A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, comprising a bistable energy trapping device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and a power management module, wherein the bistable energy trapping device is provided with a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, and through nonlinear interaction between magnets, efficient capture of mechanical energy under low-frequency waves is realized; the motion conversion device (2) is designed through a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing, so that one-way rotation of an output shaft is ensured; the electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of a magnet flywheel and a coil, the magnetic flux of the coil changes, so that a voltage is generated, mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy trapping device (1) is converted into electric energy, and simultaneously, the power management module is responsible for rectification, storage and distribution of the electric energy, so that stable power supply can be obtained under any condition. The system has wide application prospects and important economic value in the fields of marine ecosystem monitoring, climate change research and marine pollution monitoring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ocean wave energy generation, and particularly relates to a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism. BACKGROUND

[0002] The ocean plays a fundamental role in global climate regulation and carbon cycle processes, and is rich in resources. Countries are increasingly attaching importance to the detection of marine environment and hydrological state, however, the limited battery capacity of the buoy results in a short continuous working time. With the increasing pursuit of clean energy and sustainable development worldwide, wave energy, as a widely distributed and abundant renewable energy, has attracted widespread attention in its development and utilization. However, the existing wave energy generation devices generally have low energy capture efficiency, poor adaptability, high maintenance cost and other problems, especially in low-frequency wave conditions, the energy conversion efficiency is greatly discounted. In addition, the marine environment monitoring equipment often relies on external power supply or solar power supply, and has defects such as unstable power supply, inability to work normally at night or in bad weather. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present application aims to provide a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism.

[0004] The present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, comprising a bistable energy trapping device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and a power management module, the bistable energy trapping device (1), the motion conversion device (2) and the electromagnetic power generation device (3) are connected in sequence from bottom to top into a cylinder, and the power management module is connected with the electromagnetic power generation device (3); the bistable energy trapping device is provided with a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, and through the nonlinear interaction between the magnets, high-efficiency capture of mechanical energy under low-frequency waves is realized; the motion conversion device (2) ensures the one-way rotation of the output shaft through the design of the gear transmission system and the one-way bearing; the electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of the magnet flywheel and the coil, the magnetic flux of the coil changes, thereby generating voltage, and the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy trapping device (1) is converted into electrical energy, at the same time, the power management module is responsible for the rectification, storage and distribution of electrical energy, and ensures that stable power supply can be obtained under any conditions.

[0006] Further, the bistable energy trapping device 1 comprises a housing (11), guide rods (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16), the guide rods (12), the ball screw (13), the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), the vertical spring (15) and the thrust bearing (16) are arranged in the housing (11), the ball screw (13) is vertically arranged at the central axis position of the housing (11), the upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are respectively arranged in the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) of the housing (11) through the thrust bearing (16), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward and protrudes out of the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2), the two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the ball screw (13), the upper and lower ends of the guide rod (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17), the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14) comprises an energy trapping module (141) and a leaf spring module (142), the center of the energy trapping module (141) is arranged on the ball screw (13), the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle part of the housing (11), the energy trapping module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142), the two guide rods (12) respectively penetrate the two sides of the energy trapping module (141), the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12), the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected with the energy trapping module (141), and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected with the lower end cover (17), so that energy is nonlinearly trapped. The arrangement of the vertical spring (15) connects the upper end with the energy trapping module, and the lower end is connected to the lower end cover, which helps to absorb and store the vibration and impact generated in the energy trapping process.

[0007] Further, the energy capture module (141) comprises a mass block (1411) and inner ring magnets (1412), a plurality of the inner ring magnets (1412) are uniformly fixed on the outer circumferential surface of the mass block, the leaf spring module (142) comprises a plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), a plurality of the leaf spring magnet connectors (1421) correspond to a plurality of the inner ring magnets (1412) one by one, the leaf spring magnet connector (1421) comprises a leaf spring connecting base (14211), leaf springs (14212), and outer ring magnets (14213), two leaf springs (14212) are respectively arranged at two ends of the leaf spring connecting base (14211), the outer ring magnets (14213) are arranged at the middle parts of the two leaf springs (14212), the two leaf springs (14212) are connected through a connector, the leaf spring connecting base (14211) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle part of the shell (11), the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) constitute a pair of magnetic springs, the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of the distance, a plurality of pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness, and the leaf springs (14212) are used for realizing dynamic constraint.

