Perovskite cell, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite cell, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and electric equipment, and relates to the field of photovoltaic technology. The perovskite cell comprises a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer located between a transparent substrate layer and an electrode layer, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer comprises three-dimensional perovskite and a light conversion material, and at least part of the light conversion material is distributed in grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite. The light conversion material includes at least one of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material. The technical problems that an existing perovskite cell is low in solar spectrum utilization rate and low in energy conversion efficiency can be solved.

Description

Perovskite cells, photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic power generation systems and electrical equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a perovskite cell, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system, and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite materials can effectively absorb solar energy as light-absorbing layers, but the optical band gap of the light-absorbing layer materials (such as perovskites) in traditional photovoltaic devices is fixed, so their absorption spectrum is fixed, which cannot maximize the utilization of the solar spectrum, resulting in energy loss and affecting energy conversion efficiency.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a perovskite cell, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic power generation system and an electrical device, which can improve the technical problems of low solar spectrum utilization and low energy conversion efficiency of existing perovskite cells.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite cell, comprising: a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer located between a transparent substrate layer and an electrode layer, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer comprising a three-dimensional perovskite and a photoconversion material, at least part of the photoconversion material being distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, and the photoconversion material comprising at least one of an upconversion material and a downconversion material.

[0006] In the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, a light-conversion material is introduced into the wide-absorption spectrum perovskite layer, and the light-conversion material is used to convert the solar spectrum so that the emitted spectrum falls within the absorption spectrum of the three-dimensional perovskite. This broadens the absorption wavelength band of the wide-absorption spectrum perovskite layer, effectively improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell. The arrangement in which at least a portion of the light-conversion material is distributed within the gaps between the three-dimensional perovskite grains helps reduce the number of heterojunction interfaces, lowers the overall series resistance of the device, maintains the intrinsic structural advantages of the perovskite cell, reduces process complexity, alleviates defects caused by the introduction of interfaces, and forms a bulk structure that facilitates full absorption of solar photons and improves energy conversion efficiency.

[0007] In some embodiments, the light conversion material includes an upconversion material and a downconversion material. The upconversion material absorbs long-wavelength (low-energy) photons and converts them into visible light that can be effectively absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite, while the downconversion material absorbs short-wavelength (high-energy) photons and converts them into visible light that can be effectively absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite. This allows the light-conversion material to emit a spectrum within the absorption spectrum of the three-dimensional perovskite, while also broadening the perovskite absorption spectrum to the infrared and ultraviolet bands. This helps improve the utilization of the solar spectrum and enhances energy conversion efficiency.

[0008] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is 1:6 to 6:1. Controlling the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is beneficial to improving energy conversion efficiency and avoiding the impact of excessive or insufficient addition of either conversion material on solar spectrum utilization and energy conversion efficiency.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the upconversion material is less than or equal to 6%, and can be 1-6%, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer. Reasonable control of the mass percentage of the upconversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer is beneficial to improving the energy conversion efficiency of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the down-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, and can be 1-6%, based on the weight of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer. By controlling the weight percentage of the down-conversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer to a reasonable level, the energy conversion efficiency of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer can be improved.

[0011] In some embodiments, the upconversion material can convert light with a wavelength greater than 800 nm into visible light with a wavelength less than 800 nm. In other words, the upconversion material can convert light with a wavelength greater than 800 nm into visible light with a wavelength less than 800 nm for absorption by the three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight.

[0012] In some embodiments, the components of the upconversion material include: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(9H-carbazole-9-yl)isophthalonitrile, thioxanthone, triphenylamine, and at least one of the rare earth element dopants and derivatives of the above components.

[0013] Optionally, the rare earth element includes at least one of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi, and Ho. Each of the above upconversion materials can convert sunlight into light with a wavelength that can be absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight, and can be independently provided with the three-dimensional perovskite and distributed in the intergranular spaces of the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0014] In some embodiments, the down-conversion material can convert light with a wavelength less than 400 nm into visible light with a wavelength greater than 400 nm. This means that the down-conversion material can convert light with a wavelength less than 400 nm into visible light with a wavelength greater than 400 nm for absorption by the three-dimensional perovskite. This not only improves the utilization rate of sunlight but also prevents damage caused by direct absorption of light with a wavelength less than 400 nm by the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0015] In some embodiments, the down conversion material includes at least one of a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, and a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.

[0016] Optionally, the components of the fluorescent material include riboflavin, phycoerythrin, metal complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthalimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, rhodamine compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, and at least one of perovskite luminescent nanomaterials.

[0017] Optionally, the phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, the matrix includes at least one of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates of Group II metals, and the activator includes a heavy metal.

