Long training field with reduced peak-to-average power ratio

Abstract

The invention relates to a long training field with reduced peak-to-average power ratio. Various aspects generally relate to generating a long training field (LTF) and a data field and wirelessly transmitting the LTF and the data field within a 320 MHz or 240 MHz bandwidth channel. The LTF includes an LTF sequence that is based on a cascade of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence associated with a channel bandwidth that is less than a total bandwidth of the channel, each LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase-rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio. Each LTF sub-sequence of the plurality of LTF sub-sequences may be associated with an LTF that is designed for a 80 MHz bandwidth channel. The LTF and the data field may then be transmitted in a wireless packet to at least one second wireless communication device via a 320 MHz or 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese patent application with application number No. 202180040993.3, filed on June 22, 2021, and invention name “Long training field with reduced peak-to-average power ratio”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This patent application claims priority to and the benefit of pending U.S. non-provisional application No. 17 / 353,673 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on June 21, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 042,557 filed on June 22, 2020, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 046,569 filed on June 30, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 051,264 filed on July 13, 2020. Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particularly, to training fields for communications over large bandwidth channels that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio.

[0005] Related technical description

[0006] As wireless communications have evolved toward increasing data rates, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has evolved its IEEE 802.11 standards to provide increased throughput. Recently, IEEE 802.11be is being developed, which defines extremely high throughput (EHT) wireless communications using large bandwidth channels (e.g., with bandwidths of 240 MHz, 320 MHz, or greater). The total channel bandwidth may include a combination of subchannels (potentially of different sizes) in one or more frequency bands (such as 5 GHz or 6 GHz bands). The subchannels (which may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the frequency band) may be collectively referred to as wireless channels. IEEE 802.11be proposes to transmit signals using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), which is a multi-user version of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation scheme. OFDM employs multi-carrier modulation, in which multiple carriers (e.g., parallel subcarriers), each carrying low bit rate data, are orthogonal to each other. In OFDMA, multiple access is achieved by assigning subsets of subcarriers to individual users or devices.

[0007] OFDMA transmissions can have high peaks in the time domain because many subcarrier components are added via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operation. Therefore, OFDMA transmissions can have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to single-carrier transmissions. High PAPR is one of the most disadvantageous aspects of OFDMA systems because it reduces the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), while degrading the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter. According to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the physical layer preamble of a wireless communication transmission includes one or more long training fields (LTFs). Each LTF includes a training sequence that can be used by a receiving device to set or adjust the automatic gain control (AGC) function of the receiving device. AGC is a technique in an amplifier or amplifier chain for adjusting the signal amplitude at its output regardless of changes in the signal amplitude at the input. LTF may include a training sequence of a predetermined signal that can be used to identify the start of a transmission and set the AGC. However, high PAPR tends to skew the AGC incorrectly, making it difficult to demodulate / detect control or data channels.

[0008] A brief overview of some examples

[0009] A brief summary of one or more aspects of the present disclosure is given below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all conceived features of the present disclosure, and is neither intended to identify the key or decisive elements of all aspects of the present disclosure nor to attempt to define the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description that will be given later.

[0010] One aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device. A data field is generated for transmission using a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or 240 MHz. A long training field (LTF) sequence is obtained, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, and one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio. A wireless packet including an LTF and a data field is then transmitted to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel. Each of the plurality of LTF subsequences may be based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having a channel bandwidth of 80 MHz.

[0011] In one example, the length of the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be one quarter of the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 3.2 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. The concatenation may be a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein adjacent LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences have k padding zeros between them. One or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences may be based on a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] for the multiple LTF subsequences, and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B. In an example, a first LTF subsequence={s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; a second LTF subsequence={s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; a third LTF subsequence={s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and a fourth LTF subsequence={s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}, wherein a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1].

[0012] In another example, the length of the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be half the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 6.4 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. The concatenation may be a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence in the plurality of subsequences, a second LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein adjacent LTF subsequences in the plurality of LTF subsequences have k padding zeros between them. One or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences may be based on a phase rotation value set q = [q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 q11 q12 q13 q14 q15 q16 q17 q18 q19q20] for the multiple LTF subsequences, and wherein each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C, a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D, and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E. In one example, the first LTF subsequence = {q1*LTF-A, q2*LTF-B, q3*LTF-C, q4*LTF-D, q5*LTF-E}, the second LTF subsequence = {q6*LTF-A, q7*LTF-B, q8*LTF-C, q9*LTF-D, q10*LTF-E}, the third LTF subsequence = {q11*LTF-A, q12*LTF-B, q13*LTF-C, q14*LTF-D, q15*LTF-E}, and the fourth LTF subsequence = {q16*LTF-A, q17*LTF-B, q18*LTF-C, q19*LTF-D, q20*LTF-E}, where the phase rotation value set q = [q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9q10 q11 q12 q13 q14 q15 q16 q17 q18 q19 q20] = [+1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1-1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1] or [+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1].

[0013] In yet another example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be the same as the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. The concatenation may be a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein adjacent LTF subsequences in the plurality of LTF subsequences have k padded zeros between them. One or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences may be based on a phase rotation value set n = [n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8 n9 n10 n11 n12 n13 n14 n15 n16] for the multiple LTF subsequences, and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C, and a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D. In one example, the first LTF={n1*LTF-A, n2*LTF-B, 0, n3*LTF-C, n4*LTF-D}; the second LTF={n5*LTF-A, n6*LTF-B, 0, n7*LTF-C, n8*LTF-D}; the third LTF={n9*LTF-A, n10*LTF-B, 0, n11*LTF-C, n12*LTF-D}; and the fourth LTF={n13*LTF-A, n14*LTF-B, 0, n15*LTF-C, n16*LTF-D}, where the phase rotation value set n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8 n9 n10 n11 n12 n13 n14 n15 n16] = [1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] or [1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 11 1 -1 -1].

[0014] In an alternative example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be the same as the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. The concatenation may be a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein adjacent LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences have k padded zeros between them. One or more LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated may be based on a phase rotation value set n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8] for the plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B. In one example, the first LTF subsequence = {n1*LTF-A, 0, n2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {n3*LTF-A, 0, n4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {n5*LTF-A, 0, n6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {n7*LTF-A, 0, n8*LTF-B}, where the phase rotation value set n = [n1 n2 n3 s4 n5 n6 n7 n8] = [1 -1-1 -1 -1 1 1 1].

[0015] In yet another example, each LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences may be based on an 80 MHz LTF segment formed by two high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequences for a subchannel having a 40 MHz channel bandwidth. The 80 MHz LTF segment may be formed by interleaving and phase rotating the values ​​of four base sub-segments Sa, Sb, Sc, and Sd, where:

[0016] Sa=[+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1],

[0017] Sb=[Sa(1:7),-Sa(8:13)],

[0018] Sc=[-Sa(1:6),Sa(7:13)], and

[0019] Sd = [Sd(1:14)], where the value Sd(x) is configured to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio in the 80 MHz segment. In one example, Sd = [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1].

[0020] The length of the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be half the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and the concatenation may be a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence in the plurality of subsequences, a second LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences in the plurality of LTF subsequences. The symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 6.4 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. One or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated in the plurality of LTF subsequences may be based on a phase rotation value set q=[q1q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8] applied to the plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B. In one example, the first LTF subsequence = {q1*LTF-A, 0, q2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {q3*LTF-A, 0, q4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {q5*LTF-A, 0, q6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {q7*LTF-A, 0, q8*LTF-B}, where the phase rotation value set q = [q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8] = [1 1 1 1 -1 -1-1 1].

[0021] Another aspect provides a method for receiving wireless communication. Specifically, a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field can be received via a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or 240 MHz. The LTF sequence can then be detected within the packet, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, and one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio. The data field can be received or obtained based on the detected LTF sequence.

[0022] These and other aspects of the present disclosure will be more fully understood after reading the following detailed description. After reading the following description of specific example implementations in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features, and examples will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although the features of the examples herein may be discussed below with respect to certain implementations and accompanying drawings, all implementations may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more implementations may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more such features may also be used according to the various implementations discussed herein. In a similar manner, although example implementations may be discussed below as devices, systems, or methods, it should be understood that such example implementations may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown.

[0025] Figure 2A Example protocol data units (PDUs) that may be used for wireless communications between an access point and one or more stations are shown.

[0026] Figure 2B Shows Figure 2A Example L-SIG in a PDU.

[0027] Figure 3A An example physical layer convergence protocol PDU (PPDU) that may be used for wireless communications between an access point and one or more stations is shown.

[0028] Figure 3B Another example PPDU that may be used for wireless communications between an access point and one or more stations is shown.

[0029] Figure 4 An example 2N tone plan is shown.

[0030] Figure 5 Example modes are shown that may be used for 320 MHz bandwidth transmission and 240 MHz bandwidth transmission.

[0031] Figure 6 An example of OFDMA resource unit (RU) allocation is illustrated.

[0032] Figure 7 Examples of tone spacing and index ranges for various Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sizes and symbol durations for 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz transmissions are illustrated.

[0033] Figure 8An example of an extremely high throughput (EHT) long training field (LTF) (EHT-LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 1x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration.

[0034] Fig. 9 An example of a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence and a second LTF base sequence.

[0035] Fig.10 An example of EHT-LTF construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 2x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration.

[0036] Fig.11 An example of an HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence, a second LTF base sequence, a third LTF base sequence, a fourth LTF base sequence, and a fifth LTF base sequence.

[0037] Fig.12 Another example of EHT-LTF construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 2x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration.

[0038] Fig.13 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

[0039] Fig.14 A first example of an EHT long training field (LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 4x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration.

[0040] Fig.15 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence, a second LTF base sequence, a third base sequence, and a fourth base sequence.

[0041] Fig.16A second example of EHT long training field (LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 4x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration.

[0042] Fig.17 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence and a second LTF base sequence.

