Wireless multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X wave bands

Abstract

The invention provides a wireless multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X wave bands. The wireless multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna comprises a substrate, a ground plane, a first PIN diode, a second PIN diode, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line and a third microstrip line, the ground plane is located on the lower surface of the substrate, the first section of microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate and is connected with one end of the feed SAM connector, and the other end of the feed SAM connector is connected with the ground plane; the top of the first microstrip line section is in contact with the first PIN diode; the bottom of the second microstrip line is contacted with the bottom of the first PIN diode, and the top of the second microstrip line is contacted with the second PIN diode; the bottom of the third section of microstrip line is in contact with the second PIN diode; the resonant state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode. According to the invention, effective resonance states of multiple frequency bands are realized, and the antenna can be used for wireless communication, WLAN, S, C and X wave band sensors and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands. Background Art

[0002] Frequency reconfigurable antenna is an advanced antenna technology that can adjust its operating frequency in real time without changing the physical structure of the antenna. This antenna can flexibly switch between multiple preset frequency points to adapt to the needs of different communication systems or cope with the dynamic changes of spectrum resources. The three bands S, C, and X (S band 2-4GHz, C band 4-8GHz, X band 8-12GHz) have shown a wide range of application backgrounds and technical foundations in the fields of wireless communication, radar detection and radio astronomy. The S band plays an important role in radar warning, tracking and satellite communication due to its wavelength; the C band is widely used in satellite communication, especially in the fields of television broadcasting and Internet access, and is called the key frequency band for spectrum resource utilization. It is also used for meteorological, oceanographic and traffic monitoring radars; and the X band, with its high frequency and short wavelength, specializes in short-range fire control radars and radio astronomical observations, pursuing high precision and high resolution. In the field of wireless communication, with the increasing shortage of spectrum resources and the rapid development of multi-frequency communication technology, frequency reconfigurable antennas are particularly important.

[0003] Current frequency reconfigurable antenna technology mainly achieves dynamic adjustment of operating frequency through several innovative approaches, including the use of tunable elements such as varactor diodes, the design of reconfigurable feeding networks, the use of liquid metals or flexible materials, and the construction of multi-band switchable antenna structures. A common method is to integrate varactor diodes or other microelectronic tunable elements in the antenna design, and adjust their capacitance values ​​by changing the bias voltage of these elements, thereby changing the resonant frequency of the antenna. This method can achieve fast and precise frequency switching and is suitable for communication systems that require high dynamic range and fast response. However, it may also be challenged by component performance limitations and power consumption issues. Another strategy is to design a reconfigurable feeding network to affect the radiation characteristics and operating frequency of the antenna by changing the feeding path or phase distribution. This method can flexibly control the multi-band operation of the antenna, but the design complexity is high and a precise electronic control system is required to ensure stable performance.

[0004] In addition, using liquid metal or flexible materials as part of the antenna structure to dynamically adjust the antenna's operating frequency by changing the shape or distribution of the material has also been a hot topic in recent years. These materials offer unprecedented flexibility and reconfigurability, but technological maturity and manufacturing costs remain obstacles to their widespread application.

[0005] Although the use of tunable components such as varactor diodes can achieve fast and accurate frequency switching, it is limited by component performance, power consumption and integration difficulty; designing a reconfigurable feeding network provides flexible frequency band control capabilities, but design complexity, control accuracy and system stability become key considerations; and the use of liquid metal or flexible materials has demonstrated unprecedented reconfigurable potential, but the technology maturity, manufacturing cost and durability and reliability issues still need to be resolved.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna that can achieve effective resonant states in multiple frequency bands and is suitable for a variety of scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands to address the above technical problems.

[0008] A wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands comprises: a substrate, a ground plane, a first PIN diode, a second PIN diode, a first section of microstrip line, a second section of microstrip line and a third section of microstrip line; the ground plane is located on the lower surface of the substrate, the first section of microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate and is connected to one end of a feeding SAM connector, and the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane; the top of the first section of microstrip line contacts the first PIN diode; the bottom of the second section of microstrip line contacts the bottom of the first PIN diode, and the top contacts the second PIN diode; the bottom of the third section of microstrip line contacts the second PIN diode; the resonance state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode.

[0009] In one embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.025.

