Block chain underlying platform system supporting Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things. The blockchain underlying platform system comprises an access layer, a core module layer, a basic component layer and a storage resource layer, wherein the access layer comprises block chain middleware, and the block chain middleware is used for simplifying access of the Internet of Things equipment and quickly establishing connection between the Internet of Things equipment and a block chain; the core module layer comprises an identity authority management module, a privacy protection module, a consensus algorithm module, a chain management module, a chain configuration module, a transaction buffer module, an account book buffer module, a P2P network module and a block verification module; the basic component layer comprises a password library module, a certificate library module, an assembly container library module, a configuration library module and a message bus module, and the storage resource layer is used for storing block chain data. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things provided by the invention can effectively ensure the security and privacy of data, has good expansibility, and facilitates mass networking and data interaction of Internet of Things equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of blockchain technology, and specifically to a blockchain underlying platform system that supports the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gradually penetrated into all aspects of people's daily lives. From smart homes to smart cities, from industrial automation to medical health, IoT devices are changing the way people live and work. IoT devices are interconnected through the Internet, and data is shared and analyzed, enabling various physical world objects to be managed and optimized intelligently and automatically. The Internet of Things is not just a technological revolution, it has also promoted profound changes in all walks of life, greatly improving production efficiency, resource utilization and convenience of life. Whether in homes, businesses, or public facilities, IoT devices have become an indispensable part of modern society.

[0003] Traditional IoT technology is a process of effectively monitoring, maintaining and optimizing various devices in the IoT to ensure their normal operation and improve overall efficiency; using encryption technology to encrypt and verify the integrity of transmitted data to ensure that data is not stolen, tampered with or hijacked during transmission; using pre-shared keys or dynamically generated keys to verify the identity of the device.

[0004] However, the use of encryption technology to encrypt and verify the integrity of transmitted data requires a variety of complex encryption interaction authentication, resulting in poor data tamper-proof capabilities. In addition, the variety of technical solutions requires different technical solutions to be adapted in order to access IoT devices in different scenarios, affecting the networking and data interaction of a large number of IoT devices. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the present application provides a blockchain underlying platform system that supports the Internet of Things to solve the problems of poor security of Internet of Things devices and impact on networking in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things, including an access layer, a core module layer, a basic component layer and a storage resource layer;

[0008] The access layer includes blockchain middleware, which is used to simplify the access of IoT devices and quickly establish a connection between IoT devices and blockchain;

[0009] The core module layer includes an identity authority management module, a privacy protection module, a consensus algorithm module, a chain management module, a chain configuration module, a transaction buffer module, a ledger buffer module, a P2P network module and a block verification module; wherein the identity authority management module is used to identify users based on cryptography, and manage the identity authority of connecting blockchain devices based on role authority control; the privacy protection module is used to protect data privacy and ensure the reliability of the contract execution process, and adopt trusted computing technology to execute privacy contracts in a trusted execution environment; the consensus algorithm module is used to provide a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm suitable for the Internet of Things; the chain management module is used to manage the organization, nodes and users of the blockchain; the chain configuration module is used to manage the configuration information of the blockchain; the transaction buffer module is used to buffer blockchain transactions; the ledger buffer module is used to buffer blockchain ledgers; the P2P network module is used for automatic discovery, connection and address propagation of blockchain nodes; the block verification module is used to verify the block header, transaction hash and block hash of the blockchain;

[0010] The basic component layer includes a password library module, a certificate library module, an assembly container library module, a configuration library module and a message bus module, wherein the password library module is used to provide encryption algorithms; the certificate library module is used to manage and store certificates of blockchain users; the assembly container library module is used for dynamic assembly and decoupling of various components of the blockchain; the configuration library module is used to manage blockchain configuration; and the message bus module is used to provide scalability, decoupling and elasticity for the blockchain.

[0011] The storage resource layer is used for storing blockchain data.

[0012] Preferably, the access layer further comprises a software development kit, and the software development kit is used for creating, developing, testing and deploying application programs.