[0043] Fig.18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device supporting a training field for communication over a large bandwidth channel that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio.

[0044] Fig.19 is a flow chart illustrating an example method operational at a wireless communication device that supports a training field for communication over a large bandwidth channel that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio.

[0045] Fig. 20 is a flow chart illustrating an example method operational at a wireless communication device that supports a training field for communication over a large bandwidth channel that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio. Detailed Description

[0047] The following description is directed to certain specific examples in order to describe the innovative aspects of the present disclosure. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in many different ways. Some or all of the examples described may be implemented in a manner that is capable of being implemented in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, the IEEE 802.15 standard, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), or the like. The described implementations may be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in accordance with one or more of the Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR)) standards, or the like released by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The described implementations may be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals in accordance with one or more of the following technologies or techniques: code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), single user (SU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO), and multi-user (MU)-MIMO. The described implementations may also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of a wireless personal area network (WPAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless wide area network (WWAN), or an Internet of Things (IOT) network.

[0048] As the IEEE 802.11 standard evolves to use higher bandwidths (e.g., 320 MHz for extremely high throughput (EHT) operation, as defined by the IEEE 802.11be amendment), it has been recognized that OFDMA transmissions can have high peaks in the time domain because many subcarrier components are added via an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operation. Therefore, OFDMA transmissions can have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to single-carrier transmissions. The high PAPR of OFDMA transmissions reduces the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) in the radio chain, while degrading the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter.

[0049] According to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the physical layer preamble of a wireless communication transmission includes one or more long training fields (LTFs). For example, an EHT transmission includes a legacy LTF (L-LTF) and an EHT LTF (EHT-LTF). Each LTF includes a training sequence of a predetermined signal, which can be used by the receiving device to identify the start of the transmission and for various other purposes. For example, the EHT LTF can be specifically configured for channel estimation, automatic gain control (AGC), and other operations. This enables the receiving device to perform coherent demodulation / detection of a control or data channel.

[0050] Various aspects generally relate to an LTF that is constructed to minimize or reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the LTF. Some aspects more specifically relate to reusing the high efficiency (HE)-LTF sequence for 80MHz bandwidth channels defined by the IEEE 802.11ax amendment as a basis for constructing a longer EHT-LTF sequence for a 320MHz bandwidth channel. In order to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320MHz bandwidth channel, the HE-LTF for the 80MHz bandwidth channel may be modified based on phase rotation and cascading to achieve a minimized PAPR or a PAPR that is otherwise below a threshold level. One or more combinations of phase rotation coefficients and HE-LTF segments that provide such minimized or reduced PAPR may be predetermined or preconfigured. On the other hand, the EHT-LTF sequence may be optimized to reduce the PAPR based on multi-stream PAPR minimization for different resource units (RU) or multi-RU (MRU) sizes.

[0051] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. For large bandwidth channels using OFDMA modulation, it is advantageous to configure the LTF to minimize or reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the LTF so that the LTF does not incorrectly skew the AGC. This allows the receiving device to perform coherent demodulation / detection of control or data channels. In one aspect, the LTF may be pre-generated and stored so that it does not have to be dynamically generated each time.

[0052] Figure 1 A block diagram of an example wireless communication network 100 is shown. According to some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) such as a Wi-Fi network (and will be referred to as WLAN 100 hereinafter). For example, the WLAN 100 may be a network that implements at least one of the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards, such as the standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be. The WLAN 100 may include numerous wireless communication devices, such as an access point (AP) 102 and a plurality of stations (STAs) 104. Although only one AP 102 is shown, the WLAN network 100 may also include a plurality of APs 102.

[0053] Each STA 104 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a mobile device, a mobile handset, a wireless handset, an access terminal (AT), a user equipment (UE), a subscriber station (SS), or a subscriber unit, etc. STA 104 may represent a variety of devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), other handheld devices, netbooks, netbook computers, tablet computers, laptops, display devices (e.g., TVs, computer monitors, navigation systems, etc.), music or other audio or stereo equipment, remote control devices (“remote controls”), printers, kitchen or other home appliances, key fobs (e.g., for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), etc.

[0054] A single AP 102 and the associated set of STAs 104 may be referred to as a basic service set (BSS), which is managed by the corresponding AP 102 . Figure 1Additionally shown is an example coverage area 106 of the AP 102, which may represent a basic service area (BSA) of the WLAN 100. The BSS may be identified to a user by a service set identifier (SSID) and may also be identified to other devices by a basic service set identifier (BSSID), which may be a media access control (MAC) address of the AP 102. The AP 102 periodically broadcasts a beacon frame ("beacon") including the BSSID to enable any STA 104 within the wireless range of the AP 102 to "associate" or re-associate with the AP 102 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 108 (hereinafter also referred to as a "Wi-Fi link") with the AP 102. For example, the beacon may include an identification of a primary channel used by the corresponding AP 102 and a timing synchronization function for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with the AP 102. The AP 102 may provide access to external networks to the respective STAs 104 in the WLAN via the corresponding communication links 108.

[0055] To establish a communication link 108 with the AP 102, each STA 104 is configured to perform passive or active scanning operations ("scans") on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (eg, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform passive scanning, the STA 104 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 102 at periodic time intervals, referred to as target beacon transmission times (TBTTs), measured in time units (TUs), where one TU may be equal to 1024 microseconds (μs). To perform active scanning, the STA 104 generates probe requests and sequentially transmits these probe requests on each channel to be scanned and listens for probe responses from the AP 102. Each STA 104 may be configured to identify or select an AP 102 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 108 with the selected AP 102. The AP 102 assigns an association identifier (AID) to the STA 104 at the end of the association operation, and the AP 102 uses the AID to track the STA 104.

[0056] As wireless networks become more and more common, STA 104 may have the opportunity to select one of many BSSs within the range of the STA or to select among multiple APs 102 that together form an extended service set (ESS) (including multiple connected BSSs). The extended network station associated with WLAN 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system that allows multiple APs 102 to be connected in such an ESS. In this way, STA 104 can be covered by more than one AP 102 and can be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. Additionally, after associating with AP 102, STA 104 may also be configured to periodically scan its periodic environment to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with it. For example, a STA 104 that is moving relative to its associated AP 102 may perform a "roaming" scan to find another AP 102 with a more desirable network characteristic (such as a larger received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or a reduced traffic load).

[0057] In some cases, STA 104 may form a network without AP 102 or other equipment other than STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). An ad hoc network may alternatively be referred to as a mesh network or a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. In some cases, an ad hoc network may be implemented within a larger wireless network (such as WLAN 100). In such an implementation, although STA 104 may be able to communicate with each other through AP 102 using a communication link 108, STA 104 may also communicate directly with each other via a direct wireless link 110. Additionally, two STAs 104 may communicate via a direct communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STAs 104 are associated with and served by the same AP 102. In such an ad hoc system, one or more STAs 104 may assume the role played by AP 102 in a BSS. Such a STA 104 may be referred to as a group master (GO) and may coordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of direct wireless link 110 include a Wi-Fi Direct connection, a connection established by using a Wi-Fi Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) link, and other P2P group connections.

[0058] The AP 102 and the STA 104 may function and communicate (via corresponding communication links 108) in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless communication protocol standards, such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be. These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the PHY and media access control (MAC) layers. The AP 102 and the STA 104 transmit and receive wireless communications (hereinafter also referred to as "Wi-Fi communications") to and from each other in the form of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) (or physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) PDUs). The AP 102 and STA 104 in the WLAN 100 may transmit PPDUs on an unlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of a spectrum that includes frequency bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technology, such as the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 60 GHz band, the 3.6 GHz band, and the 900 MHz band. Some implementations of the AP 102 and STA 104 described herein may also communicate in other frequency bands, such as the 6 GHz band, that may support both licensed and unlicensed communications. The AP 102 and STA 104 may also be configured to communicate on other frequency bands, such as shared licensed frequency bands, where multiple operators may have licenses to operate in one or more of the same or overlapping frequency bands.

[0059] Each frequency band may include multiple sub-bands or frequency channels. For example, PPDUs that comply with IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be standard amendments may be transmitted on 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz frequency bands, where each frequency band is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. In this way, these PPDUs are transmitted on a physical channel with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels may be formed through channel bonding. For example, a PPDU may be transmitted on a physical channel with a bandwidth of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz by bonding multiple 20 MHz channels together.

[0060] Each PPDU is a composite structure that includes a PHY preamble and a payload in the form of a PHY service data unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PDSU. In instances where the PPDU is transmitted over a bonded channel, the preamble field can be replicated and transmitted in each of a plurality of component channels. The PHY preamble may include both a legacy portion (or "legacy preamble") and a non-legacy portion (or "non-legacy preamble"). Legacy preambles can be used for packet detection, automatic gain control, and channel estimation, among other purposes. Legacy preambles can also generally be used to maintain compatibility with legacy devices. The format, encoding, and information provided therein of the non-legacy portion of the preamble are based on the specific IEEE 802.11 protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

[0061] Figure 2A An example protocol data unit (PDU) 200 that can be used for wireless communication between an AP 102 and one or more STAs 104 is shown. For example, the PDU 200 can be configured as a PPDU. As shown, the PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, the preamble 202 can include a legacy portion, which itself includes a legacy short training field (L-STF) 206 that can be composed of two BPSK symbols, a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 208 that can be composed of two BPSK symbols, and a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 210 that can be composed of two BPSK symbols. The legacy portion of the preamble 202 can be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. The preamble 202 may also include a non-legacy portion including one or more non-legacy fields 212 that comply with, for example, an IEEE wireless communication protocol such as IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be, or a later wireless communication protocol.

[0062] L-STF 206 generally enables the receiving device to perform coarse timing and frequency tracking and automatic gain control (AGC). L-LTF 208 generally enables the receiving device to perform fine timing and frequency tracking, and can also perform initial estimation of the wireless channel. L-SIG 210 generally enables the receiving device to determine the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid transmitting over the PDU. For example, L-STF 206, L-LTF 208 and L-SIG 210 can be modulated according to a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. Payload 204 can be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, an orthogonal BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, an orthogonal amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another appropriate modulation scheme. Payload 204 may include a PSDU including a data field (DATA (data)) 214, and DATA 214 can then carry higher layer data in the form of, for example, a media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU) or an aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU).