[0018] Optionally, the heavy metal in the phosphorescent material includes at least one of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb, and rare earth metals. Each of the above fluorescent and phosphorescent materials can convert sunlight into light of a wavelength that can be absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight. Furthermore, the materials can be independently provided with the three-dimensional perovskite and distributed within the intergranular spaces of the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0019] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the photoconversion material is in granular form and dispersed within the three-dimensional perovskite while maintaining a granular morphology. Optionally, the photoconversion material has a D90 particle size of 40 nm or less. This arrangement facilitates the distribution of the photoconversion material within the intergranular spaces of the three-dimensional perovskite, reducing the adverse effects of the particles on the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0020] In some embodiments, the thickness of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer is 400-600 nm. Controlling the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer to have a reasonable thickness to avoid being too thick or too thin to affect carrier separation is beneficial to improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0021] In some embodiments, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer has an absorption spectrum of 300-1100 nm. In other words, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer extends its absorption spectrum to the infrared and ultraviolet bands, thereby increasing the utilization of the solar spectrum and significantly improving the performance of the perovskite cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, a perovskite cell comprises a transparent substrate layer, a first carrier transport layer, a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer, and an electrode layer, stacked in sequence. Either the first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, while the other is a hole transport layer. Such a perovskite cell has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising the perovskite cell in the above embodiment.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes several electrically connected photovoltaic components in the above embodiments.

[0025] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electrical device comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic modules according to the above embodiments.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components.

[0028] In the attached figure:

[0029] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] icon:

[0033] 1000-PV panels;

[0034] 1100-cell string; 1200-front glass; 1300-front encapsulation film; 1400-back encapsulation film; 1500-back glass;

[0035] 100-perovskite battery;

[0036] 110 - transparent substrate layer; 120 - first carrier transport layer; 130 - wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer; 140 - second carrier transport layer; 150 - electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0040] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0043] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by technical terms such as "thickness", "up", "down", "inside" and "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installation" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, or electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on specific circumstances.

[0045] Solar cells, as green energy sources, are currently seeing increasing market adoption. They are not only used in photovoltaic power generation systems like solar power plants, but are also increasingly being incorporated into electrical devices like electric vehicles. As the application of solar cells continues to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0046] Perovskite solar cells have become a widely researched and applied type of solar cell in recent years due to their advantages, such as high energy conversion efficiency and low power generation costs. In perovskite solar cells, the light-absorbing layer is primarily composed of perovskite material. When exposed to sunlight, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs (excitons). Under the action of the pn junction electric field, the excitons are first separated into electrons and holes, which are transported to the cathode and anode, respectively. The photogenerated holes flow to the p-region, and the photogenerated electrons flow to the n-region. When the circuit is connected, current is generated.

[0047] However, in current perovskite solar cells, the optical band gap of the perovskite layer is fixed, and therefore its absorption spectrum is fixed, making it impossible to maximize the use of the solar spectrum. The long-wavelength band will directly penetrate the light-absorbing layer, while the short-wavelength band will be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer, but this will cause significant damage to the material, resulting in energy loss and affecting energy conversion efficiency. To improve the above problems, some current designs introduce upconversion film layers or downconversion film layers in the hope of solving the above problems. However, the above-mentioned settings are complex and cannot effectively improve energy conversion efficiency. This may be because the number of heterojunction interfaces is increased, the overall series resistance is increased, and a large number of defects are easily generated at the interfaces, leading to the above-mentioned problems.

[0048] Therefore, the present application adopts a setting method of directly distributing the light conversion material in the three-dimensional perovskite, which is beneficial to reducing the number of heterogeneous interfaces, avoiding defects introduced by the interface, reducing the overall series resistance of the device, maintaining the intrinsic structural advantages of the perovskite battery, reducing process complexity, and forming a bulk structure, which is beneficial to fully absorb solar photons and improve energy conversion efficiency. It also has few internal defects and stable device performance.

[0049] Hereinafter, the technical solution of the present application will be exemplarily described with reference to embodiments.

[0050] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, according to some embodiments of the present application, a perovskite cell 100 includes: a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 located between a transparent substrate layer 110 and an electrode layer 150, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 includes a three-dimensional perovskite and a photoconversion material, at least a portion of the photoconversion material is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, and the photoconversion material includes at least one of an upconversion material and a downconversion material.

[0051] A 3D perovskite is a material whose constituent ions are arranged in three-dimensional space, resulting in a three-dimensional structure. The intergranular space of a 3D perovskite refers to the space between the grains of the material.

