High-yield and high-quality muskmelon improved variety cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of muskmelon cultivation, and discloses a high-yield and high-quality muskmelon improved variety cultivation method which comprises the following steps: selecting a muskmelon variety with a target character as a parent, and carrying out cross pollination by adopting the parent; carrying out offspring breeding on the seeds subjected to cross pollination so as to screen out excellent plants with target traits; performing strong seedling cultivation on the excellent plants, including greenhouse disinfection, matrix preparation, seed soaking and germination accelerating, sowing, seedbed management and grafting; carrying out soil preparation, fertilization, ridging and disinfection on the greenhouse; field planting is carried out in a large-ridge double-row cultivation mode, field management is carried out, and harvesting is carried out when the muskmelons grow to be mature. According to the improved variety cultivation method for the high-yield and high-quality muskmelons, by breeding muskmelon varieties with high-yield potential, the yield of the muskmelons in unit area can be effectively increased, the requirements of the market for the muskmelons are met, agricultural product supply is guaranteed, and high economic benefits are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of melon cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating improved varieties of high-yield and high-quality melons. Background Art

[0002] Melon is one of the common fruits in daily life. It is loved by people because of its sweet and juicy taste, and its ability to clear away heat, relieve summer heat and quench thirst. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for daily vegetables and fruits is increasing, and the quality requirements are gradually increasing, and melons are no exception. The yield of melons is inseparable from the early seedling cultivation and later management. If the early seedling cultivation and later planting management are not done well, the later yield will be affected, thus causing great economic losses to melon farmers. With people's attention to health, how to increase the yield of melons and achieve green fruits is what the majority of farmers need. At present, there is no seedling cultivation method that can meet the yield and quality requirements. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties. By breeding melon varieties with high-yield potential, the melon yield per unit area can be effectively increased, the market demand for melons can be met, the supply of agricultural products can be guaranteed, and higher economic benefits can be achieved.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties, comprising:

[0005] S1, selecting a melon variety with target traits as a parent, and using the parent for cross pollination;

[0006] S2. Selecting offspring from the hybrid pollinated seeds to select superior plants with target traits;

[0007] S3, cultivating the excellent plants to strengthen their seedlings, including greenhouse disinfection, substrate configuration, seed soaking and germination, sowing, seedbed management, and grafting;

[0008] S4. Prepare the land, apply fertilizer, make ridges and disinfect the greenhouse;

[0009] S5. Use large ridge double-row cultivation method for planting and carry out field management. Harvest the melons when they grow to maturity.

[0010] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0011] S101, selecting a melon variety with target traits as a parent, selecting a female flower that is about to bloom as a female parent, and selecting a male flower that blooms on the same day as a male parent;

[0012] S102. 1-2 days before the female flowers open, use tweezers or scissors to remove the stamens of the female flowers, making sure to remove them thoroughly to prevent self-pollination.

[0013] S103. On the day when the male flower of the male parent blooms, use a brush or cotton swab to collect pollen from the male flower between 9 and 11 a.m. and collect the pollen in a clean petri dish or vial;

[0014] S104, evenly applying the collected pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the female flower of the female parent, and pollinating once in the morning and once in the afternoon of the day after the female flower opens;

[0015] S105. After pollination is completed, the pollinated female flowers are marked with colored strings or labels, indicating the hybrid combination and pollination date information, and the pollinated female flowers are bagged until the ovary begins to swell and then the bag is removed.

[0016] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0017] S201, planting the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization, and sowing and raising seedlings of the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization;

[0018] S202. During the growth period of the F1 generation plants, the growth potential, leaf shape, leaf color, and stem and vine thickness of the plants are observed and recorded;

[0019] S203. Remove plants with weak growth, poor development, or obvious diseases and insect pests, and retain plants with normal growth and hybrid vigor.

[0020] S204, allowing the F1 generation plants to self-pollinate and harvesting F2 generation seeds; among the F2 generation plants, screening the traits of fruit size, shape, color, sweetness, and yield according to the breeding goals, selecting individual plants with excellent trait combinations, marking and harvesting them respectively; planting the excellent individual plants selected from the F2 generation separately, continuing to self-pollinate and reproduce, and obtaining subsequent generations of F3 and F4 generations;

[0021] S205. After 4-6 generations of breeding, when the characteristics of the strain are stable and consistent and meet the breeding target requirements, it is determined to be a stable strain.