[0013] Preferably, the software development kit includes go-SDK, java-SDK, node-SDK and python-SDK.

[0014] Preferably, the core module layer also includes a chain monitoring module, which is used to monitor the transaction volume, total number of blocks and TPS of the blockchain.

[0015] Preferably, the core module layer also includes a contract engine module, and the contract engine module is used to run smart contracts.

[0016] Preferably, the core module layer also includes a data storage module, which is used to store the ledger data on the blockchain and provide a data query function.

[0017] Preferably, the core module layer also includes a message subscription module, which is used to subscribe to blockchain messages and obtain transaction information in real time.

[0018] Preferably, the core module layer also includes a synchronization service module, which is used for catching up and synchronizing blocks of newly added nodes and highly lagging nodes.

[0019] Preferably, the basic component layer further includes a log library module, which is used to set log libraries of different levels, filter and output logs of set levels, and output log files of different formats to a terminal or file.

[0020] Preferably, the storage resource layer includes LevelDB, BadgerDB, MySQL, TDSQL and TIKV databases.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present application provides a blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things, including an access layer, a core module layer, a basic component layer and a storage resource layer; wherein the access layer includes blockchain middleware, which is used to simplify the access of Internet of Things devices and quickly establish a connection between Internet of Things devices and blockchains; the core module layer includes an identity authority management module, a privacy protection module, a consensus algorithm module, a chain management module, a chain configuration module, a transaction buffer module, a ledger buffer module, a P2P network module and a block verification module; the basic component layer includes a password library module, a certificate library module, an assembly container library module, a configuration library module and a message bus module, and the storage resource layer is used for the storage of blockchain data. The present application provides a blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things that can effectively ensure the security and privacy of data, and has good scalability, which is convenient for a large number of Internet of Things devices to network and interact with data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more intuitively illustrate the prior art and the present application, exemplary drawings are given below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing the present application; for example, those skilled in the art are capable of easily making conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / attribution division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, dimensional ratios, etc. of certain units (components) based on the technical concepts and exemplary drawings disclosed in the present application.

[0024] Figure 1 A system architecture diagram of the underlying blockchain platform supporting the Internet of Things provided for this application;

[0025] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the interaction between the IoT terminal device and the blockchain provided for this application;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the on-chain data security and privacy protection technology provided for this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described below in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In the description of this application: unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to, and do not have special meanings in terms of technical connotations (for example, they should not be understood as emphasizing the importance or order, etc.). Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0029] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this application are usually used to indicate the general relative position relationship for the purpose of intuitive understanding by referring to the drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the position relationship in the actual product.

[0030] Blockchain technology is a decentralized distributed ledger technology that can ensure the security, transparency and immutability of data through encryption technology. The core concept of blockchain is to distribute data records on multiple nodes, each node has a complete copy of the data, and all transactions and data changes need to be verified by the majority of nodes in the network to ensure the legitimacy and consistency of the transaction.

[0031] Blockchain technology has the following characteristics:

[0032] Decentralization: It adopts a decentralized architecture, without relying on a single central server or control center, and jointly maintains the security and stability of the network through distributed nodes.

[0033] Security: Use blockchain encryption technology and distributed storage features to ensure the security and privacy of IoT data. Through smart contracts and consensus mechanisms, trusted interactions between devices and automatic execution of contract terms are achieved.

[0034] Transparency: All data is recorded on the blockchain, making it open, transparent and traceable. This helps to establish trust between devices and reduce trust costs.

[0035] Efficiency: It can support concurrent transactions of large-scale IoT devices. By optimizing the consensus algorithm and network architecture, the system throughput and response speed can be improved.

[0036] Taking into account the advantages of blockchain technology and the current status of IoT devices, this application provides a blockchain underlying platform system that supports the IoT, deeply integrates the IoT with blockchain technology, and uses the decentralized, secure, transparent and tamper-proof characteristics of blockchain to solve problems such as device management, data security, identity authentication and networking in the IoT field.

