Wheat wide seedling zone seedbed preparation device and monitoring system thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a wheat wide seedling zone seedbed preparation device and a monitoring system thereof. The wheat wide seedling zone seedbed preparation device comprises a monomer fixing seat, a front furrow opener fixing seat, a front furrow opener, a fertilizer spreading device, an anti-wear plate, a rotary blade group, a side plate, a soil baffle, a rear furrow opener, a soil humidity sensor, a metal water pipe, a profiling mechanism, a spring damper, a transmission box and a motor. Through holes are formed in the single body fixing seats, the single bodies are fixedly connected with a seeder rack through U-shaped bolts, the seeder can be provided with a plurality of single bodies, the distance between the single bodies is adjusted to adapt to wide-seedling-zone seeding operation with different line spacing, and soil disturbance and power consumption during operation are reduced through wide-seedling-zone rotary tillage. The monitoring system comprises a rotary blade group power distribution monitoring system and a lower irrigation monitoring system, so that the power of the rotary blade group can be adaptively adjusted along with the change of forward speed and tillage resistance, and the seedbed preparation operation effect is improved; the problem of uneven seedling emergence caused by inconsistent soil moisture content of different land parcels in the field is solved by performing lower irrigation on the seedling strips.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat sowing, and in particular relates to a wheat wide seedling belt seed bed preparation device and a monitoring system thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is an important food crop in my country, and wheat yield is crucial to national food security. The quality of wheat sowing directly determines the distribution of wheat seeds in the seed furrow, and has a significant impact on seed germination, emergence, tillering, and heading. The above factors ultimately determine the wheat yield. Wheat wide seedling strip sowing technology is a cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing sowing technology. Compared with the conventional mechanized strip sowing mode, wheat wide seedling strip sowing is to change the traditional narrow strip sowing into wide sowing. The wheat sowing width is increased from the conventional 2-3 cm to 8-25 cm. The advantage of wheat wide seedling strip sowing is that it can ensure that wheat seeds are evenly distributed in the seed furrow, reduce the competition for water and fertilizer between individuals, facilitate ventilation and light transmission within the wheat group, promote the healthy development of individuals, increase the photosynthetic rate and water and fertilizer utilization rate of the plant, increase the number of wheat ears, the number of grains per ear and the grain weight, and ultimately achieve increased wheat production and income.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of wheat wide seedling belt sowing technology, a variety of machines suitable for wheat wide seedling belt sowing operations have emerged. For example, Patent No. CN201710494918.X provides a single unit of a wide seedling belt wheat precision sowing and fertilization machine, and Patent No. CN202010057876.5 provides a wheat sowing machine and a method for suppressing and planting wheat wide seedling belts before sowing, but the above patents do not involve seed bed preparation. Patent No. CN202210536059.7 provides an all-in-one machine for sowing and fertilizing wide seedling belt wheat, Patent No. CN202321842677.0 provides a wide seedling belt wheat sowing machine, and Patent No. CN201610263161.9 provides a wheat rotary tillage wide seedling belt bottom fertilization sowing machine, but the above patents use conventional rotary tillage methods, that is, a rotary tiller is installed at the front end of the machine, which has problems of soil disturbance and high power consumption. Patent No. CN201510815267.0 provides a wide seedling strip precision wheat seeder with less tillage and fertilizer application and its working method. The patent adopts the seedling strip rotary tillage method, that is, the rotary tillage knife group only performs rotary tillage operations on the wide seedling strip, but the spacing between the rotary tillage knife groups of the machine is fixed, and the knife group spacing is not easy to adjust for sowing operations with different row spacings. When the above-mentioned seeder is in the seedbed preparation operation, the speed and torque of the rotary tillage knife group are fixed, and adaptive adjustment cannot be achieved according to the tillage resistance, resulting in poor soil crushing effect; after the seedbed preparation operation, the soil moisture is retained by the pressure wheel, but the soil moisture content of each plot in the field is inconsistent, resulting in uneven wheat emergence in arid and moist plots, and low wheat seed germination rate in some arid plots. At the same time, the existing wheat wide seedling strip seedbed preparation machine has a low level of intelligent operation, which limits the promotion and application of wheat wide seedling strip sowing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device and its monitoring system. On the one hand, in view of the problems of soil disturbance and high power consumption during seed bed preparation operations, and in order to adapt to sowing operations with different row spacings, a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device is provided to achieve the goal of adjustable spacing between rotary tillage blade groups and reduced power consumption. On the other hand, in view of the problem that the power of the rotary tillage blade group is fixed, resulting in poor soil crushing effect, a rotary tillage blade group power distribution monitoring system is proposed to achieve adaptive adjustment of the power of the rotary tillage blade group according to the change of the forward speed of the implement and the tillage resistance; in view of the problem that the inconsistent soil moisture content in different plots in the field leads to uneven emergence of seedlings, a lower irrigation monitoring system is proposed to achieve precise irrigation operations on arid plots.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device, which is a seed bed preparation unit with fertilization, seedling strip rotary tillage and irrigation functions, comprising:

[0006] A single fixed seat, which is fixed to the seeder frame;

[0007] A front furrow opener fixing seat, which is fixed to the single body fixing seat;

[0008] A front furrow opener is fixed to the front furrow opener fixing seat and is equipped with a strain gauge for detecting tillage resistance;

[0009] A fertilizer spreading device, which is fixed to the front furrow opener;

[0010] The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, a wear plate is fixed to the bottom end thereof, and also includes a fixed side plate and a retaining plate, and the retaining plate is fixed to the transmission box;

[0011] The motor is fixed to the monomer fixing seat, and the motor shaft is fixed coaxially with the power input shaft of the transmission box;

[0012] A rotary tiller blade assembly, which is fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission box;

[0013] A profiling mechanism, which is fixed to the monomer fixing seat;

[0014] A rear furrow opener, which is fixed to the profiling mechanism and has a soil moisture sensor installed at its bottom;

[0015] a spring damper connected to the contour mechanism in a hinged manner;

[0016] A metal water pipe is fixed to the rear furrow opener and is used for irrigation.

[0017] Preferably, the rear furrow opener is provided with a plurality of through holes, and is fixed to the contouring mechanism by bolts, and the bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the furrowing depth.

[0018] Preferably, the fertilizer spreading device is composed of a fertilizer guiding pipe and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4 - 2 , the end of the fertilizer guiding pipe is a trumpet-shaped opening, and the electric fertilizer spreading blade is installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

[0019] Preferably, the rotary tiller blade group consists of blades, a cutter disc, a safety pin, a fixing bolt, a fixing plate, and a cutter roller; the blades are fixed to the cutter disc by the safety pin and the fixing bolt, and the fixing plate and the blades are arranged alternately; the cutter disc has through holes evenly distributed around the circumference for installing the blades, and is fixed to the cutter roller by welding.

[0020] Preferably, the upper part of the blade is curved, the cutting edge for cutting the soil is chamfered, the bottom is an arc-shaped notch, the arc diameter of the notch is the same as the outer diameter of the knife roller, the arc-shaped notch fits tightly with the outer edge of the knife roller during installation, and two through holes are set near the notch.

[0021] Preferably, the fixing plate is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes, and the fixing plate fits tightly against the outer edge of the knife roller during installation; the rotary tillage knife group includes four fixing plates.

[0022] Preferably, the interior of the knife roller is a hexagonal through hole, and is coaxially matched with the power output shaft of the transmission box.

[0023] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation monitoring system, which is characterized by comprising a rotary tillage blade group power distribution monitoring system and a lower irrigation monitoring system.

[0024] Preferably, the operation of the rotary tiller blade group power distribution monitoring system comprises the following steps:

[0025] S101: The soil crushing effect under different operating parameters was measured through field tests. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed and torque of the cutter group were used as test factors, and the soil crushing rate was used as the test evaluation index. A response surface optimization test was conducted to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed of the cutter group, and torque of the cutter group.

[0026] S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0027] S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the task of monitoring the power distribution of the rotary tiller blade group;

[0028] S104: The agricultural machine operator sets the rotary tillage speed ratio through the Web terminal;

[0029] S105: The single chip microcomputer receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform through the DTU module;

[0030] S106: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer;

[0031] S107: The single chip computer calculates the target blade group speed according to the rotary tillage speed ratio and the forward speed of the implement;

[0032] S108: The target cutter group speed is the input value of the cutter group speed in the mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque;

[0033] S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the strain gauge deformation into a digital signal;

[0034] S110: The single chip microcomputer receives the digital signal and calculates the tillage resistance;

[0035] S111: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target cutter group torque according to the established mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque;

[0036] S112: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target speed of the motor according to the target speed of the blade group and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, and the driver drives the motor to rotate;

[0037] S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0038] S114: The single-chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target speed and the actual speed, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual motor speed is zero, the single-chip microcomputer sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0039] S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual torque signal of the motor to the single chip microcomputer;