[0022] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0023] S301, seedling greenhouse disinfection: the closed greenhouse is fumigated with 400g of 30% procymidone fumigant plus 300g of 45% thiophanate-methyl fumigant per mu for 4 hours, and then the greenhouse vents are opened to exhaust smoke, and seedlings can be raised after 24 hours;

[0024] S302, matrix configuration: when raising seedlings, a 128-hole plug tray is used for melons, and a 72-hole plug tray is used for rootstocks. The melon seedling raising matrix can be prepared according to the volume ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite of 1:0.5:0.5;

[0025] S303, soaking and germinating: the coated seeds of the stable strain obtained in step S205 can be sown directly, and the uncoated seeds can be sown after soaking and germinating; the seeds are placed in a pot after drying, and soaked in 30°C warm water and 100 times 40% formalin respectively, and the soaked seeds are placed in a germination room for germination. During the germination period, the seeds should be turned over once every 6 hours, and the seeds can be sown when 70% to 80% of them are white;

[0026] S304, sowing: put the prepared substrate into the plug tray, stack the plug tray vertically, put an empty tray on top, and put a wooden board of similar size on the empty tray; sow the rootstock first, and when the two cotyledons of the rootstock are flattened, sow the melon. When sowing, put the seeds into the holes, 1 seed per hole, and cover the seeds with 1cm of substrate. After the entire plug tray is sown, spray the plug tray with 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution and cover it with a film;

[0027] S305. Seedbed management: When the seed buds are above the soil, remove the film and spray water in time to keep the moisture content of the substrate at 80% to 85%; spray 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution before the seedlings emerge and before grafting to prevent diseases;

[0028] S306. Grafting: Grafting is done by inserting method. When the two cotyledons of the melon seedling are flat and the rootstock has one leaf and one heart, grafting is done. When grafting, the part above the cotyledons of the rootstock is cut off with a blade. At the base of the cotyledons, a bamboo stick is inserted obliquely downward into the hypocotyl on the other side until a slight crack is made in the epidermis of the rootstock. The depth of the insertion is 1 cm. Then the hypocotyl of the melon seedling is cut into a 1 cm long oblique surface. Pull out the bamboo stick, align the cut surface of the melon seedling with the large oblique insertion surface of the rootstock, and quickly insert it into the hole of the rootstock. After the whole tray is grafted, cover it with film.

[0029] Furthermore, the step S4 specifically includes:

[0030] S401. Land preparation and fertilization: Before planting, deep plow the greenhouse to 30-35 cm, and apply decomposed farmyard manure, formula fertilizer, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron fertilizer, and cake fertilizer per mu;

[0031] S402, making ridges: dig straw reactor trenches with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm every 90 cm, put straw into the trenches, leave 10-15 cm space at the north and south ends of the trenches for ventilation, evenly spread the fungus on the straw, pat the straw with a shovel after spreading, let the fungus fall on the straw below, and then fill the trenches with soil to make the soil layer on the straw 25 cm thick, and then make a large ridge with the straw reactor trench as the midpoint, the large ridge bottom width is 90 cm, the ridge surface width is 70 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm, and the distance between the two large ridges is 40 cm;

[0032] S403, disinfection: closed greenhouse, every 100m 3 Use 100g sulfur powder and 350g sawdust to sterilize the greenhouse space. Mix the sulfur powder and sawdust, evenly pile them into several small piles at set distances in the greenhouse, ignite and fumigate for 24 hours, ventilate and spray the soil surface, walls and frames of the greenhouse with 100 times diluted 40% formalin for disinfection, and plant after 2 days of fumigation and spray disinfection.