[0037] See also Figure 1 The present application provides a blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things (hereinafter referred to as the underlying platform system), which includes an access layer, a core module layer, a basic component layer and a storage resource layer.

[0038] The access layer includes blockchain middleware and blockchain SDK (Software Development Kit). Among them, blockchain middleware is used to simplify the access of IoT devices and can quickly establish a connection between IoT devices and blockchain; the software development kit includes go-SDK, java-SDK, node-SDK and python-SDK.

[0039] The core module layer includes identity authority management module, privacy protection module, consensus algorithm module, chain management module, chain configuration module, chain monitoring module, contract engine module, data storage module, transaction buffer module, ledger buffer module, P2P network module, block verification module, message subscription module and synchronization service module. The core module layer realizes fine-grained data authority control and real-time data management on the chain, and grasps the visibility of data.

[0040] Among them, the identity and authority management module is used to identify users based on cryptography and manage the identity and authority of connected blockchain devices based on role-based authority control. It should be noted that IoT devices require an efficient and secure identity management mechanism. Blockchain technology can be used to implement distributed identity management, allowing devices to authenticate and authorize without the need for a central authority. This can be achieved by using a decentralized identity management system and digital certificates on the blockchain. Blockchain can achieve distributed identity management through identity and authority management and chain management modules.

[0041] The privacy protection module is used to protect data privacy and ensure the reliability of the contract execution process, and to use trusted computing technology to execute privacy contracts in a trusted execution environment. Specifically, the blockchain provides the ability to process sensitive data in contracts, so as to protect data privacy while ensuring the reliability of the contract execution process (including contract logic and data integrity). Blockchain privacy contracts use trusted computing technology to execute privacy contracts in a trusted execution environment. Sensitive data exists in the blockchain ledger in ciphertext form, and users decrypt it in the trusted execution environment when using it, and the plaintext of sensitive data cannot be obtained outside the trusted execution environment. At the same time, the remote proof of the trusted execution environment ensures that the contract logic is not tampered with. In this way, the sensitive data is available but invisible on the blockchain, while the data processing process can still be publicly verified on the blockchain.

[0042] The privacy protection module introduces privacy protection technologies such as lightweight private addresses and ring signatures that do not require trusted settings to ensure the privacy of IoT data in the blockchain. These technologies can effectively prevent data leakage and abuse.

[0043] The consensus algorithm module is used to provide a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm suitable for the Internet of Things. Specifically, lightweight blockchain consensus algorithms suitable for the Internet of Things include the RAFT (Reliable and Available Fault Tolerant) consensus algorithm and the TBFT (Tendermint Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus algorithm. The Raft algorithm is currently the most widely used non-Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm. The Raft algorithm mainly relies on voting mechanisms and log replication mechanisms to achieve consensus between nodes. Nodes vote to elect a leader, who is responsible for processing all requests and then copying the requests to other nodes in the form of logs. TBFT is a Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm that can ensure the safe operation of the system when the number of Byzantine nodes is less than 1 / 3 of the total. Each round of consensus of TBFT can be divided into five steps:

[0044] Step 1: NewRound: The preparation stage for consensus voting, which will initialize consensus-related states;

[0045] Step 2: Proposal: In the proposal stage, the leader node will package the block and broadcast it to the follower node;

[0046] Step 3: Prevote: In the pre-voting stage, after receiving the proposal and verifying that it is legal, the follower node broadcasts its prevote vote to other nodes;

[0047] Step 4: Precommit: In the precommit stage, after a node receives >2 / 3 prevote votes for a proposal, it broadcasts its precommit vote to other nodes;

[0048] Step 5: Commit: In the commit phase, after the node receives >2 / 3 precommit votes for the proposal, it submits the blocks in the proposal to the ledger.