[0063] Figure 2B Shows Figure 2A 2. An example L-SIG 210 in a PDU 200 of FIG. 210 includes a data rate field 222, reserved bits 224, a length field 226, parity bits 228, and a tail field 230. The data rate field 222 indicates the data rate (note that the data rate indicated in the data rate field 212 may not be the actual data rate of the data carried in the payload 204). The length field 226 indicates the packet length, for example, in symbols or bytes. The parity bits 228 may be used to detect bit errors. The tail field 230 includes tail bits, which may be used by a receiving device to terminate the operation of a decoder (e.g., a Viterbi decoder). The receiving device may use the data rate and length indicated in the data rate field 222 and the length field 226 to determine the packet duration, for example, in microseconds (μs) or other time units.

[0064] Figure 3A An example PPDU 300 that can be used for wireless communication between an AP and one or more STAs is shown. The PPDU 300 can be used for SU, OFDMA, or MU-MIMO transmission. The PPDU 300 can be formatted as a high-efficiency (HE) WLAN PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard. The PPDU 300 includes a PHY preamble that includes a legacy portion 302 and a non-legacy portion 304. The PPDU 300 can further include a PHY payload 306 (e.g., in the form of a PSDU including a data field 324) after the preamble.

[0065] The legacy portion 302 of the preamble includes an L-STF 308, an L-LTF 310, and an L-SIG 312. The non-legacy portion 304 includes a repetition of the L-SIG (RL-SIG) 314, a first HE signal field (HE-SIG-A) 316, a HE short training field (HE-STF) 320, and one or more HE long training fields (or symbols) (HE-LTF) 322. For OFDMA or MU-MIMO communications, the second portion 304 further includes a second HE signal field (HE-SIG-B) 318 that is encoded separately from the HE-SIG-A 316. The HE-STF 320 may be used for timing and frequency tracking and AGC, and the HE-LTF 322 may be used for finer channel estimation. As with L-STF 308, L-LTF 310, and L-SIG 312, in instances involving the use of bonded channels, the information in RL-SIG 314 and HE-SIG-A 316 may be replicated and transmitted in each component 20 MHz channel. In contrast, the content in HE-SIG-B 318 may be unique to each 20 MHz channel and target specific STA 104.

[0066] The RL-SIG 314 may indicate to the HE-compatible STA 104 that the PPDU 300 is a HE PPDU. The AP 102 may use the HE-SIG-A 316 to identify multiple STAs 104 and inform the multiple STAs 104 that the AP has scheduled UL or DL ​​resources for them. For example, the HE-SIG-A 316 may include a resource allocation subfield indicating resource allocation for the identified STA 104. The HE-SIG-A 316 may be decoded by each HE-compatible STA 104 served by the AP 102. For MU transmissions, the HE-SIG-A 316 further includes information that may be used by each identified STA 104 to decode the associated HE-SIG-B 318. For example, the HE-SIG-A 316 may indicate the frame format (including the location and length of the HE-SIG-B 318), the available channel bandwidth, and the modulation and coding scheme (MCS), among other things. The HE-SIG-A 316 may also include HE WLAN signaling information that may be used by STAs 104 other than the identified STA 104 .

[0067] HE-SIG-B 318 may carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as, for example, STA-specific (or "user-specific") MCS values ​​and STA-specific RU allocation information. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, such information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding resource unit (RU) in the associated data field 324. Each HE-SIG-B 318 includes a common field and at least one STA-specific field. The common field may indicate RU allocations (including RU assignments in the frequency domain) to multiple STAs 104, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmission, and the number of users in the allocation, etc. The common field may be encoded using common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits. User-specific fields are assigned to a specific STA 104 and may be used to schedule a specific RU and indicate the scheduling to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific field may include multiple user block fields. Each user block field may include two user fields containing information for two corresponding STAs to decode corresponding RU payloads in the data field 324 .

[0068] Figure 3B Another example PPDU 350 that can be used for wireless communication between an AP and one or more STAs is shown. The PPDU 350 can be used for SU, OFDMA, or MU-MIMO transmission. The PPDU 350 can be formatted as an extremely high throughput (EHT) WLAN PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11be amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard, or can be formatted as a PPDU that complies with any future (post-EHT) version of a new wireless communication protocol (complying with a future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard or other wireless communication standard). The PPDU 350 includes a PHY preamble that includes a legacy portion 352 and a non-legacy portion 354. The PPDU 350 may further include a PHY payload 356 (e.g., in the form of a PSDU including a data field 374) after the preamble.

[0069] The legacy portion 352 of the preamble includes an L-STF 358, an L-LTF 360, and an L-SIG 362. The non-legacy portion 354 of the preamble includes an RL-SIG 364 and a plurality of wireless communication protocol version-related signal fields following the RL-SIG 364. For example, the non-legacy portion 354 may include a universal signal field 366 (referred to herein as "U-SIG 366") and an EHT signal field 368 (referred to herein as "EHT-SIG 368"). One or both of the U-SIG 366 and the EHT-SIG 368 may be configured to be used for version-related information of other wireless communication protocol versions other than the EHT and carry the version-related information. The non-legacy portion 354 further includes an additional short training field 370 (referred to herein as "EHT-STF 370", but may also be constructed to be used for version-related information of other wireless communication protocol versions other than EHT and carry the version-related information) and one or more additional long training fields 372 (referred to herein as "EHT-LTF 372", but they may be constructed to be used for version-related information of other wireless communication protocol versions other than EHT and carry the version-related information). The EHT-STF 370 may be used for timing and frequency tracking and AGC, and the EHT-LTF 372 may be used for more refined channel estimation. As with the L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362, in instances involving the use of bonded channels, the information in the U-SIG 366 and the EHT-SIG 368 may be replicated and transmitted in each component 20 MHz channel. In some implementations, the EHT-SIG 368 may additionally or alternatively carry information different from the information carried in the primary 20 MHz channel in one or more non-primary 20 MHz channels.

[0070] The EHT-SIG 368 may include one or more jointly encoded symbols and may be encoded in a block different from the block in which the U-SIG 366 is encoded. The EHT-SIG 368 may be used by the AP to identify multiple STAs 104 and notify the multiple STAs 104 that the AP has scheduled UL or DL ​​resources for them. The EHT-SIG 368 may be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by the AP 102. The EHT-SIG 368 may generally be used by the receiving device to interpret the bits in the data field 374. For example, the EHT-SIG 368 may include RU allocation information, spatial stream configuration information, and per-user signaling information (such as MCS), etc. The EHT-SIG 368 may further include a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) (e.g., 4 bits) and a tail (e.g., 6 bits) that may be used for a binary convolutional code (BCC). In some implementations, the EHT-SIG 368 may include one or more code blocks each including a CRC and a tail. In some aspects, each code block may be encoded separately.

[0071] The EHT-SIG 368 may carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as, for example, user-specific MCS values ​​and user-specific RU allocation information. The EHT-SIG 368 may generally be used by the receiving device to interpret the bits in the data field 374. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, such information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field 374. Each EHT-SIG 368 may include a common field and at least one field that is user-specific. The common field may indicate RU distribution to multiple STAs 104, indicate RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmission, and the number of users in the allocation, etc. The common field may be encoded using common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits. The user-specific fields are assigned to a specific STA 104 and may be used to schedule a specific RU and indicate the scheduling to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific field may include multiple user block fields. Each user block field may include, for example, two user fields containing information for two corresponding STAs to decode their corresponding RU payloads.

[0072] The presence of the RL-SIG 364 and the U-SIG 366 may indicate to the EHT or future version compatible STA 104 that the PPDU 350 is an EHT PPDU or a PPDU of any future (post-EHT) version that complies with a new wireless communication protocol (complying with future IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards). For example, the U-SIG 366 may be used by a receiving device to interpret bits in one or more of the EHT-SIG 368 or the data field 374.

[0073] As described above, the AP 102 and the STA 104 may support multi-user (MU) communications; that is, concurrent transmissions from one device to each of multiple devices (e.g., multiple simultaneous downlink (DL) communications from the AP 102 to the corresponding STAs 104), or concurrent transmissions from multiple devices to a single device (e.g., multiple simultaneous uplink (UL) transmissions from the corresponding STAs 104 to the AP 102). To support MU transmissions, the AP 102 and the STA 104 may utilize multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) and multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MU-OFDMA) techniques.

[0074] In the MU-OFDMA scheme, the available spectrum of a wireless channel may be divided into multiple resource units (RUs), each of which includes multiple frequency subcarriers (also referred to as "tones"). Different RUs may be allocated or assigned to different STAs 104 by AP 102 at a specific time. The size and distribution of RUs may be referred to as RU allocation. In some implementations, RUs may be allocated in intervals of 2 MHz, and in this way, the minimum RU may include 26 tones consisting of 24 data tones and 2 pilot tones. Therefore, in a 20 MHz channel, up to 9 RUs (such as 2 MHz, 26 tones of RU) may be allocated (because some tones are reserved for other purposes). Similarly, in a 160 MHz channel, up to 72 RUs may be allocated. Larger RUs of 52 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, 484 tones, and 996 tones may also be allocated. Adjacent RUs may be separated by a null subcarrier, such as a DC subcarrier, for example, to reduce interference between adjacent RUs, reduce receiver DC offset, and avoid transmit center frequency leakage.

[0075] For UL MU transmissions, the AP 102 may transmit a trigger frame to initiate and synchronize UL MU-OFDMA or UL MU-MIMO transmissions from multiple STAs 104 to the AP 102. Such a trigger frame may thereby enable multiple STAs 104 to send UL traffic concurrently in time to the AP 102. The trigger frame may address one or more STAs 104 by a corresponding association identifier (AID), and may assign one or more RUs to each AID (and thus each STA 104), which may be used to send UL traffic to the AP 102. The AP may also specify one or more random access (RA) RUs that unscheduled STAs 104 may contend for.

