Charging and discharging machine for battery repair and charging and discharging control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a charging and discharging machine for battery repair and a charging and discharging control method of the charging and discharging machine. Comprising a discharging module (1), a charging module (2) and a control module (3), the control module (3) is used for voltage monitoring, timing and control over charging and discharging, the control end of the control module (3) is connected with the discharging module (1) and the charging module (2), the signal input end of the control module (3) is electrically connected with the power input end of the discharging module (1), and the power output end of the charging module (2) is electrically connected with two terminals of an external battery. And the control module (3) solidifies a discharging program and a repairing charging program according to the grid number and the nominal capacity of the battery, controls the battery to pause for a plurality of times when the battery is discharged to a cut-off voltage value of a technical standard, and records real-time electromotive force data of the battery as a logic control signal for repairing charging current intensity of charging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to battery-specific equipment, and in particular to a charging and discharging machine for battery repair and a charging and discharging control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The battery referred to in this application is the abbreviation of lead-acid battery, also known as lead-carbon battery, which has the advantages of safe and reliable use, stable performance, large capacity, and high discharge intensity. It is widely used in automobiles, communications, radio and television, IT, electricity, railways, aviation, ports, military, finance, energy and other fields. It is in wide demand and used in huge amounts, but has a shorter service life than lithium-ion batteries and an astonishing amount of waste. For this reason, socialized battery repair services have been relatively active, expanding the application concept of multiple life cycles of lead-acid batteries and also raising technical issues for remanufacturing.

[0003] Improper use of lead-acid batteries, such as excessively high operating environment, long-term undercharging, excessive discharge or failure to charge in time after discharge, etc., will cause the battery capacity to decline prematurely. The technical reasons known to the industry can be attributed to the softening of the positive active material and the crystallization and saltization of the negative active material lead sulfate; the softening of the positive active material is also called mudification, which is manifested as a large reduction in the active material and conductive lattice participating in the electrochemical reaction, and the inability to carry out normal electrochemical reactions; the crystallization and saltization of the negative active material lead sulfate is referred to as sulfidation, which forms coarse lead sulfate crystals that become irreversible lead sulfate, hindering the penetration of the electrolyte, increasing the internal resistance, and causing a significant reduction in capacity.

[0004] The so-called multi-cycle life cycle means that the battery can continue to be used for a considerable period of time after repair after the capacity decreases, so that the softening of the positive electrode active material and the sulfidation of the negative electrode active material that are manifested by the decrease in battery capacity can be restored. An important technical perspective of this technology is how to realize intelligent charging and discharging, so that the control of voltage, current intensity and charging amount does not need to rely on the experience of engineers and the industry's accumulation of a lot of practical experience in charging methods.

[0005] The serious decline in battery capacity is due to the softening of positive electrode active materials, the sulfation of negative electrode active materials, and the severe corrosion of the current collector (grid). With the widespread application of functional polymers today, the industry's capacity repair of electrochemical active materials is no longer a major problem, and there is also rich practical experience in judging whether the current collector (grid) is severely corroded. Therefore, it is very important to realize intelligent charging and discharging repair of batteries.

[0006] Another important technical issue in battery repair is the selection of the initial charging current intensity. Experienced engineers usually measure the ohmic internal resistance before repair and select the initial charging current intensity based on the internal resistance. Since there are many factors that make up the battery internal resistance, the ohmic internal resistance measured by low- and medium-end measuring instruments constructed with simple measurement models is not accurate, and the data obtained is only of relative reference significance, which brings great trouble to the battery repair work.

[0007] With the development of battery repair and maintenance services, the industry hopes for the emergence of a charging and discharging machine dedicated to battery repair that can provide a package solution to the deep discharge and repair charging unique to battery repair. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a charging and discharging machine for battery repair in response to the needs of the battery repair industry. The electromotive force reflected by the no-load after the battery is discharged to the standard cut-off voltage is used to provide an objective basis for setting the starting charging current intensity of the battery repair, and the deep discharge is combined to make the battery repair effect more ideal.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a charging and discharging machine for battery repair, which includes a discharging module, a charging module and a control module; the control module is used for voltage monitoring, timing, and charging and discharging control, and its control end is connected to the discharging module and the charging module, and its signal input end is electrically connected to the two poles of an external battery with the power input end of the discharging module and the power output end of the charging module; the control module solidifies the discharge program and the repair charging program according to the number of cells and the nominal capacity of the battery, controls the battery to pause for a certain time when discharging to the cut-off voltage value of the technical standard, and records the real-time electromotive force data of the battery as a logic control signal of the starting current intensity of the repair charging.