[0049] The consensus algorithm module provides a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm suitable for the IoT application environment, aiming to improve system throughput while avoiding excessive computing and communication overhead. The consensus algorithm module is a core component in blockchain technology, which ensures that all nodes in the distributed network have consistent recognition of transactions and block data. The consensus algorithm is a series of processes and rules generated to implement distributed consistency protocols. When nodes distributed in different regions negotiate and interact according to this set of rules, they can always reach a consistent decision on one or some issues, thereby achieving consistency among different nodes in the distributed system. In the blockchain, the consensus mechanism is used to ensure that all nodes on the network agree on the current state of the network and the authenticity of the transaction, which is crucial to maintaining the security and integrity of the blockchain. The consensus algorithm module has a high-speed consensus mechanism with instant finality, which can greatly improve network throughput and reduce transaction costs. This mechanism helps reduce the latency problem of IoT applications and improve the operating efficiency of equipment.

[0050] The chain management module is used to manage the organizations, nodes and users of the blockchain.

[0051] Chain configuration module, used to manage the configuration information of the blockchain.

[0052] The chain monitoring module is used to monitor the transaction volume, total number of blocks and TPS (Transaction PerSecond) of the blockchain.

[0053] The contract engine module is used to run smart contracts. Specifically, the contract engine module is the operating environment of smart contracts. The blockchain supports smart contracts developed in golang, tinygo, rust, c++, and solidity languages. Smart contracts are computer programs that automatically execute contract terms on the blockchain. In the field of IoT, smart contracts can be used to automate the interaction and data processing between devices. However, IoT devices usually have limited computing power and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop smart contract programming languages ​​and execution environments suitable for IoT devices to ensure the efficient operation of smart contracts on IoT devices. In the contract engine module, the dockergo programming language is used to write smart contract code. During the writing process, it is necessary to define the functions, state variables, events, etc. of the contract, and write the corresponding logic code. Connect IoT devices to the blockchain network and use smart contracts to realize data exchange and control between devices.

[0054] The data storage module is used to store the ledger data on the blockchain and provide data query functions. Specifically, the data storage module is responsible for persistently storing the ledger data such as blocks, transactions, status, historical read and write sets on the chain, and providing the query function of the above data to the outside world.

[0055] The transaction buffer module is used to buffer blockchain transactions. Specifically, in order to improve the throughput of blockchain transactions, this application provides a transaction pool to cache blockchain transactions.

[0056] The ledger buffer module is used to buffer the blockchain ledger. Specifically, the transactions of the blockchain are stored on the block in the form of ledgers. In order to improve the transaction of the blockchain, the blockchain provides a ledger buffer function.

[0057] P2P network module, used for automatic discovery, connection and address propagation of blockchain nodes. Specifically, P2P network is a peer-to-peer network, that is, a peer-to-peer computer network, a distributed application architecture that distributes tasks and workloads among peers, and a networking or network form formed by peer computing models at the application layer. Blockchain supports automatic discovery and automatic connection networking. By default, each online node can be used as a seed node to provide network discovery services for other nodes, and each seed node will record the node address information in the network. When a new node is connected to a seed node, the new node will query the seed node for the addresses of other connectable nodes in the network. After obtaining the addresses of other nodes, the new node will actively try to establish connections with these nodes; in addition, after accepting the new node link, the seed node will notify the address of the new node to other online seed nodes through the network discovery service. After obtaining the address of the new node, other nodes will also actively try to establish connections with the new node.

[0058] The block verification module is used to verify the block header, transaction hash and block hash of the blockchain. Specifically, the block verification module can ensure the integrity of the block transaction and prevent tampering.

[0059] The message subscription module is used to subscribe to blockchain messages and obtain transaction information in real time. Specifically, the blockchain supports blockchain message subscription. By subscribing to blockchain messages, you can obtain transaction information in real time, check whether the transaction is sent successfully, the time of successful chaining, the time of block placement, and the number of transactions contained in each block.

[0060] The synchronization service module is used to catch up and synchronize blocks of newly added nodes and highly lagging nodes.