[0008] Further, the motion conversion device (2) comprises a connecting cylinder (20), which is divided into three layers, the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203) and a third bevel gear (204), the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207) and a fourth spur gear (208), the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211) and a second one-way bearing (212), a first shaft (217) is arranged in the connecting cylinder (20), the first shaft (217) penetrates the three layers, the lower side of the first shaft (217) is located in the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the lower side of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the first spur gear (205), the upper end of the ball screw (13) is located at the central position of the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) is fixedly provided with the second spur gear (206), the first spur gear (205) is engaged with the second spur gear (206), the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13) is further provided with a third shaft (219), the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third spur gear (207) at the top end, the third spur gear (207) is engaged with the second spur gear (206), the top end of the third shaft (219) enters the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the top end of the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third bevel gear (204) engaged with the second bevel gear (203), the second bevel gear (203) is fixed on the support column (201) through a bearing (230), the other side of the second bevel gear (203) is engaged with the first bevel gear (202), the first bevel gear (202) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of a fourth shaft (220), the fourth shaft (220) is arranged in the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the middle part of the fourth shaft (220) is fixedly provided with the sixth spur gear (210) through the second one-way bearing (212), the sixth spur gear (210) is engaged with the fifth spur gear (209), the fifth spur gear (209) is arranged on a second shaft (218), the lower end of the second shaft (218) is arranged at the central position of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the upper end of the second shaft (218) penetrates the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3), the upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211), the other side of the fifth spur gear (209) is engaged with the fourth spur gear (208).The mounting directions of the first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) are opposite, so that the second shaft (218) is an output shaft of the motion conversion device (2) and continuously outputs one-way rotation.

[0009] Further, the electromagnetic power generation device (3) comprises a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33) and a magnetic induction coil (34), the magnet flywheel (32) is arranged in the coil flywheel (31), a plurality of magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32) and are uniformly arranged in the rule that adjacent magnetic poles are opposite in polarity; a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31), the plurality of protrusions correspond to the plurality of magnetic blocks (33) one by one and have intervals, and the magnetic induction coil (34) is wired in series and is alternately wound at the protrusions and recesses of the coil flywheel (31); this arrangement mode makes the magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) consistent in the rotation process, so that high voltage is generated, and the upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected with the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

[0010] Further, the materials of the coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) are soft iron.

[0011] Further, the power management module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor, the electric energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use of the sensor, the rectifier circuit converts alternating current into direct current by using the one-way conductivity of the diode, the capacitor is charged when the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, and the capacitor is discharged when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, so that the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:

[0013] 1. The bistable energy trapping device designed in the application has a "magnetic spring-leaf spring" type bistable structure, each pair of magnetic springs is used for providing nonlinear stiffness, a plurality of leaf springs are connected with a plurality of outer ring magnets, and are used for automatically adjusting the horizontal distance of each pair of magnetic springs, so that the potential barrier height is self-adaptive, unlike the traditional bistable state, the structure can also realize large oscillation between traps when the sea wave excitation force is small, so that the energy capture efficiency is higher; the non-contact form of interaction between two magnets is adopted, so that additional friction can be avoided, energy loss is reduced, and problems such as instability or wear failure do not occur, and the service life of the device is improved.

[0014] 2. The motion conversion device designed by the application continuously provides unidirectional output motion, two one-way bearings are used, whether the mass moves upward or downward, after the motion is transmitted through the mechanism, the movement of the output shaft is always rotated in the same direction, that is, unidirectional output. The entire motion conversion mechanism transmits motion by pure gear structure, which improves the energy transmission efficiency and the reliability of the device.

[0015] 3. The application designs an electromagnetic power generation device, adopts series coil wiring and opposite polarity adjacent magnet arrangement, so that the change of magnetic flux of each coil remains consistent during rotation, thereby generating higher voltage; and the mechanism does not need a brush, further improving the reliability and energy transmission efficiency of the device.