[0033] Furthermore, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0034] S501. A large ridge and double-row cultivation method is adopted, with 2 rows planted on the ridge, a large row spacing of 90 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm; first, a micro-irrigation pipe is laid on the ridge according to the small row spacing, and a ground film is covered, and then, on the ridge surface, the seedlings are planted with a seedling planter according to the plant and row spacing, and the planting depth is based on the surface of the substrate of the seedlings being flush with the ground surface. The seedlings planted in the 2 rows should be staggered, and then the seedling holes are sealed;

[0035] S502, temperature and light management: the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 18℃; when the melon seedlings begin to grow, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the flowering period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the fruit-bearing period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28-30℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the ripening period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 12-15℃;

[0036] S503. Water and fertilizer management: After transplanting, water in small amounts to promote growth of the seedlings. Water once more after the seedlings have grown. Increase the amount of water during the flowering and fruiting period to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70%. When the melon grows to 4-5 cm in diameter, water to promote growth. Increase the amount of water during the melon expansion period to keep the soil moisture content at 80%-85%. Reduce the water requirement during the maturity period to keep the soil moisture content at 55%. Do not water 7 days before harvest.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] The present invention selects melon varieties with target traits as parents for cross pollination and offspring breeding, so as to screen out excellent plants with target traits, and then cultivates the excellent plants for strong seedlings and then plants them, and the strong seedling cultivation includes greenhouse disinfection, substrate configuration, seed soaking and germination, sowing, seedbed management, grafting, and finally the planted plants are planted and managed according to set rules. Through breeding, the melon yield is greatly increased to meet market demand; ultimately, the melon yield per unit area is effectively increased to meet market demand for melons, ensure the supply of agricultural products, and achieve higher economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] The present invention provides a method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties, comprising:

[0041] S1, selecting a melon variety with target traits as a parent, and using the parent for cross pollination. Specifically comprising the following steps:

[0042] S101. Select a melon variety with target traits as a parent, select a female flower that is about to bloom as a female parent, and select a male flower that blooms on the same day as a male parent.

[0043] According to the demand and planting environment, the cultivation goals are determined, such as pursuing high sweetness, high yield, strong disease resistance, storage and transportation resistance, etc., so as to select parent materials in a targeted manner. Select excellent parents: Select melon varieties with target traits as parents, requiring the parents to have high purity, stable traits, and strong compatibility.

[0044] On the female plant, select well-developed female flowers that are about to bloom, which usually have full ovaries and thick pedicels. At the same time, on the male plant, select male flowers that are blooming on the same day and have strong pollen vitality.

[0045] S102. 1-2 days before the female flowers open, carefully remove the stamens of the female flowers with tweezers or scissors, making sure to remove them completely to prevent self-pollination. When removing the stamens, be careful to avoid damaging the ovary and style of the female flowers.

[0046] S103. On the day when the male flower of the male parent blooms, use a brush or cotton swab to gently dip the male flower pollen and collect the pollen in a clean petri dish or vial between 9 and 11 a.m. The collected pollen should be kept dry and clean to avoid moisture or contamination.

[0047] S104, evenly apply the collected pollen from the male parent to the stigma of the female parent's female flower, dip a brush or pollinator in the pollen, and gently touch the stigma to ensure that the pollen is fully attached to the stigma. To increase the success rate of pollination, pollination can be performed once in the morning and afternoon of the day after the female flower opens.

[0048] S105. After pollination is completed, the pollinated female flowers are marked with colored strings or labels, indicating the hybrid combination and pollination date information. At the same time, in order to prevent contamination by other pollens, the pollinated female flowers can be bagged and the bags can be removed after the ovary begins to swell.

[0049] S2, carrying out offspring breeding of the hybrid pollinated seeds to select excellent plants with target traits; specifically comprising the following steps:

[0050] S201. Plant the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization, sow and raise seedlings of the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization. During the seedling raising process, provide suitable temperature, humidity and light conditions to ensure that the seedlings grow healthily.

[0051] S202. During the growth period of the F1 generation plants, the growth potential, leaf shape, leaf color, and stem and vine thickness of the plants are observed and recorded;

[0052] S203. Remove plants with weak growth, poor development, or obvious diseases and insect pests, and retain plants with normal growth and hybrid vigor.

[0053] S204. Allow the F1 generation plants to self-pollinate and harvest the F2 generation seeds. Starting from the F2 generation, trait separation will occur, and various target traits will be expressed in different combinations.

[0054] Individual plant selection: Among the F2 generation plants, the fruit size, shape, color, sweetness, yield and other traits are strictly screened according to the breeding goals, and the individual plants with excellent trait combinations are selected, marked and harvested separately.

