the second polarity terminal of the battery module 1, respectively, thereby improving the installability of the heat transfer tube 21 on the battery module 1. At the same time, the hose is an insulating hose, which improves the insulation between the battery module 1 and the heat transfer tube 21. During the specific connection, the insulating hose and the first tube 211 and the second tube 212 are fixedly connected by a clamp.

[0120] In addition, when the battery module 1 is working, the temperature of the positive terminal is higher than that of the negative terminal. At this time, the port of the first tube 211 is used as the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube 21, and the port of the second tube 212 is used as the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube 21. At the same time, the first tube 211 of the heat transfer tube 21 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery module 1, and the second tube 212 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery module 1. When the heat transfer tube 21 exchanges heat with the battery module 1, the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube 21 first exchanges heat with the positive terminal with a higher temperature, and then exchanges heat with the negative terminal, so that the temperatures of the positive terminal and the negative terminal are relatively balanced, thereby improving the reliability of the battery module 1 when working.

[0121] like Figure 3As shown, when the heat transfer tube 21 is installed, a through groove or through hole is provided at the position where the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12 extends out of the avoidance hole, as a clamping portion 131; compared with the through hole, the through groove is more convenient for on-site installation, and the installation requirements are relatively low. The through groove is arranged, and the cross section of the through groove is C-shaped or U-shaped. The opening width of the through groove with a C-shaped cross section is smaller than the widest part of the through groove. Such a design is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 21 in the through groove. The arc formed at both ends of the C-shaped through groove has natural tension, which is conducive to the heat transfer tube 21 being tightly clamped in the through groove.

[0122] After the heat transfer tube 21 is connected to the polarity terminal of the battery module 1, in order to ensure the safety of the battery module 1 during operation, the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal of the battery module 1 need to be insulated. Specifically, the insulation can be achieved by the following methods:

[0123] First, the polarity terminal 13 is insulated;

[0124] The polarity terminal 13 of each single battery is insulated. Specifically, an insulating layer 22 is provided on the portion of each single battery polarity terminal 13 that contacts the heat transfer tube 21. The insulating layer 22 may be a ceramic coating such as boron nitride, aluminum oxide, or copper fluoride coating, or an insulating paint layer formed by coating, or a hard oxide layer formed by oxidation treatment, or an enamel insulating layer, etc. In a specific configuration, the insulating layer is formed on the groove wall of the through groove of the polarity terminal 13 or the hole wall of the through hole;

[0125] Second, an insulating heat-conducting member is provided between the polarity terminal 13 and the heat transfer tube 21;

[0126] An insulating heat-conducting member is provided between each single battery polarity terminal 13 and the heat transfer tube 21, for example, an insulating plastic pad, an insulating rubber pad, a heat-conducting ceramic pad, etc. are provided between each single battery polarity terminal 13 and the heat transfer tube 21;

[0127] Third, the heat transfer tube 21 is insulated;

[0128] When the heat transfer tube 21 is insulated, the heat transfer tube 21 can be made of insulating materials, such as plastic tubes or ceramic tubes. However, the thermal conductivity of metal tubes, plastic tubes or ceramic tubes is relatively poor. Therefore, the heat transfer tube 21 is preferably a metal tube. Figure 4As shown, an insulating layer 22 or an insulating sleeve 23 is provided on the metal tube to ensure the insulation between the metal tube and the battery module 1 when in use. Preferably, both the insulating layer 22 and the insulating sleeve 23 are provided on the heat transfer tube 21 to form a double insulation structure; this double insulation setting enables the heat transfer tube 21 to maintain reliable insulation performance with the battery module 1 when heat is exchanged with the battery module 1, even if one of the insulating layer 22 or the insulating sleeve 23 is damaged, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 1 during use.

[0129] The structure of the heat transfer tube 21 having the insulating layer 22 and the insulating sleeve 23 is described in detail below by taking the metal tube as an aluminum tube as an example.

[0130] When the aluminum tube is provided with an insulating layer 22, the insulating layer 22 is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube and is an integral structure with the aluminum tube. The insulating layer 22 can be implemented in the following ways:

[0131] First, a ceramic coating, i.e., a high-temperature electrical insulation coating, is formed on the wall of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer. The ceramic coating may be boron nitride, aluminum oxide, or copper fluoride coating. However, the insulating layer formed in this way is easy to fall off and the processing cost is high.

[0132] Second, a layer of insulating material (such as insulating paint, etc.) is coated on the wall surface of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer; this method is easy to process and implement, and the processing cost is low;

[0133] Third, an enamel insulation layer is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube. The enamel insulation layer is formed on the outer tube wall of the aluminum tube and is an integrated structure with the aluminum tube;

[0134] Fourth, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form an insulating layer. Oxidation is to use the chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film to improve the insulation performance of the metal surface. For example, electrochemical oxidation method, etc. Specifically, the aluminum tube is oxidized to form a hard oxide layer. The insulating layer formed by this method is not easy to fall off, and the insulation performance is relatively good.

[0135] It should be noted that the tube wall can be the outer tube wall of the aluminum tube or the inner tube wall, preferably the outer tube wall. The thicker the hard oxide layer formed by oxidation treatment, the better the insulation, but its thermal conductivity will be reduced. In this embodiment, the thickness of the hard oxide layer is preferably 20um to 50um. The hard oxide layer of this thickness ensures the insulation performance while also making the side wall of the aluminum tube have better thermal conductivity.

[0136] The insulating sleeve 23 can be made of insulating materials with good thermal conductivity, so that it has good thermal conductivity and good insulation performance. In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve 23 adopts a thermally conductive plastic sleeve or a thermally conductive rubber sleeve with good insulation and thermal conductivity, such as a thermally conductive silicone sleeve, etc. At the same time, the thickness of the insulating sleeve 23 is preferably 0.1mm to 1.5mm, which can ensure good thermal conductivity while ensuring excellent insulation performance. The cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve 23 can be circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped, as long as it can be sleeved on the aluminum tube with the insulating layer 22 to achieve insulation at the contact point between the aluminum tube and the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve 23 is preferably the same as the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum tube, so that the insulating sleeve 23 can be tightly nested on the aluminum tube to improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum tube. In addition, when the above-mentioned insulating sleeve 23 is installed and matched with the heat transfer tube 21, the size of the insulating sleeve 23 is set to be slightly smaller than the size of the heat transfer tube 21, so that the insulating sleeve 23 can be tightly nested on the heat transfer tube 21 with the insulating layer 22, or the insulating sleeve 23 can also be put on the heat transfer tube 21 with the insulating layer 22 by heat shrinking.

[0137] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the heat transfer pipe 21 contains a heat transfer medium, and after exchanging heat with the battery module 1, the heat transfer medium is transported to the heat treatment unit 4 through the heat transfer unit 3. The heat transfer unit 3 in this embodiment includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and a liquid return pipeline assembly 32; the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 mainly realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium between the heat treatment unit 4 and each battery cluster, and the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium in each battery cluster.

[0138] like Figure 5 As shown, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 transports the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit 4 to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 gathers the heat transfer medium after heat exchange in each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit 4. In each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 diverts the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 to multiple battery modules 1; the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 gathers the heat transfer medium after heat exchange in multiple battery modules 1 to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, and the heat transfer medium forms a circulation loop with the heat treatment unit 4 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, the liquid return pipeline assembly 32, and the heat treatment unit 4, so as to control the temperature of the battery modules 1 in each battery cluster.

[0139] The pipeline arrangement of the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 is described in detail below.

[0140] If the number of battery clusters in the energy storage device is one, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are both single pipelines, which are respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 and the heat treatment unit 4 to realize the transportation of the heat transfer medium.