[0040] S116: The single chip microcomputer calculates the actual torque of the knife group according to the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box;

[0041] S117: The single chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target torque and the actual torque, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque;

[0042] S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the MCU sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0043] Preferably, the operation of the downstream irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0044] S201: Through the wheat seed germination rate under different conditions of the seed standard germination test, the response surface optimization test was carried out with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature and soil moisture as the test factors and wheat seed germination rate as the test evaluation index to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate;

[0045] S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0046] S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the lower irrigation monitoring task;

[0047] S204: The agricultural machinery operator sets the sowing row spacing and wheat variety through the Web terminal;

[0048] S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing and wheat variety information, and sends them to the MCU through the DTU module;

[0049] S206: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer;

[0050] S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends an actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller;

[0051] S208: The irrigation monitoring system estimates the soil accumulated temperature according to the weather forecast data, and calculates the target soil moisture according to the mathematical model of wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate;

[0052] S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the soil quality to be irrigated per unit time according to the forward speed of the machine, the furrowing depth and the sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand according to the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture;

[0053] S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate according to the irrigation demand and the unit time;

[0054] S211: The single chip microcomputer controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the driving circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the pipeline, and the variable frequency booster pump provides a stable water flow for the pipeline;

[0055] S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends an actual pipeline flow signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0056] S213: The single chip computer further corrects the opening of the solenoid valve according to the closed-loop feedback control algorithm;

[0057] S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, an alarm signal is sent to the Web terminal through the DTU module; if not, go to S203.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device, which adapts to wide seedling strip sowing operations with different row spacings by adjusting the spacing between individual units, and reduces soil disturbance and power consumption during operation by rotary tillage with the wide seedling strip; the present invention provides a rotary tillage knife group power distribution monitoring system, which realizes adaptive adjustment of the rotary tillage knife group power according to changes in the forward speed of the implement and the tillage resistance, thereby improving the seed bed preparation operation effect; the present invention provides a lower-level irrigation monitoring system, which solves the problem of uneven seedling emergence caused by inconsistent soil moisture content in different plots in the field by performing lower-level irrigation on the seedling strip. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 The overall structure of a wide seedling belt seed bed preparation device for wheat of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the front furrow opener and fertilizer spreading device;

[0061] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilizer spreading device;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rotary tillage blade group;

[0063] Figure 5 It is the axial view of the blade;

[0064] Figure 6 It is the cutter head axial side view;

[0065] Figure 7 It is the axial side view of the fixed plate;

[0066] Figure 8 The principle of the power distribution monitoring system for the rotary tillage blade group;

[0067] Fig. 9 This is the operating principle of the downstream irrigation monitoring system.

[0068] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Single fixing seat; 2. Front furrow opener fixing seat; 3. Front furrow opener; 4. Fertilizer spreading device; 4-1. Fertilizer guide pipe; 4-2. Electric fertilizer spreading blade; 5. Anti-wear plate; 6. Rotary tillage knife group; 6-1. Blade; 6-2. Knife disc; 6-3. Safety pin; 6-4. Fixing bolt; 6-5. Fixing plate; 6-6. Knife roller; 7. Side plate; 8. Soil retaining plate; 9. Rear furrow opener; 10. Soil moisture sensor; 11. Metal water pipe; 12. Profiling mechanism; 13. Spring damper; 14. Transmission box; 15. Motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] The present invention provides a wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device, which is a seed bed preparation unit with fertilization, seedling strip rotary tillage and irrigation functions;

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, the seed bed preparation unit consists of a unit fixing seat 1, a front furrow opener fixing seat 2, a front furrow opener 3, a fertilizer spreading device 4, an anti-wear plate 5, a rotary tillage blade group 6, a side plate 7, a retaining plate 8, a rear furrow opener 9, a soil moisture sensor 10, a metal water pipe 11, a profiling mechanism 12, a spring damper 13, a transmission box 14, and a motor 15.

[0072] The monomer fixing seat 1 is provided with a through hole, and the monomer is fixed to the seeder frame by a U-shaped bolt. The seeder can be installed with multiple monomers, and the spacing between the monomers is determined by the wide seedling belt sowing row spacing.