[0055] Continuous self-pollination and screening: The excellent individual plants selected from the F2 generation are planted separately and self-pollinated to obtain the F3 generation, F4 generation and other subsequent generations. In each generation, strict screening and elimination are carried out according to the breeding goals to gradually make the excellent traits stable and inherited.

[0056] Comparison of strains: After multiple generations of self-pollination and screening, individual plants with similar excellent traits are combined into strains for comparative tests between strains. The yield, quality, stress resistance and other traits of each strain are comprehensively evaluated to select the strain with the best performance.

[0057] S205. After 4-6 generations of breeding, when the characteristics of the strain are stable and consistent and meet the breeding target requirements, it is determined to be a stable strain.

[0058] S3, cultivating the excellent plants to strengthen the seedlings, including greenhouse disinfection, substrate configuration, seed soaking and germination, sowing, seedbed management, and grafting; specifically including the following steps:

[0059] S301, sterilizing the seedling greenhouse; fumigating the closed greenhouse with 400g of 30% procymidone fumigant plus 300g of 45% thiophanate-methyl fumigant per mu for 4 hours, then opening the greenhouse vents to exhaust smoke, and then raising seedlings after 24 hours;

[0060] S302. Matrix configuration: When raising seedlings, use 128-hole plug trays for melons and 72-hole plug trays for rootstocks. The melon seedling matrix can be prepared according to the volume ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite of 1:0.5:0.5. To increase the nutrient content of the matrix, add 0.75 kg of diammonium phosphate per cubic meter of matrix. The diammonium phosphate should be crushed and mixed evenly with the matrix.

[0061] S303, soaking and germinating: the coated seeds of the stable strain obtained in step S205 can be directly sown, and the uncoated seeds can be sown after soaking and germinating; the seeds are aired for 1-2 days, then put into a basin, add an appropriate amount of 30°C warm water to soak for 20 minutes, scrub clean and then take out and air-dry, when the seed epidermis is slightly dry, add 40% formalin 100 times solution to soak the seeds for 20 minutes, take out and wash 3 times, and then soak in 30°C warm water, soak melon seeds for 5 hours, soak stock seeds for 11 hours, put the soaked seeds into a germination room for germination, turn them over every 6 hours during the germination period, and sow when 70%-80% of the seeds are white;

[0062] S304, sowing: put the prepared substrate into the plug tray, stack the plug tray vertically, put an empty tray on top, and put a wooden board of similar size on the empty tray; sow the rootstock first, and when the two cotyledons of the rootstock are flattened, sow the melon. When sowing, put the seeds into the holes, 1 seed per hole, and cover the seeds with 1cm of substrate. After the entire plug tray is sown, spray the plug tray with 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution and cover it with a film;

[0063] S305. Seedbed management: Before germination, the daytime temperature should be maintained at about 30℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at about 20℃. When the seed buds are above the soil, the film should be removed. After germination, the daytime temperature should be maintained at about 25℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃. Due to the small holes in the plug tray and the small amount of substrate, water should be sprayed in time during drought to keep the substrate moisture at 80% to 85%. Before the seedlings emerge and before grafting, spray 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution to prevent diseases.

[0064] S306, grafting; grafting is performed by inserting method, when the two cotyledons of the melon seedling are flat and the rootstock has one leaf and one heart, the grafting is performed, when grafting, the part above the cotyledons of the rootstock is cut off with a blade, at the base of the cotyledons, a bamboo stick is inserted obliquely downward into the hypocotyl on the other side until a slight crack is made in the epidermis of the rootstock, the insertion depth is 1 cm, and then the hypocotyl of the melon seedling is cut into a 1 cm long oblique surface, the bamboo stick is pulled out, the cut surface of the melon seedling is aligned with the large oblique insertion surface of the rootstock, and the rootstock is quickly inserted into the hole, and after the whole tray is grafted, a film is covered.