[0141] If the number of battery clusters in the energy storage device is N, N is greater than 1, and the N battery clusters are arranged in a matrix, then the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are both combinations of multiple pipelines, and the corresponding pipelines are arranged according to the arrangement of the battery clusters. The specific arrangement is as follows:

[0142] First, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 include N liquid supply pipelines and N liquid outlet pipelines; the N liquid supply pipelines are connected one by one with the liquid inlet pipeline assemblies 31 in the N battery clusters, and the other ends are connected to the heat treatment unit 4; the N liquid outlet pipelines are connected one by one with the liquid return pipeline assemblies 32 in the N battery clusters, and the other ends are connected to the heat treatment unit 4, that is, each battery cluster is connected to the heat treatment unit 4 by an independent pipeline, and this kind of pipeline setting requires more pipelines to be installed and manufactured. At the same time, the heat treatment unit 4 needs to be provided with N liquid inlets and N liquid outlets, which makes the structure of the heat treatment unit 4 more complicated;

[0143] Second, if Figure 8 As shown, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 includes a primary shunt pipe 331, a secondary shunt pipe 332 and a tertiary shunt pipe 333; the inlet of the primary shunt pipe 331 is used to connect with the heat treatment unit 4; the secondary shunt pipe 332 is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary shunt pipe 331 to different columns or rows of battery clusters, and the tertiary shunt pipe 333 is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the secondary shunt pipe 332 to the same column or row of battery clusters; the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 includes a primary confluence pipe 341, a secondary confluence pipe 342 and a tertiary confluence pipe 343; the tertiary confluence pipe 343 is used to converge the heat transfer medium in the same column or row of battery clusters into the secondary confluence pipe 342; the secondary shunt pipe 332 is used to converge the heat transfer medium in different columns or rows of battery clusters into the primary confluence pipe 341; the outlet of the primary confluence pipe 341 is used to connect with the heat treatment unit 4.

[0144] The liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the heat treatment unit 4 is divided step by step and evenly distributed to each battery cluster, and the heat transfer medium flow allocated to each battery cluster is balanced, so that each battery cluster and each battery module 1 in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage device. At the same time, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat treatment unit 4 only needs to be provided with one liquid inlet and one liquid outlet, and the structure of the heat treatment unit 4 is relatively simple. In addition, the manufacture and installation of the entire pipeline are also relatively convenient.

[0145] In this embodiment, a water supply joint may be provided on the first-level shunt pipe 331 for replenishing heat transfer medium to the temperature control system. An exhaust valve is provided on the first-level confluence pipe 341 for exhausting air in the temperature control system. The water supply joint and the exhaust valve work together to enable the temperature control system to efficiently control the temperature of each battery module 1, thereby improving the temperature control effect of the temperature control system.

[0146] After the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 distributes the heat transfer medium processed by the heat treatment unit 4 to multiple battery clusters, each battery cluster realizes the transportation of the heat transfer medium of each battery module 1 in the battery cluster through the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32. The pipeline arrangement of the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 is described in detail below.

[0147] The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are installed and manufactured accordingly according to the number and arrangement of the battery modules 1 in the battery cluster. In this embodiment, multiple battery modules 1 are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction to form a battery module unit, and then multiple battery module units are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster. At this time, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 can be manufactured in the following manner:

[0148] First, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 and the heat transfer pipe 21 are made of an integrated pipeline, that is, the entire energy storage device includes only one pipeline for the flow of heat transfer medium, and the pipeline can be specifically made of an aluminum tube, which is bent multiple times up and down and left and right, and sequentially connected to the polarity terminals of multiple battery modules 1. This installation method requires the aluminum tube to be bent many times, and has high requirements on the quality of the pipeline. At the same time, during installation, the entire pipeline needs to be connected to the polarity terminal of each battery module 1 in turn, and the reliability and convenience of installation are relatively poor, and installation errors are prone to occur after installation.

[0149] Second, if Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 and the heat transfer tube 21 are manufactured and installed separately, and the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are manufactured through multi-stage pipelines.

[0150] The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 specifically includes a primary liquid inlet pipe 311, a secondary liquid inlet pipe 312 and a tertiary liquid inlet pipe 313; the liquid inlet port of the primary liquid inlet pipe 311 is used to connect with the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33; multiple secondary liquid inlet pipes 312 are connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe 311, and each secondary liquid inlet pipe 312 provides heat transfer medium to each battery module unit, that is, multiple secondary liquid inlet pipes 312 divide the heat transfer medium in the primary liquid inlet pipe 311 to multiple battery module units one by one; multiple tertiary liquid inlet pipes 313 are connected to the secondary liquid inlet pipe 312, and at the same time, each tertiary liquid inlet pipe 313 is respectively connected to the liquid inlet end of the heat transfer pipe 21 of each battery module 1, and each tertiary liquid inlet pipe 313 provides heat transfer medium to each battery module 1 That is to say, multiple tertiary liquid inlet pipes 313 divert the heat transfer medium in the secondary liquid inlet pipe 312 to multiple battery modules 1; the above-mentioned return liquid pipeline assembly 32 includes a primary liquid outlet pipe 321, a secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 and a tertiary liquid outlet pipe 323; each tertiary liquid outlet pipe 323 is respectively connected to the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer pipe 21 of each battery module 1, and at the same time, multiple tertiary liquid outlet pipes 323 are all connected to the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange of multiple battery modules 1 is gathered into the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322, and each secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe 321, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange of multiple battery module units is gathered into the primary liquid outlet pipe 321, and the primary liquid outlet pipe 321 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34.

[0151] The above-mentioned liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are made of multi-stage pipelines, so that the heat transfer medium flowing out of the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 is divided step by step and evenly distributed to each battery module 1, and the heat transfer medium flow allocated to each battery module 1 is balanced, so that each battery module 1 in the battery cluster has a good and balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby improving the working stability and service life of the energy storage equipment.

[0152] like Figure 7 and Fig. 9 As shown, the three-stage liquid outlet pipe 323 and the three-stage liquid outlet pipe 323 can both adopt flexible pipelines, specifically made of metal bellows. The flexible pipeline reduces the installation error with the battery module 1, reduces the on-site installation requirements, and further increases the convenience of pipeline installation.

[0153] like Figure 7As shown, the above-mentioned secondary liquid inlet pipe 312 and secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 can be formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines, that is, the secondary liquid inlet pipe 312 and the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 can be formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines and three-way joints. This splicing connection reduces the error when connecting each pipeline and the difficulty of assembly, and is very convenient for installation and disassembly. At the same time, during subsequent maintenance, this splicing connection only requires removing the pipeline connector of the relevant battery module 1 for maintenance, without removing the entire pipeline assembly, which is convenient for installation and maintenance.

[0154] like Fig. 9 As shown, in order to further facilitate the connection, the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 is connected to the primary liquid outlet pipe 321 by a quick-insert connector 36 and a hose 35. The hose 35 reduces the installation error when the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 and the primary liquid outlet pipe 321 are connected, reduces the installation requirements on site, and further increases the convenience of pipeline installation. The quick-insert connector 36 can realize the rapid installation of the secondary liquid outlet pipe 322 and the primary liquid outlet pipe 321, and can be directly plugged and unplugged without tools, which can improve the convenience of installation or disassembly. In addition, the quick-insert connector 36 can also have a two-way self-sealing function. In the process of plugging and unplugging the quick-insert connector 36, the flow of liquid can be automatically cut off, so that when the battery module 1 and the pipeline assembly are repaired, it is not necessary to empty the heat transfer medium in each pipeline, which improves the convenience of maintenance and the detachability of the pipeline, which is convenient for the subsequent maintenance and replacement of the main pipeline.

[0155] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, when the above-mentioned liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, and liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are arranged in the energy storage device, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are both located at the top of the battery cluster. This arrangement occupies a small installation space, making the pipeline assembly highly integrated. The liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are located on the same side of the battery cluster, which improves the connectivity of the entire liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and liquid return pipeline assembly 32 and the compactness of the pipeline layout, avoids pipeline stacking and crossing, increases the inconvenience of connection, and improves the convenience of installation and layout.

[0156] like Fig.10 As shown, during specific installation, the first-level liquid inlet pipe 311 and the first-level liquid outlet pipe 321 are respectively located on both sides of the battery module 1. At the same time, there are multiple battery clusters. In the same row of battery clusters, the first-level liquid outlet pipes 321 of adjacent battery clusters can share a pipeline. This arrangement can reduce the number of pipelines, and also omits the third-level confluence pipe 343 in the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, making the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 easier to set up.

[0157] In addition, all or part of the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31, and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32 are provided with an insulation layer, which can effectively prevent the loss of cold or heat of the heat transfer medium and reduce energy consumption, and can also avoid condensation on the pipe walls of each pipeline. At the same time, the diameter of each pipeline gradually decreases from the heat treatment unit 4 to the battery module, that is, the diameter of the first-level shunt pipe 331 is greater than the diameter of the second-level shunt pipe 332, the diameter of the third-level shunt pipe 333 is greater than the diameter of the first-level liquid inlet pipe 311, the diameter of the second-level liquid inlet pipe 312 is greater than the diameter of the third-level liquid inlet pipe 313, the diameter of the first-level converging pipe 341 is greater than the diameter of the second-level converging pipe 342, the diameter of the third-level converging pipe 343 is greater than the diameter of the first-level liquid outlet pipe 321, the diameter of the second-level liquid outlet pipe 322 is greater than the diameter of the third-level liquid outlet pipe 323. This arrangement reduces the flow deviation of the heat transfer medium for heat exchange with each battery module 1, reduces the temperature difference of the battery module, and increases the service life of the battery module.