[0016] 4. The application integrates the bistable energy trapping device, the motion conversion device and the electromagnetic power generation device in a cylindrical device, which is compact, high in integration and small in size, and is conducive to installation and transportation; the device is good in adaptability and can be adapted to most buoys, and can efficiently power various ocean monitoring equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism of the application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the bistable energy trapping device of the application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a device diagram of the energy capture module of the application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a device diagram of the leaf spring magnet connecting piece of the application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism of the application;

[0022] Figure 6 is a sectional view of the motion conversion mechanism of the application;

[0023] Figure 7 is a device diagram of the electromagnetic power generation device of the application;

[0024] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit of the application.

[0025] Figures: bistable energy capture device (1), housing (11), guide rod (12), ball screw (13), magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), energy capture module (141), mass (1411), inner ring magnet (1412), leaf spring module (142), leaf spring magnet connector (1421), leaf spring connector base (14211), leaf spring (14212), outer ring magnet (14213), vertical spring (15), thrust bearing (16), lower end cover (17), upper end cover (18), motion conversion device (2), connecting cylinder (20), support column (201), first bevel gear (202), second bevel gear (203), third bevel gear (204), first spur gear (205), second spur gear (206), third spur gear (207), fourth spur gear (208), fifth spur gear (209), sixth spur gear (210), first one-way bearing (211), second one-way bearing (212), connecting cylinder upper layer housing (213), connecting cylinder lower layer housing (214), connecting cylinder upper end cover (215), connecting cylinder lower end cover (216), first shaft (217), second shaft (218), third shaft (219), fourth shaft (220), fifth shaft (221), first thrust bearing (222), second thrust bearing (223), third thrust bearing (224), fourth thrust bearing (225), fifth thrust bearing (226), sixth thrust bearing (227), seventh thrust bearing (228), eighth thrust bearing (229), bearing (230), electromagnetic power generation device (3), coil flywheel (31), magnet flywheel (32), magnetic block (33), magnetic induction coil (34). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, only for explaining the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0027] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, assembling, fitting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and the skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] The present application is further described below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] As Figures 1-8The utility model provides a kind of wave energy acquisition device based on magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, including bistable energy trapping device (1), motion conversion device (2), electromagnetic power generation device (3) and power management module, the bistable energy trapping device (1), motion conversion device (2) and electromagnetic power generation device (3) are sequentially connected into a cylinder from bottom to top, the power management module is connected with the electromagnetic power generation device (3);The bistable energy trapping device is equipped with magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, realizes high efficient capture mechanical energy under low frequency wave through the nonlinear interaction between magnet;The motion conversion device (2) is designed through gear transmission system and one-way bearing, ensure that output shaft rotates in one direction;The electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of magnet flywheel and coil, and coil magnetic flux changes, to generate voltage, convert the mechanical energy captured by bistable energy trapping device (1) into electrical energy, simultaneously, power management module is responsible for rectification, storage and distribution of electrical energy, ensure that stable power supply can be obtained under any condition.

[0030] Further, the bistable energy trapping device 1 includes a shell (11), a guide rod (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16), the shell (11) is provided with the guide rod (12), ball screw (13), magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14), vertical spring (15) and thrust bearing (16), the ball screw (13) is vertically arranged at the central axis position of the shell (11), the upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are arranged on the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) of the shell (11) through the thrust bearing (16) respectively, and the upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward and protrudes from the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2), the two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the ball screw (13), the upper and lower ends of the guide rod (12) are fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) respectively, the magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14) includes an energy capturing module (141) and a leaf spring module (142), the center of the energy capturing module (141) is arranged on the ball screw (13), the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle part of the shell (11), the energy capturing module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142), the two guide rods (12) penetrate through the two sides of the energy capturing module (141) respectively, the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12), the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected with the energy capturing module (141), and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected with the lower end cover (17), to realize nonlinear energy capture.

[0031] The arrangement of the vertical spring (15) connects the upper end with the energy capture module and the lower end with the lower end cover, which helps to absorb and store the vibration and impact generated during the energy capture process.

