Oxygen production grain of wide-temperature-range chemical oxygen generator applicable to airplane and preparation method of oxygen production grain

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of emergency oxygen generation, in particular to an oxygen production grain of a wide-temperature-range chemical oxygen generator applicable to an airplane and a preparation method of the oxygen production grain, the oxygen production grain is of an integral structure formed by combining and pressing four layers of materials with the same components, and each layer comprises a material 4, a material 3, a material 2 and a material 1 in sequence from bottom to top; contact surfaces are formed among the material 4, the material 3, the material 2 and the material 1, the area of the upper surface of the material 4 is the same as that of the lower surface of the material 3, the area of the upper surface of the material 3 is the same as that of the lower surface of the material 2, the material 1 is located in the material 2, and the top end of the material 1 and the top end of the material 2 are located on the same plane; the oxygen supply requirements of different descending heights of an airplane under special extreme conditions can be met, the ground tolerable low temperature can reach-55 DEG C, and the low-temperature short-time working temperature is-40 DEG C; the ground can resist the high temperature of 80 DEG C, and the high-temperature short-time working temperature is 70 DEG C.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of emergency oxygen gas generation, and in particular to an oxygen-generating powder column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Chemical oxygen generators use chemical substances to react to produce oxygen. There are two common ways for chemical substances to produce oxygen. One is that superoxide reacts with water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. This type of chemical oxygen generator is often used in mining, firefighting, and individual self-rescue. Another type of chlorate decomposition reaction produces oxygen. This type of chemical oxygen generator mainly relies on its own thermal decomposition and the heat provided by the fuel reaction. No other substances are needed to promote the thermal decomposition of chlorate to produce oxygen. This type of device is often used in closed cabin spaces such as submarines, armored vehicles, and aircraft. The key to the oxygen production of chlorate chemical oxygen generators lies in the chlorate-based powder column. Its combustion and decomposition oxygen production process is similar to candle burning, and it is also called an "oxygen candle." The oxygen-producing powder column is usually composed of oxygen generators, reductants, oxidants, catalysts, chlorine inhibitors, binders and other main components. The chemical oxygen generator equipped on the aircraft mainly completes the oxygen supply function under cabin depressurization conditions, and is often customized according to the aircraft model, aircraft flight altitude, and flight mission. Therefore, when using chemical oxygen generators on aircraft, their oxygen-producing columns often need to be considered from multiple aspects such as size structure, composition ratio, etc., in order to meet the requirements of emergency oxygen supply in the event of cabin depressurization.

[0003] At present, the mainstream chemical oxygen generators in the world all adopt a layered structure design to meet the oxygen flow requirements at different altitudes. There is relatively little research on chemical oxygen generator grains for aircraft in China. Patent CN113800475A once announced a 5-layer stacked grain with a conical structure contact surface. This patent can meet the functional design requirements of some aircraft models, but the process is complicated, and the grain is processed in layers during the molding process. In addition, the temperature stability of the oxygen candles announced in this patent is still behind that of foreign countries, and the high and low temperature test tolerance range is -15℃~55℃. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides an oxygen-producing powder column for a wide temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft and a preparation method thereof, which solves the defects in the prior art, realizes that the oxygen-producing powder column has higher temperature stability, and meets the oxygen supply needs of aircraft at different descent altitudes under special extreme conditions. The ground tolerance is as low as -55°C, and the low temperature short-term working temperature is -40°C; the ground tolerance is as high as 80°C, and the high temperature short-term working temperature is 70°C.