[0158] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the heat treatment unit 4 in this embodiment includes a temperature controller 41, which increases or decreases the temperature of the heat transfer medium (specifically, water, ethylene glycol / water, propylene glycol / water, methanol / water, ethanol / water, calcium formate / water, etc.). The temperature controller 41 is a device with heating and / or cooling functions, such as a heating and cooling machine or a water cooler, etc., and is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium transported by the heat transport unit 3.

[0159] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the temperature controller 41 is generally provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the temperature controller 41 is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 through the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet, respectively. At this time, in order to facilitate maintenance, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature controller 41 are provided with a blocking joint 44, and the blocking joint 44 can seal the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller 41 when the temperature controller 41 is installed and disassembled.

[0160] like Fig.11As shown, the blocking joint 44 includes a joint end pipe 441, a regulating valve 442 and two welding chucks 443; one end of the regulating valve 442 is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 through the welding chuck 443, and the other end is connected to the joint end pipe 441 through the welding chuck 443. The joint end pipe 441 is used to connect with the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the temperature control machine 41. The regulating valve 442 can specifically adopt a butterfly valve. When the temperature control machine 41 works normally, the regulating valve 442 is in a normally open state, and the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 and the temperature control machine 41 is in a normal circulation state. When the temperature controller 41 needs to be disassembled and repaired, the regulating valve 442 is closed, and the blocking joint 44 blocks the inflow and outflow of the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller 41. At this time, the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 are disconnected from the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller 41. Subsequently, the temperature controller 41 and the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34 can be directly disassembled without performing corresponding draining operations, thereby improving the convenience and reliability during maintenance.

[0161] The temperature control system mainly controls the temperature of the battery modules in each battery cluster to avoid thermal runaway of the battery modules. For the battery modules that have already gone into thermal runaway, the flue gas treatment system is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery modules to avoid the potential safety hazards caused by the exhaust of the thermal runaway flue gas. The flue gas treatment system includes a flue gas manifold and a flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas manifold 5 is used to transport the thermal runaway generated by the battery module 1 to the flue gas treatment unit; the flue gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module 1.

[0162] like Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Fig.12 As shown, in order to prevent the thermal runaway smoke of the single battery 12 in an individual battery module 1 from spreading to the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway smoke of all battery modules 1 is converged by the smoke manifold 5. When the single battery 12 in any battery module 1 has thermal runaway, its thermal runaway smoke can be discharged through the smoke manifold 5 to reduce the spread of thermal runaway. The smoke manifold 5 in this embodiment includes a primary manifold 51 and a secondary manifold 52. The primary manifold 51 is connected to the battery modules 1 arranged in the same row, and the secondary manifold 52 is connected to each primary manifold 51. Figure 7 and Fig.12 Only one set of battery module units is provided for example. Figure 1 As shown, when there are multiple battery module units, the battery module units are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the secondary manifolds 52 are connected to the primary manifolds 51 to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in the primary manifolds 51 to the flue gas treatment unit.

[0163] like Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, in order to lead the thermal runaway smoke out of each battery module 1, a venting pipe assembly 19 communicating with the inner cavity of the shell 11 is provided on the shell 11 of each battery module 1; one end of the venting pipe assembly 19 is connected to the above-mentioned shared chamber, and the other end is connected to the primary manifold 51. When specifically connected, the venting pipe assembly 19 is provided on the shell 11, and communicates with at least one of the electrolyte shared chamber and the gas shared chamber. When the electrolyte shared chamber and the gas shared chamber are both connected to the explosion-proof pipe assembly 19, two groups of explosion-proof pipe assemblies 19 are provided on the outer shell, and the two groups of explosion-proof pipe assemblies 19 are respectively connected to the electrolyte shared chamber and the gas shared chamber. Subsequently, the two groups of explosion-proof pipe assemblies 19 are connected to the same primary manifold 51, or the two groups of explosion-proof pipe assemblies 19 are respectively connected to different primary manifolds 51; this arrangement enables the battery module to have two explosion-proof channels. When any single cell has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke is discharged from different explosion-proof channels, which can reduce the heat and thermal runaway smoke accumulated in the explosion-proof channels and the single cells in a short time, thereby reducing the risk of explosion.

[0164] The primary manifold 51 in this embodiment may specifically include the following structural forms.

[0165] First, Fig.16 As shown, a whole tube can be selected as the primary manifold 51, on which a plurality of branch pipes connected to the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 of each battery module 1 are provided. At this time, the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 includes a first explosion relief component and a second explosion relief component; wherein the first explosion relief component includes a first hollow pipe with an explosion relief membrane provided inside, connected to the outer shell 11; the second explosion relief component is a flexible hollow pipe, connected to the first explosion relief component. During assembly, all battery modules 1 are first arranged along the length direction of the primary manifold 51, and then each branch pipe of the primary manifold 51 is connected to the second explosion relief component of the corresponding battery module 1.

[0166] Second, if Fig.13 and Fig.14As shown, the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 is designed as a split part, and the primary manifold 51 is also designed as a split part. The explosion relief pipe assembly 19 includes a first explosion relief member 191 and a second explosion relief member 192; wherein the first explosion relief member 191 includes a first hollow pipe 1911 with an explosion relief membrane inside, which is connected to the shell 11; the second explosion relief member 192 is a three-way pipe, and its first interface (vertical pipe segment joint) is sealed and connected to the first explosion relief member 191, and the second interface and the third interface (two joints of the transverse pipe segment) are respectively used to connect with the flexible pipe segment 511 constituting the primary manifold 51. In other words, the primary manifold 51 is spliced ​​by the transverse pipe segments of multiple three-way pipes and multiple flexible pipe segments 511. During assembly, each three-way pipe segment is fixed on the corresponding first explosion relief member 191 to form a battery module 1 with an explosion relief pipe assembly 19, and then the multiple battery modules 1 are arranged in a set direction, and finally, the two adjacent three-way pipes are connected by the flexible pipe segment 511. Because the primary manifold 51 in this embodiment is a spliced ​​type and the middle connecting pipe section is a flexible pipe section 511, the deformation of the flexible pipe section 511 can compensate for the installation error of the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 and the spacing deviation of the battery module 1, thereby reducing the difficulty of installing the primary manifold 51.

[0167] In order to further improve safety, the primary manifold 51 and the battery module 1 should be insulated, for example, a flexible pipe section 511 and / or a three-way pipe section made of insulating and high temperature resistant (thermal runaway flue gas temperature) material can be used, and an insulating pipe section can be added between the first hollow pipe 1911 and the second explosion relief member 192. Specifically, Fig.15 As shown, the first explosion relief component 191 also includes a second hollow pipe 1912 connected to the first hollow pipe 1911; the second hollow pipe 1912 is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component 192 is a flexible tee pipe, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component 192 is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe 1912.

[0168] When the explosion relief tube assembly 19 with the explosion relief membrane is specifically connected, it is suitable for a shared chamber connected to the inner cavity of each single battery, specifically, an electrolyte shared chamber 111 connected to the electrolyte area of ​​all single batteries 12, or a gas shared chamber connected to the gas area of ​​all single batteries 12. When the gas shared chamber 112 is a gas channel located between the top plate of the shell and each single battery, and the gas channel serves as a shared explosion relief channel, the shell is connected to the primary manifold 51 through a sealing connector, and the sealing connector includes a sealing connecting pipe and a one-way valve or a pressure valve arranged on the sealing connecting pipe. One end of the sealing connecting pipe is connected to the shell and is connected to the gas channel, and the other end is connected to the primary manifold 51. When the battery module is operating normally, the sealing connector prevents the gas channel from being connected to the primary manifold 51, ensuring that the inner cavity of the shell is in a closed state. When the battery module thermally runs away, when the explosion venting part of any single battery is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the thermal runaway smoke enters the gas channel, and then the thermal runaway smoke opens the one-way valve or pressure valve, and the thermal runaway smoke enters the primary manifold 51 through the gas channel, and then enters the subsequent smoke treatment unit for treatment.