[0073] The front opener fixing seat 2 is fixed to the single body fixing seat 1 by bolts.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the front furrow opener 3 is provided with a through hole and is fixed to the front furrow opener fixing seat 2 by bolts. The front furrow opener 3 is installed with a strain gauge for detecting tillage resistance, and the fertilizer spreading device 4 is fixed to the front furrow opener 3 by welding.

[0075] The anti-wear plate 5 is fixed to the bottom end of the transmission box 14 by bolts; the rotary tiller blade group 6 is fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission box 14; the side plate 7 is fixed to the retaining plate 8 by welding, and the retaining plate 8 is fixed to the transmission box 14 by bolts.

[0076] The rear furrow opener 9 is provided with a plurality of through holes, which are fixed with the profiling mechanism 12 by bolts. The bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the depth of the rear furrow opener into the soil, that is, to adjust the furrowing depth; the soil moisture sensor 10 is installed at the bottom of the rear furrow opener 9 and is in close contact with the soil at the bottom of the furrow; the metal water pipe 11 is fixed with the rear furrow opener 9 by welding, and the water pipe is used for irrigation; the profiling mechanism 12 is connected with the monomer fixing seat 1 and the spring damper 13 by bolts, and the connection part forms a hinge. When the farmland surface is uneven, the profiling mechanism 12 floats up and down with the surface to ensure that the depth of the soil is consistent. The spring damper 13 is also fixed with the monomer fixing seat 1.

[0077] The transmission box 14 includes a power input shaft and an output shaft. The power input shaft is fixed to the motor 15, and the power output shaft is fixed to the rotary blade group 6. The transmission box 14 is fixed to the single body fixing seat 1 by bolts.

[0078] Optionally, the transmission box 14 may adopt transmission modes such as gear transmission, chain transmission, and belt transmission.

[0079] The electric motor 15 is fixed to the single body fixing seat 1 by bolts, and the motor shaft is fixed coaxially with the power input shaft of the transmission box 14 .

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the fertilizer spreading device 4 is composed of a fertilizer guiding pipe 4-1 and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2. The end of the fertilizer guiding pipe 4-1 is a trumpet-shaped opening, and the electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2 is installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, the rotary tillage blade assembly 6 is composed of a blade 6-1, a blade disc 6-2, a safety pin 6-3, a fixing bolt 6-4, a fixing plate 6-5, and a blade roller 6-6. Figure 5 As shown, the upper part of the blade 6-1 is curved, the cutting edge for cutting the soil is chamfered, and the bottom is an arc-shaped notch, the arc diameter of the notch is the same as the outer diameter of the knife roller 6-6, and the arc-shaped notch fits tightly with the outer edge of the knife roller 6-6 during installation, and two through holes are set near the notch. Figure 6 As shown, the cutter disc 6-2 has holes evenly distributed around the circumference for mounting the blade 6-1, and is fixed to the cutter roller 6-6 by welding. Figure 7 As shown, the fixing plate 6-5 is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes. When installed, the fixing plate 6-5 fits tightly against the outer edge of the knife roller 6-6. The rotary tillage knife group 6 includes four fixing plates 6-5.

[0082] The blade 6-1 is fixed with the cutter head 6-2 by a safety pin 6-3 and a fixing bolt 6-4, and the fixing piece 6-5 is arranged in a staggered manner with the blade 6-1. The inside of the cutter roller 6-6 is a hexagonal through hole, and is coaxially matched with the power output shaft of the transmission box 14.

[0083] The present invention also provides a wheat wide seedling belt seed bed preparation monitoring system, which is characterized by:

[0084] The monitoring system consists of a rotary tillage blade group power distribution monitoring system and a lower irrigation monitoring system;

[0085] like Figure 8 As shown, the operation of the rotary tiller blade group power distribution monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0086] S101: The soil crushing effect under different operating parameters was measured through field tests. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed and torque of the cutter group were used as test factors, and the soil crushing rate was used as the test evaluation index. A response surface optimization test was conducted to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed of the cutter group, and torque of the cutter group.