[0076] Certain aspects of the present disclosure may support allowing the AP 104 to allocate STA 106 transmissions in an optimized manner to improve efficiency. High-efficiency wireless (HEW) stations, stations utilizing 802.11 high-efficiency protocols (such as IEEE 802.11ax), and stations using older or legacy 802.11 protocols (such as 802.11b) may all contend or coordinate with each other when accessing the wireless medium.

[0077] In some implementations, the AP 104 may transmit on the wireless medium according to various DL frequency tone plans for the HEW STAs. Figure 1 , STA 106A-106D may be a HEW STA. In some implementations, the HEW STA may communicate using a symbol duration that is four times the symbol duration of the legacy STA. Accordingly, each transmitted symbol may be four times longer in duration. In the case of using a longer symbol duration, each individual frequency tone may be transmitted using a quarter of the bandwidth. For example, in various implementations, a 1x symbol duration may be 3.2 μs, a 2x symbol duration may be 6.4 μs, and a 4x symbol duration may be 12.8 μs. AP 104 may transmit messages to HEW STA 106A-106D based on the communication bandwidth and according to one or more frequency tone plans. In some aspects, AP 104 may be configured to transmit to multiple HEW STAs simultaneously using OFDMA.

[0078] Figure 4An example 2N tone plan 400 is shown. In some implementations, the tone plan 400 may correspond in the frequency domain to OFDM tones generated using a 2N-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The tone plan 400 includes 2N OFDM tones indexed from -N to N-1. The tone plan 400 includes two edge or guard tone sets 410, two data / pilot tone sets 420, and a direct current (DC) tone set 430. In some implementations, the edge or guard tones 410 and the DC tones 430 may be empty. In some implementations, the tone plan 400 may include another suitable number of pilot tones, or may include pilot tones at other suitable tone locations.

[0079] In some aspects, an OFDMA tone plan may be provided that uses 4x symbol duration for transmissions compared to various IEEE 802.11 protocols. For example, 4x symbol duration may use a number of symbols that may each be 12.8 μs in duration (as opposed to symbols that may be 3.2 μs in duration in some other IEEE 802.11 protocols).

[0080] In some aspects, an OFDMA tone plan may be provided that uses 2x symbol durations for transmissions, as compared to various IEEE 802.11 protocols. For example, a 2x symbol duration may use a number of symbols that may each be 6.4 μs in duration (as opposed to symbols that may be 3.2 μs or 12.8 μs in duration in some other IEEE 802.11 protocols).

[0081] In some aspects, the data / pilot tones 420 of the transmission 400 may be divided among any number of different users. For example, the data / pilot tones 420 may be divided among one to eight users. To divide the data / pilot tones 420, the AP 104 or another device may signal various devices to indicate which devices may transmit or receive on which tones (of the data / pilot tones 420) in a particular transmission. Accordingly, systems and methods for dividing the data / pilot tones 420 may be desirable, and the division may be based on tone planning.

[0082] The frequency modulation plan can be selected based on several different characteristics. For example, it can be beneficial to have a simple frequency modulation plan that can be consistent across most or all bandwidths. For example, OFDMA transmissions can be transmitted on 20, 40, 80, 160, 240 or 320MHz (or a combination thereof), and it may be desirable to use a frequency modulation plan that can be used for any of these bandwidths. In addition, the frequency modulation plan may be simple because it uses a smaller number of building block sizes. For example, the frequency modulation plan may include a unit that can be referred to as a resource unit (RU). The unit can be used to assign a specific number of wireless resources (e.g., bandwidth or specific frequency modulation) to a specific user. For example, a user can be assigned a bandwidth as several RUs, and the transmitted data / pilot frequency modulation 420 can be decomposed into several RUs.

[0083] The frequency plan can also be selected based on efficiency. For example, transmissions of different bandwidths (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz or a combination thereof) may have different numbers of frequencies. Reducing the number of remaining frequencies may be beneficial. In addition, it may be beneficial if the frequency plan is configured to retain 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz boundaries in some implementations. For example, it may be desirable to have a frequency plan that allows each 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz portion to be decoded separately from each other, rather than having an allocation that may be located on the boundary between two different 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz portions of bandwidth. For example, it may be beneficial to align the interference pattern with the 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz channel. Additionally, it may be beneficial to have channel bonding (which may also be referred to as preamble puncturing) such that while a 20 MHz transmission and a 40 MHz transmission may be transmitted, a 20 MHz "hole" is created in the transmission when transmitting on 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz. This may allow, for example, legacy packets to be transmitted in this unused portion of the bandwidth. This puncturing may be applied to any transmission (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 MHz transmission) and may create at least a 20 MHz "hole" in the transmission, regardless of the channel or bandwidth used. Finally, it may also be advantageous to use a frequency tone plan that provides fixed pilot tone locations in a variety of different transmissions (such as in different bandwidths).

[0084] As data transmission rate requirements increase as additional devices join the network or as additional data is added to the network, larger channel bandwidths (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmissions) may be introduced. In one example, a frequency modulation plan for a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz may be introduced to assist in increasing the peak system transmission data rate and utilizing available channels more efficiently. For example, since new frequencies are available (e.g., 6 GHz), these new frequency modulation plans for a larger total channel bandwidth may utilize the newly available channels more efficiently. In addition, the increased total bandwidth that may be provided by these new frequency modulation plans may allow for a better rate-to-range tradeoff. In this case, if a larger total bandwidth is used, the same or similar transmission rate may be used to provide greater coverage. Additionally, a larger total channel bandwidth may also improve the efficiency of the frequency modulation plan (e.g., how many frequencies may be used for data transmission for a specific BW), and may also increase the number of guard bands. As with any total channel bandwidth being used, different modes may be utilized depending on channel availability. For example, the current 80 MHz channel bandwidth may be divided into 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz modes.

[0085] Figure 5 Example modes 500a-500d that can be used for 320 MHz bandwidth transmission and 240 MHz bandwidth transmission are shown. These can be some of the bandwidth modes available in IEEE 802.11be. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, 320MHz bandwidth transmission can be transmitted in at least two different modes as shown in 500a and 500b. Each of modes 500a and 500b can represent different combinations of channel bandwidth (BW) and frequency band that can be used depending on channel availability (e.g., in 2.4, 5 or 6GHz networks). In the first mode 500a, 320MHz transmission can be transmitted in a single adjacent frequency band with 320MHz bandwidth. In the second mode 500b, 320MHz transmission can be transmitted in two non-adjacent disjoint frequency bands with 160MHz bandwidth and 80MHz bandwidth respectively. As shown in the figure, each frequency band in these frequency bands is separated by unused subbands (SB). In this context, unused SB refers to a frequency band portion that is not a part of a wireless channel.

[0086] Similarly, 240MHz bandwidth transmission can be transmitted in at least two different modes as shown in 500c and 500d. In the third mode 500c, 240MHz transmission can be transmitted in a single contiguous frequency band with 240MHz bandwidth. In the fourth mode 500d, 240MHz transmission can be transmitted in two non-contiguous disjoint frequency bands with 160MHz bandwidth and 80MHz bandwidth respectively. As shown in the figure, each frequency band in these frequency bands is separated by unused subbands (SB). In this context, unused SB refers to a frequency band portion that is not a part of a wireless channel.

[0087] In some implementations, tone planning may be designed and signal generation may be accomplished for contiguous frequency bands of 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz bandwidth sizes.

[0088] Each of the modes 500a-500d may have one or more options for creating a 320 MHz bandwidth transmission or a 240 MHz bandwidth transmission. The first mode 500a may include (1) a first option with a single 320 MHz frequency plan; (2) a second option of replicating two 160 MHz frequency plans, one in each of two PHY 160 MHz subchannels and separated by unused SBs; and (3) a third option of replicating four 80 MHz frequency plans, one in each of four PHY 80 MHz subchannels separated by unused SBs. The second mode 500b may include (1) a first option of using two 160 MHz frequency plans, each in one PHY 160 MHz subchannel, and (2) a second option of replicating four 80 MHz frequency plans, one in each of four PHY 80 MHz subchannels and separated by unused SBs. The third mode 500c may include (1) a first option with a single 240 MHz frequency plan; (2) a second option with a 160 MHz frequency plan in a PHY 160 MHz subchannel and an 80 MHz subchannel in a PHY 80 MHz subchannel separated by unused SBs; and (3) a third option of replicating three 80 MHz frequency plans, one in each of three PHY 80 MHz subchannels separated by unused SBs.

[0089] Based on these modes and options, different frequency modulation plans can be designed or generated for 80, 160 or 320MHz bandwidths. The frequency modulation plan design for 80MHz, 160MHz and 320MHz for the 3-symbol duration option is a building block. In some implementations, different frequency bands can use different symbol durations. For example, for the third option of the 320MHz band, the 160MHz band can use a first symbol duration, while the 80MHz band can use a second symbol duration different from the first symbol duration. In some implementations, the frequency modulation plan for the 320MHz bandwidth can be generated or designed based on building blocks (e.g., the 80 and 160MHz transmissions discussed herein).

[0090] The different modes described herein for 320 MHz channel bandwidth and 240 MHz channel bandwidth may provide different options for symbol duration and tone spacing depending on the mode used.

[0091] Figure 6 An example of OFDMA resource unit (RU) allocation is explained. In an OFDMA system 600, multiple client devices (stations) can communicate (transmit or receive) with an access point (AP) at the same time by sharing the available bandwidth. OFDMA allows the subcarriers (also referred to as "tones") in the channel bandwidth to be grouped into smaller portions called "resource units" (RUs). Each RU may consist of a group of tones. In various example implementations, a RU may consist of 26 tones, 52 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, 484 tones, or 996 tones. That is, the RU may have different sizes depending on the number of tones or subcarriers in the RU, so that, for example, RU26 contains 26 tones and RU52 contains 52 tones, and so on. These individual RUs are assigned to different client devices or stations, which allows the access point to serve these client devices or stations simultaneously during uplink and downlink transmissions. In OFDMA allocation system 600, each device communicating on a wireless network may be allocated an individual RU, which need not be contiguous.