[0065] To prevent the melon seedlings from wilting, shade the plants on the day of grafting, and allow scattered light from the second day. Remove the shade after the melon seedlings start to grow after three days. Keep the daytime temperature at around 28°C and the nighttime temperature at around 20°C for the first three days after grafting; lower the temperature appropriately after three days, keep the daytime temperature at around 25°C and the nighttime temperature at around 18°C; keep the daytime temperature at around 22°C and the nighttime temperature at around 15°C before transplanting, and harden the seedlings; seal the greenhouse for the first three days after grafting, raise the air humidity to 90%, gradually ventilate and dehumidify after three days, and spray 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride aqueous solution at 750 times dilution to prevent diseases; water in time during drought to keep the substrate moist, and do not water for 2 to 3 days before transplanting.

[0066] S4. Prepare the land, apply fertilizer, make ridges and disinfect the greenhouse. The specific steps include:

[0067] S401. Land preparation and fertilization: Before planting, deep plow the greenhouse to 30-35 cm, and apply decomposed farmyard manure, formula fertilizer (N:P:K is 18:10:18), superphosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron fertilizer, and cake fertilizer.

[0068] S402, making ridges: dig straw reactor trenches with a width of 40cm and a depth of 25-30cm every 90cm, put the straw into the trenches, leave 10-15cm space at the north and south ends of the trenches for ventilation, spread the fungus evenly on the straw, pat the straw with a shovel after spreading, let the fungus fall on the straw below, and then fill the trenches with soil to make the soil layer on the straw about 25cm thick, then make a large ridge with the straw reactor trench as the midpoint, the large ridge bottom width is 90cm, the ridge surface width is 70cm, the ridge height is 20cm, and the distance between the two large ridges is 40cm.

[0069] S403, disinfection: closed greenhouse, every 100m 3 Use 100g sulfur powder and 350g sawdust to sterilize the greenhouse space. Mix the sulfur powder and sawdust, evenly pile them into several small piles at set distances in the greenhouse, ignite and fumigate for 24 hours, ventilate and spray the soil surface, walls and frames of the greenhouse with 100 times diluted 40% formalin for disinfection, and plant after 2 days of fumigation and spray disinfection.

[0070] S5. Planting is carried out in large ridges and double rows, and field management is performed. When the melons grow to maturity, they are harvested. The specific steps include:

[0071] S501. A large ridge and double-row cultivation method is adopted, with 2 rows planted on the ridge, a large row spacing of 90 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm; first, a micro-irrigation pipe is laid on the ridge according to the small row spacing, and a ground film is covered, and then, on the ridge surface, the seedlings are planted with a seedling planter according to the plant and row spacing, and the planting depth is based on the surface of the substrate of the seedlings being flush with the ground surface. The seedlings planted in the 2 rows should be staggered, and then the seedling holes are sealed;

[0072] S502, temperature and light management: the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained above 18℃; when the melon seedlings begin to grow, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained above 15℃; during the flowering period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained above 15℃; during the fruit-bearing period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28-30℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained above 15℃; during the ripening period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 12-15℃;

[0073] S503. Water and fertilizer management: After transplanting, water lightly to promote growth of seedlings. Water once more after growth of seedlings. Increase the amount of water during flowering and fruiting period to keep soil moisture content at 60%-70%. When the melon grows to 4-5 cm in diameter, water to promote growth of melons. Increase the amount of water during melon expansion period to keep soil moisture content at 80%-85%. Reduce water requirement during maturity period to keep soil moisture content at 55%. Do not water 7 days before harvest.