[0010] The technical purpose of the present invention is to be specifically used for battery repair. The cut-off voltage value for discharging the battery to the technical standard is clearly specified in the industry technical standards for various types of batteries. For example, the cut-off voltage value for power batteries is usually 1.75V / cell, and the cut-off voltage value for backup batteries is usually 1.80V / cell. The starting charging current intensity of the repair charge refers to the charging current intensity of the first stage of battery repair charging.

[0011] The technical solution of the above-mentioned charger and discharger includes a data table, a power terminal and a frame; the data table and the power terminal are fixed on the panel of the frame; the charging module and the control module are fixed in the frame; the power input end of the discharge module and the power output end of the charging module are electrically connected to the power terminal; the signal output end of the control module is connected to the data table, and its signal input end is connected to the power terminal. The power terminal is fixed on the panel of the frame, which means that the power interface is located outside the frame and is connected to the two terminals of the battery when in use; the control module is set in the frame in the form of a control chip according to the design number of the charger and discharger and the power of the discharge and charging modules, or it is set outside the frame in the form of a coordinated control computer to expand some functions or even all functions.

[0012] The technical solution of the above charger and discharger also includes a data terminal; the data terminal is fixed to the panel of the frame, and is connected to the signal input terminal of the control module inside the frame. Setting a dedicated data terminal can make the voltage signal input of the external battery not need to borrow the power terminal, eliminating the influence of the power line voltage drop on the signal accuracy.

[0013] The technical solution of the above charger and discharger also includes a selection switch, which is arranged on the panel of the frame and connected to the control input terminal of the control module inside the frame, and the gear position corresponds to the discharge program and the repair charging program solidified by the control module. By selecting different gear positions of the selection switch, it can adapt to the use of batteries of different specifications.

[0014] Based on the above-mentioned charging and discharging machine for battery repair, the present invention also provides a charging and discharging control method, the steps of which include: discharging first and then charging; the discharging is to discharge with a current intensity of 0.05-0.5C / A of the nominal capacity value of the battery to the cut-off voltage value corresponding to the technical standard, and then pause for 10 seconds to 30 minutes, and the control module records the real-time electromotive force data selected during the static time period, and uses the real-time electromotive force data as a logical control signal for the starting current intensity of the repair charge. The current intensity of the discharge is not limited within the range of 0.05-0.5C / A, and the current value I corresponding to the nominal capacity and discharge time rate is preferably 标放 The electromotive force when the battery is discharged to the technical standard cut-off voltage value is also called the no-load electromotive force. It tends to stabilize within tens of seconds and is basically stable within 30 minutes.

[0015] In the control method, the data of the discharge and charge records are displayed on a data table, including: real-time electromotive force data selected during the static time period, and real-time current value, voltage value, time value, and capacity value of the repair charging process.

[0016] In the control method, the magnitude of the starting current intensity is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the real-time electromotive force data. The inverse relationship is that the higher the real-time electromotive force, the smaller the corresponding starting current intensity selected; conversely, the lower the real-time electromotive force, the larger the starting current intensity that can be selected.

[0017] In this control method, the inverse relationship between the real-time electromotive force data and the charging current intensity is:

[0018] Real-time electromotive force <2.0V / cell, starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.10-0.25C / A;

[0019] Real-time electromotive force ≥ 2.1V / cell, starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.03-0.08C / A;

[0020] The real-time electromotive force is less than 2.1V / cell but greater than or equal to 2.0V / cell, and the starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.06-0.15C / A.

[0021] In this control method, the repair charging is a constant current mode or a mode of alternating constant current and constant voltage current limiting, and the total charge capacity is ≥1.30C / Ah. Constant current charging is referred to as constant current charging, and its characteristics are that the current intensity remains unchanged, and the voltage exhibited by the battery being charged to saturation no longer rises, and continued charging is characterized by the unchanged or even continuously decreasing charging voltage; constant voltage current limiting charging is referred to as constant voltage charging, and the current intensity is characterized by a set value before the voltage rises to the constant voltage value, and after the voltage rises to the constant voltage value, the current intensity decreases with time, and theoretically tends to 0. The total charge capacity refers to the remaining charge capacity after deducting the discharge capacity during the charging process. Battery repair experience shows that a total charge capacity less than 1.30C / Ah is not enough to restore the capacity well, and a design combining constant voltage charging and constant current charging is preferred.

[0022] In the control method, before the repair charging, the control module further controls the discharge module to perform deep discharge on the battery, discharging the real-time voltage of the battery to ≤1.0V / cell; the current intensity of the deep discharge is 0.03-0.5C / A. Deep discharge can discharge the battery's state of charge to a relatively uniform benchmark, which is beneficial to the activation of active substances and the subsequent standardized charging repair process.

