An FTU integrated backup power supply

Abstract

The present invention provides an integrated backup power supply for an FTU (Functional Transmission Unit) (FTU), comprising an energy storage unit and a power control unit. The power control unit comprises a CPU, a sampling module, a control module, a battery interface, a power module, a DC output module, and a communication module. The sampling module collects the operating parameters of the energy storage unit in real time and transmits them to the CPU. The control module adjusts and controls the operating status of the energy storage unit and can be remotely controlled by the FTU to start and stop the energy storage unit. The battery interface is configured as a hot-swappable interface for plugging into the energy storage unit. The power module supplies power to the power control unit and charges the energy storage unit. The DC output module outputs power for use by the FTU. The communication module enables communication between the CPU and the FTU terminal. The present invention utilizes a hot-swappable interface to reduce connection and wiring complexity, improve performance and reliability, and reduce installation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the FTU can communicate with the FTU, enabling monitoring of the battery's full lifecycle status, resolving the issue of isolated battery monitoring information, and facilitating maintenance and continuous improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of distribution network terminals, and in particular to an FTU integrated backup power supply. Background Art

[0002] The backup power supply of the distribution network terminal is used to provide sufficient power support to ensure the normal operation of the equipment when the distribution network automation equipment terminal loses the main power supply.

[0003] The existing backup power supply for 10kV distribution network terminals in China mainly uses lead-acid batteries, supercapacitors and lithium batteries as energy storage units. The energy storage unit and the power module are connected by wires. At the same time, the connection modes of each manufacturer are different and there is a lack of unified standards. In addition, most of the existing backup power supplies cannot communicate with the distribution terminals. The existing backup power supply processing methods are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is impossible to monitor the battery operation and health status. The operation status of the backup power supply is basically in an information island state, and it is difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to grasp the actual operation status of the backup power supply.

[0004] Especially in the scenario of capacitor power supply, the two capacitor power supply AC24V input and single power 10W input have low power and cannot be directly operated by the switch. It needs to rely on the backup power supply. In this scenario, the quality of the backup power supply will directly affect the operation of the switch. Moreover, the power supply capacitors of different manufacturers are also different, resulting in different types of power supply voltage waveforms connected to the power module. Therefore, the existing power module needs to modify the resistors and other components on the circuit board according to the power supply capacitors of different manufacturers in order to adapt. This brings great trouble to the adaptation and poor adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems and shortcomings and provide an FTU integrated backup power supply to solve the problems of connection and wiring complexity between existing backup power supply devices, battery status being in an information island state and poor adaptability.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] The FTU integrated backup power supply described in the present invention is characterized in that it includes an energy storage unit and a power control unit, and the power control unit includes: a CPU, which is used to coordinate and control the operation and scheduling of the following modules of the power control unit; a sampling module, which is used to collect the working parameters of the energy storage unit in real time and transmit the collected working parameters to the CPU; a control module, which controls the working state of the energy storage unit according to the instructions given by the CPU and adapts to different power supply modes according to the parameter configuration or setting of the CPU, and is connected to the remote control output end of the FTU so that the FTU can control the start and stop of the energy storage unit through the remote control relay; a battery interface, which is constructed as a hot-swappable interface and is plugged into the energy storage unit through the hot-swappable interface; a power module, which is connected to the FTU and is used to supply power to the power control unit and charge the energy storage unit; a DC output module, which is connected to the FTU and is used to output power for use by the FTU; and a communication module, which is connected to the FTU and the CPU and is used to realize communication and interaction between the CPU and the FTU terminal.

[0008] In some embodiments, the energy storage unit is a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery, or a supercapacitor.

[0009] In certain embodiments, the sampling module is connected to the battery interface, and the sampling module includes an analog front-end circuit, a voltage acquisition circuit, a current sensor, a sampling resistor, and a temperature sensor; the voltage acquisition circuit and the temperature sensor are both connected to the analog front-end circuit, the current sensor is connected in series to the main positive or main auxiliary circuit of the energy storage unit, the sampling resistor is connected and cooperated with the current sensor, the analog front-end circuit converts the collected analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the CPU, and the CPU then uploads it to the FTU through the communication module.

