Utility vehicle with battery housing

Abstract

The invention relates to a utility vehicle, in particular a trailer (20) for coupling to a semi-trailer vehicle, comprising a chassis (21), which is formed, for example, from cross-beams and longitudinal members and on the underside (22) of which at least one, in particular two or three trailer axles (23) are arranged, wherein the at least one trailer axle (23) is equipped with an electric drive unit (25) for driving and decelerating the utility vehicle (20), and comprises at least one battery housing (10) arranged on the underside (22) for accommodating at least one battery module. According to the invention, the battery housing (10) is connected to the chassis (21), the battery housing (10) being mounted on the chassis (21) such that it is mechanically decoupled from the chassis (21) of the trailer (20).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a utility vehicle, in particular a trailer, having a battery housing according to the preamble of claim 1 .

[0002] Trailers (or semitrailers) are used for transport and work purposes, for example in road transport or agriculture. They have long been considered non-motorized utility vehicles and are usually mounted on saddle pins on the fifth wheel hitch of a diesel engine tractor and towed. Trailers have a chassis consisting of crossbeams and longitudinal members and are usually multi-axle (usually 2 to 3 axles).

[0003] As electromobility continues to develop, the concept of equipping trailers with additional drive units to support the tractor vehicle has emerged. For example, one, two or three trailer axles can be equipped with an electric motor / transmission unit. This makes it possible to support the tractor vehicle's drive and deceleration phases as required, thus increasing the utility vehicle's overall energy efficiency.

[0004] Due to the nature of the system, the energy supply for this trailer requires large high-voltage battery modules. The high-voltage battery modules must be stored safely on the trailer chassis.

[0005] In this case, problems arise particularly with regard to the installation space. In addition, battery storage devices must meet higher safety requirements due to the high-voltage components. In addition, the requirements on the structural integrity of the battery housing are also high. The battery modules accommodated in the battery housing must be effectively protected from environmental influences such as moisture and dust. The protection of the electrical components and the electromagnetic shielding of the electrical components require very rigid structures. However, in terms of requirements, the chassis of the trailer has greater degrees of freedom than the battery housing. In particular, the chassis with less torsion stiffness poses major challenges for the connection of the rigid battery housing.

[0006] In the prior art, various designs for the battery housing and fastening structures for holding and fixing the battery housing to the underside of the trailer chassis are proposed.

[0007] Among them, for example, embodiments are proposed that provide for direct integral adhesive fixing of the battery housing to the trailer chassis. In addition, embodiments can be identified that, for example, telescopic fastening elements are provided directly on the trailer chassis for holding the battery housing in the vertical direction of the vehicle, by means of which the battery housing is fixed to the trailer chassis.

[0008] However, the solutions proposed in the prior art have various disadvantages, in particular for trailers with electric auxiliary drives. For example, dynamic driving loads lead to movements and / or torsion and / or vibrations on the trailer chassis, which are directly transmitted to the battery housing. This leads to instability of the entire battery housing structure. In addition, the battery housing solutions proposed in the prior art are not adequately protected from environmental influences. This, in turn, also means that the environment of the battery housing is also affected by the high-voltage components of the high-voltage battery module, for example by electromagnetic fields.

[0009] Furthermore, the proposed solutions are not rigid enough and are often relatively heavy, wherein the proposed battery housing can only accommodate a certain predefined battery size. Due to the angular outer structure and the relatively large outer dimensions of the battery housing, the drag on the underside of the chassis is also increased. Furthermore, the battery housing does not provide adequate side impact or underbody protection and can deform significantly in the event of an impact. This in turn can cause the battery housing to tear off from the chassis.

[0010] It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved battery housing for a utility vehicle, particularly a powered trailer.

[0011] The essential features of the invention are given in the characterizing part of claim 1. Embodiments are the subject matter of claims 2 to 20.

[0012] In a utility vehicle, in particular a trailer for coupling to a tractor unit, comprising a chassis, which is formed, for example, by cross members and longitudinal members and on whose underside at least one, in particular two or three trailer axles are arranged, wherein at least one trailer axle is equipped with an electric drive unit for driving and decelerating the utility vehicle or trailer and comprises at least one battery housing arranged on the underside for accommodating at least one battery module, according to the invention, the battery housing is connected to the chassis, in particular to its longitudinal members, wherein the battery housing is mounted on the chassis in such a way that it is mechanically decoupled from the chassis of the trailer.

[0013] Due to the mounting of the battery housing on the chassis according to the invention, the battery housing is mechanically decoupled from the remaining elements of the utility vehicle. For example, a so-called silent mounting can be arranged between the chassis and the battery housing. This prevents the dynamic driving loads from being transmitted to the battery structure. This leads to a significant increase in the mechanical strength and stability of the battery housing area. At the same time, this measure improves the overall driving dynamics of the utility vehicle or the drive trailer.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the trailer has a leg for coupling and uncoupling on the bottom side of the chassis, wherein the battery housing is arranged in the space between the leg and the trailer axle. The space is formed in particular between the foremost trailer axle and the leg in the longitudinal and vehicle transverse direction. Due to the space-saving aspect, the intermediate space is particularly suitable for the arrangement of the battery housing and the connection to the electric drive. The foremost trailer axle is the trailer axle which is closest to the leg when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Preferably, the battery housing extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle so that substantially the entire space between the leg and the foremost trailer axle in the longitudinal and vehicle transverse direction is filled by the battery housing.