[0023] The essential feature of the present invention is to use the battery to discharge to the cut-off voltage value of the technical standard, and record the real-time electromotive force of a certain period of no-load as the control basis for the starting charging current intensity of the battery repair. The electromotive force of a certain period of no-load is a special state of the battery, reflecting the potential difference between the positive active material and the negative active material in the no-load state, usually in the range of 1.9-2.0V / cell. The range above 2.0V / cell reflects the abnormal increment of the battery's ohmic internal resistance. The larger the abnormal increment, the more serious the corrosion of the grid; and the corrosion degree of the grid is directly related to the battery's charging capacity, so it can be used as an objective basis for selecting the starting charging current intensity.

[0024] A conventional charger and discharger is a multifunctional device, and the charging and discharging program is programmed by the user according to specific use (including manual adjustment and input command programming). It is rare to see a charger and discharger with a fixed program for a specific function. The present invention provides users with a battery capacity repair tool designed according to the number of cells and nominal capacity of the battery.

[0025] The battery structure includes a single cell and a battery module in which multiple cells are connected in series.

[0026] The advantages of the present invention are: it provides an objective basis for selecting the charging current intensity for battery repair, and combined with the optimization of deep discharge and charging methods, the active material of the plate can obtain a charge amount that is beneficial to activation, which is beneficial to realizing the intelligentization of battery repair and improving the repair efficiency. The control method is clear and the practicability is strong. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the functional modules and charging and discharging logic relationship of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram for adding and setting data terminals;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the integrated design of power terminals and data terminals.

[0030] Figure ID

[0031] 1. Discharge module 2. Charging module 3. Control module 4. Data table

[0032] 5. Frame 6. Power terminal 7. Data terminal DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1It is a hardware structure diagram of the basic functional modules and charging and discharging logic of the present invention, including a discharging module 1, a charging module 2, a control module 3, a data table 4, a power terminal 6 and a bracket 5; the structural features are that the discharging module, the charging module and the control module are fixed in the bracket; the power terminal and the data table are fixed on the operation panel of the bracket; the input end of the discharging module 1 and the output end of the charging module 2 are electrically connected to the power terminal 6; the control end of the control module is connected to the discharging module 1 and the charging module 2, its signal output end is connected to the data table 4, and its signal input end is connected to the power terminal; the discharging module selects a product with controllable current intensity and meets the maximum current intensity of the battery discharge; the charging module selects a product with controllable charging mode and meets the maximum current intensity requirement of charging.

[0035] Figure 1 In order to clearly highlight the working logic relationship of the functional modules, the AC-DC adapter power supply electrically connected to the external power grid configured for each functional module is not marked; when the charger and discharger is in use, the power terminals are electrically connected to the two poles of the external battery, and the control module obtains the battery voltage signal through the power terminals (ignoring the voltage drop of the external power line).

[0036] The control functions stored in the control module 3 include voltage monitoring, charging, discharging, and timing. The functional structure of this type of control module is relatively simple and easy to purchase on the market. The selected discharge module and charging module are equipped with control circuits and logic control terminals. The control module only needs to issue a 1 / 0 control instruction to achieve the above-mentioned discharge, charging or sleep. Due to the development of integrated circuit technology and market-specific devices, the logic control function of the control module and the discharge current intensity control of the discharge module and the charging current intensity control of the charging module can be achieved through a combination of market-specific devices.

[0037] The basic technical requirements of the discharge module 1 are to meet the discharge power demand and controllable discharge starting current, and there is no limitation on whether the discharge current is constant; when the discharge module adopts rated impedance, the discharge current intensity will decrease as the battery voltage decreases; when the battery discharge current needs to be constant, the impedance of the discharge module needs to decrease as the battery discharge voltage decreases; due to the technological development of semiconductor materials and special devices, discharge modules with constant and controllable discharge current are very mature in the market, and it is recommended to use a discharge module with constant discharge current.

[0038] The basic technical requirement of the charging module 2 is to meet the charging power requirements and realize the working modes of constant voltage current limiting charging and constant current charging. Constant voltage current limiting charging and constant current charging can be realized by using a charging module with an attached control circuit or by the control program of the control module. The same is true for the discharge module.

[0039] Figure 1In the example, the signal input terminal of the control module 3 is connected to the power terminal 6. The line loss voltage drop caused by the power line cannot be ignored. The data terminal 7 is a design preference. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected in the bracket 5. Figure 2 As shown, when in use, the data terminal is electrically connected to the two terminals of the battery through the data line.

[0040] Setting selection switches on the charging and discharging machine panel and setting gears corresponding to different discharge programs is a general design familiar to technical personnel in this field. Different control programs are activated by selecting different gears, so that one machine can be used for multiple purposes and meet the needs of batteries of different specifications, including different nominal voltages and capacities.