[0010] Furthermore, the voltage acquisition circuit is used to collect the voltage of each single cell in the energy storage unit, the group voltage and the input voltage; the current sensor is used to measure the charge and discharge current of the energy storage unit and transmit the charge and discharge current signal to the analog front-end circuit; the sampling resistor is used to detect the current of the energy storage unit; the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the single cell and the battery pack.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the regulation module is connected to the battery interface to achieve regulation and control of the energy storage unit; the regulation module includes a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, a control circuit, a core capacitance circuit, a balancing circuit and a protection circuit; the core capacitance circuit is respectively connected to the discharge circuit and the protection circuit, and the switch contacts of the control circuit are embedded in the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, the core capacitance circuit and the balancing circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the charging circuit is used for current limiting and voltage division to control the on / off and size of the charging current; the discharge circuit is used to output a stable DC24V voltage for use by the FTU and for discharging the discharge resistor in the core capacitor circuit; the control circuit is used to control the on / off of the charging circuit, discharge circuit, core capacitor circuit and balancing circuit; the core capacitor circuit cooperates with the sampling module and the CPU, the CPU issues a core capacitor instruction to mobilize the discharge circuit to discharge the discharge resistor of the core capacitor circuit, the sampling module collects the operating parameters of the battery discharge process in real time, and the CPU obtains the sampled data for capacity calculation; the balancing circuit is used for a voltage stabilization circuit to balance the voltages between the individual cells in the energy storage unit; the protection circuit is used to cut off the circuit in time when an abnormality occurs in the power control unit to protect the energy storage unit from damage.

[0013] In some embodiments, the power supply module is a power supply, and the power supply module supports PT power or capacitor power (two-way) input, and converts the input AC power into DC power.

[0014] In some embodiments, the DC output module outputs one or two DC 24V power supplies.

[0015] In some embodiments, the communication module communicates with the FTU via RS485, and uploads data related to telemetry, telesignaling, and alarm protection information of the energy storage unit's operating status to the FTU. At the same time, the FTU issues battery activation start and stop, battery start and stop, capacity control, capacity lock, or parameter setting commands to the integrated backup power supply.

[0016] In some embodiments, the hot-swap interface includes a connector and an interface, the connector is provided on the energy storage unit, and the interface is provided on the power control unit.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) The power control unit of the present invention has complete battery management functions, actively protects against energy storage unit anomalies, and ensures the safe use of the energy storage unit; it can also actively check the capacity according to the algorithm strategy and detect the health of the energy storage unit; and it can adapt to the power supply capacitors of different manufacturers by adjusting the parameters through the control module without any modification, and has strong applicability.

[0019] (2) The present invention uses a hot-swappable interface to connect to the energy storage unit, thereby forming an integrated FTU backup power supply, which not only reduces the connection and wiring complexity between devices, but also improves performance and reliability, and reduces installation and maintenance costs.

[0020] (3) The present invention realizes precise control of the sampling, charging and discharging process of the energy storage unit through close cooperation between the CPU, sampling module and control module inside the power control unit, and monitors the operating status, SOC and SOH, temperature, etc. of the energy storage unit in real time, thereby ensuring the optimal performance of the energy storage unit and effectively improving the service life of the energy storage unit.

[0021] (4) The present invention communicates with the FTU through a communication module to monitor the battery's entire life cycle status, solve the information island problem, and facilitate maintenance and continuous improvement by operation and maintenance personnel.

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is the working principle diagram of the FTU backup power supply currently available on the market;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of the FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a wiring diagram of the FTU integrated backup power supply PT power supply of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a wiring diagram of the capacitor-powered FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "match," "connect," "connect," and "install" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Distribution network terminals are often installed outdoors, facing unstable power supplies caused by various environmental factors. A backup power supply provides continuous and stable power to terminals in the event of a main power failure or outage, ensuring normal operation of terminal equipment. This is crucial for power system monitoring, data collection, and fault location.

[0032] The backup power supply of distribution network terminals plays a vital role in the power system, but it also has some shortcomings, mainly including the following two aspects:

[0033] 1. High maintenance cost

[0034] Battery maintenance is cumbersome: Batteries are a common backup power source for distribution network terminals. However, they require regular maintenance, including checking battery status, cleaning the battery surface, and measuring battery voltage and internal resistance. This maintenance is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also requires specialized knowledge and skills. If maintenance is not timely or appropriate, the battery's performance and lifespan may be affected.

[0035] Supercapacitors have limited lifespans: Supercapacitors, another commonly used backup power source, offer relatively low maintenance costs but have a relatively short lifespan and require regular replacement. Furthermore, supercapacitors offer a short lifespan and may not be able to withstand prolonged power outages.