[0032] The thrust bearing (16) is precisely installed on the end cover to support and fix the upper and lower ends of the ball screw, ensuring the stability of the ball screw during rotation.

[0033] The core components of the energy capture module include a mass block and multiple inner ring magnets fixed thereon, which work together to achieve nonlinear energy capture. Multiple outer ring magnets are also fixed on the shell and interact with the inner ring magnets to further enhance the efficiency of energy capture through magnetic force. Under the restriction of the guide rod and the vertical spring, the vertical movement of the mass block is converted into vertical vibration. The ball screw mechanism converts the vertical vibration of the mass block into rotation.

[0034] Further, the energy capture module (141) includes a mass block (1411) and inner ring magnets (1412), multiple inner ring magnets (1412) are uniformly fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the mass block, the leaf spring module (142) includes multiple leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), multiple leaf spring magnet connectors (1421) correspond one-to-one to multiple inner ring magnets (1412), the leaf spring magnet connector (1421) includes a leaf spring connection base (14211), two leaf springs (14212) are respectively arranged at both ends of the leaf spring connection base (14211), an outer ring magnet (14213) is arranged in the middle of the two leaf springs (14212), the two leaf springs (14212) are connected by a connector, the leaf spring connection base (14211) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle of the shell (11), the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) constitute a pair of magnetic springs, the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of the distance, multiple pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness, and the leaf spring (14212) is used to realize dynamic constraint.

[0035] Further, the motion conversion device (2) comprises a connecting cylinder (20), which is divided into three layers, the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203) and a third bevel gear (204), the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207) and a fourth spur gear (208), the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211) and a second one-way bearing (212), a first shaft (217) is arranged in the connecting cylinder (20), the first shaft (217) penetrates the three layers, the lower side of the first shaft (217) is located in the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the lower side of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the first spur gear (205), the upper end of the ball screw (13) is located at the central position of the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) is fixedly provided with the second spur gear (206), the first spur gear (205) is engaged with the second spur gear (206), the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13) is further provided with a third shaft (219), the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third spur gear (207) at the top end, the third spur gear (207) is engaged with the second spur gear (206), the top end of the third shaft (219) enters the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the top end of the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third bevel gear (204) engaged with the second bevel gear (203), the second bevel gear (203) is fixed on the support column (201) through a bearing (230), the other side of the second bevel gear (203) is engaged with the first bevel gear (202), the first bevel gear (202) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of a fourth shaft (220), the fourth shaft (220) is arranged in the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the middle part of the fourth shaft (220) is fixedly provided with the sixth spur gear (210) through the second one-way bearing (212), the sixth spur gear (210) is engaged with the fifth spur gear (209), the fifth spur gear (209) is arranged on a second shaft (218), the lower end of the second shaft (218) is arranged at the central position of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the upper end of the second shaft (218) penetrates the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3), the upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211), the other side of the fifth spur gear (209) is engaged with the fourth spur gear (208).The mounting direction of the first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) is opposite, so that the second shaft (218) is the output shaft of the motion conversion device (2), and continuous one-way rotation is output.

[0036] Further, the electromagnetic power generation device (3) comprises a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33) and a magnetic induction coil (34), the magnet flywheel (32) is arranged in the coil flywheel (31), a plurality of magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32), and the magnetic blocks (33) are uniformly arranged in the mode that adjacent magnetic poles are opposite in polarity; a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31), the plurality of protrusions correspond to the plurality of magnetic blocks (33) one by one and have intervals, and the magnetic induction coil (34) is wired in series and alternately wound at the protrusions and recesses of the coil flywheel (31); this arrangement mode makes the change of magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) consistent during rotation, so that high voltage is generated, and the upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected with the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

[0037] Further, the material of the coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) is soft iron.

[0038] Further, the power management module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor, the electric energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use of the sensor, the rectifier circuit converts alternating current into direct current by using the one-way conductivity of the diode, when the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so that the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0039] The motion process of the application is as follows:

[0040] After the buoy is excited by wave energy, the buoy will produce movement in the vertical direction, and since the device shell is fixed on the buoy, the mass block will be subjected to a displacement excitation effect, and the mass block is a one-degree-of-freedom motion unit, which produces vertical vibration under the restriction of the guide rod and the spring. The ball screw mechanism converts the vertical vibration of the mass block into rotation.