[0052] Photoconversion materials are photoluminescent materials whose emission spectrum falls within the absorption spectrum of three-dimensional perovskites. Upconversion materials, also known as upconversion luminescent materials, convert two or more low-energy photons into one high-energy photon, converting long-wavelength light into short-wavelength light. Downconversion materials, also known as downconversion luminescent materials, absorb one high-energy photon and then emit two or more low-energy photons, converting short-wavelength light into long-wavelength light.

[0053] The light conversion material includes at least one of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material, which means that the light conversion material is an up-conversion material, or a down-conversion material, or a mixture of the up-conversion material and the down-conversion material.

[0054] The spectrum emitted by the light conversion material is within the absorption spectrum of the three-dimensional perovskite, which means that the light emitted after the up-conversion material and / or the down-conversion material converts the absorbed photons can be absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0055] At least part of the photoconversion material is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, including: part of the photoconversion material is distributed on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite, and the remaining part is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, and also includes the case where all the photoconversion material is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0056] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by introducing a light conversion material, the light conversion material is used to convert the solar spectrum so that the spectrum emitted by it falls within the absorption spectrum of the three-dimensional perovskite, thereby broadening the absorption wavelength band of the wide-absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130, effectively improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum and the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell 100. The arrangement of at least a portion of the light conversion material distributed in the gaps between the three-dimensional perovskite grains is beneficial for reducing the number of heterogeneous interfaces, reducing the overall series resistance of the device, maintaining the intrinsic structural advantages of the perovskite cell 100, reducing process complexity, alleviating defects caused by the introduction of interfaces, and forming a bulk structure, which is conducive to its full absorption of solar photons and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0057] Optionally, the three-dimensional perovskite satisfies the general formula ABX3, wherein A is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, B is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, and X is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed anion.

[0058] Herein, A is an inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic mixed cation, which means that A is at least one of an inorganic cation and an organic cation.

[0059] As an example, as an example, A is selected from CH3NH3 + (abbreviated as MA + ), CH(NH2) 2+ (abbreviated as FA + )、Li + 、 Na + , K + , Rb + and Cs + At least one of; Optionally, A is selected from CH3NH3 + 、CH(NH2) 2+ and Cs + As an example, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ and Ni 2+ At least one of; optionally, B is selected from Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ As an example, X is selected from F - 、Cl - Br - and I -At least one of; optionally, X is selected from Cl - Br - and I - At least one of .

[0060] Optionally, perovskite materials include but are not limited to CH3NH3PbI3 (abbreviated as MAPbI3), CH(NH2)2PbI3 (abbreviated as FAPbI3), Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3 (abbreviated as CsFAMA), CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbIBr2.

[0061] Among them, the perovskite cell 100 is a perovskite solar cell, which generally includes functional layers such as a transparent substrate layer 110, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer 150. In this application, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is used as the perovskite light absorption layer.

[0062] The types of the transparent base layer 110 include, but are not limited to, FTO (fluorine-doped SnO2 transparent conductive glass), ITO (indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), BZO (benzodiazepine transparent conductive glass), IZO (indium zinc oxide transparent conductive glass), etc.

[0063] The electron transport material used in the electron transport layer is, for example, but not limited to, at least one of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, metal oxides, silicon oxide, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide used in the electron transport material includes at least one of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr.

[0064] The thickness of the electron transport layer is, for example, 20-80 nm, and may be optionally 30-60 nm.

[0065] The hole transport material used in the hole transport layer is, for example but not limited to, at least one of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrenesulfonic acid, poly3-hexylthiophene, triphenylamine with triptycene as the core, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine, N-(4-phenylamino)carbazole-spirobifluorene, polythiophene, phosphate-based monomers, carbazole-based monomers, sulfonic acid-based monomers, triphenylamine-based monomers, aromatic monomers, metal oxides and cuprous thiocyanate, wherein the metal element in the metal oxide selected in the hole transport material includes at least one of Ni, Mo and Cu.

[0066] The thickness of the hole transport layer is, for example, 100-200 nm, and may be optionally 130-170 nm.

[0067] The electrode layer 150 uses an organic, inorganic or organic-inorganic mixed conductive material, and the conductive material is at least one of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material, wherein the organic conductive material is, for example, a conductive polymer, and the conductive polymer includes but is not limited to at least one of polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polythiophene, polyacetylene, etc.; the inorganic conductive material is, for example, but not limited to, at least one of a transparent conductive oxide, a metal, a carbon derivative, etc., and the inorganic conductive material is specifically, for example, Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present application, the light conversion material includes an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material.