[0074] For the prevention and control of melon diseases, it is important to note that heavy watering is prohibited during low temperatures, and watering should be done in the morning on sunny days to prevent the ground temperature from lowering; cover with quilts in time to keep warm in winter, and use temporary heating equipment to increase the temperature before the cold wave comes to ensure the normal growth of the plants and enhance disease resistance; in order to increase the lighting time, under permitted conditions, the greenhouse covering should be uncovered early and covered late to allow as much scattered light as possible, and reflective curtains should be hung on the back wall in time, and fill lights should be installed if conditions permit; on cloudy days, spray the leaves with 20,000 times of Bihu solution + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 3000 times of 25% azoxystrobin suspension to improve the melon's resistance to stress and prevent diseases; in cold seasons, to prevent diseases caused by excessive humidity in the greenhouse, smoke agents or dust agents can be used to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. Downy mildew, gray mold, and anthracnose can be controlled with 25% bromomycin wettable powder at 2000 times dilution, powdery mildew can be controlled with 10% difenoconazole water-dispersible granules at 1000 times dilution, wilt can be controlled with 2% polyoxin wettable powder at 100 times dilution, blight can be controlled with 58% ridomycin mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times dilution, and angular leaf spot can be controlled with 4000 times dilution of phytosporin. Aphids, whiteflies, tea yellow mites, thrips, and leaf miners can be controlled with 1000 times dilution of 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate or 800 times dilution of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0075] The present invention selects melon varieties with target traits as parents for cross pollination and offspring breeding, so as to screen out excellent plants with target traits, and then cultivates the excellent plants for strong seedlings and then plants them, and the strong seedling cultivation includes greenhouse disinfection, substrate configuration, seed soaking and germination, sowing, seedbed management, grafting, and finally the planted plants are planted and managed according to set rules. Through breeding, the melon yield is greatly increased to meet market demand; ultimately, the melon yield per unit area is effectively increased to meet market demand for melons, ensure the supply of agricultural products, and achieve higher economic benefits.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, device, article or method including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, device, article or method. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "includes a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, device, article or method including the element.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties, characterized in that: include: S1, selecting a melon variety with target traits as a parent, and using the parent for cross pollination; S2. Selecting offspring from the hybrid pollinated seeds to select superior plants with target traits; S3, cultivating the excellent plants to strengthen their seedlings, including greenhouse disinfection, substrate configuration, seed soaking and germination, sowing, seedbed management, and grafting; S4. Prepare the land, apply fertilizer, make ridges and disinfect the greenhouse; S5. Use large ridge double-row cultivation method for planting and carry out field management. Harvest the melons when they grow to maturity.

2. The method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: S101, selecting a melon variety with target traits as a parent, selecting a female flower that is about to bloom as a female parent, and selecting a male flower that blooms on the same day as a male parent; S102. 1-2 days before the female flowers open, use tweezers or scissors to remove the stamens of the female flowers, making sure to remove them thoroughly to prevent self-pollination. S103. On the day when the male flower of the male parent blooms, use a brush or cotton swab to collect pollen from the male flower between 9 and 11 a.m. and collect the pollen in a clean petri dish or vial; S104, evenly applying the collected pollen of the male parent to the stigma of the female flower of the female parent, and pollinating once in the morning and once in the afternoon of the day after the female flower opens; S105. After pollination is completed, the pollinated female flowers are marked with colored strings or labels, indicating the hybrid combination and pollination date information, and the pollinated female flowers are bagged until the ovary begins to swell and then the bag is removed.

3. The method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: S201, planting the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization, and sowing and raising seedlings of the F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization; S202. During the growth period of the F1 generation plants, the growth potential, leaf shape, leaf color, and stem and vine thickness of the plants are observed and recorded; S203. Remove plants with weak growth, poor development, or obvious diseases and insect pests, and retain plants with normal growth and hybrid vigor. S204, allowing the F1 generation plants to self-pollinate and harvesting F2 generation seeds; among the F2 generation plants, screening the traits of fruit size, shape, color, sweetness, and yield according to the breeding goals, selecting individual plants with excellent trait combinations, marking and harvesting them respectively; planting the excellent individual plants selected from the F2 generation separately, continuing to self-pollinate and reproduce, and obtaining subsequent generations of F3 and F4 generations; S205. After 4-6 generations of breeding, when the characteristics of the strain are stable and consistent and meet the breeding target requirements, it is determined to be a stable strain.