[0092] Although not in Figure 6 Although not explained in the description, some RUs may be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other RUs may also carry pilot or reference signals. These pilot or reference signals (e.g., including long training fields or LTFs) may be used by the receiving device to perform channel estimation for the corresponding channels, which may enable coherent demodulation / detection of control or data channels within the RU.

[0093] Figure 7Examples of tone spacing and index ranges for various Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sizes and symbol durations for 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz transmissions are explained. Various 802.11 protocols may use 1x symbol durations. 1x symbol durations may have a tone spacing of 312.5 kHz. Some 802.11 protocols may also use 4x symbol durations. 4x symbol durations may have a tone spacing of 78.125 kHz. Next generation 802.11 devices and standards may utilize 1x or 4x symbol durations, and may also utilize 2x symbol durations of 6.4 μs with a tone spacing of 156.25 kHz. Specifically, Figure 7The FFT size for each option (e.g., combination of symbol duration and tone spacing) is shown. For example, an 80 MHz channel bandwidth (BW) has 256 tones available at 1x symbol duration and 312.5 kHz spacing (option 1), 512 tones available at 2x symbol duration and 156.25 kHz spacing (option 2), and 1024 tones available at 4x symbol duration and 78.125 kHz spacing (option 3). A 160 MHz channel BW has 512 tones available at 1x symbol duration and 312.5 kHz spacing, 1024 tones available at 2x symbol duration and 156.25 kHz spacing, and 2048 tones available at 4x symbol duration and 78.125 kHz spacing. 320MHz channel BW has 1024 available tones at 1x symbol duration and 312.5kHz spacing, 2048 available tones at 2x symbol duration and 156.25kHz spacing, and 4096 available tones at 4x symbol duration and 78.125kHz spacing. In some aspects, 1x and 2x symbol durations may have similar benefits compared to 4x symbol durations. In some aspects, 1x and 2x symbol durations may have lower complexity, latency, and memory requirements due to the corresponding smaller Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size compared to 4x symbol durations, which have higher complexity, latency, and memory requirements due to their larger FFT size. 1x and 2x symbol durations each have lower frequency tone planning and cyclic prefix (CP) or GI efficiency compared to 4x symbol durations, which have higher frequency tone planning and guard interval (GI) efficiency. In addition, 1x and 2x symbol durations may not have outdoor support, while 4x symbol durations may have outdoor support, although 320MHz bandwidth is typically used indoors. 1x and 2x symbol durations may require new designs to provide OFDMA support because they cannot be mixed with high-efficiency STAs in DL / UL OFDMA. However, 4x symbol duration can provide OFDMA support because it can be mixed with HE STAs in DL / UL OFDMA. When memory size is not a consideration, 4x symbol duration may be a more natural choice for symbol duration. However, if the goal is to maintain memory size, 1x or 2x symbol durations may be considered. For PPDUs based on 1x triggering, 50% of the UL overhead is too high in view of the 1.6μs GI, so 2x symbol duration may be more likely to be a choice. In some implementations, the reduced symbol duration can advantageously result in reduced complexity and reduced memory utilization.

[0094] In one example, a data symbol may have a 4x symbol duration of 12.8μs + GI (guard interval). In contrast, an LTF symbol may have various multiples of a symbol duration. 1x LTF uses a 1x symbol duration of 3.2μs + GI. 2x LTF uses a 2x symbol duration of 6.4μs + GI. 4x LTF uses a 4x symbol duration of 12.8μs + GI, the same as a data symbol. In 802.11ax, three different GI values ​​are defined: 0.8μs, 1.6us, and 3.2μs. Each of these three values ​​may be selected based on the PPDU format and channel conditions. The same GI may be applied to the LTF field and the data field. For packets using 1x LTF, a 0.8μs or 1.6μs GI may be used depending on the PPDU format. For packets using 2x LTF, a 0.8 μs or 1.6 μs GI may be used depending on the PPDU format. For packets using 4x LTF, a 0.8 μs or 3.2 μs GI may be used depending on the PPDU format or channel conditions.

[0095] Accordingly, in Figure 7 The index ranges of the tones for each of these options are shown in , showing that 256 tones have a range of [-128, 127], 512 tones have a range of [-256, 255], 1024 tones have a range of [-512, 511], 2048 tones have a range of [-1024, 1023], and 4096 tones have a range of [-2048, 2047].

[0096] As the IEEE 802.11 standard evolves to use higher bandwidths (e.g., 320 MHz in IEEE 802.11be), it has been recognized that OFDM transmissions can have high peaks in the time domain because many subcarrier components are added via an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operation. Therefore, OFDM transmissions can have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to single-carrier transmissions. The high PAPR of OFDM and OFDMA transmissions reduces the signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) in the radio chain, while degrading the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter.

[0097] The Long Training Field (LTF) is used for wireless communication transmissions, including wireless communication transmissions over large bandwidth channels (such as the 320 MHz bandwidth channel used for IEEE802.11be). The LTF includes a training sequence that can be used by a receiving device to set or adjust an automatic gain control (AGC) function of the receiving device. AGC is a technique in an amplifier or amplifier chain for adjusting the signal amplitude at its output regardless of changes in the signal amplitude at the input. The LTF may include a training sequence of a predetermined signal that can be used to identify the start of a transmission and set the AGC.

[0098] The LTF sequence may be used as a reference signal that enables a receiving device to perform channel estimation for a corresponding channel, which may enable coherent demodulation / detection of a control or data channel.

[0099] As 802.11be seeks extremely high throughput (EHT) wireless communications using large bandwidth channels and OFDM modulation, it would be advantageous to configure the LTF to minimize or reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the LTF so that the LTF does not incorrectly skew the AGC.

[0100] One solution is to reuse the high efficiency (HE)-LTF sequence for 80MHz bandwidth channels defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard as the basis for constructing a longer EHT-LTF sequence for 320MHz bandwidth channels. In order to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for the 320MHz bandwidth channel, the HE-LTF for the 80MHz bandwidth channel can be modified by phase rotation and concatenation to achieve a minimized PAPR or a PAPR below a threshold level. One way to achieve this can be to perform simulations to search for a combination of phase rotation coefficients and HE-LTF segments that provide such a minimized PAPR.

[0101] Figure 8 An example of an extremely high throughput (EHT) long training field (LTF) (EHT-LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 1x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration. For example, each symbol of the EHT-LTF sequence may have a symbol duration of 3.2 μs plus a guard interval (GI), while each symbol of the data field may use 12.8 μs+GI (guard interval).

[0102] The EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is based on the concatenation of four LTF subsequences, each covering an 80 MHz bandwidth channel. In this example, four LTF subsequences are defined (LTF 80MHz_lower1_1x ,LTF 80MHz_upper1_1x ,LTF 80MHz_lower2_1x,LTF 80MHz_upper2_1x ), with padding zeros (e.g., 23 zeros) between these LTF subsequences. Each LTF subsequence may be dependent on a different portion, fragment, or subsequence of a HE-LTF sequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel, and each LTF subsequence may be selectively phase rotated by a set of phase rotation values ​​to minimize the PAPR for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel. Fig. 9 An example of a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence and a second LTF base sequence. These HE-LTF subsequences are specified in the IEEE 802.11ax standard.

[0103] The first LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower1_1x ) can be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a first rotation value s1, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a second rotation value s2 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0104] The second LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper1_1x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a third rotation value s3, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a fourth rotation value s4 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0105] The third LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower2_1x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a fifth rotation value s5, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a sixth rotation value s6 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0106] The fourth LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper2_1x ) can be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a seventh rotation value s7, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by an eighth rotation value s8 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0107] In one implementation, the phase rotation value s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] may be [1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1] to minimize or reduce the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

[0108] In some implementations, the phase rotation value or coefficient s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] can be scaled or multiplied by a common scaling factor b without affecting the optimization of minimizing PAPR. Additionally, the individual LTF subsequences can be cascaded in different orders without departing from the present disclosure. For example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of a second LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a first LTF subsequence. In another example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a second LTF subsequence, k zeros, a first LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a third LTF subsequence. In summary, any combination or order of LTF subsequences can be used to derive the EHT-LTF sequence.

[0109] Fig.10 An example of an EHT-LTF construction for a 320MHz bandwidth channel is explained, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 2x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration. For example, each symbol of the EHT-LTF sequence may have a symbol duration of 6.4μs plus a guard interval (GI), while each symbol of the data field may use 12.8μs+GI (guard interval).

[0110] The EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is based on the concatenation of four LTF subsequences, each covering an 80 MHz bandwidth channel. In this example, four LTF subsequences are defined (LTF 80MHz_lower1_2x ,LTF 80MHz_upper1_2x ,LTF 80MHz_lower2_2x ,LTF 80MHz_upper2_2x ), with padding zeros (e.g., 23 zeros) between these LTF subsequences. Each LTF subsequence may be dependent on a different portion, fragment, or subsequence of a HE-LTF sequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel, and each LTF subsequence may be selectively phase rotated by a rotation value set to minimize the PAPR for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel. Fig.11 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence LTF-A, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C, a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D, and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E. These HE-LTF subsequences are specified in the IEEE 802.11ax standard.

[0111] The first LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower1_2x) may be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a first rotation value q1, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a second rotation value q2 (concatenated with the former), a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by a third rotation value q3 (concatenated with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a fourth rotation value q4 (concatenated with the former), and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E phase-rotated by a fifth rotation value q5 (concatenated with the former).