[0041] When the mass (141) moves upward, the screw part of the ball screw (13) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; through the transmission of the second spur gear (206) and the third spur gear (207), the third shaft (219) rotates clockwise; through the transmission of the third bevel gear (204), the second bevel gear (203) and the first bevel gear (202), the fourth shaft (220) rotates counterclockwise; at this time, the inner ring and the outer ring of the left end first one-way bearing (211) can rotate relatively, the shaft and the gear on the left side do not participate in the transmission, the right end second one-way bearing (212) is locked, and the sixth spur gear (210) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; finally, through the transmission of the sixth spur gear (210) and the fifth spur gear (209), the second shaft (218) rotates clockwise. When the mass (141) moves downward, the screw part of the ball screw (13) is driven to rotate clockwise; through the transmission of the second spur gear (206) and the first spur gear (205), the first shaft (217) rotates counterclockwise; at this time, the inner ring and the outer ring of the right end second one-way bearing (212) can rotate relatively, the shaft and the gear on the right side do not participate in the transmission, the left end first one-way bearing (211) is locked, and the fourth spur gear (208) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; finally, through the transmission of the fourth spur gear (208) and the fifth spur gear (209), the second shaft (218) rotates clockwise. The rotation direction of the middle second shaft (218) is unified as clockwise.

[0042] When the mass moves upward, the ball screw is driven to rotate counterclockwise, so that the right end gear rotates clockwise, and the rotation direction of the right end is changed to counterclockwise through the transmission of the helical gear system; at this time, the right end one-way bearing is locked, the left end one-way bearing can rotate freely, the middle shaft is driven by the right end gear and is not affected by the left end gear, and the rotation direction of the middle shaft is clockwise.

[0043] When the mass moves downward, the ball screw is driven to rotate clockwise, so that the left end gear rotates counterclockwise. At this time, the left end one-way bearing is locked, the right end one-way bearing can rotate freely, the middle shaft is driven by the left end gear and is not affected by the right end gear, and the rotation direction of the middle shaft is unified as clockwise, so that the one-way output is achieved.

[0044] The power generation process of the application is as follows:

[0045] The coil flywheel is fixed as a stator, while the magnet flywheel acts as a rotor, which rotates unidirectionally with the motion conversion device. When the magnet and the coil rotate relative to each other, the magnetic flux of the coil changes, thereby generating a voltage. Since the frequency and amplitude of the waves are random, the current generated by the wave energy converter is unstable, and thus a rectifier circuit or a filter circuit is needed to convert the unbalanced current into a stable current for the sensor. The circuit module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor, and a sensor, which stores the electrical energy generated by the coil in the capacitor for use by the sensor in the buoy. The rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the charging capacitor is a large-capacity capacitor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of diodes to convert alternating current into direct current. When the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0046] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present application, rather than limit the present application, and any modifications and changes made to the present application within the protection scope of the present application and claims fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism, characterized in that, The device includes a bistable energy harvesting device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3), and a power management module. The bistable energy harvesting device (1), the motion conversion device (2), and the electromagnetic power generation device (3) are connected sequentially from bottom to top to form a cylinder. The power management module is connected to the electromagnetic power generation device (3). The bistable energy harvesting device is equipped with a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, which realizes efficient capture of mechanical energy under low-frequency waves through the nonlinear interaction between magnets. The motion conversion device (2) ensures unidirectional rotation of the output shaft through the design of a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing. The electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation of the magnet flywheel and the coil. Based on the principle of rotation, the magnetic flux of the coil changes, thereby generating voltage, converting the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy harvesting device (1) into electrical energy. At the same time, the power management module is responsible for the rectification, storage and distribution of electrical energy, ensuring a stable power supply under any conditions. The bistable energy harvesting device (1) includes a housing (11), a guide rod (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16). The guide rod (12), ball screw (13), magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14), vertical spring (15) and thrust bearing (16) are arranged inside the housing (11). The lever (13) is vertically positioned at the central axis of the outer casing (11). The upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are respectively mounted on the upper end cover (18) and lower end cover (17) of the outer casing (11) via the thrust bearing (16). The upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward beyond the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2). Two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ball screw (13). The upper and lower ends of the guide rods (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and lower end cover (17). The magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14) includes an energy harvesting module (141) and a leaf spring module (141). 142), the center of the energy capture module (141) is set on the ball screw (13), the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle part of the outer shell (11), the energy capture module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142), the two guide rods (12) pass through the two sides of the energy capture module (141) respectively, the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12), the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the energy capture module (141), and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the lower end cover (17) to realize nonlinear energy capture;The energy harvesting module (141) includes a mass block (1411) and inner ring magnets (1412). Multiple inner ring magnets (1412) are uniformly fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the mass block. The leaf spring module (142) includes multiple leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), each corresponding to one of the inner ring magnets (1412). Each leaf spring magnet connector (1421) includes a leaf spring connecting base (14211), a leaf spring (14212), and an outer ring magnet (14213). Two leaf springs (14212) are respectively disposed on the leaf spring connecting base (14211). At both ends of 11), the outer ring magnet (14213) is disposed in the middle of the two leaf springs (14212), and the two leaf springs (14212) are connected by a connector. The leaf spring connecting base (14211) is fixed on the inner wall of the middle part of the outer shell (11). The inner ring magnet (1412) and its corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) form a pair of magnetic springs. The magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and its corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of spacing. Multiple pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness. The leaf spring (14212) is used to realize dynamic constraint.