[0061] The basic component layer includes a password library module, a certificate library module, an assembly container library module, a configuration library module, a log library module and a message bus module.

[0062] Among them, the password library module is used to provide encryption algorithms, including the national secret SM2, SM3, and SM4 encryption algorithms. Because IoT devices involve the processing and storage of a large amount of sensitive data, the underlying platform system needs to strictly comply with relevant security standards and regulatory requirements. By selecting appropriate encryption algorithms in the password library module, technical implementation of data encryption, access control of the identity and authority management module, and privacy protection module, as well as compliance review in accordance with industry standards and government regulations.

[0063] The certificate library module is used to manage and store blockchain user certificates.

[0064] The assembly container library module is used for dynamic assembly and decoupling of blockchain components. In order to adapt to the needs of different IoT application scenarios, the underlying platform system needs to adopt a modular and pluggable architecture design. The assembly container library module can add or delete functional modules according to specific needs, thereby providing higher flexibility and scalability. For example, pluggable consensus algorithms, smart contract engines, and data storage modules can be developed to adjust and optimize according to application scenarios.

[0065] Configuration library module, used to manage blockchain configuration.

[0066] The log library module is used to set log libraries of different levels, filter and output logs of set levels, and output log files of different formats to the terminal or file.

[0067] The message bus module is used to provide scalability, decoupling and elasticity for the blockchain. Specifically, as the hub of distributed communication in the blockchain, the message bus module provides scalability, decoupling and elasticity for the blockchain. As the hub of distributed communication in the blockchain, the message bus module can improve the processing of blockchain consensus messages.

[0068] The storage resource layer is used to store blockchain data. Specifically, the storage resource layer provides LevelDB, BadgerDB, MySQL, TDSQL and TIKV databases for blockchain data storage. You can choose the appropriate database according to business needs.

[0069] See also Figure 2 When an IoT device first accesses a blockchain network, it submits a registration request to the blockchain network through the blockchain client and obtains a unique device identity. Smart contracts on the blockchain enable automated management and maintenance of devices, reducing management costs. Provide blockchain-based digital identity authentication services for IoT devices to ensure the authenticity and credibility of device identities, and prevent device identities from being forged or tampered with through the distributed storage and consensus mechanism of the blockchain. Use blockchain encryption technology and distributed storage features to protect the security and privacy of IoT data, and use smart contracts and access control mechanisms to achieve fine-grained access control and authorization management of data. Device data is stored in multiple copies to ensure data reliability and integrity. Even if some nodes fail or are attacked, other nodes can continue to work to ensure the stable operation of the network.

[0070] See also Figure 3 In order to protect the security and privacy of blockchain data, the blockchain underlying platform system provided in this application adopts encryption technology, blockchain identity system and security and compliance measures. Among them, encryption technology includes symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption; blockchain identity system includes digital certificate account mode, public key account mode and smart contract auxiliary authority control; security and compliance measures include data encryption and storage, access control, audit and traceability and compliance inspection.

[0071] 1. Encryption Technology

[0072] Symmetric encryption, also known as private key encryption, is the process of using the same key for encryption and decryption. Its advantages are fast encryption and decryption speed and high efficiency, and it is particularly suitable for scenarios where large amounts of data need to be encrypted. In the Internet of Things, when key data needs to be stored or transmitted on the chain, the data is first encrypted using a preset symmetric key. The encrypted data becomes ciphertext, which cannot be easily decrypted even if intercepted, thereby protecting the privacy of the data. The key to symmetric encryption lies in the confidentiality of the key. In on-chain applications, key management is particularly important. A common practice is to use the characteristics of the blockchain itself to securely store and distribute keys.

[0073] Asymmetric encryption, also known as public key encryption, uses a pair of related keys (public key and private key) for encryption and decryption operations. The public key can be shared publicly and used to encrypt data; the private key is stored confidentially and used to decrypt data. In the Internet of Things, when critical data needs to be sent to another node, the data can be encrypted using the receiver's public key. The encrypted data can only be decrypted using the receiver's private key, thus ensuring the security of data transmission. Asymmetric encryption can also be used to generate digital signatures to ensure the integrity of the data and the authenticity of the source. The sender uses its own private key to encrypt the hash value of the data to generate a signature, and the receiver uses the sender's public key to verify it.