[0112] The second LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper1_2x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a sixth rotation value q6, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a seventh rotation value q7 (cascaded with the former), a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by an eighth rotation value q8 (cascaded with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a ninth rotation value q9 (cascaded with the former), and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E phase-rotated by a tenth rotation value q10 (cascaded with the former).

[0113] The third LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower2_2x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by an eleventh rotation value q11, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a twelfth rotation value q12 (cascaded with the former), a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by a thirteenth rotation value q13 (cascaded with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a fourteenth rotation value q14 (cascaded with the former), and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E phase-rotated by a fifteenth rotation value q15 (cascaded with the former).

[0114] The fourth LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper2_2x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a sixteenth rotation value q16, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a seventeenth rotation value q17 (cascaded with the former), a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by an eighteenth rotation value q18 (cascaded with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a nineteenth rotation value q19 (cascaded with the former), and a fifth LTF base sequence LTF-E phase-rotated by a twentieth rotation value q20 (cascaded with the former).

[0115] In one implementation, the phase rotation value q=[q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 q11 q12 q13q14 q15 q16 q17 q18 q19 q20] may be [+1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1] or [+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1] to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

[0116] In some implementations, the phase rotation value or coefficient q=[q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8 q9 q10 q11q12 q13 q14 q15 q16 q17 q18 q19 q20] can be scaled or multiplied by a common scaling factor b without affecting the optimization of minimizing PAPR. Additionally, the individual LTF subsequences can be concatenated in different orders without departing from the present disclosure. For example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a concatenation of a second LTF subsequence, k zeros, a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a first LTF subsequence. In another example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a concatenation of a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a first LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a second LTF subsequence. In general, any combination or order of LTF subsequences can be used to derive the EHT-LTF sequence.

[0117] Fig.12 Another example of EHT-LTF construction for a 320MHz bandwidth channel is explained, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 2x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration. For example, each symbol of the EHT-LTF sequence may have a symbol duration of 6.4μs plus a guard interval (GI), while each symbol of the data field may use 12.8μs+GI (guard interval).

[0118] The EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is based on the concatenation of four LTF subsequences, each covering an 80 MHz bandwidth channel. In this example, four LTF subsequences are defined (LTF 80MHz_lower1_2x ,LTF 80MHz_upper1_2x ,LTF 80MHz_lower2_2x ,LTF 80MHz_upper2_2x), with padding zeros (e.g., 23 zeros) between these LTF subsequences. Each LTF subsequence may be dependent on a different portion, fragment, or subsequence of a HE-LTF sequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel, and each LTF subsequence may be selectively phase rotated by a rotation value set to minimize the PAPR for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel. Fig.13 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

[0119] In one example, the HE-LTF subsequence (a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B) may be based on an 80 MHz LTF segment formed by two high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequences for a subchannel having a 40 MHz channel bandwidth. The 40 MHz channel bandwidth sequence is modified to add an optimized value for the missing frequency tone used in the 80 MHz channel bandwidth. Once the 80 MHz LTF segment is obtained, it can be split to obtain the first LTF base sequence LTF-A and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

[0120] For example, a subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel may be formed by interleaving and phase rotating the values ​​of the four basic subsegments Sa, Sb, Sc, and Sd, where:

[0121] Sa=[+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1],

[0122] Sb=[Sa(1:7),-Sa(8:13)],

[0123] Sc=[-Sa(1:6),Sa(7:13)], and

[0124] Sd = [Sd(1:14)], where the value Sd(x) is configured to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio in the 80 MHz segment. In one example, Sd = [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1]. Subsequences Sa, Sb, and Sc may be defined for HE-LTF, and subsequence Sd may be optimized to add frequency modulation and reduce PAPR.

[0125] like Fig.12 As explained in the first LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower1_2x ) may be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a first rotation value q1, and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a second rotation value q2 (concatenated with the former).

[0126] The second LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper1_2x ) may be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a third rotation value q3, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a fourth rotation value q4 (concatenated with the former).

[0127] The third LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower2_2x ) may be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a fifth rotation value q5, and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a sixth rotation value q6 (concatenated with the former).

[0128] The fourth LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper2_2x ) may be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a seventh rotation value q7, and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by an eighth rotation value q8 (concatenated with the former).

[0129] In one implementation, the phase rotation value q=[q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8] may be [1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1] to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

[0130] In some implementations, the phase rotation value or coefficient q = [q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q8] can be scaled or multiplied by a common scaling factor b without affecting the optimization of minimizing PAPR. Additionally, the individual LTF subsequences can be cascaded in different orders without departing from the present disclosure. For example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of a first LTF subsequence, k zeros, a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a second LTF subsequence. In another example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of a second LTF subsequence, k zeros, a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a first LTF subsequence. In summary, any combination or order of LTF subsequences can be used to derive the EHT-LTF sequence.

[0131] Fig.14 A first example of an EHT long training field (LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 4x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration. For example, each symbol of the EHT-LTF sequence may have a symbol duration of 12.8 μs plus a guard interval (GI), while each symbol of the data field may use 12.8 μs plus a GI (guard interval).

[0132] The EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is based on the concatenation of four subsequences each covering an 80 MHz bandwidth channel. In this example, four LTF subsequences are defined (LTF 80MHz_lower1_4x ,LTF 80MHz_upper1_4x ,LTF 80MHz_lower2_4x ,LTF 80MHz_upper2_4x ), with padding zeros (e.g., 23 zeros) between these LTF subsequences. Each LTF subsequence may be dependent on a different portion, fragment, or subsequence of a HE-LTF sequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel, and each LTF subsequence may be selectively phase rotated by a set of phase rotation values ​​to minimize the PAPR for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel. Fig.15 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, which HE-LTF subsequence includes a first LTF base sequence LTF-A, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C, and a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D.

[0133] The first LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower1_4x ) may be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a first rotation value n1, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a second rotation value n2 (concatenated with the former), followed by zero, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by a third rotation value n3 (concatenated with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a fourth rotation value n4 (concatenated with the former).

[0134] The second LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper1_4x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by the fifth rotation value n5, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by the sixth rotation value n6 (cascaded with the former), followed by zero, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by the seventh rotation value n7 (cascaded with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by the eighth rotation value n8 (cascaded with the former).

[0135] The third LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower2_4x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a ninth rotation value n9, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a tenth rotation value n10 (concatenated with the former), followed by zero, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by an eleventh rotation value n11 (concatenated with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a twelfth rotation value n12 (concatenated with the former).

[0136] The fourth LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper2_4x ) can be a combination of the following: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a thirteenth rotation value n13, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a fourteenth rotation value n14 (concatenated with the former), followed by zero, a third LTF base sequence LTF-C phase-rotated by a fifteenth rotation value n15 (concatenated with the former), a fourth LTF base sequence LTF-D phase-rotated by a sixteenth rotation value n16 (concatenated with the former).

[0137] In one implementation, the phase rotation value n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8 n9 n10 n11 n12 n13 n14 n15 n16] may be [1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1] or [1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1] to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

[0138] In some implementations, the phase rotation values ​​or coefficients n = [n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8 n9 n10 n11 n12 n13 n14 n15 n16] can be scaled or multiplied by a common scaling factor b without affecting the optimization of minimizing PAPR. Additionally, the individual LTF subsequences can be concatenated in different orders without departing from the present disclosure. For example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a concatenation of a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, a second LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a first LTF subsequence. In another example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a concatenation of a fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, a first LTF subsequence, k zeros, a third LTF subsequence, k zeros, and a second LTF subsequence. In summary, any combination or order of LTF subsequences can be used to derive the EHT-LTF sequence.

[0139] Fig.16 A second example of an EHT long training field (LTF) construction for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, where each symbol of the EHT-LTF uses a 4x symbol duration and each symbol of the data field uses a 4x symbol duration. For example, each symbol of the EHT-LTF sequence may have a symbol duration of 12.8 μs plus a guard interval (GI), while each symbol of the data field may use 12.8 μs plus a GI (guard interval).

[0140] The EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel is based on the concatenation of four LTF subsequences, each covering an 80 MHz bandwidth channel. In this example, four LTF subsequences are defined (LTF 80MHz_lower1_4x ,LTF 80MHz_upper1_4x ,LTF 80MHz_lower2_4x ,LTF 80MHz_upper2_4x ), with padding zeros (e.g., 23 zeros) between these LTF subsequences. Each LTF subsequence may be dependent on a different portion, fragment, or subsequence of a HE-LTF sequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel, and each LTF subsequence may be selectively phase rotated by a set of phase rotation values ​​to minimize the PAPR for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel. Fig.17 An example of a HE-LTF subsequence for an 80 MHz bandwidth channel is illustrated, the HE-LTF subsequence including a first LTF base sequence and a second LTF base sequence.

[0141] The first LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower1_4x ) can be a combination of a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a first rotation value n1, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a second rotation value n2 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0142] The second LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper1_4x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a third rotation value n3, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a fourth rotation value n4 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0143] The third LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_lower2_4x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a fifth rotation value n5, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by a sixth rotation value n6 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0144] The fourth LTF subsequence (LTF 80MHz_upper2_4x ) can be a combination of: a first LTF base sequence LTF-A phase-rotated by a seventh rotation value n7, a second LTF base sequence LTF-B phase-rotated by an eighth rotation value n8 (concatenated with the former), and zeros between the two sequences.

[0145] In one implementation, the phase rotation value n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8] may be [1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1] to minimize the PAPR of the EHT-LTF for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel or a 240 MHz bandwidth channel.

[0146] In some implementations, the phase rotation value or coefficient n = [n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8] can be scaled or multiplied by a common scaling factor b without affecting the optimization of minimizing PAPR. Additionally, the individual LTF subsequences can be cascaded in different orders without departing from the present disclosure. For example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of the second LTF subsequence, k zeros, the first LTF subsequence, k zeros, the fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, and the third LTF subsequence. In another example, the EHT-LTF sequence can be a cascade of the fourth LTF subsequence, k zeros, the second LTF subsequence, k zeros, the first LTF subsequence, k zeros, and the third LTF subsequence. In summary, any combination or order of LTF subsequences can be used to derive the EHT-LTF sequence.