[0041] A characteristic of battery repair charging is that the internal resistance and residual capacity of the battery to be repaired vary greatly, and the charging acceptance capacity is different. In particular, the choice of the starting charging current intensity will directly affect the capacity repair effect; when the battery internal resistance is seriously high and the charging capacity is weak, using a large starting current will cause the voltage to rise rapidly and generate a lot of heat at the same time. Therefore, in the battery repair operation, it is hoped to use a more appropriate current intensity for charging.

[0042] The real-time electromotive force when the battery is discharged to the nominal cut-off voltage and the battery is idle for a certain period of time reflects the ohmic internal resistance of the battery to be repaired, which essentially reflects the degree of corrosion of the grid, that is, the internal resistance generated by the junction of the active material and the grid. The larger the internal resistance, the weaker the charging capacity. Those skilled in the art are aware that when the battery is discharged to the quasi-no-load state of the nominal cut-off voltage and the discharge is stopped, its no-load electromotive force (commonly referred to as the open-circuit voltage in the industry) is a value that rises rapidly and stabilizes slowly, tending to a stable value in tens of seconds to a few minutes, and is generally basically stable within 30 minutes. Although it continues to rise within the next 24-72 hours, the change is not large.

[0043] The display of the discharge and charge record data in the data table 4 is a conventional design preference, which displays the real-time electromotive force data selected during the static time period and the real-time current value, voltage value, time value, and capacity value of the repair charging process, so that the operator can know the battery status at a glance.

[0044] The proposed starting charging current intensity is inversely proportional to the size of the no-load electromotive force. It is a control logic design method for selecting and repairing the starting charging current intensity according to the battery's charging capacity. It reflects that the higher the no-load electromotive force, the smaller the starting charging current intensity is selected. Conversely, the lower the no-load real-time electromotive force, the larger the starting charging current intensity is selected.

[0045] The proposed starting current intensity of the real-time electromotive force <2.0V / cell is selected from 0.10-0.25C / A, the real-time electromotive force ≥2.1V / cell is selected from 0.03-0.08C / A, and the real-time electromotive force <2.1V / cell but ≥2.0V / cell is selected from 0.06-0.15C / A. This is a recommended value design reference, because the corresponding value of the current intensity is related to the discharge rate of the battery and the actual The charging ambient temperature is related to the cooling conditions (ventilation, water bath), and needs to be determined comprehensively based on specific conditions. In actual design, the difference between repairing single cells and multi-cell batteries should also be considered. The internal series bridge interface of multi-cell batteries is one of the sources of ohmic internal resistance. The specific design can consider adding 0.01-0.015V / cell, for example, revising the 12.6V (2.1V / cell*6 cells) of a six-cell battery to 12.69V (2.115V / cell*6 cells).

[0046] The discharge is carried out at a current intensity of 0.05-0.5 C / A of the nominal capacity of the battery, preferably the current value I corresponding to the nominal capacity and discharge rate of the battery. 标放 The discharge cut-off voltage is the technical nominal value of this type of battery; since the technical purpose is to record the no-charge electromotive force when discharged to the cut-off voltage, it is not limited to selecting I 标放 Although batteries on the market usually do not have a nominal cut-off voltage, batteries for various purposes are specified in general technical standards.

[0047] The C / Ah is the nominal capacity of the battery, C / A is the current value corresponding to the nominal capacity value, I 标放 Related to the nominal discharge rate. For example, the 6DZM series products for electric bicycles have a discharge rate of 2h, and the nominal capacity of 20Ah corresponds to I 标放 is 1 / 2 of the nominal capacity value (0.5C / A), that is, I 标放 For 10A, 0.5C / A and I 标放 For example, the GFM series products with a discharge rate of 10h for communication standby, with a nominal capacity of 500Ah, have an I 标放 It is 1 / 10 of the nominal capacity value (0.1C / A), that is, I 标放 50A, 0.1C / A and I 标放 Synonymous.

[0048] Deep discharge is a conventional process for repairing battery capacity. Usually the battery is discharged to 1.0V / cell, 0.5V / cell or even lower. For power (traction) batteries with a discharge rate of 2-5 hours, 0.1-0.5C / A deep discharge is recommended. For backup batteries with a discharge rate of 10-20 hours, 0.05-0.3C / A deep discharge is recommended. The technical significance of deep discharge is to release the stored electrical energy accumulated in the low-voltage area of ​​the battery and release the battery charge state to the set benchmark. The deep discharge program can choose to design a single discharge stage or a multi-stage program.