[0169] The above-mentioned flue gas manifold 5 gathers the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module 1 and centrally leads it to the flue gas treatment unit at the rear for treatment. However, in each of the above-mentioned battery modules 1, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber. When the battery module 1 is in thermal runaway, the electrolyte will be ejected along with the thermal runaway flue gas, which poses a certain safety hazard. Based on this, if Figure 1 and Fig.17 As shown, the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 6, which is connected to the outlet of the secondary manifold 52, and is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery module 1 to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0170] like Fig.17 As shown, the liquid treatment device 6 in this embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 61, and the liquid treatment tanks 61 are filled with liquid treatment medium. The number of liquid treatment tanks 61 can be set according to the number and requirements of battery modules 1 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 61, multiple liquid treatment tanks 61 can be connected in series through a connecting pipe 68. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 61 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. It is best to use a circular tank body, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0171] The above-mentioned M liquid treatment tanks 61 can all be filled with liquid treatment medium. During filling, the liquid treatment medium is filled to about 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 61 to avoid the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 61 being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 61, resulting in poor treatment effect.

[0172] In actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas during the initial explosion of the battery module is too high, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 61 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 61 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 61 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 6 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 61, wherein the first liquid treatment tank 61 to the eighth liquid treatment tank 61 are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the ninth liquid treatment tank 61 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the battery module is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, thereby preventing the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 61, thereby improving the safety of the liquid treatment device during use.

[0173] like Fig.18 As shown, the liquid treatment tank 61 is provided with a smoke inlet 62 and a smoke outlet 63. The smoke inlet 62 is used to input the thermal runaway smoke into the liquid treatment tank 61, and the smoke outlet 63 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway smoke. When the smoke inlet 62 is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 61, or it can be set at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 61. In order to facilitate the connection of each liquid treatment tank 61, it is preferred to set the smoke inlet 62 and the smoke outlet 63 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 61. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 61 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway smoke treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 68 can adopt a metal bellows. After the metal corrugated connection is adopted, each liquid treatment tank 61 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meet various installation requirements, and save installation space.

[0174] like Fig.18 As shown, after the smoke inlet 62 is set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 61, in order to make the thermal runaway smoke fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61, a drainage pipe 64 is connected to the smoke inlet 62, and at least part of the drainage pipe 64 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the drainage pipe 64 preferably extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 61 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway smoke passes through the liquid treatment tank 61, it fully contacts the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61, and the liquid treatment medium performs a relatively sufficient treatment on the thermal runaway smoke, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0175] like Fig.18As shown, in a part of the liquid treatment tank 61 of the liquid treatment device 6, a diversion portion 65 is provided at one end of the drainage tube 64 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 65 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion portion 65 in this embodiment can be a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a good dispersion and diversion effect. During the specific installation, it is fixed to the port of the drainage tube 64 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersion and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the drainage pipe 64, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas after diversion is fully in contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0176] like Fig.18 As shown, in order to further allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 67 is provided on the above-mentioned drainage pipe 64, or a plurality of baffles are provided on the drainage pipe 64. The spiral baffle 67 or a plurality of baffles increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 61, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 62 of the liquid treatment tank 61, and then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the drainage pipe 64, and then is broken up by the foam copper column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 67 or a plurality of baffles will make the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61, so as to perform corresponding treatment. When specifically connected, the spiral baffle 67 can be fixed on the drainage pipe 64. The baffle is a semicircular baffle, and a plurality of baffles are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, respectively fixed on the drainage pipe 64, and adjacent baffles are installed in a staggered manner.

[0177] Before using the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank 61, it is generally necessary to carry out a corresponding airtight pressure leak test to ensure the sealing and reliability of the liquid treatment tank 61 during subsequent use. When the liquid treatment tank 61 is subjected to a pressure leak test, the first pressure leak test is generally carried out on an empty liquid treatment tank 61. After the first pressure leak test is completed, the liquid treatment tank 61 is filled with a liquid treatment medium, and then multiple liquid treatment tanks 61 are connected through a connecting pipe 68. After connecting multiple liquid treatment tanks 61, it is necessary to carry out a second pressure leak test on the connecting pipes 68 between the liquid treatment tanks 61. The two pressure leak tests make the detection efficiency of the liquid treatment tank 61 low, and further reduce the assembly efficiency of the liquid treatment device 6.

[0178] like Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, in order to facilitate the injection of liquid treatment medium and the pressure test of the liquid treatment tank 61 for leak detection, a three-way valve 66 is provided on the above-mentioned smoke outlet 63. The three-way valve 66 can be specifically a three-way ball valve or the like. The three-way valve 66 can be used to fill the liquid treatment medium after the pressure test of all liquid treatment tanks 61 is completed. When specifically connected, the first port of the three-way valve 66 is connected to the smoke outlet 63, the second port is used to discharge the thermal runaway smoke, and the third port is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0179] After the pressure test and leak detection of the liquid treatment tank 61 is completed, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically use the following substances:

[0180] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of like dissolves like, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can specifically be diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can specifically be benzyl alcohol solvent, isopentanol solvent, isobutanol solvent, isopropanol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptaldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde or methylnonaneacetaldehyde, etc.

[0181] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, which can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkaline solution can react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and treat the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. At the same time, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0182] Among the above two liquid treatment media, the alkaline solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the counter-gas. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced. Therefore, the alkaline solution has a better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0183] For alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of more than 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, when using alkaline solutions to treat thermal runaway flue gas, the prejudice of the prior art is overcome, and low-concentration alkaline solutions are used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0184] Taking the alkaline solution as NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After a horizontal comparison of the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect was achieved after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0185] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, HF and other acidic substances in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution:

[0186] CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0187] According to the test, when the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is not treated in any way, the collected gas volume is 4L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L or more, the collected gas is generally greater than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. After the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is passed through a 0.05-0.5mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is small, all below 2L. After being treated with 0.1-0.2mol / L sodium hydroxide, the effect is significant. After being treated with 0.1mol / L sodium hydroxide, the collected gas volume is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is optimal. Therefore, 0.05-0.5mol / L NaOH solution has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas after the battery thermal runaway.

[0188] Example 2

[0189] Based on the structure of the energy storage device in Example 1, this embodiment optimizes the structure of the battery module 1 as follows:

[0190] like Figures 19 to 21 As shown, a pressing plate 16 is added to the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12, and the pressing plate 16 is connected to the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12 to realize reliable parallel connection of multiple single batteries 12. At the same time, the pressing plate 16 cooperates with the polarity terminal 13 to tightly and reliably install the heat transfer tube 21 into the through groove of the polarity terminal 13, thereby improving the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13. In addition, the pressing plate 16 is arranged above the heat transfer tube 21 to protect the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13, thereby improving the safety of the single battery 12 during use.

[0191] like Fig.19 As shown, the pressing plate 16 in this embodiment specifically includes a pressing portion 161 and a fixing portion 162; the bottom of the pressing portion 161 has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove on the polarity terminal 13 to press the heat transfer tube 21 into the through groove; the fixing portion 162 is arranged on both sides of the pressing portion 161 to fix the pressing plate 16 on the top of the polarity terminal 13.

[0192] The length of the above-mentioned pressing plate 16 can be determined according to the number of single cells 12, and its length is equivalent to the length of the polarity terminals 13 of all single cells 12 in the battery module 1 in the arrangement direction. After the pressing plate 16 is connected to the polarity terminals 13 of each single cell 12, it has the following two functions: First, it is connected to the polarity terminals 13 of multiple single cells 12 to achieve reliable parallel connection between each single cell 12. Since the pressing plate 16 only needs to be connected to the polarity terminals 13 of each single cell 12 in the same battery module 1, the parallel connection between each single cell 12 can be achieved. During on-site installation, adjacent battery modules 1 or battery groups are connected through separately set electrical connectors. Therefore, the pressing plate 16 does not need to consider the installation error between adjacent battery modules 1, and the installation requirements are relatively low; second, the pressing plate 16 tightly presses the heat transfer tube 21 in the through groove of the polarity terminal 13, so that the heat transfer tube 21 can be closely contacted with the through groove of the polarity terminal 13, and there is almost no heat conduction gap between the two, which increases the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13.

[0193] In this embodiment, the bottom of the pressing part 161 has an arc surface, and the cross-sectional shape of the arc surface after matching with the through groove is similar to the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer tube 21, so that the heat transfer tube 21 is tightly attached to the through groove of the polarity terminal 13. The heat transfer tube 21 is generally a metal round tube, so the cavity formed by the pressing part 161 and the through groove is generally a circular cavity. At the same time, since the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13 cooperate to perform heat exchange, most of the side wall of the heat transfer tube 21 needs to be embedded in the through groove. At this time, the central angle corresponding to the arc surface of the pressing part 161 is generally between 90° and 180°, which is the best. This setting allows most of the side wall of the heat transfer tube 21 to be embedded in the through groove of the polarity terminal 13, increasing the contact area between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13, and further increasing the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13. If the central angle of the arc surface of the clamping portion 161 is greater than 180 degrees, the contact area between the heat transfer tube 21 and the through groove of the polarity terminal 13 is small, resulting in poor heat transfer effect. If the central angle of the arc surface of the clamping portion 161 is less than 90 degrees, the contact area between the pressure plate 16 and the heat transfer tube 21 is small, resulting in the pressure plate 16 being unable to reliably apply force to the heat transfer tube 21 and insufficient clamping force.