[0069] That is, the up-conversion material and the down-conversion material exist simultaneously in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , and both are at least partially distributed in the gaps between the perovskite grains of the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0070] By using up-conversion materials to absorb long-wavelength (low-energy) photons and convert them into visible light bands that can be effectively absorbed by three-dimensional perovskites, and by using down-conversion materials to absorb short-wavelength (high-energy) photons and convert them into visible light bands that can be effectively absorbed by three-dimensional perovskites, the absorption spectrum of perovskites can be broadened to infrared and ultraviolet bands at the same time, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum and improving the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell 100.

[0071] According to some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is 1:6-6:1.

[0072] Controlling the appropriate mass ratio of up-conversion materials to down-conversion materials is beneficial to improving the utilization of the solar spectrum and the energy conversion efficiency.

[0073] Illustratively, the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is any value of 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, or between any two values.

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present application, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the up-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%.

[0075] That is, the doping amount of the up-conversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is ≤ 6 wt %.

[0076] By controlling the mass percentage of the down-conversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 to be reasonable, the stability and energy conversion efficiency of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 can be improved.

[0077] For example, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the upconversion material is any value among 6wt%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or between any two values.

[0078] Optionally, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the up-conversion material is 1-6%.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present application, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the down conversion material is less than or equal to 6%.

[0080] That is, the doping amount of the down conversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is ≤ 6 wt %.

[0081] By controlling the doping amount of the down-conversion material in the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 to be reasonable, the energy conversion efficiency of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 can be improved.

[0082] For example, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the down conversion material is any one of 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or between any two values.

[0083] Optionally, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , the mass percentage of the down conversion material is 1-6%.

[0084] According to some embodiments of the present application, the up-conversion material is capable of converting light with a wavelength greater than 800 nm into light with a wavelength less than 800 nm.

[0085] That is, the upconversion material can convert light with a wavelength greater than 800nm ​​into light with a wavelength less than 800nm ​​for absorption by the three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight and preventing some light with a wavelength greater than 800nm ​​from being directly absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite, affecting the stability of the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present application, the components of the upconversion material include: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(9H-carbazole-9-yl)isophthalonitrile, thioxanthone, triphenylamine, and at least one of the rare earth element dopants and derivatives of the above components.

[0087] Each of the above-mentioned upconversion materials can convert sunlight into light with a wavelength that can be absorbed by three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight. In addition, the upconversion materials can be independently provided with the three-dimensional perovskite and can be distributed in the gaps between the perovskite grains.

[0088] Optionally, the rare earth element includes at least one of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present application, the down-conversion material is capable of converting light with a wavelength less than 400 nm into visible light with a wavelength greater than 400 nm.

[0090] That is, the down-conversion material can convert light with a wavelength of less than 400nm into visible light with a wavelength greater than 400nm for absorption by the three-dimensional perovskite. This not only improves the utilization rate of sunlight, but also avoids damage caused by light with a wavelength less than 400nm being directly absorbed by the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present application, the down-conversion material includes at least one of a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, and a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material.

[0092] Fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials all undergo light conversion under the excitation of excitation light to emit light having a wavelength longer than the excitation light.

[0093] Optionally, the components of the fluorescent material include at least one of riboflavin, phycoerythrin, metal complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthalimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, rhodamine compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, and perovskite luminescent nanomaterials;

[0094] It should be noted that the above materials are not particularly limited and are fluorescent materials commonly used in the art.

[0095] The metal complex may be at least one of tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium, tris(dibenzoylmethane)mono(1,10-phenanthroline)europium, tris(2-phenylpyrimidine)iridium, and the like.

[0096] Polyfluorene compounds refer to polyfluorene and its derivatives with fluorescent effects. Polyfluorene compounds include but are not limited to poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene), copolymers of dihexylfluorene and anthracene, branched biphenyls containing side chains, tetraalkyl-substituted indenofluorene polymers, aromatic-substituted indenofluorene polymers, polyfluorene-bithiophene alternating copolymers, and binary and ternary random copolymers of fluorene and thiophene, vinyldioxythiophene, 4,7-dithiophene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and 4,7-dithiophene-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole.

[0097] Coumarin compounds refer to coumarin and its derivatives, including but not limited to at least one of coumarin 307, coumarin 6, coumarin 153, coumarin 343, coumarin 152, coumarin 153, coumarin 7, coumarin 334, coumarin 314, coumarin 102, 7-ethoxycoumarin, 7-diethylamino-3-(2-benzimidazole)coumarin, 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin, and 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin.

[0098] Naphthalimide compounds refer to compounds with a naphthalimide fluorescent group, including but not limited to 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide. Triacene or higher acene compounds refer to triacene or higher acene, and their derivatives, including but not limited to at least one of anthracene, hexabenzophenone, perylene, and benzanthracene.