[0087] S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0088] S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the task of monitoring the power distribution of the rotary tiller blade group;

[0089] S104: The agricultural machine operator sets the rotary tillage speed ratio through the Web terminal;

[0090] S105: The single chip microcomputer receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform through the DTU module;

[0091] S106: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer;

[0092] S107: The single chip computer calculates the target blade group speed according to the rotary tillage speed ratio and the forward speed of the implement;

[0093] S108: The target cutter group speed is the input value of the cutter group speed in the mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque;

[0094] S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the strain gauge deformation into a digital signal;

[0095] S110: The single chip microcomputer receives the digital signal and calculates the tillage resistance;

[0096] S111: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target cutter group torque according to the established mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque;

[0097] S112: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target speed of the motor according to the target speed of the blade group and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, and the driver drives the motor to rotate;

[0098] S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller;

[0099] S114: The single-chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target speed and the actual speed, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual motor speed is zero, the single-chip microcomputer sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0100] S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual torque signal of the motor to the single chip microcomputer;

[0101] S116: The single chip microcomputer calculates the actual torque of the knife group according to the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box;

[0102] S117: The single chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target torque and the actual torque, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque;

[0103] S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the MCU sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module;

[0104] like Fig. 9 As shown, the operation of the lower irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0105] S201: Through the wheat seed germination rate under different conditions of the seed standard germination test, the response surface optimization test was carried out with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature and soil moisture as the test factors and wheat seed germination rate as the test evaluation index to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate;

[0106] S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller;

[0107] S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the lower irrigation monitoring task;

[0108] S204: The agricultural machinery operator sets the sowing row spacing and wheat variety through the Web terminal;

[0109] S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing and wheat variety information, and sends them to the MCU through the DTU module;

[0110] S206: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer;

[0111] S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends an actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller;

[0112] S208: The irrigation monitoring system estimates the soil accumulated temperature according to the weather forecast data, and calculates the target soil moisture according to the mathematical model of wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate;

[0113] S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the soil quality to be irrigated per unit time according to the forward speed of the machine, the furrowing depth and the sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand according to the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture;

[0114] S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate according to the irrigation demand and the unit time;

[0115] S211: The single chip microcomputer controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the driving circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the pipeline, and the variable frequency booster pump provides a stable water flow for the pipeline;

[0116] S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends an actual pipeline flow signal to the single chip microcomputer;

[0117] S213: The single chip microcomputer further corrects the opening of the solenoid valve according to the closed-loop feedback control algorithm;

[0118] S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, an alarm signal is sent to the Web terminal through the DTU module; if not, go to S203;

[0119] This embodiment is only a preferred specific implementation of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device, which is a seed bed preparation unit with fertilization, seedling strip rotary tillage and irrigation functions, comprising: The monomer fixing seat is fixed to the seeder frame. The seeder can be installed with multiple monomers, and the spacing between the monomers is determined by the wide seedling belt sowing row spacing; A front furrow opener fixing seat, which is fixed to the single body fixing seat; A front furrow opener is fixed to the front furrow opener fixing seat and is equipped with a strain gauge for detecting tillage resistance; A fertilizer spreading device, which is fixed to the front furrow opener; The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, a wear plate is fixed to the bottom end thereof, and also includes a fixed side plate and a retaining plate, and the retaining plate is fixed to the transmission box; The motor is fixed to the monomer fixing seat, and the motor shaft is fixed coaxially with the power input shaft of the transmission box; A rotary tiller blade assembly, which is fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission box; A profiling mechanism, which is fixed to the monomer fixing seat; A rear furrow opener, which is fixed to the profiling mechanism and has a soil moisture sensor installed at its bottom; a spring damper connected to the contour mechanism in a hinged manner; A metal water pipe is fixed to the rear furrow opener and is used for irrigation.

2. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear furrow opener is provided with a plurality of through holes, and is fixed with the contouring mechanism by bolts, and the bolts pass through different through holes to adjust the furrowing depth.

3. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer spreading device is composed of a fertilizer guiding pipe and an electric fertilizer spreading blade 4-2. The end of the fertilizer guiding pipe is a trumpet-shaped opening, and the electric fertilizer spreading blade is installed in the trumpet-shaped opening.

4. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage blade assembly is composed of a blade, a knife disc, a safety pin, a fixing bolt, a fixing plate, and a knife roller; The blade is fixed to the cutter disc by a safety pin and a fixing bolt, and the fixing plate and the blade are arranged alternately; the cutter disc has evenly distributed through holes around the circumference for installing the blade, and is fixed to the cutter roller by welding.

5. The wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device for wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the blade is curved, the edge for cutting the soil is chamfered, the bottom is an arc-shaped notch, the arc diameter of the notch is the same as the outer diameter of the knife roller, the arc-shaped notch fits tightly with the outer edge of the knife roller during installation, and two through holes are set near the notch.

6. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing plate is a fan-shaped metal plate with two through holes. When installed, the fixing plate fits tightly against the outer edge of the knife roller. The rotary tiller knife group includes four fixing plates.