[0015] In this case, it is particularly preferred that the geometric dimensions of the battery housing are adapted to the geometric dimensions of the chassis and in particular to the geometric dimensions of the outer edge of the chassis. All legal requirements are thus taken into account, in particular the ECE R-73 regulation issued by the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) on the requirements to be met by side impact protection. Preferably, the side impact protection can be integrated into the battery housing. This saves additional installation space and the sides of the battery housing are additionally reinforced.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the battery housing has a cage structure for accommodating battery modules, wherein the cage structure is modular. Modularity in the sense of the invention means, in particular, that the entire cage structure is divided into individual modules, which can be connected together or interact with each other via corresponding interfaces if the form and function of these modules are suitable. This creates a modular system suitable for different battery sizes. Conversely, this also means that individual modules of the cage structure can be replaced by alternative modules depending on the application. Modules that determine the basic frame or outer frame of the cage structure can be retained so that, for example, the size of the interior space of the battery housing in the vertical direction of the vehicle can be adapted in a cost-effective and relatively low effort.

[0017] The modular cage structure preferably has a frame consisting of transverse and longitudinal elements, wherein the modular cage structure has a lower frame consisting of transverse and longitudinal elements arranged parallel to the frame. Further preferably, the upper and lower frames of the modular cage structure are detachably fixed together in their corner regions by four corner traverses, wherein the corner traverses are arranged between the upper and lower frames and extend in the vertical direction of the vehicle. The corner traverses are preferably replaceable in a modular manner depending on the battery capacity and energy requirements, wherein the upper and lower frames can be used universally for every possible corner traverse. This means that, for example, shorter corner traverses can be used if fewer battery modules need to be accommodated.

[0018] Preferably, when the frame and the corner traversers are fixed, the modular cage structure has two longitudinal walls extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, wherein when fixed, the modular cage structure has two transverse walls extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle. Universally available upper and lower frames, interchangeable corner traversers and the longitudinal and transverse walls of the modular cage structure formed in the fixed state create a solid basic frame and an inner area for accommodating the battery modules. At the same time, the corner traversers strengthen the frame structure of the battery housing.

[0019] According to a further preferred embodiment, the invention provides that the modular cage structure has a front attachment structure for improving the aerodynamics of the trailer, wherein the front attachment structure is formed by an extension of the longitudinal wall. Preferably, the front attachment structure and therefore the extension on the longitudinal wall extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle up to the support foot. This counteracts the increased air resistance and pressure gradient on the bottom side of the fluid-loaded transverse wall region of the modular cage structure, since less air flow and turbulence reaches the fluid-loaded transverse wall of the battery housing through the front attachment structure. As a result, the flow is advantageously guided along the front attachment structure and the longitudinal walls of the modular cage structure.

[0020] According to another preferred embodiment, the front attachment structure of the modular cage structure is formed by an upper frame extension and a lower frame extension, which are detachably fixed to the longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames, wherein the upper and lower frame extensions are fixed with shortened side wall elements. Preferably, the shortened side wall elements are arranged parallel to the corner traversers of the upper and lower frame extensions. Preferably, the shortened side wall elements are shorter relative to the height of the corner traversers. This leads to an inclined profile on the bottom side of the battery housing, which further optimizes aerodynamics and airflow. Due to the shorter design of the side wall elements, in particular the lower frame extensions extend not only in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle like the upper frame extensions, but also in the vertical direction of the vehicle. Alternatively, further shapes and elements can be formed on the front attachment structure and / or on the relevant areas of the battery housing to reduce air resistance. Together with the longitudinal walls, the front attachment structure formed by the upper and lower extensions also forms a safe side impact or underbody protection device that meets legal requirements.

[0021] In another preferred embodiment, the modular cage structure has a rear mounting structure for holding and connecting auxiliary battery units. These can include power converters, voltage converters, control elements, battery management devices, etc. Preferably, the rear mounting structure is formed by upper and lower frame extensions, which are removably fixed to the longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames, wherein the upper and lower frame extensions are removably fixed to the rear mounting frame consisting of transverse and vertical elements. This advantageously creates a rear receiving area on the battery housing, which can be used to hold and store the battery subassemblies and protect them as much as possible from adverse effects. The rear mounting structure also strengthens and reinforces the modular cage structure. Due to the selected positioning, the auxiliary unit is advantageously arranged between the electric drive unit and the battery module. This greatly simplifies the connection of the corresponding connecting lines. The rear attachment structure formed by the upper and lower frame extensions simultaneously forms a safe side impact or underbody protection device together with the longitudinal walls and the front attachment structure, which meets legal requirements and extends in particular in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle between the legs of the trailer and the trailer axle.

[0022] In another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames are detachably fastened together by at least two, preferably at least three, side wall traversers arranged in the region of the longitudinal walls, wherein the side wall traversers are arranged between the upper and lower frames and extend in the vertical direction of the vehicle. The side wall traversers strengthen the modular cage structure and also protect the battery modules arranged inside the battery housing in the region of the side impact protection. In terms of mechanical strength, a central arrangement in the region of the longitudinal walls has proven to be particularly advantageous, since the greatest bending stresses are expected to occur in this region.

[0023] Preferably, all corner traversers and side wall traversers can each have two reinforcing elements arranged at the connection points with the upper and lower frames, wherein the reinforcing elements are in particular triangular in shape. It is further preferred that one leg of the triangular reinforcing element rests on the corner traversers and the side wall traversers, while the other leg of the triangular reinforcing element rests on the upper and lower frames of the cage structure. The reinforcing elements improve the introduction and transmission of forces in particular in the region of the corner traversers and the side wall traversers. Dynamically occurring loads can thus be transmitted via the frame of the modular cage structure to the individual traversers without mechanical stress peaks occurring in the transition region.

[0024] In order to be able to store the connecting wires in a compact and suitable manner without affecting the interior space for accommodating the battery modules, the modular cage structure preferably has at least two guide elements on each of its longitudinal walls for guiding and storing the connecting wires, wherein the guide elements are detachably fixed to the side wall traversers of the longitudinal walls and to the longitudinal elements of the frame. Preferably, the connecting wires are arranged along the longitudinal and transverse walls and around the battery modules arranged inside the battery housing. The connecting wires are preferably hook-shaped and are arranged around the battery modules so that the shortest path along the transverse and longitudinal walls towards the rear mounting structure is selected from the individual battery modules. The connecting wires can then be connected to the individual battery modules in the region of the rear mounting structure.