4. The method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: S301, seedling greenhouse disinfection: the closed greenhouse is fumigated with 400g of 30% procymidone fumigant plus 300g of 45% thiophanate-methyl fumigant per mu for 4 hours, and then the greenhouse vents are opened to exhaust smoke, and seedlings can be raised after 24 hours; S302, matrix configuration: when raising seedlings, a 128-hole plug tray is used for melons, and a 72-hole plug tray is used for rootstocks. The melon seedling raising matrix can be prepared according to the volume ratio of peat: vermiculite: perlite of 1:0.5:0.5; S303, soaking and germinating: the coated seeds of the stable strain obtained in step S205 can be sown directly, and the uncoated seeds can be sown after soaking and germinating; the seeds are placed in a pot after drying, and soaked in 30°C warm water and 100 times 40% formalin respectively, and the soaked seeds are placed in a germination room for germination. During the germination period, the seeds should be turned over once every 6 hours, and the seeds can be sown when 70% to 80% of them are white; S304, sowing: put the prepared substrate into the plug tray, stack the plug tray vertically, put an empty tray on top, and put a wooden board of similar size on the empty tray; sow the rootstock first, and when the two cotyledons of the rootstock are flattened, sow the melon. When sowing, put the seeds into the holes, 1 seed per hole, and cover the seeds with 1cm of substrate. After the entire plug tray is sown, spray the plug tray with 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution and cover it with a film; S305. Seedbed management: When the seed buds are above the soil, remove the film and spray water in time to keep the moisture content of the substrate at 80% to 85%; spray 750 times diluted 72.2% cymoxanil hydrochloride solution before the seedlings emerge and before grafting to prevent diseases; S306. Grafting: Grafting is done by inserting method. When the two cotyledons of the melon seedling are flat and the rootstock has one leaf and one heart, grafting is done. When grafting, the part above the cotyledons of the rootstock is cut off with a blade. At the base of the cotyledons, a bamboo stick is inserted obliquely downward into the hypocotyl on the other side until a slight crack is made in the epidermis of the rootstock. The depth of the insertion is 1 cm. Then the hypocotyl of the melon seedling is cut into a 1 cm long oblique surface. Pull out the bamboo stick, align the cut surface of the melon seedling with the large oblique insertion surface of the rootstock, and quickly insert it into the hole of the rootstock. After the whole tray is grafted, cover it with film.

5. The method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes: S401. Land preparation and fertilization: Before planting, deep plow the greenhouse to 30-35 cm, and apply decomposed farmyard manure, formula fertilizer, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron fertilizer, and cake fertilizer per mu; S402, making ridges: dig straw reactor trenches with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm every 90 cm, put straw into the trenches, leave 10-15 cm space at the north and south ends of the trenches for ventilation, evenly spread the fungus on the straw, pat the straw with a shovel after spreading, let the fungus fall on the straw below, and then fill the trenches with soil to make the soil layer on the straw 25 cm thick, and then make a large ridge with the straw reactor trench as the midpoint, the large ridge bottom width is 90 cm, the ridge surface width is 70 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm, and the distance between the two large ridges is 40 cm; S403, disinfection: closed greenhouse, every 100m 3 Use 100g sulfur powder and 350g sawdust to sterilize the greenhouse space. Mix the sulfur powder and sawdust, evenly pile them into several small piles at set distances in the greenhouse, ignite and fumigate for 24 hours, ventilate and spray the soil surface, walls and frames of the greenhouse with 100 times diluted 40% formalin for disinfection, and plant after 2 days of fumigation and spray disinfection.

6. The method for breeding high-yield and high-quality melon varieties according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: S501. A large ridge and double-row cultivation method is adopted, with 2 rows planted on the ridge, a large row spacing of 90 cm, a small row spacing of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm; first, a micro-irrigation pipe is laid on the ridge according to the small row spacing, and a ground film is covered, and then, on the ridge surface, the seedlings are planted with a seedling planter according to the plant and row spacing, and the planting depth is based on the surface of the substrate of the seedlings being flush with the ground surface. The seedlings planted in the 2 rows should be staggered, and then the seedling holes are sealed; S502, temperature and light management: the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 18℃; when the melon seedlings begin to grow, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the flowering period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 25±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the fruit-bearing period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 28-30℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at above 15℃; during the ripening period, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 30±2℃, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 12-15℃; S503. Water and fertilizer management: After transplanting, water in small amounts to promote growth of the seedlings. Water once more after the seedlings have grown. Increase the amount of water during the flowering and fruiting period to keep the soil moisture content at 60%-70%. When the melon grows to 4-5 cm in diameter, water to promote growth. Increase the amount of water during the melon expansion period to keep the soil moisture content at 80%-85%. Reduce the water requirement during the maturity period to keep the soil moisture content at 55%. Do not water 7 days before harvest.