[0049] The total charge amount of the battery repair is ≥1.30C / Ah, which is an optimal experience recommendation. The total charge amount required for repair is different for different battery discharge rates. Constant current charging is a preferred option and is not limited to setting a constant current charging stage. Batteries can generally accept a larger current intensity in the range of <2.4V / cell, but can only accept a smaller current intensity in the range of ≥2.4V / cell, especially ≥2.6V / cell. The small current charging at the end of the repair charging is beneficial for the plate active material to receive energy, avoid excessive heating of the plate, and protect the plate from damage.

[0050] Constant voltage and current limiting charging is difficult to meet the technical requirement of charging capacity ≥ 1.30C / Ah. Similarly, battery repair can be designed with one or more stages of constant voltage and current limiting charging; in general, setting constant current charging combined with constant voltage and current limiting charging can achieve relatively ideal results, which can both ensure charging capacity and avoid excessive heating of the battery.

[0051] During the battery repair charging process, setting a certain period of rest, shallow discharge or alternating large and small current charging is of certain significance to improving the battery's charging capacity. For example, the electromotive force of the battery after a certain period of deep discharge continues to rise with time. It can be set to rest for a certain period of time until the electromotive force is relatively stable before charging. For example, when constant current charging is close to saturation, there is a difference in ion concentration of the electrolyte at the battery terminal (called concentration polarization). Setting rest or inserting shallow discharge is beneficial to eliminate the concentration polarization, thereby increasing the plate's charging capacity.

[0052] After the battery repair charging program is completed, the discharge can be set to display the battery repair capacity data in the data table 4; the data table includes a digital display or a display screen of a coordination control computer. When the charging and discharging machine is designed with fewer charging and discharging circuits, the use of a digital display can meet the conventional use requirements; when there are more discharge circuits or more functions need to be implanted, the control module will upgrade the technology to a coordination control computer, and the data table at this time will be synchronously upgraded to the display screen of the coordination computer. The electromotive force after the battery charging stops decreases with time, and a certain rest time should be set to wait for the electromotive force to be relatively stable before discharging, and the rest time is preferably 10-120 minutes.

[0053] The present invention can have many variations or optimized designs, for example, the power terminal 6 and the data terminal 7 are designed as an integrated structure interface, such as Figure 3 As shown, a dedicated external power line and data line are configured; for example, a manual switch is connected in series in the discharge circuit, and the manual switch is usually connected in series between the discharge module 1 and the power terminal 6, which can reduce the misoperation of the charger and discharger, and the operating procedure of turning on the manual switch only after the external circuit connection is checked; in some low-end chargers and dischargers, the power terminal 6 is usually deformed into a connecting wire with a power cord clamp.

[0054] The present invention is a practical tool for battery repair. The conventional optimized design includes a heat dissipation device including an electric fan and a heat sink, and an AC-DC adapter power supply electrically connected to an external power grid for a control circuit. Heat sinks that are thermally fixed to the discharge module, the charging module, and the control module can ensure that the accumulated heat is effectively dissipated. The heat sink material is usually made of aluminum alloy, and the appearance and shape are arbitrary. The larger the specific surface area, the more conducive to the heat dissipation effect. The electric fan is the most common heat dissipation device. When designing, the electric fan is fixed to the upper part of the frame or any side other than the panel.

[0055] The charging module 2 and the control module 3 are fixed in the mount 5, which implies that the discharge module 1 can be separately set in different mounts from the charging module and the control module; when the discharge current of the discharge module is small, it is easier to dissipate heat through additional devices when it is fixed in the same mount with the charging module and the control module; when the discharge current of the discharge module is large and the heat generated is considerable, its separate settings in different mounts are beneficial to the heat dissipation design of the power module.

[0056] The present invention can be extended to the design of repair charging and discharging machines for batteries or battery packs of any capacity and any voltage range. For example, multiple charging and discharging circuits can be designed in the same charging and discharging machine so that multiple batteries or multi-way battery packs can be repaired at the same time. For another example, an external computer control can be added to the charging and discharging machine to enrich the practical design of the present invention. These specific design variations are easily understood by technicians in this field.

[0057] The deep discharge and charging process of battery repair settings are a matter of opinion. The present invention, combined with the well-known repair charging technology, can achieve better repair effects and improve the repair rate. For example, the specific design can combine multi-stage deep discharge and alternating charging with large and small constant currents, set static and / or insertion discharge in the final constant current charging stage, and intelligently terminate the charging program. The parallel implementation of multiple technologies is conducive to battery repair and makes it more practical.

[0058] The following embodiments are only recommendations, and some solutions may be partially selected or combined with other mature technologies.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] Design a charging and discharging machine specially used for 6DZM20 battery repair.

[0061] 6DZM20 is a mainstream battery for electric bicycles, designed for a 2-hour discharge rate, and has a large market share. The treatment object of this embodiment and the following examples is a battery to which a repair fluid has been added.