[0147] On the other hand, it is provided to optimize the EHT-LTF sequence based on the multi-stream PAPR performance of different resource units (RU) or multiple RUs (MRU) (i.e., combining more than one RU to form a new unit), and different PAPR thresholds can be used for optimization depending on the RU size. That is, the LTF sequence can be modified based on different (M)RUs to achieve a minimized PAPR or a PAPR below a threshold level.

[0148] In order to derive Figure 8 , 10 , 12, 14 or 16 of the EHT-LTF sequence, an exhaustive search may be performed for these optimized coefficients s, q or n based on the PAPR results of the evaluated RU or multi-RU (MRU). For example, in a 320MHz bandwidth channel, in the example of RU and MRU sizes of 242, 484, 242+484, 996, 484+996 in continuous 160MHz, 2x996, 3x996, 3x996+484, 4x996 may be selected for optimization. For each RU or MRU, the multi-stream PAPR may be evaluated when a single stream pilot (SSP) is used. For each sequence, a coefficient set s, q or n is selected that minimizes the PAPR of all (M)RUs listed above.

[0149] When selecting the phase rotation coefficient set s, q or n, it should be observed that for a single stream pilot (SSP), any P value that is not equal to the R value changes the basic EHT-LTF sequence. The P matrix and the R matrix are the rotation matrices applied to the data subcarrier and the pilot subcarrier, respectively, when generating multi-stream symbols. Thus, different P values ​​and R values ​​result in different PAPRs. EHT-LTF sequence optimization can be accomplished by finding the sequence that minimizes the maximum PAPR over all possible P and R values, i.e.:

[0150]

[0151] —where x is the sequence of all possible additional tone values ​​and rotations on the base sequence.

[0152] Note that the PAPR depends only on the product of the P and R values.

[0153] · gives the same sequence rotated 180 degrees.

[0154] All possible values ​​of P*R up to 8ss: [1 -1exp(-j*pi / 3)exp(-j*2*pi / 3)exp(-j*4*pi / 3)exp(-j*5*pi / 3)].

[0155] In one implementation, (from Figure 8 , 10 , 12, 14 and 16) can also be used for 240MHz transmission. In one aspect, the EHT-LTF sequence can be optimized for 240MHz bandwidth channels using additional MRUs 2x996, 2x996+484.

[0156] Fig.18 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device that supports training fields for communication over a large bandwidth channel that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio. The wireless communication device 1800 can be, for example, an access point or a user station, and can be implemented with a processing system 1814 that includes one or more processors 1804. Examples of processor 1804 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. In various examples, the wireless communication device 1800 can be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 1804 as utilized in the wireless communication device 1800 can be used to implement the functions discussed below. Fig.19 and 20Any one or more processes and procedures further illustrated in the flowchart of.

[0157] In this example, the processing system 1814 can be implemented with a bus architecture generally represented by bus 1802. Depending on the specific application of the processing system 1814 and the overall design constraints, the bus 1802 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges. The bus 1802 communicatively couples various circuits including one or more processors (generally represented by processor 1804), memory 1805, and computer readable media (generally represented by computer readable media 1806). The bus 1802 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further. The bus interface 1808 provides an interface between the bus 1802 and the wireless transceiver 1810 (including a transmitter and a receiver). The wireless transceiver 1810 provides a communication interface or device for communicating with various other equipment over a transmission medium. For example, the wireless transceiver 1810 may transmit to and receive from one or more wireless communication devices using one or more antennas 1816 and in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 protocol, such as IEEE 802.11be. In one implementation, the wireless transceiver 1814 may operate in accordance with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode.

[0158] The processor 1804 is responsible for managing the bus 1802 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 1806. The software, when executed by the processor 1804, causes the processing system 1814 to perform the various functions described below for any particular device. The computer-readable medium 1806 and the memory 1805 may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor 1804 when executing the software.

[0159] In one or more examples, the processor 1804 may include an OFDMA modulation circuit 1840, an OFDMA demodulation circuit 1842, and a long training field generator circuit 1844. In one example, the long training field generator circuit 1844 may be used to obtain an EHT-LTF sequence for a 320 MHz bandwidth channel. The OFDMA modulation circuit 1840 may be used to modulate the EHT-LTF sequence and the data field into an OFDM signal for transmission. The OFDMA demodulation circuit 1842 may be used to demodulate the received OFDM signal.

[0160] One or more processors 1804 in the processing system can execute software. Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether described in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium 1806. The computer-readable medium 1806 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As examples, non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs) or digital versatile disks (DVDs)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, or key-type drives), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, removable disks, and any other suitable medium for storing software or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 1806 may reside in the processor system 1814, external to the processing system 1814, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 1814. The computer-readable medium 1806 may be implemented in a computer program product. As an example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0161] In one or more examples, the computer-readable storage medium 1806 may include OFDMA modulation instructions 1850, OFDMA demodulation instructions 1852, or long training field instructions 1854. Of course, in the above examples, the circuit system included in the processor 1804 is provided only as an example, and other means for performing the described functions may be included within various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium 1806, or any other suitable equipment or means described in any of the processes or algorithms described herein.

[0162] Fig.19 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 1900 operable at a wireless communication device supporting training fields for communication over a large bandwidth channel that can achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio. At block 1902, a data field is generated for transmission using a first channel having a 320 MHz total channel bandwidth or a 240 MHz total channel bandwidth.

[0163] In box 1904, a long training field (LTF) sequence can be obtained (or retrieved or generated), which LTF sequence is based on a cascade of multiple LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than a total channel bandwidth of a first channel, and one or more LTF subsequences of the multiple LTF subsequences are selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio.

[0164] In some implementations, the entire LTF sequence may be stored at the wireless communication device (stored in a storage device or memory device) in advance (such as during manufacturing or configuration). Subsequently, the transmitting wireless communication device simply retrieves the entire LTF sequence from the memory device or storage device before transmission. That is, the LTF sequence does not need to be dynamically generated each time it is to be used.

[0165] In other implementations, the LTF sequence may be generated or constructed partially or completely at the transmitting wireless communication device dynamically or periodically. For example, a plurality of LTF subsequences may be stored at the wireless communication device (stored in a storage device or memory device), and the wireless communication device may dynamically generate the LTF sequence by applying a set of rotation coefficients or values ​​(stored at the wireless communication device or received) to the plurality of LTF subsequences and then cascading the phase-rotated LTF subsequences. In other other implementations, the LTF subsequences that are phase-rotated in advance may be stored in the wireless communication device, and then these LTF subsequences may be dynamically or periodically cascaded at the wireless communication device before the transmission of the LTF sequence. In other other implementations, a plurality of base sequences are stored at the wireless communication device. In such implementations, the wireless communication device may dynamically retrieve the base sequence from the memory, construct the LTF subsequence, phase-rotate the LTF subsequence, and cascade the LTF subsequences to construct the LTF sequence.

[0166] In one example, each LTF subsequence in the plurality of LTF subsequences is based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having an 80 MHz channel bandwidth. For example, the LTF sequence may be based on Figure 8 , 10 , 12 and 14 generate one of the EHT-LTF sequences.

[0167] At block 1906, a wireless packet including an LTF and a data field may be transmitted to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel.

[0168] In one implementation, the length of the symbol duration corresponding to each symbol of the LTF sequence is one-fourth of the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and wherein the concatenation is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 3.2 μs plus a guard interval (GI), and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. In a certain implementation, the GI may be 0.8 μs or 1.6 μs. In this example, the symbol duration may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. Figure 8 and 9 The LTF sequence is generated by using a phase rotation value s, where the phase rotation value s is selected to reduce or minimize the PAPR of the LTF transmission.

[0169] In another implementation, the length of the symbol duration corresponding to each symbol of the LTF sequence is half the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and the concatenation is a sequence formed by concatenating the first LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences, the second LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences, the third LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences, and the fourth LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences of the multiple LTF subsequences. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence can be 6.4 μs plus a guard interval (GI), and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field can be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. In a certain implementation, the GI can be 0.8 μs or 1.6 μs. In this example, the symbol duration can be 6.4 μs plus a guard interval (GI). Fig.10 and 11 The LTF sequence is generated by using a phase rotation value q, where the phase rotation value q is selected to reduce or minimize the PAPR of the LTF transmission.

[0170] In yet another implementation, the symbol duration corresponding to each symbol of the LTF sequence is the same as the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and wherein the concatenation is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences in any order, wherein adjacent LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences have k padded zeros between them. For example, the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval (GI), and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. In a certain implementation, the GI may be 0.8 μs or 3.2 μs. In this example, the duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence may be 12.8 μs plus a guard interval. Fig.12 and 13 or Fig.14 and 15 The LTF sequence is generated by using a phase rotation value n, where the phase rotation value n is selected to reduce or minimize the PAPR of the LTF transmission.

[0171] Fig. 20 is a flow diagram illustrating an example method 2000 operable at a wireless communication device supporting a training field for communication over a large bandwidth channel that may achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio. Fig. 20 The method described in the foregoing may receive as part of the transmission Figure 8-17 The LTF sequence(s) explained in .

[0172] At block 2002, a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field is received via a first channel having a 320 MHz total channel bandwidth or a 240 MHz total channel bandwidth.

[0173] In box 2004, an LTF sequence is detected within the group, the LTF sequence is based on a cascade of multiple LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than a total channel bandwidth of a first channel, and one or more LTF subsequences of the multiple LTF subsequences are selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio.

[0174] At block 2006, a data field is received based on the detected LTF sequence.

[0175] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0176] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, comprising: generating a data field for transmission using a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; obtaining a long training field (LTF) sequence, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of multiple LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more LTF subsequences of the multiple LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; and transmitting a wireless packet including the LTF sequence and a data field to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel.