[0025] In order to strengthen the bottom of the battery housing and create a stable foundation for supporting the battery modules and further reinforcing the cage structure, the modular cage structure preferably has an intermediate longitudinal member, which is arranged parallel to the longitudinal elements of the lower frame, wherein the intermediate longitudinal member rests on the transverse elements of the lower frame at its end faces and is fixed. Further preferably, the intermediate longitudinal member is designed to match the shape of the transverse elements of the lower frame at the end faces. This allows the intermediate longitudinal member to define or partially surround the lower frame in the vertical and vehicle longitudinal direction and rest on the lower frame. When the intermediate longitudinal member is fixed, this creates a tight fit through corresponding surface pressure. The intermediate longitudinal member divides the interior of the battery housing into two equal-sized areas for modularly accommodating battery modules between the provided crossbars.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one further side wall traverser is arranged centrally in the region of the transverse walls of the modular cage structure, wherein the side wall traverser is detachably fastened to the transverse and longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames vertically and flush with the central longitudinal member in the transverse direction of the vehicle. The additional side wall traverser particularly strengthens the transverse walls of the cage structure. A single side wall traverser is sufficient, since the transverse walls are relatively short anyway and therefore have a higher rigidity. This saves material and manufacturing costs. At the same time, the overall weight of the cage structure is reduced due to the savings.

[0027] According to another preferred embodiment, the invention provides that the modular cage structure has at least two lateral longitudinal members, which are arranged parallel to and adjacent to the longitudinal elements of the frame, wherein the lateral longitudinal members rest on the transverse elements of the upper frame and are fixed on their end faces. Further preferably, the lateral longitudinal members are designed to match the shape of the transverse elements of the upper frame on the end faces. This allows the lateral longitudinal members to delimit the upper frame in the vertical and vehicle longitudinal direction and to rest partially on the upper frame. The lateral longitudinal members are advantageously suitable for being fixed on the bottom side of the chassis and carrying a large part of the battery housing or the modular cage structure. Due to the lateral offset arrangement of the lateral longitudinal members relative to the intermediate longitudinal members, a mechanical balance is achieved and the modular cage structure is additionally reinforced in the longitudinal wall area. Preferably, the central and lateral members of the modular cage structure can be stronger than the corner and side wall traverse members.

[0028] Preferably, the modular cage structure provides at least eight, preferably at least sixteen crossbars for modular accommodation and fixation of battery modules, which extend in the transverse direction of the vehicle and are detachably fixed to the corner traverse members and / or the side wall traverse members. Preferably, the crossbars are arranged at constant intervals in the vertical direction of the vehicle. This allows the battery modules to be laterally fixed to the crossbars and stacked on top of each other. Overall, the large number of crossbars, side wall traverse members and corner traverse members creates a very rigid cage structure, forming a mechanical frame. The battery modules positioned inside are effectively protected by the mechanical truss structure in the event of an impact.

[0029] It is particularly preferred that the crossbar extends in the vehicle transverse direction up to the middle longitudinal member, wherein the middle longitudinal member has at least two side wall traversers for fastening the crossbar. This preferred design means that the crossbar is shorter in the vehicle transverse direction, which additionally reinforces the entire modular cage structure. The two side wall traversers of the middle longitudinal member are preferably arranged opposite the two side wall traversers of the longitudinal wall. As a result, the force distribution is more uniform and the crossbar is guided straight and cleanly parallel to the transverse elements of the upper and lower frames.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate longitudinal member and the lateral longitudinal members are identical to one another. Preferably, all four corner traversers of the modular cage structure are identical to one another. Further preferably, all side wall traversers of the modular cage structure are formed identically to one another. Above all, this supports simple production and simple assembly of the battery housing. The fact that the individual modules or elements are identical to one another means that no special positioning or pre-adjustment is required during assembly. At the same time, production effort and production costs are saved. This also provides the possibility of equipping the modular cage structure with additional traversers as required or of intentionally omitting traversers.

[0031] Preferably, the modular cage structure is fastened with a metal plate on the side of the lower frame and the intermediate longitudinal members facing away from the bottom side of the chassis, wherein the metal plate has an opening on its side facing the bottom side for fastening further cage structure elements. The metal plate is preferably arranged perpendicular to the transverse and longitudinal walls of the modular cage structure and forms the basis of the battery housing. The opening is advantageously suitable for fastening purposes, since the lowest crossbar for holding the battery modules can also be fastened to the metal plate. The metal plate also creates a secure foundation for the interior of the cage structure.

[0032] According to another preferred embodiment, the modular cage structure has a cover side parallel to the metal sheet. In this case, it is particularly preferred that the cover side, the longitudinal and transverse walls and the front and rear attachment structures of the modular cage structure are covered with a metal sheet coating. This measure provides all-round protection for the battery housing or the modular cage structure. The metal sheet coating forms a closed interior, which advantageously ensures optimal shielding of the battery housing and protects the interior and the battery modules arranged therein from dirt, moisture, dust, heat, UV radiation, vibrations, etc. The metal sheet coating can also protect the battery modules from side impacts. In addition, the metal sheet coating creates a so-called Faraday cage. A Faraday cage is a housing made of an electrical conductor (in this case a metal sheet coating) that is closed on all sides and acts as an electrical or electromagnetic shield. In the case of an external static or quasi-static electric field, the internal area remains free due to the induction field. In the case of time-varying processes (such as electromagnetic waves), the shielding effect is based on eddy currents formed in the conductive metal sheet coating, which counteract the external electromagnetic field. This also significantly protects the environment of the battery housing from electromagnetic radiation and other influences. Otherwise, the environment of the battery housing would be exposed to strong electromagnetic radiation due to the high-voltage components inside. In addition, the sheet metal cladding also ensures that the legal requirements for side impact protection are met, especially in the region of the longitudinal walls of the modular cage structure. Preferably, the sheet metal cladding can include at least one light metal material. The modular cage structure and all its individual modules also preferably include at least one light metal material. In addition to the shielding effect, this also optimizes the weight of the battery housing.