[0062] This embodiment includes a discharge module 1, a charging module 2, a control module 3, a data table 4, a power terminal 6, a data terminal 7 and a stand 5; the discharge module, the charging module and the control module are fixed in the stand; the data table, the power terminal and the data terminal are fixed on the operation panel of the stand; the input end of the discharge module and the output end of the charging module are electrically connected to the power terminal 6; the functions of the control module include voltage monitoring, charging, discharging and timing, the control end of which is connected to the discharge module and the charging module, the signal input end of which is connected to the data terminal 7, and the signal output end of which is connected to the data table 4; the control logic of the control module 3 for the discharge module 1 and the charging module 2 is "or", and the discharge module and the charging module with the attached control circuit are selected, and the set discharge and charging procedures can be realized through the instructions of the control module.

[0063] The functional modules and charge and discharge logic structure of this embodiment are shown in the following figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0064] In this embodiment, when the capacity of the external battery is repaired, the power terminal 6 is connected to the two poles of the battery to be repaired through the power line and the data terminal 7 is connected to the two poles of the battery to be repaired through the data line. The control module 3 obtains the real-time voltage signal of the battery through the data terminal 7; the control module sets the control program for starting the repair charging as follows:

[0065] 1) After the control module 3 obtains the voltage signal of the external battery through the data terminal 7, the control instruction for the charging module 2 is 0 (not started), and the control instruction for the discharge module 1 is 1 (started), and the discharge module is controlled to discharge the 6DZM20 battery with a constant current of 10A, and the cut-off discharge voltage is 10.50V;

[0066] 2) The control module sets the control instruction of the discharge module 1 and the charging module 2 to 0 and leaves the module to stand for 1 minute;

[0067] 3) The control module records the real-time voltage after standing for 1 minute, and selects the starting charging current value based on the real-time voltage:

[0068] The real-time voltage value is less than 12.0V, and the starting charging current value is 3.50A;

[0069] The real-time voltage value is ≥12.60V, and the starting charging current value is 1.50A;

[0070] The real-time voltage value is in the range of 12.0V-12.59V, and the starting charging current value is 2.50A.

[0071] 4) The control module continues to control the discharge module to discharge to 9.0V at a constant current of 10A and to discharge to 4.0V at a constant current of 5A;

[0072] 5) The control module sets the control instructions of the discharge module 1 and the charging module 2 to 0 and leaves the module to stand for 15 minutes;

[0073] 6) The control module sets a control instruction of 1 (start) to the charging module 2 and a control instruction of 0 (not start) to the discharging module 1, and charges 18Ah of electricity with the constant starting current value automatically selected in step 3);

[0074] 7) Let stand for 10 minutes;

[0075] 8) charging 8Ah at a constant current of 65% of the starting current value automatically selected in step 3);

[0076] 9) Let stand for 10 minutes;

[0077] 10) Charge at a constant current of 0.9A for 15 hours and then automatically terminate charging.

[0078] In this embodiment, steps 1) to 3) are to automatically set the starting current intensity of battery repair to adapt to different charging states of the battery to be repaired, without requiring the operator to have sufficient experience; step 4) deep discharge is a set of conventional experience, which is conducive to activating the activity of the plate; steps 6), 8), and 10) are all designed to be constant current charging with a fixed amount of electricity, with a total charging amount of 39.5Ah (1.975C / Ah), to ensure the repair charging amount, which is universally suitable for the needs of battery repair charging under normal temperature environment; setting the staged static state is to more effectively adapt to the next operation step.

[0079] This embodiment automatically sets the appropriate starting current intensity, so that the battery can be effectively charged and heat generation can be reduced. It is suitable for capacity repair of 6DZM20 batteries. As long as additives that are effective in softening the positive electrode active material and vulcanizing the negative electrode active material are selected, a more ideal capacity repair effect can be obtained.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Based on the design of Example 1, after the subsequent charging procedure in step 10) is completed, the battery is set to stand for 30 minutes, and then continues to discharge to 10.50V at a constant current intensity of 10A, and the time value and capacity value data of discharging at a constant current of 10A to 10.50V are displayed in Data Table 4.

[0082] A further design improvement of this embodiment can display the current value, voltage value, time value, and capacity value data of the 10A constant current discharge process in real time in the data table.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] The repair object of Example 1 is a single battery. Although steps 1) to 3) can determine the optimal starting charging current intensity of a single battery, if the voltage is simply adjusted and extended to multiple series-connected battery packs, it cannot be guaranteed that the discharge depth of each battery in the series-connected battery pack is the same, and the repair state after step 4) is not ideal.