[0010] In one embodiment, the substrate is a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a ground plane is arranged on the lower surface of a substrate, a first section of microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate and connected to one end of a feeding SAM connector, the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane, the top of the first section of microstrip line contacts a first PIN diode, the bottom of the second section of microstrip line contacts the bottom of the first PIN diode, and the top contacts a second PIN diode; the bottom of the third section of microstrip line contacts the second PIN diode, the resonant state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode, and the frequency reconfiguration of multiple bands is realized according to the change of the bias states of the two PIN diodes, and the effective resonant states of multiple bands of S, C and X are realized, and the application range is wide, and the antenna can be used in wireless communication, WLAN, and S, C, X band sensors and other scenes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 A top view of an upper surface of a substrate of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands in one embodiment;

[0013] Figure 2 A top view of the bottom surface of a substrate of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands in one embodiment;

[0014] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a first-stage S11 curve of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna in one embodiment;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a second-stage S11 curve of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna in one embodiment;

[0016] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a third stage S11 curve of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna in one embodiment;

[0017] Figure 6 is an EH radiation pattern of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna at 3.7 GHz in one embodiment;

[0018] Figure 7 is an EH radiation pattern of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna at 8.8 GHz in one embodiment;

[0019] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is an EH radiation pattern of a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna at 11.2 GHz in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Before describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, the overall concept of the present invention is described as follows:

[0021] The present invention is mainly developed based on the research and development process of frequency reconfigurable antennas. Currently, antennas generally have the problem of frequency reconstruction across multiple frequency bands.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention proposes a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands. A ground plane is set on the lower surface of a substrate, a first section of microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate and connected to one end of a feeding SAM connector, the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane, the top of the first section of microstrip line contacts the first PIN diode, the bottom of the second section of microstrip line contacts the bottom of the first PIN diode, and the top contacts the second PIN diode; the bottom of the third section of microstrip line contacts the second PIN diode, the resonant state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode, and the frequency reconfiguration of multiple bands is realized according to the change of the bias states of the two PIN diodes, and the effective resonant states of multiple bands of S, C and X are realized. The antenna has a wide range of applications and can be used in wireless communications, WLAN, and S, C, X band sensors and other scenarios.

[0023] After introducing the overall concept of the present invention, in order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail by specific implementation methods in combination with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands is provided, comprising: a substrate 1, a ground plane 2, a first PIN diode 3, a second PIN diode 4, a first microstrip line 5, a second microstrip line 6 and a third microstrip line 7; the ground plane 2 is located on the lower surface of the substrate 1, the first microstrip line 5 is printed on the upper surface of the substrate 1, and is connected to one end of the feeding SAM connector, and the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane 2; the top of the first microstrip line 5 is in contact with the first PIN diode 3; the bottom of the second microstrip line 6 is in contact with the bottom of the first PIN diode 3, and the top is in contact with the second PIN diode 4; the bottom of the third microstrip line 7 is in contact with the second PIN diode 4, and the resonance state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode 3 and the second PIN diode 4.

[0025] In this embodiment, the ground plane 2 is set on the lower surface of the substrate 1, the first microstrip line 5 is printed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 and connected to one end of the feeding SAM connector, the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane 2, the top of the first microstrip line 5 is in contact with the first PIN diode 3, the bottom of the second microstrip line 6 is in contact with the bottom of the first PIN diode 3, and the top is in contact with the second PIN diode 4; the bottom of the third microstrip line 7 is in contact with the second PIN diode 4, and the resonant state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode 3 and the second PIN diode 4. According to the change of the bias states of the two PIN diodes, the frequency of multiple bands can be reconfigured, and the effective resonant states of multiple frequency bands of S, C and X are realized. It has a wide range of applications and can be used in wireless communication, WLAN, and S, C, X band sensors and other scenarios.

[0026] Specifically, the present invention provides a wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands, which has the characteristic of frequency reconfigurability. By controlling the bias states of two PIN diodes (a first PIN diode and a second PIN diode), effective resonance states of multiple frequency bands of S, C and X are achieved. In addition, by utilizing the convertible characteristics and ultra-wideband properties, the antenna structure is compact in size. This antenna structure can be used for wireless communications, WLAN, and S, C, X band sensors, etc.

[0027] The first section of microstrip line 3 is connected to the inner core of the feeding SMA connector, and the outer core of the feeding SMA connector is connected to the ground plane 2 .