[0074] In symmetric encryption, both parties need to share a secret key. Asymmetric encryption can be used for a secure key exchange process. Both parties can first use the other party's public key to encrypt a randomly generated symmetric key, and then exchange the encrypted key. In this way, even if the encrypted key is intercepted, it cannot be decrypted, thereby ensuring the secure transmission of the symmetric key. In order to give full play to the advantages of symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption and make up for their respective shortcomings, this application can adopt a hybrid encryption mode, multi-level encryption protection or smart contract-assisted management.

[0075] Hybrid encryption mode: In the Internet of Things, asymmetric encryption technology can be used to securely exchange symmetric keys. Then, the exchanged symmetric keys are used to encrypt and decrypt data. This hybrid encryption mode ensures the security of key exchange and improves the efficiency of data encryption and decryption.

[0076] Multi-level encryption protection: Multi-level encryption protection can be used for particularly sensitive data. First, asymmetric encryption is used to preliminarily encrypt the data to ensure transmission security; then symmetric encryption is used to further encrypt the preliminarily encrypted data to improve encryption strength and data processing efficiency.

[0077] Smart contract-assisted management: Use smart contracts on the blockchain to assist in the management of encryption keys and encryption processes. Smart contracts can automatically perform operations such as the generation, distribution, update, and destruction of encryption keys and ensure the transparency and immutability of these operations.

[0078] 2. Blockchain Identity System

[0079] In the digital certificate account mode, a chain is composed of multiple organizations, and each organization defines the organization root certificate in the trustroots field in the genesis block. A node with a legitimate node certificate issued by a root organization certificate can join the network, and a user with a legitimate user certificate issued by a root organization is considered a user of the chain. An organization can have multiple nodes and users.

[0080] The blockchain defines the following types of roles:

[0081] Consensus node: a node on the chain that has the right to participate in the block consensus process;

[0082] Synchronous node common: a node that has no right to participate in the block consensus process but can synchronize data on the chain;

[0083] Administrator: A user who can conduct on-chain governance on behalf of the organization;

[0084] Ordinary client: a user who has no right to conduct on-chain governance but can send and query transactions;

[0085] Light node users: have no right to conduct on-chain governance, no right to send transactions, can only query and subscribe to the blocks and transaction data of their own organization, and are SPV light node users.

[0086] In the public key account mode, a chain is composed of multiple organizations. Each organization defines the administrator's public key in the trust roots field in the genesis block, and defines the consensus node list of the organization in consensus. A chain can have multiple chain administrators and multiple consensus nodes. There is no threshold for ordinary users to join. Any chain account created by public or private keys can become an ordinary user of the chain. The use of public key identification can avoid the cumbersome issuance process like the digital certificate system, making it easier and faster for users to join the blockchain network, but it cannot carry the organizational information and role information of users or nodes.

[0087] Assign a unique identifier to each device and bind it to a specific user's permission account. Only when the user's permission account contains access rights to the corresponding device can the user access and operate the device.

[0088] Smart contracts assist in permission control: Use smart contracts on the blockchain to automatically execute permission control logic. Smart contracts can automatically determine whether a user has the right to access specific data or perform specific operations based on preset rules. The transparency and immutability of smart contracts ensure the fairness and security of permission control logic.

[0089] 3. Security and Compliance Measures

[0090] Data encryption and storage: Encrypt the evidence transaction and its change records to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage. Use distributed ledger technology such as blockchain to store evidence transaction data to improve the immutability and transparency of data.

[0091] Access control: Implement strict access control policies to restrict unauthorized users from accessing stored transaction data and changing permissions. Use multi-factor authentication and other technical means to improve account security.