7. The wide seedling strip seed bed preparation device for wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The knife roller has a hexagonal through hole inside and is coaxially matched with the power output shaft of the transmission box.

8. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation monitoring system, characterized in that: It includes a rotary tillage blade group power distribution monitoring system and a lower irrigation monitoring system.

9. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation of the rotary tiller blade group power distribution monitoring system includes the following steps: S101: The soil crushing effect under different operating parameters was measured through field tests. The forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed and torque of the cutter group were used as test factors, and the soil crushing rate was used as the test evaluation index. A response surface optimization test was conducted to establish a mathematical model between the forward speed of the implement, tillage resistance, speed of the cutter group, and torque of the cutter group. S102: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller; S103: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the task of monitoring the power distribution of the rotary tiller blade group; S104: The agricultural machine operator sets the rotary tillage speed ratio through the Web terminal; S105: The single chip microcomputer receives the rotary tillage speed ratio signal from the IoT platform through the DTU module; S106: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer; S107: The single chip computer calculates the target blade group speed according to the rotary tillage speed ratio and the forward speed of the implement; S108: The target cutter group speed is the input value of the cutter group speed in the mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque; S109: The ADC module converts the analog signal generated by the strain gauge deformation into a digital signal; S110: The single chip microcomputer receives the digital signal and calculates the tillage resistance; S111: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target cutter group torque according to the established mathematical model of machine forward speed-cultivation resistance-cutter group speed-cutter group torque; S112: The single chip microcomputer calculates the target speed of the motor according to the target speed of the blade group and the reduction ratio of the transmission box, and sends a PWM wave signal to the driver, and the driver drives the motor to rotate; S113: The encoder monitors the motor speed in real time and sends the actual motor speed signal to the microcontroller; S114: The single-chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target speed and the actual speed, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor speed. When the actual motor speed is zero, the single-chip microcomputer sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module; S115: The torque monitoring module monitors the motor torque in real time and sends the actual torque signal of the motor to the single chip microcomputer; S116: The single chip microcomputer calculates the actual torque of the knife group according to the actual torque and speed of the motor and the reduction ratio of the transmission box; S117: The single chip microcomputer calculates the error according to the motor target torque and the actual torque, and performs closed-loop feedback control of the motor torque; S118: When the actual power of the motor exceeds the rated power of the motor, the MCU sends an alarm signal to the Web terminal through the DTU module.

10. A wheat wide seedling strip seed bed preparation monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation of the downstream irrigation monitoring system includes the following steps: S201: Through the wheat seed germination rate under different conditions of the seed standard germination test, the response surface optimization test was carried out with wheat variety, soil accumulated temperature and soil moisture as the test factors and wheat seed germination rate as the test evaluation index to establish a mathematical model between wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate; S202: Program the mathematical model in S101 and burn the program into the microcontroller; S203: Initialize the single chip microcomputer and enter the lower irrigation monitoring task; S204: The agricultural machinery operator sets the sowing row spacing and wheat variety through the Web terminal; S205: The IoT platform stores weather forecast data, sowing row spacing and wheat variety information, and sends them to the MCU through the DTU module; S206: Doppler radar monitors the forward speed of the implement in real time and sends a forward speed signal of the implement to the single chip microcomputer; S207: The soil moisture sensor monitors the actual soil moisture at the current location in real time and sends an actual soil moisture signal to the microcontroller; S208: The irrigation monitoring system estimates the soil accumulated temperature according to the weather forecast data, and calculates the target soil moisture according to the mathematical model of wheat variety-soil accumulated temperature-soil moisture-germination rate; S209: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the soil quality to be irrigated per unit time according to the forward speed of the machine, the furrowing depth and the sowing row spacing, and calculates the irrigation demand according to the target soil moisture and the actual soil moisture; S210: The irrigation monitoring system calculates the target pipeline flow rate according to the irrigation demand and the unit time; S211: The single chip microcomputer controls the opening of the solenoid valve through the driving circuit, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the pipeline, and the variable frequency booster pump provides a stable water flow for the pipeline; S212: The flow meter monitors the pipeline flow in real time and sends an actual pipeline flow signal to the single chip microcomputer; S213: The single chip microcomputer further corrects the opening of the solenoid valve according to the closed-loop feedback control algorithm; S214: The flow meter monitors whether the pipeline flow is zero. If so, an alarm signal is sent to the Web terminal through the DTU module; if not, go to S203.

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