[0099] Rhodamine compounds refer to rhodamine and its derivatives, and rhodamine compounds include but are not limited to at least one of tetraethyl rhodamine, tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate, rhodamine 6G (Acros Company), rhodamine 123, rhodamine B, rhodamine 110, etc.

[0100] Fluorescein compounds include but are not limited to at least one of fluorescein sodium, fluorescein yellow, fluorescein diacetate, 5-aminofluorescein, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein, fluorescein diacetate, tetraiodine fluorescein, 6-carboxyfluorescein, 4′,5′-dibromofluorescein, and fluorescein isothiocyanate.

[0101] Fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds refer to fluoroboron dipyrrole and its derivatives.

[0102] The resorufin compound refers to resorufin and its derivatives, and the resorufin compound includes but is not limited to at least one of hydrogenated resorufin and resorufin α-D-pyranoglucoside.

[0103] The pyrazoline compound refers to a fluorescent material containing a pyrazoline group, which includes but is not limited to at least one of 5-diphenyl-3-(4-chloro)phenyl-2-pyrazoline, cyclic polypyrazolinecarboxamide, and the like.

[0104] Triphenylamine compounds refer to triphenylamine and its derivatives, including but not limited to 4'-(diphenylamine)-(1,1'biphenyl)4-carboxaldehyde.

[0105] The carbazole compound refers to a fluorescent material containing a carbazole group, including but not limited to at least one of 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole biphenyl, 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine and 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)di-9H-carbazole.

[0106] The diamine fluorescent compounds include but are not limited to at least one of N,N'-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine or N,N'-bis(3-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-diphenyl]-4,4'-diamine.

[0107] Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, through ingenious molecular design, have a small minimum single-triplet energy level difference. This allows triplet excitons to return to the singlet state via reverse intersystem crossing and then to the ground state via radiative transition, thereby simultaneously utilizing both singlet and triplet excitons and achieving a quantum efficiency of 100%. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials include, but are not limited to, at least one of the blue light molecule P-Ac95-TRZ05, the red light molecule CRA-TXO-TPA(100), and the green light molecule CRA-PXZ-Trz.

[0108] Optionally, the phosphorescent material includes a matrix and an activator, the matrix includes at least one of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates of Group II metals, and the activator includes a heavy metal.

[0109] Optionally, in the phosphorescent material, the heavy metal includes at least one of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals.

[0110] The above-mentioned fluorescent materials and phosphorescent materials can all convert sunlight into light with a wavelength that can be absorbed by three-dimensional perovskite, thereby improving the utilization rate of sunlight. They can also be independently provided with three-dimensional perovskite and distributed in the gaps between perovskite grains.

[0111] According to some embodiments of the present application, at least a portion of the light conversion material is in a granular form and is dispersed in the three-dimensional perovskite while maintaining the granular morphology.

[0112] At least a portion of the photoconversion material is in granular form and maintains a granular morphology while being dispersed in the three-dimensional perovskite. This means that the morphology of the photoconversion material does not change during the process of preparing the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130. For example, when the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is prepared by coating a slurry containing the three-dimensional perovskite and the photoconversion material, the photoconversion material does not dissolve in the slurry.

[0113] Optionally, the D90 particle size of the light conversion material is less than or equal to 40 nm.

[0114] It is understood that the above-mentioned light conversion material refers to a light conversion material that is in a granular form and dispersed in a three-dimensional perovskite while maintaining the granular morphology.

[0115] The D90 particle size refers to the particle size distribution parameter of the photoconverter material, determined by particle size distribution measurements. For example, Dv90 is determined using a particle size analyzer-laser diffraction method. Specifically, reference can be made to the standard GB / T 19077-2016, which uses a laser diffraction scattering particle size analyzer for measurement. This configuration facilitates the distribution of the photoconverter material within the interstices of the three-dimensional perovskite grains, minimizing the adverse effects of particles on the three-dimensional perovskite.

[0116] Illustratively, the particle size of the particles is any value among 40 nm, 30 nm, 28 nm, 26 nm, 25 nm, 20 nm, 18 nm, 15 nm, 10 nm, 5 nm, etc., or between any two values.

[0117] Optionally, the D90 particle size of the photoconversion material is 10-40 nm.

[0118] Optionally, the D90 particle size of the light conversion material is 10-30 nm.

[0119] According to some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is 400-600 nm.

[0120] It can be understood that the thickness of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 refers to the size of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 in the thickness direction of the perovskite cell 100, and the thickness direction of the perovskite cell 100 also refers to the direction in which the functional layers are stacked in sequence.

[0121] Controlling the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 to have a reasonable thickness is beneficial to improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0122] Illustratively, the thickness of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is any value among 400 nm, 250 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm, etc., or is between any two values.