[0033] In order to achieve optimal electromagnetic shielding while optimally protecting the interior of the battery housing from external influences, it is preferred according to one embodiment of the invention that the sheet metal cladding and the cage structure are additionally sealed at all cuts and contact points. Preferably, the relevant points are sealed with a weather-resistant adhesive sealant, in particular with Sikaflex. This ensures that the structure remains securely sealed even in conditions of increased humidity and adverse weather conditions. Alternatively, a body sealing tape can also be used to seal the relevant areas.

[0034] According to a further important embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the modular cage structure to be designed to be suspended on the longitudinal members of the chassis, wherein, in the suspended state of the cage structure, the distance between the lateral longitudinal members in the transverse direction of the vehicle is greater than the distance between two longitudinal members of the chassis. This design is particularly suitable from a structural and mechanical point of view. Since the chassis of the trailer has several cross members between its longitudinal members, the installation space is correspondingly limited. Due to the greater distance between the lateral longitudinal members, the battery housing can be suspended via the lateral longitudinal members and fixed to the chassis.

[0035] In order to safely suspend and fix the modular cage structure or the battery housing, at least three, preferably at least four fixing elements are preferably provided on each lateral longitudinal member on the longitudinal members of the chassis, wherein the fixing elements are distributed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and are arranged at equal distances on the lateral longitudinal members. Preferably, the fixing elements are arranged on the lateral longitudinal members opposite to each other on an axis along the transverse direction of the vehicle. Preferably, each fixing element has at least four claws, wherein the claws at least partially surround the lateral longitudinal members. The partially enclosed claws of the fixing elements produce a particularly safe and secure fit on the lateral longitudinal members. The fact that the individual fixing elements are fixed on the lateral longitudinal members opposite to each other and at equal intervals produces a uniform mechanical suspension on the longitudinal members of the chassis.

[0036] In this case, it is further preferred that a receiving profile corresponding to the fixing element is fixed to the longitudinal members of the chassis, wherein the receiving profile is arranged parallel to the bottom side and extends from the longitudinal members of the chassis in the direction of the longitudinal wall. Preferably, a corresponding mounting plate is fixed to the fixing element, wherein the mounting plate is arranged parallel to the bottom side of the chassis and extends from the fixing element in the direction of the longitudinal members of the chassis. The fact that the receiving profile and the mounting plate protrude from each other results in a safe mounting and suspension by the mounting plate of the fixing element. When suspending the cage structure, the special arrangement allows the mounting plate to be placed and fixed to the silent block quickly, easily and with a positive fit. As a result, the weight load of the entire battery housing is uniformly absorbed by the fixing elements and the lateral longitudinal members, and the transmission of vibrations and oscillations is minimized.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the mounting plate has a reinforcing strut on its upper side, wherein the mounting plate is connected to the fixing element via a lateral groove extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle. Preferably, the fixing element has a groove-shaped recess corresponding to the lateral groove of the mounting plate. This effectively simplifies the installation and adjustment of the mounting plate.

[0038] In order to ensure simple and safe mechanical decoupling of the battery housing from the trailer chassis, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a silent block for the mechanical decoupling of the battery housing is fixed in the receiving profile, wherein the mounting plate is placed on the silent block in a form-fitting manner and is detachably fixed to the silent block. Silent blocks are relatively inexpensive connecting elements and are particularly suitable for current installations. They usually have a rubber intermediate layer. This effectively dampens movements and vibrations that occur between the battery housing and the trailer chassis during driving dynamics. In contrast to so-called silent bushings (also called rubber mounts), silent blocks do not contain any pivot bearings and therefore do not allow any rotational movements between the connected parts. The silent block preferably has a base plate for insertion into the receiving profile.

[0039] Preferably, the receiving profile has a mounting plate and two side skirts, wherein the side skirts have a groove-shaped recess formed perpendicular to the longitudinal members of the chassis. The groove-shaped recess can be used to insert and fix the receiving profile in the transverse direction of the vehicle to a suitable part of the longitudinal members of the chassis. This results in a firm fit of the receiving profile on the side members. Preferably, the receiving profile can be a welded structure. Further preferably, the base plate of the silent block rests on the mounting plates of the receiving profile and is detachably fixed to them, wherein the base plate extends in particular in the vertical direction of the vehicle and is stronger than the mounting plates of the receiving profile. The base plate of the silent block stabilizes the installation and provides a solid basis for the suspension of the mounting plate and the fixing elements. They increase the mechanical strength values ​​of the battery housing suspension area.

[0040] According to a further preferred embodiment, the battery module is a high-voltage traction battery module, wherein the high-voltage traction battery module can achieve an operating voltage of at least 600 V, preferably at least 800 V. Utility vehicles have a very high system weight, which is why powerful high-voltage traction battery modules must be used to ensure a sufficient energy supply for the electric traction drive. At the same time, due to the high voltage level, the current intensity can be reduced in stages when the battery module is charged and / or discharged. Avoiding current peaks has a particularly positive effect on the stress factor of the battery module, which means that the battery module is protected as much as possible. Overall, depending on the route profile and the load of the trailer, this measure can have a positive effect on the service life of the battery module.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the high-voltage traction battery modules are fixed to the crossbar in the vertical direction of the vehicle and arranged to be stacked on top of each other, wherein each high-voltage traction battery module has an energy capacity of at least 30 kWh, preferably at least 33.33 kWh. In view of the limited installation space on the underside of the chassis and the current state of development of battery technology, this provides sufficient electrical energy for the trailer drive.