[0005] The technical problem solved by the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: An oxygen-generating charge column for a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft, the oxygen-generating charge column being an integral structure formed by combining and pressing four layers of materials with the same composition, wherein each layer from bottom to top is material 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, wherein contact surfaces are formed between the materials 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, the upper surface of material 4 and the lower surface of material 3 have the same area, the upper surface of material 3 and the lower surface of material 2 have the same area, the material 1 is located inside the material 2, and the top of the material 1 and the top of the material 2 are located on the same plane; The total mass of the material in each layer of the oxygen-producing column is 100%, and the composition and mass fraction of the material in each layer are as follows: Oxygen generator 76%~90%, Reducing agent 1%~10%, Catalyst 0.5%~5%, Chlorine inhibitor 0.5%~3%, Binder 5% to 8%; The oxygen generator is sodium chlorate, the reducing agent is carbonyl iron powder, the catalyst is cobalt tetroxide, the chlorine inhibitor is barium peroxide, and the binder is one or more of silicon dioxide or alumina mixture; The contents of the reducing agent, catalyst and chlorine inhibitor contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 are gradually reduced in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4; The contents of oxygen generator and binder contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 gradually increase in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4.

[0006] Furthermore, the oxygen-producing charge column is a truncated cone structure as a whole, the material 1 is cylindrical, a pit is provided at the center of the upper surface of the material 1, and the outer circumference and the lower surface of the material 1 are both wrapped and covered by the material 2.

[0007] Furthermore, the weight of the oxygen-producing column is 290-320 g, of which the weight of material 1 is 20-30 g, the weight of material 2 is 110-140 g, the weight of material 3 is 90-120 g, and the weight of material 4 is 40-70 g.

[0008] A method for preparing an oxygen-producing powder column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft according to the present invention, the method comprises the following steps: Weigh material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 in sequence according to the ratio, then add the materials and granulating agent water in a star-shaped ball mill, mix the materials and granulate them; shape the granulated material 1 into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, then fix the small cylinder with a pit on the bottom of the truncated cone mold, add material 2, perform a second shaping and pressing, add material 3, perform a third shaping and pressing, add material 4, perform a fourth shaping and pressing, the pressure of these four shaping and pressing times gradually increases, and then naturally dry to obtain the oxygen-producing medicine column.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the total mass of each layer of material being 100%, the mass fraction of granulating agent water is 3%.

[0010] Furthermore, the oxygen-producing column is pressed to a pressure of 10 MPa for the last time and the pressure is maintained for 30 seconds.

[0011] Furthermore, the oxygen-producing powder column formed by the last pressing is dried at 110° C. for 24 hours and then dried naturally.

[0012] Furthermore, water is added to the granulator in equal amounts in several portions.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides an oxygen-producing column of a chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft with a wide temperature range, which can meet the oxygen supply needs of aircraft at different descent altitudes under special extreme conditions, and can withstand low temperatures of -55°C on the ground, with a short-term working temperature of -40°C; and withstand high temperatures of 80°C on the ground, with a short-term working temperature of 70°C.

[0014] 2. The present invention provides an oxygen-producing powder column for a wide temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft. The oxygen-producing powder column is designed as a truncated cone structure as a whole, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases, which is conducive to achieving the design requirement of reducing the oxygen supply gradient during the landing of the aircraft. In addition, the truncated cone structure design of the oxygen-producing powder column is conducive to the mold removal during the compression molding process of the powder column, and the process is efficient.

[0015] 3. The present invention provides an oxygen-producing charge for a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft. The charge has a core-shell structure design. The high-energy core design ensures the reliability of the start-up of the oxygen-producing charge. At the same time, the lower-energy external material coats the core surface, effectively avoiding the melting flow of the high-energy material reaction of the oxygen-producing charge, thereby improving the safety of the oxygen-producing charge.