[0123] According to some embodiments of the present application, the absorption spectrum of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is 300-1100 nm.

[0124] That is, the absorption spectrum of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 is broadened to the infrared and ultraviolet bands, thereby improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum and significantly improving the performance of the perovskite cell 100.

[0125] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, according to some embodiments of the present application, the perovskite cell 100 includes a transparent substrate layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130, a second carrier transport layer 140, and an electrode layer 150; either the first carrier transport layer 120 or the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.

[0126] As shown in FIG1 , when the first carrier transport layer 120 is an electron transport layer and the second carrier transport layer 140 is a hole transport layer, the perovskite cell 100 is a formal structure.

[0127] As shown in FIG2 , when the first carrier transport layer 120 is a hole transport layer and the second carrier transport layer 140 is a hole transport layer, the perovskite cell 100 is a trans structure.

[0128] By utilizing the arrangement of multiple functional layers stacked in sequence (the functional layers are a transparent substrate layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130, a second carrier transport layer 140 and an electrode layer 150 arranged in sequence), the perovskite cell 100 formed has a simple structure and is easy to prepare, maintaining the intrinsic advantages of the perovskite cell 100.

[0129] Exemplarily, based on the above embodiment, the preparation process of the perovskite battery 100 includes: step 1: etching and cleaning the transparent substrate layer 110, and blowing it dry for standby use; step 2: preparing a first carrier transport layer 120 on the front of the transparent substrate layer 110, and setting it aside; step 3: preparing a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 on the front of the first carrier transport layer 120, and setting it aside; step 4: preparing a second carrier transport layer 140 on the front of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130, and setting it aside; step 5: preparing an electrode layer 150 on the front of the second carrier transport layer 140, and performing edge cleaning test.

[0130] It can be understood that the preparation methods of the above-mentioned layers include but are not limited to chemical bath deposition, electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, physical epitaxial growth, thermal evaporation co-evaporation, atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering, precursor coating, precursor slit coating, precursor scraping, etc., and those skilled in the art can make a choice according to actual needs. In addition to the above-mentioned setting method, a mechanical pressing method can also be used to form at least two interconnected functional layers at one time.

[0131] Optionally, each layer is prepared by, for example, a thermal evaporation method or a precursor coating method, wherein the precursor coating method may be a spin coating method.

[0132] It should be noted that, during the process of forming the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 , if a precursor coating method is adopted, the perovskite coating liquid used for the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 contains a conversion material and a three-dimensional perovskite dispersed therein.

[0133] The method of preparing the above-mentioned perovskite cell 100 by combining a precursor liquid coating method and vacuum evaporation includes:

[0134] The electron transport layer slurry is spin-coated at a rotation speed of 4000 rpm-6500 rpm, and then dried on a constant temperature hot stage at, for example, 100-200° C. to obtain the electron transport layer.

[0135] The perovskite coating liquid is spin-coated at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm-4500 rpm, and then moved to a constant temperature hot stage to dry at 80-120° C. and cooled to room temperature to form a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 .

[0136] The hole transport layer slurry is spin-coated at a rotation speed of 3000 rpm to 4000 rpm, and dried to obtain a hole transport layer.

[0137] Vacuum coating machine was used at 5×10 -4 The electrode layer 150 is evaporated under a vacuum condition of 1000 Pa.

[0138] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the perovskite cell 100 includes a transparent substrate layer 110, a first carrier transport layer 120, a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130, a second carrier transport layer 140, and an electrode layer 150, which are stacked in sequence. Any one of the first carrier transport layer 120 and the second carrier transport layer 140 is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer. The wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer 130 includes a three-dimensional perovskite and a photoconversion material, at least part of the photoconversion material is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, and the photoconversion material is a mixture of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material. Based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the mass percentage of the up-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, the mass percentage of the down-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, and the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is 1:6-6:1.

[0139] Please refer to FIG3 . According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly 1000 , which includes the perovskite cell 100 provided by any of the above solutions.

[0140] The photovoltaic module 1000 refers to a solar cell module, that is, an overall module including a plurality of perovskite cells 100. The photovoltaic module 1000 includes a plurality of cell strings 1100, each of which includes a plurality of perovskite cells 100 connected in series via connectors such as solder ribbons.

[0141] In the photovoltaic module 1000, in addition to the cell string 1100, it also includes front glass 1200, front packaging film 1300, back packaging film 1400, back glass 1500, etc. As an example, the photovoltaic module 1000 includes the front glass 1200, the front packaging film 1300, the cell string 1100, the back packaging film 1400 and the back glass 1500 stacked in sequence along the thickness direction.

[0142] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application also provides a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic components.

[0143] Several refers to a number of two or more integers.