[0042] According to another preferred embodiment, the modular cage structure can accommodate up to three layers stacked on top of each other in the vertical direction of the vehicle via crossbars, with up to six high-voltage traction battery modules per layer. Preferably, each high-voltage traction battery module can have an energy capacity of at least 33.33 kWh.

[0043] According to a preferred specific embodiment, the invention provides that the modular cage structure has three layers stacked on top of each other in the vertical direction of the vehicle, each layer having six high-voltage traction battery modules. Preferably, the total energy capacity of the eighteen high-voltage traction battery modules is 600 kWh. Each individual high-voltage traction battery module of the eighteen high-voltage traction battery modules preferably has an energy capacity of 33.33 kWh. In this design variant, a total of four corner traverses, ten side wall traverses, namely six side wall traverses on the longitudinal walls and four side wall traverses at the height of the intermediate longitudinal member, and sixteen crossbars are provided. The crossbars preferably extend between the longitudinal walls and the intermediate longitudinal member. This configuration ensures that the available installation space is fully and optimally utilized. As a result, sufficient energy capacity is achieved for a fully loaded trailer. In addition, this configuration achieves maximum stiffness values ​​because the maximum number of traverses is installed.

[0044] According to another preferred special embodiment, the modular cage structure has two layers stacked on top of each other in the vertical direction of the vehicle, each layer having five high-voltage traction battery modules. Preferably, the total energy capacity of the ten high-voltage traction battery modules is 300 kWh. Each individual high-voltage traction battery module of the total ten high-voltage traction battery modules preferably has an energy capacity of 30 kWh. This configuration reveals the advantageous modularity of the invention. According to this embodiment variant, the corner traversers and the side wall traversers are preferably shorter in the vertical direction of the vehicle. This saves installation space and material costs. The upper and lower frames are preferably universal, i.e. the elements of the upper and lower frames of the modular cage structure are suitable for every possible battery housing height and can be used regardless of the size of the traversers. Since the body remains unchanged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, central and lateral longitudinal members can also be used. For example, this configuration is very suitable for use with smaller utility vehicles or trailers. This configuration can also be used for trailers that are regularly half-loaded.

[0045] Further features, details and advantages of the invention are apparent from the wording of the claims and from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a trailer with a battery housing according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2a yes Figure 1 A schematic oblique view of a modular cage structure of a battery housing;

[0048] Figure 2b yes Figure 2a A schematic oblique view of a modular cage structure with an integrated battery module;

[0049] Figure 3a is a schematic oblique view of an alternative embodiment of a modular cage structure;

[0050] Figure 3b yes Figure 3a A schematic oblique view of a cage structure with an integrated battery module;

[0051] Figure 4 yes Figure 2b A schematic oblique view of a modular cage structure with installed sheet metal cladding;

[0052] Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of a receiving profile for suspending a battery housing;

[0053] Figure 5b Yes Insert Figure 5a Schematic diagram of a silent block for suspending a battery housing in a receiving profile;

[0054] Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of a fixing element with a mounting plate for suspending a battery housing.

[0055] Figure 1 Shown is a trailer, generally designated 20 , and a battery housing, generally designated 10 , located on a chassis 21 of the trailer 20 .

[0056] The trailer 20 extends in the longitudinal direction L of the vehicle and comprises a chassis 21 formed by a crossbeam and longitudinal members. The battery housing 10 is mounted on the longitudinal members of the chassis 21 and is mechanically decoupled from the trailer 20 and the chassis 21. Three trailer axles 23 are arranged next to the battery housing 10 on the bottom side 22 of the chassis 21. The middle one of the three trailer axles 23 is equipped with an electric drive unit 25 for driving and decelerating the trailer 20. In addition, the trailer 20 has a support foot 24 for coupling and decoupling the trailer 20 on the side of the battery housing 10 opposite to the trailer axle 23, wherein the battery housing 10 is arranged in the space between the support foot 24 and the trailer axle 23. It can be seen that the battery housing 10 is located between the frontmost one of the three trailer axles 23 and the support foot 24 and substantially completely fills the intermediate space.

[0057] The battery housing 10 has a longitudinal wall S3 which merges into a front attachment structure 30 and a rear attachment structure 40. Furthermore, the battery housing 10 comprises a modular cage structure 1 for accommodating battery modules.

[0058] By adding Figure 2a and Figure 2b , the details of the modular cage structure 1 and the exact arrangement of the battery modules become apparent.

[0059] Figure 2a The basic design of a cage structure 1 is shown without an inserted battery module. The modular cage structure 1 has a frame 2 consisting of transverse and longitudinal elements, wherein the modular cage structure 1 has a lower frame 3 consisting of transverse and longitudinal elements arranged parallel to the frame 2. The upper and lower frames 2, 3 of the modular cage structure 1 are detachably fastened together in their corner regions by four corner traversers 7, wherein the corner traversers 7 are arranged between the upper and lower frames 2, 3 and extend in the vertical direction H of the vehicle.

[0060] In the fixed state, the modular cage structure 1 has two longitudinal walls S3, S4 extending in the longitudinal direction L of the vehicle and two transverse walls S1, S2 extending in the transverse direction Q of the vehicle. The dimensions of the transverse and longitudinal walls S1, S2, S3, S4 are selected so that the geometry of the battery housing 10 is adapted to the geometry of the chassis 21 and in particular to the geometry of the outer edge of the chassis.