[0194] In addition, the distance between the arc vertex of the above-mentioned pressing part 161 and the polarity terminal 13 is less than or equal to the maximum dimension of the heat transfer tube 21 protruding from the polarity terminal 13. Since the above-mentioned heat transfer tube 21 is generally a round tube, the arc surface of the pressing part 161 is a circular arc surface. At this time, the arc radius of the pressing part 161 is preferably less than or equal to the radius of the heat transfer tube 21. After the pressing plate 16 is connected to the polarity terminal 13, the pressing part 161 can exert a downward force on the heat transfer tube 21, so that there is almost no heat transfer gap between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13. The heat transfer tube 21 is pressed and tightly fitted in the through groove, and the heat conduction effect between the heat transfer tube 21 and the polarity terminal 13 is better, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0195] The pressing plate 16 in this embodiment is generally made of conductive metal materials, such as silver, copper, aluminum and the like. In this embodiment, the pressing plate 16 is made of aluminum plate, which not only has good conductivity but also good ductility, and can tightly press the heat transfer tube 21 into the through groove at the polar end.

[0196] The pressing part 161 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped plate with equal wall thickness, and the fixing part 162 is a flat plate, and the arc-shaped plate and the flat plates on both sides are an integrated structure. This structure is easy to manufacture and process, and is also easy to install. When making it specifically, the pressing plate 16 can be formed by stamping a thin plate, or it can be formed in one step by extrusion. In addition, the thickness of the pressing plate 16 is generally 0.5mm to 1mm, which can ensure the installation strength while also reliably installing the heat transfer tube 21.

[0197] The fixing portion 162 in this embodiment is provided with a connection hole 163 connected to the polarity terminal 13, so that the pressure plate 16 is connected to the polarity terminal 13 by screws. The screw connection method is easier to connect than other welding, riveting or bonding methods, and the structure is simpler. More preferably, the screw hole in this embodiment can be set to a long strip shape. The setting of the long strip hole can make up for the size error when multiple single batteries 12 are connected in parallel, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection.

[0198] like Fig. 20 and Fig.21As shown, in the above battery module 1, after each single battery 12 is installed in the housing 11, the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12 extends out of the avoidance hole, and then, the heat transfer tube 21 is installed on the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12, and the heat transfer tube 21 is embedded in the through groove of the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12. Finally, the pressing plate 16 is connected to the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12, and the pressing plate 16 and the polarity terminal 13 are fixed by screws to realize the parallel connection between each single battery 12. When multiple battery modules 1 are connected in series, the polarity terminals 13 of some single batteries 12 are connected to the conductive connecting plate, and the adjacent battery modules 1 are connected in series through the conductive connecting plate. After the pressing plate 16 is installed, the heat transfer tube 21 can also be pressed tightly in the through groove of the polarity terminal 13. The heat transfer tube 21 is used to transfer the heat generated by each single battery 12 and control the temperature of the battery module 1. In addition, an insulating pad 18 may be provided between the pressing plate 16 and the heat transfer tube 21 to further ensure insulation between the heat transfer tube 21 and the pressing plate 16 .

[0199] Example 3

[0200] During long-term use of the battery module 1, condensation will be generated on the surface due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat transfer tube 21. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it will penetrate into the gap between the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12 and the avoidance hole, causing the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12 to be electrically conductive with the shell 11, which may cause a short circuit in the same single battery 12.

[0201] This embodiment optimizes the structure of the battery module 1 in the energy storage device of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. Fig. 22 As shown, the above problems are overcome by optimizing the top structure of the battery module 1 and laying an insulating sealant layer 15 on the top plate of the shell 11. The end faces of the polarity terminals 13 of each single battery 12 extend out of the insulating sealant layer 15 to be connected to the pressing plate 16 or the electrical connector 17; the liquid inlet port and the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube 21 extend out of the insulating sealant layer 15 to be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline assembly 31 and the liquid return pipeline assembly 32. The pressing plate 16 is a connecting device for connecting each single battery 12 in parallel, and the electrical connector 17 is a connecting device for connecting two battery modules 1 in series, and can also be a connecting device for connecting the battery module 1 to an external load.

[0202] like Fig. 22 As shown, in this embodiment, an insulating sealant layer 15 is laid on the top plate of the shell 11, and a part of the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12 is covered by the insulating sealant layer 15, and the end surface of the polarity terminal 13 of each single battery 12 extends out of the insulating sealant layer 15 and is connected to the pressing plate 16 and / or the electrical connector 17; the main parts of the heat transfer tube 21 are all covered by the insulating sealant layer 15, and the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat transfer tube 21 extend out of the insulating sealant layer 15 for connecting with the liquid inlet manifold and the liquid return manifold.

[0203] In some other embodiments, the thickness of the insulating sealant layer 15 can be smaller, lower than the main part of the heat transfer tube 21, or cover part of the main part of the heat transfer tube 21, as long as condensation cannot enter the gap between the polarity terminal 13 of the single battery 12 and the avoidance hole.

[0204] The insulating sealant used in this embodiment is generally a battery potting glue commonly used in batteries, such as a silicone thermal conductive potting glue, which has good sealing, insulation, vibration resistance, heat dissipation and waterproof functions. In order to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing, during the injection process of this embodiment, a glue injection mold can be added around the edges of the top plate of the shell 11 to ensure that the insulating sealant can be smoothly injected. After the injection is completed, demoulding is performed.

[0205] like Fig.23 As shown, on the basis of the above structure, this embodiment further provides an insulating protective cover 14 on the top of the battery module 1, thereby providing insulating protection for the polarity terminal 13, avoiding the potential safety hazard of the polarity terminal 13 being exposed during the operation of the battery module 1, and also avoiding the problem of some foreign matter from the external environment falling into the position of the polarity terminal 13 and causing the battery module 1 to short-circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery module 1.

[0206] It should be noted that if the insulating protective cover 14 completely covers the polarity terminal 13, it will make the electrical connection of such battery module 1 difficult. Therefore, in this embodiment, a slit is provided on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 14, through which the electrical connector 17 can be connected to the polarity terminal 13 of the battery module, thereby achieving electrical connection. It should also be noted that a channel for the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat transfer tube 21 to extend out needs to be provided on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 14.

[0207] Example 4

[0208] like Fig.24 As shown, the energy storage device in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, except that the heat treatment unit 4 in this embodiment further includes a radiator 42 and a control valve 43; the liquid inlet of the temperature controller 41 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, and the liquid outlet of the temperature controller 41 is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, which is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium; the control valve 43 is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator 42, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the radiator 42 are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, which is used to dissipate heat from the heat transfer medium.

[0209] The radiator 42 is a device for dissipating heat from the heat transfer medium, which may specifically be a heat dissipation coil, etc., to perform heat exchange with the external environment to reduce the temperature of the heat transfer medium.

[0210] The control valve 43 can be a valve with different control modes or structures, as long as it can control the on and off of the heat transfer medium. For example, a pneumatic valve, an electric valve, a hydraulic valve, etc. can be used. For the convenience of control, an electric valve is preferably used. The electric valve is easy to control, easy to operate, and easy to install on site. The control valve 43 in this embodiment includes a three-way electric valve, the first port of the three-way electric valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the temperature control machine 41, the second port is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, and the third port is connected to the liquid outlet of the radiator 42. When the three-way electric valve is used for control, only a single device is needed to achieve control, the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient.

[0211] In this embodiment, a fan is further provided on the outside of the radiator 42, and the fan further dissipates heat from the heat transfer medium in the radiator 42. The battery module 1 can generate a large amount of heat during the charging and discharging process. In order to dissipate the heat and make use of the ambient temperature as much as possible, a fan is provided, so that even at a high temperature of 40°C, the temperature of the battery module 1 can be kept below 50°C. The control of the temperature of the battery module 1 is mainly a matter of energy consumption. The use of refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners consumes a lot of energy, so the temperature of the battery module 1 is controlled by making use of the ambient temperature as much as possible.