[0085] The hardware structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, but the software program is only designed for step 1) to step 3). After step 3), the real-time voltage value recorded by the control module of embodiment 1 at the time of standing for 1 minute is displayed in data table 4. This embodiment can sort out batteries with similar status through data table 4, so that batteries with similar status can be connected in series into groups and charged separately, which can greatly improve the charging efficiency of battery repair.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] Embodiment 3 is further improved in design, whereby data table 4 does not display the real-time voltage value (no-load electromotive force data), but displays Arabic numerals, and the output signal of control module 3 is set as follows: when the real-time electromotive force is less than 12.0V, control module 3 controls data table 4 to display 1; when the real-time electromotive force is ≥12.60V, the control data table displays 3; when the real-time electromotive force is less than 12.60V but ≥12.0V, the control data table displays 2.

[0088] The advantage of this embodiment is that the data table 4 is used to directly display the status classification, making the operation more convenient.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] On the basis of Example 1 or Example 3, a manual three-speed selection switch installed on the panel is added. The selection switch is connected to the control module inside the charger and discharger. The three gears correspond to different curing programs:

[0091] Position 1, corresponding to 6DZM12 battery, the constant current value of the control module curing step 1) is 6A;

[0092] Position 2, corresponding to 6DZM20 battery, the constant current value of the control module curing step 1) is 10A;

[0093] Position 3, corresponding to 6DZM32 battery, the constant current value of the control module curing step 1) is 16A.

[0094] The rest of the design is the same as that of Example 1 or Example 3.

[0095] The advantage of this embodiment is that the same charging and discharging machine can be used to select different gears of the switch to achieve the desired sorting of the three types of batteries, 6DZM12, 6DZM20, and 6DZM32, so that one machine can be used for multiple purposes.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] Based on Example 1, the charging procedure from step 6) to step 10) is modified and designed as follows:

[0098] 6) charging at a constant voltage of 14.4 V with the starting charging current value automatically selected in step 3) as the limited current value, and charging until the current automatically drops to 70% of the starting charging current value;

[0099] 7) charging at a constant voltage of 15.6V, with 70% of the starting current value automatically selected in step 3) as the limited current value, until the current automatically drops to 40% of the starting current value;

[0100] 8) Let stand for 10 minutes;

[0101] 9) The constant current value is 0.9A, and the preset charging time is 16 hours. The control module 3 monitors and records the battery voltage value once every hour and compares it with the voltage value of the previous hour. When the voltage rises less than 0.02V for 3 consecutive comparisons or the voltage drops more than 0.02V for 2 consecutive comparisons, charging is automatically terminated.

[0102] This embodiment selects a two-stage constant voltage and current limiting charging method, and utilizes the constant voltage and current limiting charging state to make the charged battery adapt to the charging amount; step 9) selects constant current charging at the end of charging to make the battery accept the full charge amount. Since the current intensity is small at the end, the heat generated by the battery during charging can be effectively reduced.

[0103] In this embodiment, the process data of discharge and charge from step 1) to step 9) can be simultaneously displayed in data table 4, including real-time current value, voltage value, time value, and capacity value.

[0104] Example 7

[0105] Based on the design concept and method of Example 1, a fully automatic charging and discharging machine for repairing the capacity of a battery pack is designed for a 48V500Ah battery pack commonly used in DC backup power supplies.

[0106] The battery pack of the DC backup power supply is usually installed in the air-conditioned room. The main reason for the capacity reduction during long-term floating charge is the softening of the positive electrode active material. The crystallization and saltization of the negative electrode active material lead sulfate rarely occurs. In addition, the ohmic resistance tolerance of individual batteries in the battery pack is generally small, and the individual differences of the whole group of deep discharge are not large.

[0107] The hardware design of this embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment. In addition to increasing the withstand voltage, power and current carrying requirements of the discharge module 1 and the charging module 2, the control program of the control module 3 is changed to:

[0108] 1) Control the discharge module to discharge the 48V500Ah battery pack at a constant current of 50A, with a cut-off voltage of 43.20V;

[0109] 2) Let stand for 5 minutes;

[0110] 3) Record the real-time voltage after 5 minutes of standing, and automatically set the starting current value according to the real-time voltage:

[0111] The real-time voltage value is less than 48.0V, and the starting charging current value is selected as 50.0A;

[0112] The real-time voltage value is ≥50.40V, and the starting charging current value is 30.0A;

[0113] The real-time voltage value is in the range of 48.0V-50.39V, and the starting charging current value is 40.0A.

[0114] 4) Control the discharge module to continue discharging at a constant current of 50A to 24.0V and at a constant current of 25A to 24.0V;

[0115] 5) Let stand for 20 minutes;

[0116] 6) Limit the starting current value automatically selected in step 3) and charge at a constant voltage of 57.60V. When the current value drops to 25.0A, go to step 7);

[0117] 7) Let stand for 10 minutes;

[0118] 8) Charge at a constant current of 25.0A for 10 hours;

[0119] 9) Discharge at a constant current of 25.0A for 20 minutes;

[0120] 10) Charge for 16 hours at a constant voltage of 62.40V and a limited current of 25.0A, or automatically terminate charging when the charging current naturally drops to 6.0A.