[0144] Photovoltaic power generation system refers to a power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. It is divided into a stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system (Stand-alone PV System) and a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system (Grid-connected PV System). The stand-alone photovoltaic power generation system consists of a solar photovoltaic array composed of photovoltaic modules, a battery pack, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load. The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a system monitoring system.

[0145] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides an electrical device, which includes the photovoltaic component provided by the above solution, and the photovoltaic component is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.

[0146] Electrical equipment can be in various forms, such as electric cars, ships, spacecraft, solar water heaters, solar energy, etc.

[0147] The power supply for electrical equipment can be solely powered by photovoltaic modules, or it can be a combination of photovoltaic modules and energy storage batteries, i.e., the electrical equipment is equipped with both photovoltaic modules and energy storage batteries. Energy storage batteries are not limited to primary batteries and secondary batteries, and can include, but are not limited to, lithium-ion secondary batteries and sodium-ion secondary batteries.

[0148] Some specific embodiments are listed below to better illustrate the present application.

[0149] Example 1

[0150] (1) The surface of FTO conductive glass with a size of 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm was cleaned twice with acetone and isopropanol in sequence, immersed in deionized water and ultrasonically treated for 10 min, and then dried in a forced air drying oven and placed in a glove box (N2 atmosphere) as a transparent substrate layer.

[0151] (2) Spin-coat a 3 wt % SnO 2 nano-colloidal solution on the front surface of the transparent base layer 110 at 4000 rpm-6500 rpm, and then heat it at 150° C. for 15 minutes on a constant temperature hot plate to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 50 nm for later use.

[0152] (3) A DMF solution containing 5 mg / mL NaYGd:Er nanocolloid, 5 wt% tetraethylrhodamine, and 1.5 mol / L FAPbI3 was spin-coated on the front side of the obtained electron transport layer at a speed of 3000 rpm-4500 rpm. The layer was then moved to a constant temperature hot plate and heated at 100°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, a wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer with a thickness of 500 nm was formed.

[0153] (4) A chlorobenzene solution of Spiro-OMeTAD with a concentration of 73 mg / mL was spin-coated on the front of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer at a speed of 3000 rpm-4000 rpm and dried to obtain a hole transport layer with a thickness of 150 nm.

[0154] (5) Place the obtained sheet into the vapor deposition machine and -4 Pa, a metal electrode Ag was evaporated on the hole transport layer to form an electrode layer at a rate of 0.1 Å / s. The thickness of the electrode layer was 80 nm, and a perovskite cell was obtained, which was then cleaned and tested.

[0155] Examples 2-19 and Comparative Example 1

[0156] The only difference between Examples 2-19 and Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is the parameters shown in Table 1.

[0157] The energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cells of the embodiments and comparative examples was measured under the following test conditions:

[0158] In the atmospheric environment, the sunlight simulation light source uses the AM1.5G standard light source, and a four-channel digital source meter (Keithley2440) is used to measure the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the battery under the light source, and the open circuit voltage Voc, short-circuit current density Jsc, and fill factor FF (Fill Factor) of the battery are obtained, thereby calculating the energy conversion efficiency Eff (Efficiency) of the battery.

[0159] Energy conversion efficiency is calculated as follows: Eff = Pout / Popt

[0160] =Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0161] =Voc×Jsc×FF, where Pout, Popt, Vmpp, and Jmpp are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, and maximum power point current, respectively.

[0162] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 18 is that the wide-spectrum absorption perovskite layer is prepared as a composite layer of a down-conversion material layer and a perovskite layer, wherein the down-conversion material layer is located between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer, and based on the mass of the composite layer consisting of the down-conversion material layer and the perovskite layer, the mass percentage of the down-conversion material in the composite layer is 2.5%.

[0163] Table 1 Test data

[0164]

[0165] In Table 1, the D90 particle size refers to the specific D90 particle size of the upper and / or lower photoconversion materials when the upper and / or lower photoconversion materials are in granular form and dispersed in a three-dimensional perovskite, maintaining a granular morphology. For example, in Example 1, this refers to the NaYGd:Er nanocolloid. Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-24 demonstrate that the broad absorption spectrum perovskite layer provided herein can effectively improve the energy conversion efficiency of perovskite cells.

[0166] According to Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, under the premise that the total mass percentage of the conversion material is the same, the bulk doping method provided in the present application can effectively improve its energy conversion efficiency compared with the layered setting method.

[0167] According to Examples 2-4, it can be seen that when only the upconversion material is doped, the doping amount has a significant impact on the energy conversion efficiency. Based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell is best when the total mass percentage of the upconversion material does not exceed 6%. Combined with Example 1 and Examples 5-8, it can be seen that the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell can be further optimized when the total mass percentage of the upconversion material is 1-6% based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer.