[0036] 2. Difficulty in management

[0037] Inconvenient monitoring and management: Centralized monitoring and management of backup power supplies for a large number of distributed distribution network terminals is a challenge. The lack of effective monitoring and management methods may result in power failures not being discovered and addressed in a timely manner.

[0038] Battery health status is difficult to understand: The health status of a battery is crucial to its performance and lifespan, but it is difficult to accurately assess it through simple methods. If the battery health status is poor, it may cause power failure or shorten the service life.

[0039] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an FTU integrated backup power supply. An embodiment of the FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, an FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention includes an energy storage unit and a power control unit, wherein the power control unit includes: a CPU, which is used to coordinate and control the operation and scheduling of each module of the power control unit; a sampling module, which is used to collect the working parameters of the energy storage unit in real time and transmit the collected working parameters to the CPU; a control module, which adjusts and controls the working state of the energy storage unit according to the instructions given by the CPU and is configured or set according to the parameters of the CPU to adapt to different power supply modes, and is connected to the remote control relay output end of the FTU so that the FTU can control the start and stop of the energy storage unit through the remote control relay; a battery interface, which is constructed as a hot-swappable interface and is plugged into the energy storage unit through the hot-swappable interface; a power module, which is connected to the FTU and is used to supply power to the power control unit and charge the energy storage unit; a DC output module, which is connected to the FTU and is used to output power for use by the FTU; and a communication module, which is connected to the FTU and the CPU and is used to realize communication and interaction between the CPU and the FTU terminal.

[0041] The current backup power supply of the power distribution terminal is composed of three independent modules, namely the power module, the BMS module and the battery pack. The three are connected by wires, and the power module and the FTU are also connected by multiple wires, which leads to the complexity of the connection and wiring between the devices; although when the energy storage unit uses a lithium battery, the wire connection of the BMS module can be omitted because the lithium battery has its own BMS system, but the power module and the lithium battery are still connected by wires, and there are also problems of complex wiring and inconvenient maintenance. The present invention adopts a hot-swappable interface to connect to the energy storage unit, thereby forming an integrated FTU backup power supply, which not only reduces the connection and wiring complexity between devices, but also improves performance and reliability, and reduces installation and maintenance costs. Figure 1 In the prior art shown, the power module and energy storage unit are connected via ±24V hardwiring. The power module and FTU are also hardwired, and the FTU and master station are connected via communication. In addition to a hardwired connection for AC power input from the FTU, the power module and FTU also have at least two other hardwired connections. One of these hardwired connections transmits battery telesignaling information to the FTU, which then transmits received backup power supply telesignaling, telemetry, and alarm protection information to the master station. The other hardwired connection transmits commands such as battery activation start / stop, battery start / stop, backup power supply setting download, and parameter modification from the master station to the power module. In this prior art, the FTU, power module, and battery are all connected via hardwiring (i.e., physical wires). The use of at least three hardwired connections between the FTU and power module complicates the connections and wiring between the devices, increases the workload of installation and commissioning, and makes management difficult.

[0042] The working principle of the FTU integrated backup power supply of the present invention is as follows Figure 3As shown, the integrated backup power supply is integrated into one, and the power control unit combines all functions together. It is then plugged into the lithium battery through a hot-swappable interface to form an integrated FTU backup power supply. In addition to the power supply being connected by wires between the power control unit and the FTU in this integrated backup power supply, data transmission is carried out through a communication module. This embodiment uses RS485 communication. In this way, only the power transmission between the FTU and the power control unit uses wires, and no other wires are used. Therefore, the connection and wiring complexity between devices is reduced, performance and reliability are improved, and installation and maintenance costs are reduced. Moreover, by communicating with the FTU via RS485, the battery's full life cycle status can be monitored, solving the information island problem and facilitating maintenance and continuous improvement by operation and maintenance personnel.

[0043] The power control unit of the present invention has complete battery management functions, actively protects against energy storage unit anomalies, and ensures the safe use of the energy storage unit; it can also actively verify the capacity according to the algorithm strategy and detect the health of the energy storage unit; and the control module can adjust the parameters to adapt to the power supply capacitors of different manufacturers without the need for modification, which has strong applicability. Through the close cooperation of the CPU, sampling module and control module inside the power control unit, precise control of the sampling, charging and discharging process of the energy storage unit is achieved, and the operating status, SOC and SOH, temperature, etc. of the energy storage unit are monitored in real time to ensure the optimal performance of the energy storage unit and effectively improve the service life of the energy storage unit.