[0212] The above temperature control system has the following three working modes:

[0213] The first one is the cooling mode of radiator 42 alone:

[0214] like Fig.25 As shown, when the temperature of the battery module 1 reaches the first high temperature threshold, the first port and the third port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the second port is closed, and the heat transfer medium of the heat exchange unit 2 exchanges heat with the battery module 1. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 2 enters the radiator 42 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, and the radiator 42 processes the heat in the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium with reduced temperature enters the temperature control machine 41. At this time, the temperature control machine 41 does not work, and only ensures the passage of the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 2 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, and exchanges heat with the battery module 1 again, thereby achieving passive cooling through the radiator 42.

[0215] The second type is the temperature control machine 41 in a separate cooling and heating mode:

[0216] like Fig.26As shown, when the temperature of the battery module 1 reaches the second high temperature threshold, the first port and the second port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the third port is closed, and the heat exchange unit 2 exchanges heat with the battery module 1. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 2 enters the temperature controller 41 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34. At this time, the temperature controller 41 works to actively cool the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the cooled heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 2 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 to exchange heat with the battery module 1, thereby achieving active cooling through the temperature controller 41.

[0217] When the temperature of the battery module 1 reaches the low temperature threshold, the first port and the second port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the third port is closed. The temperature controller 41 starts to increase the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the temperature control tube. The heated heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 2 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33 to exchange heat with the battery module 1, thereby achieving active heating through the temperature controller 41.

[0218] The third type is a cooling mode in which the radiator 42 and the temperature controller 41 cool down together:

[0219] like Fig.25 As shown, when the temperature of the battery module 1 reaches the third high temperature threshold, the first port and the third port of the three-way electric valve are connected, and the second port is closed, and the heat transfer medium of the heat exchange unit 2 exchanges heat with the battery module 1. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit 2 enters the radiator 42 through the liquid outlet pipeline assembly 34, and the radiator 42 processes the heat in the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium with reduced temperature enters the temperature controller 41. At this time, the temperature controller 41 is turned on to cool the heat transfer medium. Subsequently, the heat transfer medium returns to the heat exchange unit 2 through the liquid supply pipeline assembly 33, and exchanges heat with the battery module 1 again, thereby realizing passive cooling and active cooling through the radiator 42 and the temperature controller 41.

[0220] It should be noted that: the third high temperature threshold>the second high temperature threshold>the first high temperature threshold.

[0221] The heat treatment unit 4 performs combined active heat dissipation, active temperature increase and passive heat dissipation on the battery module 1 through the radiator 42 and the temperature controller 41. This method can ensure that the heat of the battery module 1 can be effectively processed, and at the same time, the temperature control cost is relatively low, which can effectively save energy, avoid wasting energy when only active temperature control is used, and avoid the defect that the temperature of the battery module 1 cannot be controlled in time when only passive temperature control is used. This setting allows the heat treatment unit 4 to fully exchange heat with the external environment and make full use of the temperature of the external environment, thereby saving the start time of active cooling and saving energy.

[0222] Example 5

[0223] The energy storage device provided in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 4, except that Fig. 27 As shown, the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 6 and a solid treatment device 10 which are arranged in sequence. From the test results in Example 1, it can be seen that an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. On this basis, the solid treatment device 10 can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway flue gas does not burn at all.

[0224] The specific structure of the liquid treatment device 6 has been described in detail in Example 1, and will not be elaborated in this embodiment. The solid treatment device 10 in this embodiment is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 6, and is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated by the liquid treatment device 6. The solid treatment device 10 includes at least one solid treatment tank 101. The number of solid treatment tanks 101 can be set according to the number and demand of battery modules in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks 101, multiple solid treatment tanks 101 can be arranged in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment tank 101 is connected to the flue gas outlet 63 of the last liquid treatment tank 61 in the liquid treatment device 6. The specific structure of the solid treatment tank 101 is similar to that of the liquid treatment tank 61, and the interior thereof is filled with a solid adsorption medium, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated by the liquid treatment tank 61.

[0225] The solid adsorption medium in the solid treatment tank 101 may be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas after the liquid treatment tank is treated, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the solid adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally, activated carbon or modified activated carbon with high iodine value is selected, such activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0226] Through experiments, it was found that the use of NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 gas filter canister PB-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery thermal runaway air is very effective. After many experiments, it was found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the fully charged 32650 battery ran away was first treated with 1500mL of 0.1mol / LNaOH solution, and then adsorbed by 270g of activated carbon. The collected gas volume was 0.3~0.5L, and the collected gas was non-flammable.

[0227] The flue gas treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module into the liquid treatment tank 61 for treatment. The liquid treatment tank 61 performs targeted treatment on the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to produce gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the thermal runaway gas of the battery. The subsequent solid treatment tank 101 can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas with less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0228] Example 6

[0229] The energy storage device provided in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 4, except that the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment includes a flue gas cooling device and a solid treatment device. This embodiment uses a flue gas cooling device to collect and treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, and then uses a solid treatment device to effectively treat the cooled thermal runaway flue gas, and the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced, or even completely non-combustible.

[0230] The flue gas cooling device in this embodiment is used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas, including at least one cooling treatment tank, each cooling treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet. If there are multiple cooling treatment tanks, the multiple cooling treatment tanks can be arranged in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first cooling treatment tank is connected to the secondary manifold, and the cooling treatment tank is filled with a cooling medium for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas. The cooling medium can specifically be ceramic balls, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphite rods, porous ceramics, etc. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the cooling treatment tank, the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is cooled into a liquid state after passing through the cooling medium, and is collected in the cooling treatment tank, thereby reducing the concentration of combustibles in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the cooling treatment tank also cools the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, which can reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0231] The above-mentioned solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the flue gas cooling device, and is used to adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated by the flue gas cooling device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment device. The number of solid treatment devices can be set according to the number and demand of battery modules in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment devices, multiple solid treatment devices can be arranged in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the last cooling treatment tank in the flue gas cooling device. The solid treatment device is filled with a solid adsorption medium, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated by the liquid treatment tank. The solid adsorption medium in the above-mentioned solid treatment device can be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas after the liquid treatment tank is treated, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the above-mentioned solid adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally activated carbon or modified activated carbon with a higher iodine value is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0232] Example 7

[0233] The energy storage device provided in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 4, except that the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment further includes an ignition device 8. Fig.28 As shown, the ignition device 8 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 6 to controllably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 6. The ignition device 8 can adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0234] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also only include the ignition device 8. The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module 1 is directly transported to the ignition device 8 through the flue gas manifold 5. The ignition device 8 directly performs a separate ignition process on all the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0235] like Fig.28As shown, the ignition device 8 includes a flue gas pipeline 81 and at least one group of ignition components, and the flue gas pipeline 81 is connected to the flue gas outlet 63 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 61 in the liquid treatment device. The ignition component is connected to the flue gas pipeline 81. Among them, the number of ignition components can be set according to demand, and can be set to 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups or 4 groups or multiple groups. When set to multiple groups, not only can the thermal runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also can avoid the safety hazard caused by the failure or failure of a single ignition component, which cannot reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0236] like Fig.28 As shown, each ignition assembly includes a smoke exhaust pipe 82 and an igniter 83 arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 82. The smoke exhaust pipe 82 is connected to the smoke pipeline 81 (when there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 82 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the smoke pipeline 81. When there is only one ignition assembly, the smoke exhaust pipe 82 and the smoke pipeline 81 can share a pipeline). The igniter 83 is turned on when any battery module has thermal runaway. Subsequently, the thermal runaway smoke treated by the liquid treatment device is transported to the smoke exhaust pipe 82 by the smoke pipeline 81, and the igniter 83 ignites the thermal runaway smoke discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 82. The igniter 83 can be turned on by a trigger 84 or by a BMS (battery management system). When activated by the trigger 84, the trigger 84 may be a sensor of different structures, which may be arranged in the exhaust pipe 82 or on the flue gas pipeline 81, and real-time detection of parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction may be performed. When the set threshold is exceeded, a signal may be sent to start the igniter 83. Specifically, the trigger 84 may be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When activated by the trigger 84, a flame arrester 85 may also be arranged on the exhaust pipe 82. The flame arrester 85 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester, which is used to prevent the flame from being transmitted downward through the exhaust pipe 82 and damaging the trigger 84 and other devices. When activated by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each battery module in the energy storage device in real time. When any battery module has thermal runaway and the voltage, current and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 83 is started.

[0237] The igniter 83 can have various structures, for example, an existing arc igniter or a resistance wire igniter can be used. The arc igniter can be a pulse igniter. The igniter 83 can be powered by dry batteries or alternating current according to the on-site environment.