[0168] According to Examples 1, 9-12, when the total mass percentage of the down-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell is optimal. Alternatively, when the total mass percentage of the down-conversion material is between 1% and 6%, based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell can be further optimized.

[0169] According to Example 1 and Examples 13-14, the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material in the above three examples is 1:1, but the doping amount changes, resulting in changes in the energy conversion efficiency.

[0170] By comparing Example 1 with Example 15, Example 5 with Example 9, Example 6 with Example 10, Example 7 with Example 11, and Example 16 with Example 17, it can be seen that, under the premise that the total doping amount of the conversion material is the same, the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material will affect the energy conversion efficiency. Among them, when the mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is in the range of 1:6-6:1, the perovskite cell has better energy conversion efficiency.

[0171] According to Examples 1 and 18-20, it can be seen that at least part of the light conversion material is dispersed in the three-dimensional perovskite in the form of particles, and the particle size selection will also affect the final energy conversion efficiency.

[0172] In summary, the perovskite cell, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic power generation system and electrical equipment provided in this application can improve the technical problems of low solar spectrum utilization and low energy conversion efficiency of perovskite cells.

[0173] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A perovskite battery, wherein: include: A wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer is located between a transparent substrate layer and an electrode layer, wherein the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer includes a three-dimensional perovskite and a light conversion material, at least part of the light conversion material is distributed in the grain gaps of the three-dimensional perovskite, and the light conversion material includes at least one of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material.

2. The perovskite cell according to claim 1, wherein: The light conversion material includes an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material.

3. The perovskite cell according to claim 2, wherein: The mass ratio of the up-conversion material to the down-conversion material is 1:6-6:

1.

4. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the mass percentage of the up-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, and can be optionally 1-6%.

5. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Based on the mass of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the mass percentage of the down-conversion material is less than or equal to 6%, and can be optionally 1-6%.

6. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The up-conversion material can convert light with a wavelength greater than 800 nm into visible light with a wavelength less than 800 nm.

7. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The components of the up-conversion material include: NaLuF4, NaGdF4, NaYbF4, NaYGd, NaYLu, NaYNd, NaGd(WO4)2, LiErF, BaYF5, BaLuF5, BaGdF5, BaYb2F, CaS, LiLa(MoO4)2, Gd2O3, ZrYO, YAIO, CaWO4, 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(9H-carbazole-9-yl)isophthalonitrile, thioxanthone, triphenylamine, and at least one of the rare earth element dopants and derivatives of the above components; Optionally, the rare earth element includes at least one of Yb, Er, Tm, Eu, Sm, Bi and Ho.

8. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The down conversion material can convert light with a wavelength less than 400 nm into visible light with a wavelength greater than 400 nm.

9. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The down conversion material includes at least one of a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material, and a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material; Optionally, the fluorescent material comprises at least one of riboflavin, phycoerythrin, metal complexes, polyfluorene compounds, coumarin compounds, naphthylimide compounds, triacene or higher acene compounds, rhodamine compounds, fluorescein compounds, fluoroboron dipyrrole compounds, resorufin compounds, pyrazoline compounds, triphenylamine compounds, carbazole compounds, green fluorescent protein, diamine fluorescent compounds, and perovskite luminescent nanomaterials; Optionally, the phosphorescent material comprises a matrix and an activator, the matrix comprises at least one of sulfides, oxides, selenides, fluorides, phosphates, silicates and tungstates of Group II metals, and the activator comprises a heavy metal; Optionally, in the phosphorescent material, the heavy metal includes at least one of Au, Cu, Mn, Ag, Bi, Pb and rare earth metals.

10. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: At least part of the light conversion material is in a granular form and is dispersed in the three-dimensional perovskite while maintaining a granular morphology; Optionally, the D90 particle size of the photoconversion material is less than or equal to 40 nm, and may be 10-40 nm.

11. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The thickness of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer is 400-600nm.

12. The perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: The absorption spectrum of the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer is 300-1100nm.

13. The perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The perovskite cell comprises the transparent substrate layer, the first carrier transport layer, the wide absorption spectrum perovskite layer, the second carrier transport layer and the electrode layer which are stacked in sequence; Either the first carrier transport layer or the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the other is a hole transport layer.

14. A photovoltaic module, wherein: Comprising a perovskite cell as described in any one of claims 1-13.

15. A photovoltaic power generation system, wherein: A photovoltaic assembly as claimed in claim 14 comprising a plurality of electrically connected components.

16. An electrical device, wherein: A photovoltaic assembly as claimed in claim 15 comprising a plurality of electrically connected components.

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