[0061] The modular cage structure 1 has a front attachment structure 30 for improving the aerodynamics of the trailer 20, which is formed by extensions of the longitudinal walls S3, S4. The front attachment structure 30 of the modular cage structure 1 is formed by an upper frame extension 31 and a lower frame extension 33, which are detachably fastened to the longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames 2, 3. The upper and lower frame extensions 31, 33 are fastened with shortened side wall elements 32. It can be seen that the shortened side wall elements 32 are arranged parallel to the corner traversers 7 of the upper and lower frame extensions 31, 33. Due to the shorter design of the side wall elements 32, the lower frame extensions 33 of the longitudinal walls S3, S4 also extend in the longitudinal and vehicle vertical directions L, H.

[0062] The modular cage structure 1 also has a rear mounting structure 40 for holding and connecting auxiliary battery units. These may include power converters, voltage converters, control elements, battery management devices, etc. The rear mounting structure 40 is formed by an upper frame extension 41 and a lower frame extension 43, which are removably fixed to the longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames 2, 3. The rear attachment structure also has a rear attachment frame 44, which is arranged parallel to the transverse wall S2 and is removably fixed to the upper and lower frame extensions 41, 43.

[0063] The longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames 2, 3 are detachably fixed together by three side wall traversers 8 arranged centrally in the region of the longitudinal walls S3, S4. The side wall traversers 8 are arranged vertically between the upper and lower frames 2, 3 and extend in the vehicle vertical direction H. The side wall traversers 8 are arranged on the longitudinal walls S3, S4, opposite to each other on an axis.

[0064] On each corner traversing member 7 and side wall traversing member 8, two reinforcing elements 14 are provided at the connection points with the upper and lower frames 2, 3, wherein the reinforcing elements 14 are triangular in shape. One leg of each triangular reinforcing element 14 rests on the corner traversing member 7 and the side wall traversing member 8, while the other leg of the triangular reinforcing element 14 rests on the upper and lower frames 2, 3 of the modular cage structure 1.

[0065] In order to accommodate and guide the connection lines of the battery modules, the modular cage structure 1 preferably has at least two hook-shaped guide elements 9 on each of its longitudinal walls S3, S4, wherein the guide elements 9 are detachably fixed to the side wall traversers 8 of the longitudinal walls S3, S4 and the longitudinal elements of the frame 2.

[0066] Furthermore, the modular cage structure 1 has an intermediate longitudinal member 5, which is arranged parallel to the longitudinal elements of the lower frame 3 and divides the interior of the battery housing into two areas of equal size. The intermediate longitudinal member 5 rests on the end faces of the transverse elements of the lower frame 3 and is detachably fastened to these transverse elements. The shape of the intermediate longitudinal member 5 is adapted to the transverse elements of the lower frame 3. Further side wall traversers 8 are arranged centrally in the region of the transverse walls S1, S2 of the modular cage structure 1, wherein the side wall traversers 8 are detachably fastened to the transverse and longitudinal elements of the upper and lower frames 2, 3 vertically and flush with the intermediate longitudinal member 5 in the vehicle transverse direction Q.

[0067] The modular cage structure 1 also has two lateral longitudinal members 6, which are arranged parallel to and adjacent to the longitudinal elements of the frame 2, wherein the lateral longitudinal members 6 rest on their end faces on the transverse elements of the upper frame 2 and are detachably fixed. The lateral longitudinal members 6 are adapted at the ends to the shape of the transverse elements of the upper frame 2. It can be seen that the central longitudinal member 5 and the lateral longitudinal members 6 of the modular cage structure 1 are stronger than the corner and side wall traversers 7, 8 and the frame elements of the upper and lower frames 2, 3. The central longitudinal member 5 and the lateral longitudinal members 6 are identical to each other.

[0068] The modular cage structure 1 also has a metal plate 4 on the side of the lower frame 3 and the intermediate longitudinal member 5 facing away from the bottom side 22 of the chassis 21. The metal plate 4 is provided with an opening 13 for fixing further cage structure elements on its side facing the bottom side 22. The metal plate 4 is arranged perpendicular to the transverse and longitudinal walls S1, S2, S3, S4 of the modular cage structure 1 and forms the basis of the battery housing 10. Parallel to the metal plate 4 and opposite thereto, the modular cage structure 1 has a cover side S5.

[0069] Furthermore, the modular cage structure 1 is designed to be suspended on the longitudinal members of the chassis 21 and for this purpose has four fixing elements 60 on each lateral longitudinal member 6. The fixing elements 60 are distributed in the longitudinal direction L of the vehicle and are arranged at equal distances on the lateral longitudinal members 6. The fixing elements 60 are arranged on the lateral longitudinal members 6 opposite each other on an axis along the transverse direction Q of the vehicle.

[0070] By viewing together Figure 2a and Figure 2b It can be seen that the modular cage structure for holding and fixing the battery module has sixteen crossbars 12, which extend in the transverse direction Q of the vehicle and are detachably fixed to the corner traversers 7 and / or the side wall traversers 8. The crossbars 12 are arranged at constant intervals inside the cage structure 1 in the vertical direction H of the vehicle.

[0071] The battery module is a high-voltage traction battery module 50 (HV traction battery module for short). The high-voltage traction battery module 50 is detachably fixed laterally to the crossbars 12 with its lateral sides and is arranged to be stacked on top of each other. The crossbars 12 each extend up to the middle longitudinal member 5. Therefore, two further vertical side wall traversers 8 are arranged on the longitudinal member 5 in order to be able to fix the crossbars 12. The two further side wall traversers 8 of the middle longitudinal member 8 are arranged opposite the two side wall traversers 8 of the longitudinal walls S3, S4. Due to the high-voltage traction battery module 50, in Figure 2b The two other side wall traverse members 8 are not visible. Figure 2a It can be seen to some extent.

[0072] like Figure 2b As shown, the modular cage structure 1 has three layers stacked on top of each other in the vehicle vertical direction H, each layer having six high-voltage traction battery modules 50. In the exemplary embodiment shown, each individual high-voltage traction battery module 50 of the total eighteen high-voltage traction battery modules 50 has an energy capacity of 33.33 kWh. This results in a total energy capacity of 600 kWh. In addition, connecting wires 51 are arranged along the longitudinal and transverse walls of the modular cage structure 1 and surround the high-voltage traction battery modules 50 arranged inside the battery housing.