[0044] The backup power supply for distribution network terminals mainly includes batteries, UPS power supplies, and voltage-stabilized power supplies. The energy storage unit of the present invention refers to batteries. Batteries are further divided into lead-acid batteries, gel batteries, and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries, as traditional energy storage devices, are mainly composed of positive plates, negative plates, sulfuric acid solution, separators, and tanks. They have high energy density, mature technology, good versatility, and low cost, making them widely used as backup power supplies for distribution network terminals. However, lead-acid batteries also have some disadvantages, such as environmental pollution and significant temperature sensitivity. Gel batteries are another commonly used backup power supply for distribution network terminals. They replace sulfuric acid liquid electrolytes with milky white, translucent gel electrolytes, thereby improving battery performance. Gel batteries have strong deep discharge performance, good temperature adaptability, and are safer and more environmentally friendly than ordinary lead-acid batteries. However, gel batteries are relatively expensive, have relatively large internal resistance, may not have the same high-current discharge capacity as lead-acid batteries, and may also have slightly lower initial capacity.

[0045] The energy storage unit of the present invention can be a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery or a supercapacitor. Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the energy storage unit utilizes a lithium battery. This battery is a battery pack consisting of multiple cells (cells), such as 8 or 16 cells connected in series. Each cell can measure voltage, maximum and minimum cell values, internal resistance, maximum cell differential pressure, and temperature (cell temperature). The battery pack provides information such as pack voltage, charge and discharge current, capacity, and ambient temperature. Lithium batteries can be integrated with intelligent operation and maintenance systems in distribution network terminals to enable real-time monitoring and regular capacity verification of the battery pack. This helps promptly identify battery pack issues and improves the reliability and safety of the distribution system. If a lead-acid battery is used as the FTU backup power source, only two cells are used in series, and the appropriate size and capacity of the battery pack can be selected based on the needs.

[0046] The sampling module of this embodiment is connected to the battery interface. The sampling module and the battery interface are integrated on a circuit board, and the sampling module is communicatively connected to the CPU. The sampling module can be an analog sampling module, a digital sampling module, or a multi-channel sampling module. The sampling module collects various operating parameters of the energy storage unit through sensors or analog circuits, including the voltage, current, capacity, and temperature of the battery pack or single cell; and converts the collected signals into digital signals after amplification, filtering, and other processing; these digital signals are transmitted to the CPU through the communication interface for analysis and processing; the CPU decodes, calculates, and processes the received digital signals to obtain various parameter information of the energy storage unit. These parameters can be used to monitor the working status of the energy storage unit, predict faults, and take timely measures.

[0047] Specifically, the sampling module includes an analog front-end circuit, a voltage acquisition circuit, a current sensor, a sampling resistor, and a temperature sensor. The analog front-end circuit (AFE) includes an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) that acquires analog signals and converts them into digital signals, which are then sent to the CPU. The CPU further processes the signals before uploading them to the FTU via the communication module. To improve the resolution of the digital signals, the AFE circuit may also include filtering and amplification circuits. The voltage acquisition circuit in this embodiment includes a voltage divider resistor network. This voltage acquisition circuit, connected to the AFE circuit, can accurately measure the voltage of each battery cell in the energy storage unit, the battery pack voltage, and the input voltage (charging voltage), thereby ensuring voltage balance in the energy storage unit and preventing overcharge or over-discharge. The current sensor, connected in series with the main positive or main auxiliary circuit of the energy storage unit, measures the charge and discharge current of the entire battery pack and sends the charge and discharge current signals to the AFE circuit for processing. The current sensor also coordinates with the CPU control module to control charge and discharge, estimate battery SOC (state of charge) and SOH (state of health), and provide overcurrent and overcharge protection. The sampling resistor is used in conjunction with the current sensor to detect the current of the battery pack. The temperature sensor is connected to the analog front-end circuit to measure the temperature of the single cell and battery pack to ensure that the battery pack operates within the appropriate temperature range.