[0092] Audit and traceability: Record the log information of all evidence change operations, including key information such as change time, operator, and change content. Regularly audit and analyze the log information to check for abnormal operations and potential security risks.

[0093] Compliance check: Conduct compliance checks before executing changes to ensure that the changes comply with relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the evidence storage platform. If any illegal operations or potential legal risks are encountered, take timely measures to correct or prevent them.

[0094] The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things provided by this application has the following advantages:

[0095] (1) High performance and high security: The consensus process is the core process of the entire blockchain Internet of Things, which can effectively improve the consensus process and ensure the security and privacy of data.

[0096] (2) Lightweight and easy to expand: As IoT devices continue to increase, the underlying platform system has good scalability and can adapt to the needs of large-scale IoT devices in the future. The lightweight design helps reduce the computing and storage overhead of IoT devices and improve the operating efficiency of the overall system.

[0097] (3) Privacy protection: The data generated by IoT devices often contain the user's private information, so the underlying platform system needs to provide strong privacy protection functions. By using blockchain technology and secure hardware, the security of IoT data during transmission and storage can be ensured.

[0098] (4) Low cost and high efficiency: The underlying platform system can reduce the transaction and data transmission costs of IoT devices to improve the economy of the system. At the same time, it has efficient transaction processing capabilities to meet the real-time requirements of IoT devices.

[0099] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments that are not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things, characterized in that: Includes access layer, core module layer, basic component layer and storage resource layer; The access layer includes blockchain middleware, which is used to simplify the access of IoT devices and quickly establish a connection between IoT devices and blockchain; The core module layer includes an identity authority management module, a privacy protection module, a consensus algorithm module, a chain management module, a chain configuration module, a transaction buffer module, a ledger buffer module, a P2P network module and a block verification module; wherein the identity authority management module is used to identify users based on cryptography, and manage the identity authority of connecting blockchain devices based on role authority control; the privacy protection module is used to protect data privacy and ensure the reliability of the contract execution process, and adopt trusted computing technology to execute privacy contracts in a trusted execution environment; the consensus algorithm module is used to provide a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm suitable for the Internet of Things; the chain management module is used to manage the organization, nodes and users of the blockchain; the chain configuration module is used to manage the configuration information of the blockchain; the transaction buffer module is used to buffer blockchain transactions; the ledger buffer module is used to buffer blockchain ledgers; the P2P network module is used for automatic discovery, connection and address propagation of blockchain nodes; the block verification module is used to verify the block header, transaction hash and block hash of the blockchain; The basic component layer includes a password library module, a certificate library module, an assembly container library module, a configuration library module and a message bus module, wherein the password library module is used to provide encryption algorithms; the certificate library module is used to manage and store certificates of blockchain users; the assembly container library module is used for dynamic assembly and decoupling of various components of the blockchain; the configuration library module is used to manage blockchain configuration; and the message bus module is used to provide scalability, decoupling and elasticity for the blockchain. The storage resource layer is used for storing blockchain data.

2. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The access layer also includes a software development kit, which is used to create, develop, test and deploy applications.

3. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The software development kits include go-SDK, java-SDK, node-SDK and python-SDK.

4. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core module layer also includes a chain monitoring module, which is used to monitor the transaction volume, total number of blocks and TPS of the blockchain.

5. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core module layer also includes a contract engine module, which is used to run smart contracts.

6. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core module layer also includes a data storage module, which is used to store the ledger data on the blockchain and provide a data query function.

7. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core module layer also includes a message subscription module, which is used to subscribe to blockchain messages and obtain transaction information in real time.

8. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core module layer also includes a synchronization service module, which is used for catching up and synchronizing blocks of newly added nodes and highly lagging nodes.

9. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic component layer also includes a log library module, which is used to set log libraries of different levels, filter and output logs of set levels, and output log files of different formats to terminals or files.

10. The blockchain underlying platform system supporting the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage resource layer includes LevelDB, BadgerDB, MySQL, TDSQL and TIKV databases.

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