[0073] Figure 3a and Figure 3b The combined views of the battery housing 10 illustrate the modularity of the battery housing 10. These figures show a modular cage structure 1 that is shorter in the vertical direction H of the vehicle. In addition to the side wall traversers 8 and the corner traversers 7, the above Figure 2a and Figure 2b Each individual modular element of the exemplary embodiment is modular and identical. According to this exemplary embodiment, only the corner traversers 7 and the side wall traversers 8 are shorter in the vertical direction H of the vehicle.

[0074] like Figure 3b As particularly shown in FIG. 1 , the modular cage structure 1 has two layers stacked on top of each other in the vehicle vertical direction H, each layer having five high-voltage traction battery modules 50. In the exemplary embodiment shown, each individual high-voltage traction battery module 50 of a total of ten high-voltage traction battery modules 50 has an energy capacity of 30 kWh. This results in a total energy capacity of 300 kWh. In addition, the connecting wires 51 are arranged along the longitudinal and transverse walls of the modular cage structure 1 and are routed through the guide elements 9. The connecting wires 51 are routed through the guide elements 9 so that they surround the high-voltage traction battery modules 50 arranged inside the cage structure 1.

[0075] Figure 4 Shows Figure 2b The embodiment shown has an additional sheet metal housing. The high-voltage traction battery module 50 is placed inside the battery housing 10 or the modular cage structure 1. It can be seen that the transverse walls S1, S2, the longitudinal walls S3, S4, the cover side S5 and the front and rear attachment structures 30, 40 of the modular cage structure 1 are covered with a sheet metal coating 15. All cuts and contact points resulting from the coating are additionally sealed with a weather-resistant adhesive sealant.

[0076] Figure 5a to Figure 5c The detailed design of the fixing elements 60 is illustrated. Each fixing element 60 has four claws 64, wherein the claws 64 are placed in a form-fitting manner on the lateral longitudinal members 6 or at least partially surround them. The supporting profiles 62 corresponding to the fixing elements 60 are fixed to the longitudinal members of the chassis 21, wherein the receiving profiles 62 are arranged parallel to the bottom side 22 and extend from the longitudinal members of the chassis 21 in the direction of the longitudinal walls S3, S4.

[0077] A mounting plate 61 corresponding to the receiving profile 62 is fastened to the fastening element 60, wherein the mounting plate 61 is arranged parallel to the bottom side 22 of the chassis 21 and extends from the fastening element 60 in the direction of the longitudinal members of the chassis 21. The mounting plate 61 has a reinforcing strut 65 on its upper side, wherein the reinforcing strut 65 extends in the transverse direction Q of the vehicle.

[0078] A silent block 63 for mechanically decoupling the battery housing 10 is fixed in the receiving profile 62, wherein the mounting plate 61 is placed on the silent block 63 in a positive fit and is detachably fixed to them. The silent block 63 has a base plate 68, which rests on the mounting plates 69 of the receiving profile 62 and is detachably fixed to these mounting plates. The base plate 68 extends further than the mounting plates 69 of the receiving profile 68 in the vertical direction H of the vehicle and is stronger than the mounting plates 69 of the receiving profile 68.

[0079] The receiving profiles 62 each have a mounting plate 69 and two side skirts 70, wherein the side skirts 70 have a groove-shaped recess 71 formed perpendicular to the longitudinal member of the chassis 21. The groove-shaped recess 71 can be used to insert the receiving profile 62 positively in the vehicle transverse direction Q and fix it to a suitable part of the longitudinal member of the chassis 21.

[0080] The present invention is not limited to one of the above-described embodiments but can be modified in various ways.

[0081] All features and advantages arising from the claims, the description and the drawings, including design details, spatial arrangements and process steps, may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

[0082] Reference numerals list

[0083] L Vehicle longitudinal direction

[0084] Q Vehicle lateral direction

[0085] H Vehicle vertical direction

[0086] S1 lateral wall

[0087] S2 lateral wall

[0088] S3 Longitudinal wall

[0089] S4 Longitudinal wall

[0090] S5 Cover side

[0091] 1 Modular cage structure

[0092] 2 Upper frame

[0093] 3 Lower frame

[0094] 4 Metal Plate

[0095] 5 Intermediate longitudinal member

[0096] 6 Lateral longitudinal members

[0097] 7 Corner traverse element

[0098] 8 Side wall traverse

[0099] 9 Guide element

[0100] 10 Battery housing

[0101] 12 Crossbar

[0102] 13 Metal sheet opening

[0103] 14 Reinforcement elements

[0104] 15 Metal sheet cladding

[0105] 20 Trailer

[0106] 21 Chassis

[0107] 22 Bottom side

[0108] 23 Trailer Axle

[0109] 24 Support feet

[0110] 25 Electric drive unit

[0111] 30 Front attachment structure

[0112] 31 Upper frame extension

[0113] 32 Shortened side wall elements

[0114] 33 Lower frame extension (angled)

[0115] 40 Rear mounting structure

[0116] 41 Upper frame extension

[0117] 43 Lower frame extension

[0118] 44 Rear mounting frame

[0119] 50 High voltage traction battery module

[0120] 51 Battery cable

[0121] 60 Fixing elements

[0122] 61 Mounting plate

[0123] 62 Receiving profile

[0124] 63 Silent Block

[0125] 64 claws

[0126] 65 Strengthening Pillars

[0127] 68 Silent Block Base Plate

[0128] 69 Receiver Board

[0129] 70 Side Skirts

[0130] 71 Side skirt recess

Claims

1. A multi-purpose vehicle, in particular a trailer (20) for coupling with a tractor unit, the multi-purpose vehicle comprising: - a chassis (21), on the underside (22) of which at least one, in particular two or three, trailer axles (23) are arranged, wherein at least one trailer axle (23) is equipped with an electric drive unit (25) for driving and decelerating the utility vehicle (20), and at least one battery housing (10) arranged on the bottom side (22) for accommodating at least one battery module, Characterized in that the battery housing (10) is connected to the chassis (21), wherein the battery housing (10) is mounted on the chassis (21) so as to be mechanically decoupled from the chassis (21) of the trailer (20).