[0048] The control module of the present invention is connected to the battery interface. In addition to having BMS-related functions, the most important feature of the control module is its adaptive function, that is, by configuring parameters for the CPU control program or setting the operating mode, the power input circuit of the control module is adjusted and adapted, so that it can adapt to different power-taking modes and power-taking capacitors with different parameters. Because currently, whether it is PT power or capacitor power, especially capacitor power, the power-taking capacitors of different manufacturers are different. According to the existing power module, it is necessary to modify the resistors and other components on the power module to adapt to the corresponding power-taking capacitors. The power control unit of the present invention can automatically adapt the power input circuit of the control module to the power-taking capacitor according to the parameters of the power-taking capacitor used, and then configure or set the parameters of the CPU, thus eliminating the trouble of changing the components of the circuit board. The parameters here can be operating mode parameters including PT power-taking mode, capacitor power-taking mode 1, capacitor power-taking mode 2, capacitor power-taking mode 3, etc.

[0049] Based on the parameters collected by the sampling module, the control module communicates with the CPU to control the energy storage unit's charge and discharge current, battery activation start / stop, battery start / stop, battery capacity verification, battery capacity lock, battery balancing, and battery heating film heating on / off. The control module includes a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, a control circuit, a capacity verification circuit, a balancing circuit, and a protection circuit.

[0050] The charging circuit of this embodiment includes components such as power devices, resistors, filter capacitors, voltage regulator diodes, and MOSFET tubes, which play a role in current limiting and voltage dividing during the charging process, controlling the on / off and magnitude of the current, ensuring trickle charging when the battery power is extremely low, constant current charging after the power rises to a certain level, constant voltage charging when the power is close to full, and continuous float charging of the battery with a small pulse current when it is close to fully full. The discharge circuit of this embodiment includes a DC / DC converter and a filter capacitor. The energy storage unit outputs DC24V and connects it to the filter capacitor circuit to smooth the pulsating DC power, thereby outputting a stable DC24V voltage for use by the FTU. In addition, it is also used to discharge the discharge resistor of the core capacitor circuit. The process of the control module controlling the charge and discharge current of the energy storage unit is as follows: the sampling module monitors the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the lithium battery, and the CPU provides these parameters to the control module. The control module accurately controls the charge and discharge process of the lithium battery based on these parameters and the needs of the energy storage system, through the charging circuit and the discharge circuit, to ensure that the lithium battery operates within the appropriate current range, avoid overcharging and discharging or overload, thereby protecting the lithium battery and extending its service life.

[0051] The control module in this embodiment controls the activation of batteries by starting or stopping them: The control module communicates with the CPU to start or stop the activation process based on preset activation cycles or conditions. This activation is achieved via a control circuit that includes relays. Remote control of the relays switches individual circuits on and off, enabling remote activation and stopping. Battery activation helps restore battery performance, particularly after lithium batteries have been unused for an extended period.

[0052] The switch contacts of the control circuit of this embodiment are embedded in the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, the core capacitance circuit and the balancing circuit, and the operation of connecting or disconnecting these circuits is achieved by turning on and off the control switch.

[0053] The capacitance-control circuit in this embodiment includes a discharge resistor, capacitor, Zener diode, MOSFET, and other components. The capacitance-control circuit is connected to the discharge circuit and protection circuit, and collaborates with the sampling module and CPU. The control module controls battery capacitance control as follows: The CPU, based on a preset timed capacitance-control instruction or a capacitance-control instruction issued by the FTU, sends a command to the discharge circuit, instructing it to begin discharging. Upon receiving the signal, the discharge circuit opens the connection with the discharge resistor in the capacitance-control circuit, thereby discharging the discharge resistor. When the discharge reaches a preset condition, the CPU sends a stop-discharge signal to the discharge circuit, instructing it to cease discharge. The sampling module collects operating parameters of the capacitance-control discharge process (such as battery discharge time and voltage) in real time. The CPU uses the sampled data to calculate the battery capacity. During the battery capacitance-control process, the capacitance-control circuit interacts with the protection circuit, which monitors the voltage and current of the energy storage unit during discharge to ensure that the discharge does not exceed the safety range set by the protection circuit. In the event of overdischarge, the connection between the discharge circuit and the capacitance-control circuit's discharge resistor is severed, halting discharge and ensuring safe discharge. Regularly testing or calibrating the capacity of lithium batteries can ensure that the capacity information of lithium batteries is accurate and reliable, so as to evaluate the remaining service life and performance of the battery.

[0054] The control module of this embodiment locks the battery capacity as follows: during the charge and discharge process of the battery, the control module's charging and discharging circuits lock the capacity when the battery is discharged to a certain set capacity through a control algorithm and strategy, stopping the battery's low-current discharge and only allowing the operating switch to discharge at a high current, thereby ensuring normal operation of the operating switch and maintaining the stability of the lithium battery power supply.