[0177] Aspect 2: The method as described in Aspect 1, wherein each LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences is based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having an 80 MHz channel bandwidth.

[0178] Aspect 3: A method as described in Aspect 1 or 2, wherein the length of the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is one quarter of the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0179] Aspect 4: A method as described in any one of Aspects 1, 2 or 3, wherein the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is 3.2 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field is 12.8 μs plus the guard interval.

[0180] Aspect 5: A method as described in any one of Aspects 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein one or more LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set s = [s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] for the multiple LTF subsequences, and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

[0181] Aspect 6: A method as described in any one of Aspects 3, 4 or 5, wherein the first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

[0182] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 5 or 6, wherein the phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3s4 s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1].

[0183] Aspect 8: A method as described in any one of Aspects 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein the first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0, +1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,0 ,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0 ,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0, 0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0 ,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1 ,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1, 0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1 ,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+ 1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0, –1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0 ,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+ ,1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}.

[0184] Aspect 9: A method as described in Aspect 1 or 2, wherein the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is the same as the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0185] Aspect 10: A method as described in Aspect 1, 2 or 9, wherein one or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set n = [n1 n2 n3 n4n5 n6 n7 n8] for the multiple LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and the first LTF subsequence = {n1*LTF-A, 0, n2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {n3*LTF-A, 0, n4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {n5*LTF-A, 0, n6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {n7*LTF-A, 0, n8*LTF-B}.

[0186] Aspect 11: A wireless communication device, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code, the processor-readable code being configured, when executed by the at least one processor, to: generate a data field for transmission using a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; obtain a long training field (LTF) sequence, the LTF sequence being based on a cascade of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; and transmit a wireless packet comprising an LTF sequence and a data field to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel.

[0187] Aspect 12: A wireless communication device as described in Aspect 11, wherein the length of the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is one quarter of the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0188] Aspect 13: A wireless communication device as described in any one of Aspects 11 or 12, wherein one or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set s = [s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] for the multiple LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and the first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

[0189] Aspect 14: The wireless communication device according to Aspect 13, wherein the phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1].

[0190] Aspect 15: A wireless communication device according to any one of Aspects 12, 13 or 14, wherein the first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,– ... 0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1 ,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+ 1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0, –1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0 ,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0 ,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0, 0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0 ,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1, 0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1 ,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+ 1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0 ,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}.

[0191] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, comprising: receiving a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field via a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; detecting the LTF sequence within the packet, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; and receiving the data field based on the detected LTF sequence.

[0192] Aspect 17: A method as described in Aspect 16, wherein each LTF subsequence of the multiple LTF subsequences is based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having an 80 MHz channel bandwidth.

[0193] Aspect 18: A method as described in any one of Aspects 16 or 17, wherein the length of the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF is one quarter of the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0194] Aspect 19: A method as described in any one of Aspects 16, 17 or 18, wherein the symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is 3.2 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field is 12.8 μs plus the guard interval.

[0195] Aspect 20: A method as described in any one of Aspects 18 or 19, wherein one or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set s = [s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7s8], wherein each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

[0196] Aspect 21: A method as described in any one of Aspects 18, 19 or 20, wherein the first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

[0197] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 or 21, wherein the phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1].

[0198] Aspect 23: A method as described in any one of Aspects 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22, wherein the first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0 ,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1, 0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1 ,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,– 1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0, +1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0 ,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; ,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0, 0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0 ,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1, 0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1. ,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+ 1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1 ,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}.

[0199] Aspect 24: A method as described in Aspect 16, wherein the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is the same as the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0200] Aspect 25: A method as described in any one of Aspects 16 or 24, wherein one or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set n = [n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 n8] for the multiple LTF subsequences, and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and the first LTF subsequence = {n1*LTF-A, 0, n2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {n3*LTF-A, 0, n4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {n5*LTF-A, 0, n6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {n7*LTF-A, 0, n8*LTF-B}.

[0201] Aspect 26: A wireless communication device, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code, the processor-readable code being configured, when executed by the at least one processor, to: receive a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field via a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; detect the LTF sequence within the packet, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than the total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; and receive the data field based on the detected LTF.

[0202] Aspect 27: A method as described in Aspect 26, wherein the length of the codeword duration of each codeword of the LTF is one quarter of the codeword duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

[0203] Aspect 28: A method as described in any one of Aspects 26 or 27, wherein one or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set s = [s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7s8], wherein each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and the first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; the second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; the third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and the fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

[0204] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 27 or 28, wherein the phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1].

[0205] Aspect 30: A method as described in any one of Aspects 27, 29 or 29, wherein: the first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0 ,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0, 0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0 ,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1, 0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1 ,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+ 1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and the second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0, +1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0 ,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0 ,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0, 0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0 ,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0 ,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}.

[0206] As used herein, unless explicitly indicated otherwise, "or" is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense. For example, "a or b" may include only a, only b, or a combination of a and b. As used herein, a phrase that refers to "at least one" or "one or more" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including individual members. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover the following examples: only a, only b, only c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and a combination of a, b, and c.

[0207] The various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents. This interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of their functionality and is illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0208] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the universal principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0209] In addition, various features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Thus, while features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may in some cases be removed from the combination, and a claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination, or a variation of a subcombination.

[0210] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a particular order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all the illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow chart or a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted may be incorporated into the example processes schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously or between any illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of various system components in the implementation described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, comprising: generating a data field for transmission using a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; obtaining a long training field (LTF) sequence, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than a total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; as well as A wireless packet including the LTF sequence and the data field is transmitted to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: Each LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences is based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having an 80 MHz channel bandwidth.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The length of the symbol duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is one quarter of the symbol duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein: The symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is 3.2 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field is 12.8 μs plus the guard interval.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences among the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6s7 s8] for the plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: The first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: The phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4s5 s6 s7s8]=[1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1].

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: The first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and, The second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}。 9. The method of claim 1, wherein: The symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is the same as the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and the concatenation is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6n7 n8] for the plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and The first LTF subsequence = {n1*LTF-A, 0, n2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {n3*LTF-A, 0, n4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {n5*LTF-A, 0, n6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {n7*LTF-A, 0, n8*LTF-B}.

11. A wireless communication device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, is configured to: generating a data field for transmission using a first channel having a total channel bandwidth of 320 MHz or a total channel bandwidth of 240 MHz; obtaining a long training field (LTF) sequence, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is smaller than a total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; as well as A wireless packet including the LTF sequence and the data field is transmitted to at least one second wireless communication device via the first channel.

12. The wireless communication device according to claim 11, wherein: The length of the symbol duration of each codeword of the LTF sequence is one quarter of the symbol duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

13. The wireless communication device according to claim 12, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8] for the plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and The first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

14. The wireless communication device according to claim 13, wherein: The phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1].

15. The wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein: The first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and, The second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}。 16. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, comprising: receiving a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field via a first channel having a 320 MHz total channel bandwidth or a 240 MHz total channel bandwidth; detecting the LTF sequence within the packet, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is less than a total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; as well as The data field is received based on the detected LTF sequence.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein: Each LTF subsequence of the plurality of LTF subsequences is based on a high efficiency (HE) LTF (HE-LTF) sequence for a subchannel having an 80 MHz channel bandwidth.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein: The length of the symbol duration of each codeword of the LTF is one quarter of the symbol duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein: The symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is 3.2 μs plus a guard interval, and the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field is 12.8 μs plus the guard interval.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated among the multiple LTF subsequences are based on a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6s7 s8], and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein: The first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein: The phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3s4 s5 s6 s7s8]=[1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1].

23. The method of claim 22, wherein: The first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and, The second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}。 24. The method of claim 16, wherein: The symbol duration of each symbol of the LTF sequence is the same as the symbol duration of each symbol of the data field, and the concatenation is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set n=[n1 n2 n3 n4 n5n6 n7 n8] for the plurality of LTF subsequences, and each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and The first LTF subsequence = {n1*LTF-A, 0, n2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {n3*LTF-A, 0, n4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {n5*LTF-A, 0, n6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {n7*LTF-A, 0, n8*LTF-B}.

26. A wireless communication device, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, is configured to: receiving a wireless packet including a long training field (LTF) sequence and a data field via a first channel having a 320 MHz total channel bandwidth or a 240 MHz total channel bandwidth; detecting the LTF within the packet, the LTF sequence being based on a concatenation of a plurality of LTF subsequences, each LTF subsequence being associated with a channel bandwidth that is less than a total channel bandwidth of the first channel, one or more of the plurality of LTF subsequences being selectively phase rotated to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio; as well as The data field is received based on the detected LTF.

27. The wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein: The length of the symbol duration of each codeword of the LTF is one quarter of the symbol duration of each codeword of the data field, and wherein the cascade is a sequence formed by concatenating a first LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a second LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, a third LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences, and a fourth LTF subsequence among the multiple LTF subsequences in any order, wherein there are k padding zeros between adjacent LTF subsequences among the multiple LTF subsequences.

28. The wireless communication device of claim 27, wherein: One or more LTF subsequences of the plurality of LTF subsequences that are selectively phase rotated are based on a phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8], wherein each LTF subsequence is based on a first LTF base sequence LTF-A and a second LTF base sequence LTF-B, and The first LTF subsequence = {s1*LTF-A, 0, s2*LTF-B}; The second LTF subsequence = {s3*LTF-A, 0, s4*LTF-B}; The third LTF subsequence = {s5*LTF-A, 0, s6*LTF-B}; and The fourth LTF subsequence = {s7*LTF-A, 0, s8*LTF-B}.

29. The wireless communication device of claim 28, wherein: The phase rotation value set s=[s1 s2 s3 s4s5 s6 s7 s8]=[1 1 1 1-1-1-1-1].

30. The wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein: The first LTF base sequence LTF-A is: {–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0}; and, The second LTF base sequence LTF-B is: {0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0, 0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,–1,0,0,0,+1,0,0,0,+1}。

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