[0238] When a battery module experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module enters the liquid treatment device 6 through the flue gas manifold 5. The liquid treatment device 6 performs targeted treatment on the electrolyte and some gases carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery. Subsequently, the ignition device 8 performs controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 6 to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0239] Example 8

[0240] The energy storage device provided in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 7, except that the flue gas treatment unit in this embodiment further includes a buffer device 7, which is disposed between the flue gas manifold 5 and the flue gas treatment unit to buffer the thermal runaway flue gas entering the flue gas treatment unit.

[0241] like Fig.29 and Fig.30 As shown, the buffer device 7 includes at least one buffer tank 71 , each buffer tank 71 is provided with a smoke inlet 72 and a smoke outlet 73 connected to its inner cavity; the smoke inlet 62 of the first liquid treatment tank 61 is connected to the smoke outlet 73 of the last buffer tank 71 . Fig.29 The schematic diagram shows that the smoke treatment unit includes a buffer device 7 and a liquid treatment device 6 , in which the buffer device 7 is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 6 . Fig.30 The schematic diagram of the flue gas treatment unit includes a buffer device 7, a liquid treatment device 6 and an ignition device 8, wherein the buffer device 7 is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 6 and the ignition device 8 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 6. In other embodiments, the buffer device 7 can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 8, and the thermal runaway flue gas is directly ignited after being buffered.

[0242] In the above buffer device 7, the number of buffer tanks 71 can be set according to the number and requirements of battery modules 1. If there are multiple buffer tanks 71, multiple buffer tanks 71 can be connected in series through connecting pipes. The shape of the buffer tank 71 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. A circular tank body is preferably used, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0243] The number of the buffer tank 71 in this embodiment is one. The buffer tank 71 is an empty tank body, and no substance is filled inside. It is arranged between the flue gas manifold 5 and the flue gas treatment unit, and mainly has the following functions:

[0244] First, buffer the heat loss flue gas;

[0245] A buffer tank 71 is provided in front of the flue gas treatment unit. The buffer tank 71 buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway flue gas, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 61 or the ignition device 8 at a relatively stable flow rate. The liquid treatment medium can perform relatively sufficient treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, or when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the ignition device, the combustion flame is relatively stable, thereby avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway flue gas with instantaneous high pressure quickly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be fully treated, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0246] Second, collect the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0247] The battery module with the shared chamber has a certain amount of free electrolyte, which is ejected together with the thermal runaway smoke when the battery module is in thermal runaway. In particular, when the explosion relief zone is set at the bottom of the shell, almost all the free electrolyte in the shared chamber is ejected together with the thermal runaway smoke. A buffer tank 71 is set in front of the liquid treatment device. The buffer tank 71 buffers the thermal runaway smoke and separates the thermal runaway smoke into gas and liquid, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke is collected in the buffer tank 71, thereby reducing the amount of liquid treatment medium used in the subsequent liquid treatment device.

[0248] When a battery module experiences thermal runaway, almost all of the free electrolyte inside the battery module is ejected along with the thermal runaway smoke, and the electrolyte and the combustible gas are ignited together. At this time, the liquid electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway smoke may cause flame sputtering and other hazards during combustion. At the same time, when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited, the electrolyte and the combustible gas in the thermal runaway smoke participate in the combustion at the same time, generating a large amount of combustion flames. A large amount of combustion flames may affect the devices near the ignition device 8, posing certain safety hazards. A buffer tank 71 is arranged in front of the ignition device 8. The buffer tank 71 buffers the thermal runaway smoke and separates the thermal runaway smoke into gas and liquid, so that the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway smoke is collected in the buffer tank 71. This can not only prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, but also reduce the amount of combustible gas. At the same time, when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited later, only the combustible gas burns (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank), so that the size of the flame when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited is reduced, thereby reducing the potential safety hazard to the surrounding environment.

[0249] Third, remove impurities from the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0250] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery module, the temperature inside each single cell is approximately between 140°C and 850°C. At this temperature, the easily fusible parts such as the diaphragm, plastic film, and plastic parts inside the single cell are melted by high temperature. The above molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity along with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas. In the process of flowing through the flue gas manifold 5 to the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device at the rear, as the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas decreases, the molten substances gradually solidify and agglomerate, which is easy to block the pipeline in the flue gas treatment unit. At this time, after adding the above-mentioned buffer tank 71, the impurities such as the molten materials discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas will be deposited and collected in the buffer tank 71 when the thermal runaway flue gas is buffered in the buffer tank 71, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of subsequent pipelines.

[0251] Fourth, collect the backwashed liquid treatment medium;

[0252] When the battery module has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas ejected instantly has a high pressure. The high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 61 through the flue gas manifold 5. Since the liquid treatment tank 61 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a diversion portion 65, the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 61 in time, and pressure buildup occurs in the liquid treatment tank 61. At this time, the following phenomenon may occur: the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61 is backwashed into the flue gas manifold 5 by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 61, and the flue gas manifold 5 is blocked, resulting in the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas being unable to be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment tank 61 through the flue gas manifold 5;

[0253] A buffer tank 71 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 61. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 61 recoils, the liquid treatment medium is recoiled and collected in the front buffer tank 71 and will not flow into the flue gas manifold 5, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the flue gas manifold 5, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment device for treatment.

[0254] like Fig.29As shown, the buffer tank 71 is provided with a smoke inlet 72 and a smoke outlet 73 connected to its inner cavity. The smoke inlet 72 is mainly used to connect with the smoke manifold 5. The smoke manifold 5 transports the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery module into the buffer tank 71. The smoke outlet 73 is mainly used to discharge the thermal runaway smoke in the buffer tank 71. The above-mentioned smoke inlet 72 and smoke outlet 73 can be set on the side wall of the buffer tank 71 or on the top of the buffer tank 71. In the present embodiment, the smoke inlet 72 and the smoke outlet 73 are both set on the top of the buffer tank 71. The smoke inlet 72 is set on the top of the buffer tank 71. Firstly, the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas can be deposited on the bottom of the buffer tank 71 as much as possible under the action of gravity. Secondly, it is difficult for the liquid in the buffer tank 71 to be squeezed into the flue gas manifold 5 in the front through the smoke inlet 72 on the top. The smoke outlet 73 is set on the top of the buffer tank 71. Firstly, the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged smoothly. Secondly, the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged smoothly from the buffer tank 71.

[0255] In addition, if Fig.29 As shown, a drain valve 74 may be provided at the bottom of the buffer tank 71 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 71. To facilitate the standardization and integration of energy storage equipment, the buffer tank 71 may adopt a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank 61. At the same time, a three-way valve may be installed on the smoke outlet 73 of the buffer tank 71, and the liquid treatment tank 61 and the buffer tank 71 may be subjected to a pressure leak test at the same time.

[0256] Example 9

[0257] The energy storage device provided in this embodiment is similar to the energy storage device in Embodiments 1 to 8, except that the flue gas treatment system in this embodiment further includes at least one safety device. When the device in the above embodiment is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module, the following problems may occur:

[0258] First, if multiple battery modules 1 are in thermal runaway at the same time, the explosion venting part of the battery module (i.e., the explosion venting pipe assembly 19 of the battery module) may be opened in reverse due to excessive smoke pressure caused by thermal runaway, which may affect the battery modules that have not experienced thermal runaway, causing safety hazards, or the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold 5 may be damaged, causing the smoke manifold 5 to leak, causing safety hazards;

[0259] Second, since the liquid treatment tank 61 is filled with liquid treatment medium and is provided with a diversion part 65, the thermal runaway smoke cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 61 in time, and the thermal runaway smoke gathers and is compressed in the smoke manifold 5. When the pressure is too high, the explosion venting part of the battery module (i.e., the explosion venting membrane in the explosion venting pipe assembly 19) is opened in reverse, which affects the battery module that has not experienced thermal runaway, causing a safety hazard, or the seal at the connection of the smoke manifold 5 is damaged, causing the smoke manifold 5 to leak, causing a safety hazard.