[0055] The balancing circuit of this embodiment includes a MOSFET switch tube, a resistor, and a capacitor, among which the resistor plays the role of limiting the flow of current and controlling the voltage; the capacitor can store electric field energy and resist voltage changes. That is, the balancing circuit acts as a voltage stabilizing circuit to achieve voltage balancing between each single cell in the battery pack. The control module has a battery balancing function. It monitors the voltage, capacity, and state differences between each lithium battery cell in the battery pack through the sampling module, and then uses the balancing circuit to perform active or passive balancing to make the voltage, capacity, and state between the lithium battery cells reach a relatively consistent state, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of the entire battery pack.

[0056] The control module in this embodiment activates and deactivates the battery heating film as follows: In low-temperature environments, to maintain the normal operating temperature and performance of the lithium battery, the control circuit of the control module controls the heating process of the battery heating film. When the sampling module detects that the lithium battery temperature is below a set value, the CPU issues a command to the control circuit to activate heating of the battery heating film; when the lithium battery temperature reaches the set value, heating stops.

[0057] The protection circuit of this embodiment includes not only an over-discharge protection circuit but also circuits and components such as over-charge protection and short-circuit protection, which are used to cut off the circuit in time when an abnormality occurs in the power control unit to protect the energy storage unit from damage.

[0058] The control module of this embodiment also includes a battery start / stop circuit, and the switch contacts of the control circuit are also embedded in this battery start / stop circuit. The control module of this embodiment controls the battery start / stop process as follows: the FTU sends a backup power supply start / stop command to the CPU via the communication module. The CPU then relays this command to the control circuit of the control module, which in turn switches the control switch in the battery start / stop circuit on and off, thereby controlling the lithium battery start / stop. Once the FTU's integrated backup power supply is in operation, the lithium battery is always in operation; it is only deactivated when, for example, the battery is being inspected, replaced, or its performance is being tested.

[0059] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the start and stop functions of the energy storage unit can still be controlled when communication is interrupted in extreme cases and the power control unit cannot be operated normally, such as Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the FTU of this embodiment is provided with an output connection connected to the control module. Specifically, the output connection of the relay in the FTU is connected to the battery start-stop circuit. The relay can be used to control the start-stop function of the energy storage unit. When the power control unit cannot be operated normally to start and stop the energy storage unit, the battery start-stop function can also be achieved by remotely controlling the opening and closing of the FTU's own relay. When the relay is closed, the battery start-stop circuit of the control module is connected, starting the circuit of the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is put into use to power the FTU; when the remote control relay is disconnected, the battery start-stop circuit is disconnected, stopping the circuit of the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is taken out of use.

[0060] The power module of this invention is a power supply used to power the entire power control unit and charge the energy storage unit. This power module features flexible external power supply input, supporting both PT (voltage transformer) and capacitor (two-way capacitor) input. After receiving AC power, it converts it into low-voltage DC power. A portion of this is converted to low-voltage DC (5V) for the internal circuits of the power control unit, and a portion is converted to 24V DC for charging the energy storage unit.

[0061] In the PT power supply, the power module obtains the required power by connecting to the secondary side of the PT. Figure 4As shown in the figure, the power module can obtain AC220V power from the FTU through the PT. This method of obtaining power is relatively stable and reliable. Capacitor power (2-way) usually refers to a method of obtaining power directly from the power line through high-voltage capacitors and other devices, and has two independent input channels. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the power module obtains two AC24V power supplies from the FTU through capacitors.

[0062] The DC output module of the present invention is connected to the control module. When the main power fails, is powered off, or is insufficient, the control module controls the lithium battery to output one or two DC 24V power supplies from the DC output module to the FTU. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, PT is used for power supply, and the DC output module outputs DC24V to FTU; Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, capacitors are used for power supply, and the DC output module outputs two DC24V to the FTU, one of which is used by the FTU and the other is used for operating the switch, such as opening, closing, and switch energy storage.

[0063] The communication module in this embodiment communicates with the FTU via RS485, enabling data transmission, remote monitoring, and control. It can upload data related to telemetry, telesignaling, and alarm protection information regarding the energy storage unit's operating status to the FTU, enabling real-time monitoring and scheduling, and promptly detecting and addressing abnormalities. Simultaneously, commands issued by the FTU, such as battery activation and shutdown, battery start / stop, capacity verification, capacity lock, or parameter setting, are also transmitted to the power control unit's CPU via the communication module. The CPU then executes the corresponding commands through the control module, enabling the energy storage unit's battery activation and shutdown, battery start / stop, capacity verification, and capacity lock.