[0121] Steps 1) to 4) of this embodiment are a set of conventional experiences; Step 6) the constant voltage and current limiting charging mode allows the battery pack to automatically receive the basic power; Step 8) constant current charging of 250Ah (0.5C / Ah) can ensure the repair charge amount; Step 9) setting shallow discharge can effectively eliminate the electrolyte concentration polarization inside the battery in step 8) constant current charging; Step 10) under constant voltage conditions can ensure that the battery pack is fully charged with sufficient power and has low heat generation.

[0122] The capacity of the universal floating charge standby battery pack in this embodiment is repaired, and the repair effect is ideal.

[0123] Example 8

[0124] The design of step 10) of embodiment 7 can also change the constant voltage and current limiting charging method to a constant current value and an automatic termination charging method of monitoring voltage changes. In this embodiment, step 10) of embodiment 7 is changed to a preset constant current of 20.0A for charging for 20 hours. The control module 3 monitors and records the voltage value of the battery pack once every hour and compares it with the voltage value of the previous hour. When the voltage of the battery pack rises less than 0.05V for three consecutive comparisons or the voltage drops more than 0.05V for two consecutive comparisons, charging is automatically terminated.

[0125] The advantage of this embodiment is that the final constant current charging is automatically terminated according to the set conditions, and it has more universal intelligent repair charging needs for battery repair under different ambient temperatures.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are not intended to limit it. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present application does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A charging and discharging machine for battery repair, characterized in that: include: A discharge module (1), a charging module (2) and a control module (3); the control module (3) is used for voltage monitoring, timing, and charging and discharging control, and its control end is connected to the discharge module (1) and the charging module (2), and its signal input end is electrically connected to the power input end of the discharge module (1) and the power output end of the charging module (2) and the two terminals of an external battery; the control module (3) solidifies the discharge program and the repair charging program according to the number of cells and the nominal capacity of the battery, controls the battery to pause for a certain time when the discharge reaches the cut-off voltage value of the technical standard, and records the real-time electromotive force data of the battery as a logic control signal for the starting current intensity of the repair charging.

2. The charging and discharging machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device comprises a data table (4), a power terminal (6) and a frame (5); the data table (4) and the power terminal (6) are fixed on a panel of the frame (5); the charging module (2) and the control module (3) are fixed in the frame (5); the power input end of the discharge module (1) and the power output end of the charging module (2) are electrically connected to the power terminal (6); the signal output end of the control module (3) is connected to the data table (4), and the signal input end thereof is connected to the power terminal (6).

3. The charging and discharging machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a data terminal (7); the data terminal (7) is fixed to the panel portion of the seat frame (5), and is connected to the signal input end of the control module (3) inside the seat frame (5).

4. The charging and discharging machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a selection switch, which is arranged on a panel of the seat frame (5) and is connected to a control input end of the control module (3) inside the seat frame (5), and the gear position corresponds to a discharge program and a repair charging program solidified by the control module (3).

5. A method for controlling charging and discharging of a charging and discharging machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising: Discharge first and then charge; the discharge is carried out at a current intensity of 0.05-0.5C / A of the nominal capacity value of the battery to a cut-off voltage value corresponding to the technical standard, and then paused for 10 seconds to 30 minutes, and the control module (3) records the real-time electromotive force data selected during the static time period, and uses the real-time electromotive force data as a logic control signal for the starting current intensity of the repair charge.

6. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data of the discharge and charge records are displayed on a data table (4), including: real-time electromotive force data selected during the static time period, and real-time current value, voltage value, time value, and capacity value of the repair charging process.

7. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnitude of the charging current intensity is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the real-time electromotive force data.

8. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inverse relationship between the real-time electromotive force data and the charging current intensity is: Real-time electromotive force <2.0V / cell, starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.10-0.25C / A; Real-time electromotive force ≥ 2.1V / cell, starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.03-0.08C / A; 2.0V / cell≤real-time electromotive force<2.1V / cell, the starting charging current intensity is selected between 0.06-0.15C / A.

9. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The repair charging is a constant current mode or a constant current and constant voltage current limiting alternating mode, and the total charging capacity is ≥1.30C / Ah.

10. The charge and discharge control method according to claim 5 or 9, characterized in that: Before the repair charging, the control module (3) further controls the discharge module (1) to perform deep discharge on the battery first, discharging the real-time voltage of the battery to ≤1.0V / cell; the current intensity of the deep discharge is 0.03-0.5C / A.

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