[0260] Based on this, the energy storage device of this embodiment also includes at least one safety device, which can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold 5 is too high, so as to avoid the safety hazard caused by the excessive pressure of the flue gas manifold 5, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0261] like Fig.31 As shown, each safety device 9 includes a safety pipeline 91 and a safety discharge part 92; the inlet of the safety pipeline 91 is connected to the flue gas manifold 5, and the outlet is connected to the external environment, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 91 is connected to the flue gas outlet 63 of the Mth liquid processing tank 61, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 91 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the last solid processing tank 101, or the outlet of the safety pipeline 91 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 81 of the ignition device 8. The safety discharge part 92 is arranged on the safety pipeline 91, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 of the battery module (the explosion relief pipe assembly 19 is the explosion relief part of the battery module). The safety device 9 is used to discharge the thermal runaway smoke from the safety pipeline 91 when the thermal runaway smoke pressure in the smoke manifold 5 is too high and poses a safety hazard, so as to avoid the thermal runaway smoke from affecting the batteries that have not experienced thermal runaway, or affecting the sealing of the connection of the smoke manifold 5, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0262] The above-mentioned safety discharge part 92 can be specifically implemented by the following structures: first, using an explosion relief membrane or an explosion relief valve; the explosion relief membrane or the explosion relief valve is installed on the safety pipeline 91; second, using a safety valve, the safety valve can be opened under a set pressure; the safety valve can be a pressure valve, the pressure valve can open automatically under a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, when the pressure in the flue gas manifold 5 exceeds the threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, the reliability is high, in addition, the installation of the safety valve is also relatively convenient; third, as Fig.31As shown, a pressure measuring device 921 and a control valve 922 are used; the pressure measuring device 921 is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas manifold 5, and the control valve 922 is opened when the gas pressure in the flue gas manifold 5 exceeds a threshold value. The above-mentioned pressure measuring device 921 can specifically adopt a pressure sensor, and the control valve 922 is a solenoid valve, which is connected to the pressure measuring device 921 by signal, and the pressure measuring device 921 controls the opening of the solenoid valve according to the pressure in the flue gas manifold 5.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It includes a flue gas treatment system, a temperature control system and at least one battery module; The battery module comprises a shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the shell in the same direction; a shared chamber is provided in the shell, and the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all the single cells; a avoidance hole is provided on the top plate of the shell corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single cell; the polarity terminal of each single cell extends out of the avoidance hole, and the top plate area of ​​the shell corresponding to the avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; The temperature control system includes a heat exchange unit, a heat transfer unit and a heat processing unit; the heat exchange unit is used to realize heat exchange with each battery module, the heat transfer unit is used to realize the transfer of heat transfer medium between the heat exchange unit and the heat processing unit; the heat processing unit is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer unit; The flue gas treatment system includes a flue gas manifold and a flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery module to the flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery module.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes at least one heat transfer tube, and a clamping portion is provided at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole. Each heat transfer tube is fixed on the clamping portion of each single cell polarity terminal in a one-to-one correspondence, and the heat transfer tube is insulated from each single cell polarity terminal; the clamping portion is a through groove or through hole opened at the position where each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the avoidance hole.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube is a metal tube, and the metal tube has at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that: All the single cell polarity terminals on one side serve as the first polarity terminals of the battery module, and all the single cell polarity terminals on the other side serve as the second polarity terminals of the battery module; the heat transfer tube comprises a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; The first tube is fixed on the clamping part of the first polarity terminal of the battery module; the second tube is fixed on the clamping part of the second polarity terminal of the battery module; and both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube located on the same side.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first tube and the second tube are metal tubes, the metal tubes have at least one of an insulating layer and an insulating sleeve, the connecting tube is an insulating hose, the port of the first tube is the liquid inlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the first polarity terminal is a positive polarity terminal, the port of the second tube is the liquid outlet port of the heat transfer tube, and the second polarity terminal is a negative polarity terminal.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping part is a through groove, and a pressing plate is also provided on the top of the heat transfer tube, and the pressing plate includes a pressing part and a fixing part; the pressing part has an arc surface, and the arc surface is used to cooperate with the through groove of the polarity terminal of each single battery to press the heat transfer tube in the through groove; the fixing part is arranged on both sides of the pressing part, connected with the polarity terminal of each single battery, and is used to realize parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and is also used to fix the pressing part on the polarity terminal, and an insulating pad is also provided between the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the shell, the pressing plate and the heat transfer tube are buried in the insulating sealant layer, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the heat transfer tube extend out of the insulating sealant layer. An insulating protective cover is provided on the top of the shell, and the polarity terminals of each single battery are located in the insulating protective cover.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A plurality of battery modules are arranged in sequence in the horizontal direction to form a battery module unit, and a plurality of battery module units are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction to form a battery cluster; The heat transfer unit includes a liquid supply pipeline assembly, a liquid outlet pipeline assembly, a liquid inlet pipeline assembly and a liquid return pipeline assembly; the liquid supply pipeline assembly is used to transport the heat transfer medium in the heat treatment unit to each battery cluster, and the liquid outlet pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each battery cluster to the heat treatment unit; In each battery cluster, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the liquid supply pipeline assembly to multiple battery modules; the liquid return pipeline assembly is used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange in multiple battery modules to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly; the liquid inlet pipeline assembly includes a primary liquid inlet pipe, a secondary liquid inlet pipe and a tertiary liquid inlet pipe; the liquid inlet of the primary liquid inlet pipe is used to be connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly; multiple secondary liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe, and multiple secondary liquid inlet pipes shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary liquid inlet pipe to multiple battery module units; multiple tertiary liquid inlet pipes are connected to the primary liquid inlet pipe. The first-level liquid inlet pipes are all connected to the second-level liquid inlet pipe, and the multiple third-level liquid inlet pipes divert the heat transfer medium in the second-level liquid inlet pipe to multiple battery modules; the return liquid pipeline assembly includes a first-level liquid outlet pipe, a second-level liquid outlet pipe and a third-level liquid outlet pipe; the multiple third-level liquid outlet pipes are all connected to the second-level liquid outlet pipe, and are used to gather the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with each battery module into the second-level liquid outlet pipe, and each second-level liquid outlet pipe is connected to the first-level liquid outlet pipe, and the heat transfer medium after heat exchange with multiple battery module units is gathered into the first-level liquid outlet pipe, and the first-level liquid outlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are multiple battery clusters arranged in a matrix; the liquid supply pipeline assembly includes a primary shunt pipe, a secondary shunt pipe and a tertiary shunt pipe; the inlet of the primary shunt pipe is used to connect to a heat treatment unit; the secondary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the primary shunt pipe to battery clusters in different columns or rows, and the tertiary shunt pipe is used to shunt the heat transfer medium in the secondary shunt pipe to multiple battery clusters in the same column or row; the liquid outlet pipeline assembly includes a primary confluence pipe, a secondary confluence pipe and a tertiary confluence pipe; the tertiary confluence pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of multiple battery clusters in the same column or row into the secondary confluence pipe; the secondary shunt pipe is used to converge the heat transfer medium of battery clusters in different columns or rows into the primary confluence pipe; the outlet of the primary confluence pipe is used to connect to a heat treatment unit.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: At least part of the liquid supply pipeline assembly, the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, the liquid inlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid return pipeline assembly is provided with a heat preservation layer. Meanwhile, the secondary liquid inlet pipe and the secondary liquid outlet pipe are formed by splicing multiple sections of pipelines.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first-level shunt pipe is provided with a water replenishing joint for replenishing heat transfer medium to the temperature control system. The first-level confluence pipe is provided with an exhaust valve. The second-level liquid outlet pipe is connected to the first-level liquid outlet pipe by a quick-connect joint and a hose. At the same time, in the same row of battery clusters, two adjacent battery clusters share one first-level liquid outlet pipe.

12. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The heat treatment unit includes a temperature controller, the liquid inlet of the temperature controller is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly, and the liquid outlet of the temperature controller is connected to the liquid supply pipeline assembly. The temperature controller is used to increase or decrease the temperature of the heat transfer medium. At the same time, the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the temperature controller are provided with blocking joints, which can seal the heat transfer medium in the temperature controller.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The heat treatment unit also includes a radiator and a control valve; the control valve is used to control whether the heat transfer medium enters the radiator, and the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the radiator are both connected to the liquid outlet pipeline assembly to dissipate heat for the heat transfer medium.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas; and the ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 15, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

18. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment system also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway smoke.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment system also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the flue gas manifold, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the battery module explosion relief part.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the battery modules arranged in the same row, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

21. The energy storage device according to claim 20, characterized in that: The shell is provided with an explosion relief pipe assembly connected with the shared chamber; the explosion relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion relief component and a second explosion relief component; the first explosion relief component includes a first hollow pipe connected with the shell, and an explosion relief membrane is provided in the first hollow pipe; The second explosion relief component is a three-way pipe, a first interface of which is sealed and connected to the first explosion relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion relief components of two adjacent battery modules are connected through a flexible pipe section to form a primary collector.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that: The first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

23. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and claims 14 to 17, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes at least one of an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber; the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of ​​each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of ​​each single battery.

24. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and claims 14 to 17, wherein the shared chamber comprises an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber, the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell, the gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell, the gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell, when the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and the gas channel of the single cell are connected.

Images