[0064] The hot-swap interface of the present invention includes a connector and an interface, wherein the connector is arranged on the energy storage unit and the interface is arranged on the power control unit. The structure of the hot-swap interface is similar to the existing VGA, HDMI, cable pins, distribution network aviation plugs and other interface forms, so that after the power control unit is connected to the energy storage unit through the hot-swap interface, it can realize functions such as collection and regulation of the energy storage unit. The specific structural style is not limited.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0066] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. An FTU integrated backup power supply, characterized in that: It includes an energy storage unit and a power supply control unit, and the power supply control unit includes: The CPU is used to coordinate and control the operation and scheduling of the following modules of the power control unit; a sampling module, configured to collect the operating parameters of the energy storage unit in real time and transmit the collected operating parameters to the CPU; A control module controls the working state of the energy storage unit according to the instructions given by the CPU and configures or sets the parameters of the CPU to adapt to different power supply modes; is connected to the remote control relay output of the FTU so that the FTU can control the start and stop of the energy storage unit through the remote control relay; The battery interface is configured as a hot-swappable interface and is connected to the energy storage unit via the hot-swappable interface; A power module, connected to the FTU, for supplying power to the power control unit and charging the energy storage unit; a DC output module, connected to the FTU, for outputting power for use by the FTU; The communication module is connected to the FTU and the CPU, and is used to realize communication and interaction between the CPU and the FTU terminal.

2. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit is a lithium battery, a lead-acid battery or a supercapacitor.

3. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling module is connected to the battery interface and includes an analog front-end circuit, a voltage acquisition circuit, a current sensor, a sampling resistor, and a temperature sensor. The voltage acquisition circuit and the temperature sensor are both connected to the analog front-end circuit. The current sensor is connected in series to the main positive or main auxiliary circuit of the energy storage unit. The sampling resistor is connected to the current sensor. The analog front-end circuit converts the collected analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the CPU. The CPU then uploads it to the FTU through the communication module.

4. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: The voltage acquisition circuit is used to collect the voltage of each single cell in the energy storage unit, the group voltage and the input voltage; The current sensor is used to measure the charge and discharge current of the energy storage unit and transmit the charge and discharge current signal to the analog front-end circuit; The sampling resistor is used to detect the current of the energy storage unit; The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the single battery and the battery pack.

5. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulation module is connected to the battery interface to achieve regulation and control of the energy storage unit; the regulation module includes a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, a control circuit, a core capacitance circuit, a balancing circuit and a protection circuit; the core capacitance circuit is respectively connected to the discharging circuit and the protection circuit, and the switch contacts of the control circuit are embedded in the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, the core capacitance circuit and the balancing circuit.

6. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that: The charging circuit is used for current limiting and voltage division to control the on / off and magnitude of the charging current; The discharge circuit is used to output a stable DC24V voltage for use by the FTU and to discharge the discharge resistor in the core capacitor circuit; The control circuit is used to control the on and off of the charging circuit, the discharging circuit, the core capacitance circuit and the balancing circuit; The core capacitance circuit cooperates with the sampling module and the CPU. The CPU issues a core capacitance instruction to activate the discharge circuit to discharge the discharge resistor of the core capacitance circuit. The sampling module collects operating parameters of the battery discharge process in real time, and the CPU obtains the sampled data to calculate the capacity. The equalization circuit is used as a voltage stabilization circuit to balance the voltages between the individual cells in the energy storage unit; The protection circuit is used to cut off the circuit in time when an abnormality occurs in the power control unit to protect the energy storage unit from damage.

7. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module is a power supply. The power supply module supports PT power or capacitor power input and converts the input AC power into DC power.

8. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC output module outputs one or two DC 24V power supplies.

9. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module communicates with the FTU via RS485, and uploads data related to telemetry, telesignaling and alarm protection information of the energy storage unit's operating status to the FTU. At the same time, the FTU issues battery activation start and stop, battery start and stop, capacity verification, capacity lock or parameter setting commands to the integrated backup power supply.

10. The FTU integrated backup power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot-swap interface includes a connector and an interface, the connector is arranged on the energy storage unit, and the interface is arranged on the power control unit.

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