2. The wave energy acquisition device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motion conversion device (2) includes a connecting cylinder (20), which is divided into three layers: upper, middle, and lower. The middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203), and a third bevel gear (204). The lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207), and a fourth spur gear (208). The upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211), and a second one-way bearing (212). A first shaft (2...) is provided inside the connecting cylinder (20). 17), the first shaft (217) runs through the upper, middle and lower layers. The lower side of the first shaft (217) is located in the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the first spur gear (205) is fixed on the lower side of the first shaft (217). The upper end of the ball screw (13) is located in the center of the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20), and the second spur gear (206) is fixed on the upper end of the ball screw (13). The first spur gear (205) meshes with the second spur gear (206). A third shaft (219) is also provided on the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13). The third spur gear (207) is fixed on the third shaft (219). The wheel (207) meshes with the second spur gear (206). The top end of the third shaft (219) enters the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20). The top end of the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third bevel gear (204), which meshes with the second bevel gear (203). The second bevel gear (203) is fixed on the support column (201) by a bearing (230). The other side of the second bevel gear (203) meshes with the first bevel gear (202). The first bevel gear (202) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the fourth shaft (220). The fourth shaft (220) is provided on the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20). The middle part of the fourth shaft (220) is connected by a... The sixth spur gear (210) is fixedly mounted on the second one-way bearing (212). The sixth spur gear (210) meshes with the fifth spur gear (209). The fifth spur gear (209) is mounted on the second shaft (218). The lower end of the second shaft (218) is located at the center of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20). The upper end of the second shaft (218) passes through the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3). The upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly mounted with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211). The other side of the fifth spur gear (209) meshes with the fourth spur gear (208).The first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) are installed in opposite directions, thus the second shaft (218) is the output shaft of the motion conversion device (2), continuously outputting unidirectional rotation.

3. The wave energy acquisition device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electromagnetic power generation device (3) includes a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33), and a magnetic induction coil (34). The magnet flywheel (32) is located inside the coil flywheel (31). Multiple magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32) in a fixed and uniform arrangement with adjacent magnets having opposite polarities. Multiple protrusions are provided on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31). Each protrusion corresponds to one of the multiple magnetic blocks (33) and has a gap. The magnetic induction coil (34) is connected in series and alternately wound around the protrusions and depressions of the coil flywheel (31). This arrangement makes the change of magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) consistent during rotation, thereby generating a high voltage. The upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected to the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

4. The wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) are made of soft iron.

5. The wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power management module consists of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor, and a sensor. The electrical energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use by the sensor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to convert AC to DC. When the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor charges; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor discharges, thus the output voltage tends to be smooth.

Images