[0028] Specifically, when both PIN diodes are in a closed state, only the first section of the microstrip line 5 is connected, and the rest are parasitic patches. This is the first stage, with ultra-wideband characteristics and S-band resonance points. When both PIN diodes are in a conducting state, they have multiple resonance points in the S and C bands, and ultra-wideband characteristics in the X band. When the first PIN diode 3 is in a conducting state and the second PIN diode 4 is in a closed state, only the third section of the microstrip line 7 is a parasitic patch, showing low-frequency resonance and high-frequency ultra-wideband characteristics. Therefore, by loading two PIN diodes and controlling the bias state of the PIN diodes, frequency reconfiguration is achieved. In the frequency reconfigurable antenna, the microstrip feed line and the parasitic patch can excite effective resonant modes of different lengths to generate corresponding resonant responses.

[0029] Specifically, the working frequency band of the antenna is determined by factors such as the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 1, the overall antenna size and the selected resonance mode. Therefore, when the different resonance states generated by changing the conduction state of the two PIN diodes are changed, the working frequency band will change significantly and have good ultra-wideband characteristics in the high frequency band.

[0030] The ground plane 2 is a rectangular plane, and the first PIN diode 3 and the second PIN diode 4 are both located in the center.

[0031] Among them, the feeding of the feeding SAM connector is 50 ohms.

[0032] Specifically, the feeding microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate 1 , and parasitic effects may occur between multiple parts.

[0033] In one embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material is 4.4 and the loss tangent is 0.025.

[0034] In one embodiment, the substrate is a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm.

[0035] Specifically, the substrate is made of FR-4 material, that is, glass fiber cloth, which has high strength and flame retardancy, and the size is 31×27mm 2 .

[0036] like Figure 3-5 As shown, the matching characteristic S11 parameter of the beam width reconfigurable antenna is shown (the S11 parameter is the reflection coefficient between the port impedance and the network input impedance). It can be concluded that the 3.7GHz, 8.8GHz, and 11.2GHz frequency bands between 1.9GHz and 11.5GHz have achieved reconfigurable frequency band resonance and have ultra-wideband characteristics. The antenna as a whole uses a small number of PIN diodes to achieve miniaturization, multi-band, and high bandwidth characteristics.

[0037] like Figure 6-8 As shown, the EH radiation patterns of different resonance points of the frequency reconfigurable antenna are shown. Figure 6 The EH radiation pattern at 3.7 GHz is shown. Figure 7 The EH radiation pattern at 8.8 GHz is shown. Figure 8 The EH radiation pattern at 11.2Ghz is shown.

[0038] In summary, the antenna structure has a multi-band response with three adjustable frequency bands, a minimum return loss of -32.4dB, and an ultra-wideband (WUB) of 4810MHz. The structure can be used for wireless communications, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), and S, C, and X-band sensors.

[0039] In the frequency reconfigurable antenna of the present invention, the microstrip feed line and the parasitic patch can excite effective resonance modes of different lengths to generate corresponding resonance responses.

[0040] In the frequency reconfigurable antenna of the present invention, the parasitic patches in the middle are all connected by PIN diodes, and the overall resonance state is changed by controlling the on-off state of the two PIN diodes. Among them, when the two PIN diodes are in a closed state, only the first section of the feeding microstrip line is connected, and the rest are parasitic patches. This is the first stage, which has ultra-wideband characteristics and S-band resonance points. When both PIN diodes are in a conducting state, it is the second stage, which has multiple resonance points in the S and C bands and ultra-wideband characteristics in the X band. When the first PIN diode is in conduction and the second PIN diode is in a closed state, only the third section of the microstrip line belongs to the parasitic patch, which exhibits low-frequency resonance and high-frequency ultra-wideband characteristics.

[0041] In the frequency reconfigurable antenna, by synchronously controlling the on and off states of two PIN diodes, resonant modes of multiple frequency bands within the S, C and X bands and an ultra-wideband characteristic can be achieved.

[0042] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific implementation methods, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands, characterized in that: include: A substrate, a ground plane, a first PIN diode, a second PIN diode, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, and a third microstrip line; The ground plane is located on the lower surface of the substrate, the first microstrip line is printed on the upper surface of the substrate and connected to one end of the feeding SAM connector, and the other end of the feeding SAM connector is connected to the ground plane; The top of the first microstrip line is in contact with the first PIN diode; The bottom of the second microstrip line contacts the bottom of the first PIN diode, and the top contacts the second PIN diode; The bottom of the third microstrip line is in contact with the second PIN diode; The resonant state of the antenna is adjusted by controlling the bias states of the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode.

2. The wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for S, C and X bands according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative dielectric constant of the substrate material is 4.4, and the loss tangent value is 0.

025.

3. The wireless multi-band frequency reconfigurable antenna applicable to S, C and X bands according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm.

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