2. The utility vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trailer (20) has a support foot (24) on the bottom side (22) of the chassis (21) for coupling and uncoupling, wherein the battery housing (10) is arranged in the intermediate space between the support foot (24) and the trailer axle (23).

3. The multi-purpose vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The battery housing (10) has a cage structure (1) for accommodating a battery module, wherein the cage structure (1) is modularly designed.

4. The utility vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has an upper frame (2) made of transverse elements and longitudinal elements, wherein the modular cage structure (1) has a lower frame (3) made of transverse elements and longitudinal elements and arranged parallel to the upper frame (2).

5. The utility vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper frame (2) and the lower frame (3) of the modular cage structure (1) are fixed together in a detachable manner at their corner regions by four corner traverse members (7), wherein the corner traverse members (7) are arranged between the upper frame (2) and the lower frame (3) and extend in the vertical direction (H) of the vehicle.

6. The multi-purpose vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The longitudinal elements of the upper frame (2) and the lower frame (3) are detachably fixed together by at least two, preferably at least three side wall traverse elements (8) arranged centrally in the region of the longitudinal walls (S3, S4), wherein the side wall traverse elements (8) are arranged between the upper frame (2) and the lower frame (3) and extend in the vertical direction (H) of the vehicle.

7. The utility vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) provides at least eight, preferably at least sixteen cross bars (12) for modular accommodation of the battery modules, wherein the cross bars (12) extend in the vehicle transverse direction (Q) and are detachably fixed to the corner traverse members (7) and / or the side wall traverse members (8).

8. The utility vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has two longitudinal walls (S3, S4) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the vehicle when the frame and the corner traversing member are in a fixed state, wherein the modular cage structure (1) has two transverse walls (S1, S2) extending in the transverse direction (Q) of the vehicle when the frame and the corner traversing member are in a fixed state.

9. The utility vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has an intermediate longitudinal member (5), which is arranged parallel to the longitudinal elements of the lower frame (3), wherein the intermediate longitudinal member (5) rests on the end face of the transverse element of the lower frame (3) and is fixed in a detachable manner.

10. The utility vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: At least one further side wall traverser (8) is arranged centrally in the region of the transverse walls (S1, S2), wherein the side wall traverser (8) is detachably fastened to the transverse elements of the upper frame (2) and the lower frame (3) vertically and flush with the intermediate longitudinal member (5) in the transverse direction (Q) of the vehicle.

11. A utility vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has at least two lateral longitudinal members (6) which are arranged parallel to and adjacent to the longitudinal elements of the upper frame (2), wherein the lateral longitudinal members (6) rest on the end faces of the transverse elements of the upper frame (2) and are fixed in a detachable manner.

12. The utility vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has a front attachment structure (30) for improving the aerodynamics of the trailer (20), wherein the front attachment structure (30) is formed by an extension of the longitudinal walls (S3, S4) in the longitudinal direction (L) of the vehicle.

13. The utility vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) has a rear attachment structure (40) for accommodating and connecting a battery side unit, wherein the rear attachment structure (40) is formed by an extension of the longitudinal walls (S3, S4) in the longitudinal direction (L) of the vehicle.

14. A utility vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) is fastened on the floor side by a metal plate (4) to the side of the lower frame (3) facing away from the bottom side (22), wherein the metal plate (4) has an opening (13) on its side facing the bottom side (22) for fastening further cage structure elements.

15. The utility vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that: The modular cage structure has a cover side (S5) parallel to and opposite to the metal sheet (4), wherein the cover side (S5), the longitudinal walls (S3, S4) and the transverse walls (S1, S2) as well as the front attachment structure (30) and the rear attachment structure (40) of the modular cage structure (1) are covered with a metal sheet coating (15).

16. The utility vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The modular cage structure (1) is designed to be suspended on the longitudinal members of the chassis (21), wherein, in the suspended state of the cage structure, the distance between the lateral longitudinal members (6) of the cage structure in the vehicle transverse direction (Q) is greater than the distance between the two longitudinal members of the chassis (21).

17. The utility vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that: At least three, preferably at least four fixing elements (60) are provided on each lateral longitudinal member (6) of the cage structure for suspending and fixing the cage structure (1) to the longitudinal members of the chassis (21), wherein the fixing elements (60) are distributed in the longitudinal direction (L) of the vehicle and are in particular arranged at equal distances on the lateral longitudinal members (6).

18. The utility vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that: A receiving profile (62) corresponding to the fixing element (60) is fixed to the longitudinal member of the chassis (21), wherein the receiving profile (62) is arranged parallel to the bottom side (22) and extends from the longitudinal member of the chassis (21) in the direction of the longitudinal wall (S3, S4).

19. The utility vehicle according to claim 18, characterized in that: A mounting plate (61) corresponding to the receiving profile (62) is fixed to the fixing element (60), wherein the mounting plate (61) is arranged parallel to the bottom side (22) of the chassis (21) and extends from the fixing element (60) in the direction of the longitudinal member of the chassis (21).

20. The utility vehicle of claim 1, wherein: A silent block (63) for mechanically decoupling the battery housing (10) is fixed in the receiving profile (62), wherein a mounting plate (61) is placed on the silent block (63) in a form-fitting manner and is detachably fixed to the silent block.

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