[0016] 4. The present invention provides an oxygen-producing charge of a chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft over a wide temperature range, wherein the contents of reducing agent, catalyst and chlorine inhibitor corresponding to materials 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the oxygen-producing charge gradually decrease, while the contents of oxygen producing agent and binder gradually increase, and the oxygen production rate of the oxygen-producing charge is gradually controlled by pressurizing in stages and finally forming in one piece, thereby solving and compensating for the density difference problem during the pressing and forming process of the oxygen-producing charge, effectively avoiding the occurrence of interruption problems during the oxygen-producing charge process, and improving the overall mechanical strength of the oxygen-producing charge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is the normal temperature oxygen production data curve of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is the ground tolerance and low temperature short-time working oxygen production data curve of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is the ground tolerance and high temperature short-time working oxygen production data curve of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Embodiment 1: An oxygen-generating charge column for a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft, the oxygen-generating charge column being an integral structure formed by combining and pressing four layers of materials with the same composition, wherein each layer from bottom to top is material 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, wherein contact surfaces are formed between the materials 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, the upper surface of material 4 and the lower surface of material 3 have the same area, the upper surface of material 3 and the lower surface of material 2 have the same area, the material 1 is located inside the material 2, and the top of the material 1 and the top of the material 2 are located on the same plane; The total mass of the material in each layer of the oxygen-producing column is 100%, and the composition and mass fraction of the material in each layer are as follows: Oxygen generator 76%~90%, Reducing agent 1%~10%, Catalyst 0.5%~5%, Chlorine inhibitor 0.5%~3%, Binder 5% to 8%; The oxygen generator is sodium chlorate, the reducing agent is carbonyl iron powder, the catalyst is cobalt tetroxide, the chlorine inhibitor is barium peroxide, and the binder is one or more of silicon dioxide or alumina mixture; The contents of the reducing agent, catalyst and chlorine inhibitor contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 are gradually reduced in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4; The contents of oxygen generator and binder contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 gradually increase in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4.

[0023] The oxygen-producing charge column is a truncated cone structure as a whole, the material 1 is cylindrical, a pit is provided at the center of the upper surface of the material 1, and the outer circumference and the lower surface of the material 1 are both wrapped and covered by the material 2.

[0024] The weight of the oxygen-producing medicine column is 290-320 g, of which the weight of material 1 is 20-30 g, the weight of material 2 is 110-140 g, the weight of material 3 is 90-120 g, and the weight of material 4 is 40-70 g.

[0025] A method for preparing an oxygen-producing powder column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft according to the present invention comprises the following steps: Weigh material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 in sequence according to the ratio, then add the materials and granulating agent water in a star-shaped ball mill, mix the materials and granulate them; shape the granulated material 1 into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, then fix the small cylinder with a pit on the bottom of the truncated cone mold, add material 2, perform a second shaping and pressing, add material 3, perform a third shaping and pressing, add material 4, perform a fourth shaping and pressing, the pressure of these four shaping and pressing times gradually increases, and then naturally dry to obtain the oxygen-producing medicine column.

[0026] Based on the total mass of each layer of material being 100%, the mass fraction of granulating agent water is 3%.

[0027] The last compression pressure of the oxygen-producing column is 10Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 30s.

[0028] The oxygen-producing powder column formed by the last pressing is dried at 110°C for 24 hours and then dried naturally.

[0029] When adding water to the granulator, add equal amounts in several portions.

[0030] In actual use: In this embodiment, the composition percentages of materials 1, 2, 3, and 4 are shown in Table 1; Table 1. Ratio and content of different materials in oxygen-producing column

[0031] From Table 1, it can be seen that the contents of reducing agent, catalyst and chlorine inhibitor in material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 of the oxygen-producing medicine column are gradually reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the oxygen production rate of the oxygen-producing medicine column to gradually decrease; The oxygen-generating agent and binder contents in material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 of the oxygen-generating charge column are gradually increased, so as to solve and compensate for the density difference problem during the pressing and molding process of the oxygen-generating charge column.

[0032] Materials 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the oxygen-producing powder column are subjected to four shaping and pressing steps and are finally formed into one piece, which not only effectively avoids the occurrence of interruption problems in the oxygen-producing powder column process, but also improves the overall mechanical strength of the oxygen-producing powder column.

[0033] The oxygen-producing charge is a truncated cone structure as a whole. The material 1 is cylindrical, and there is a pit at the center of the upper surface of the material 1. The outer circumference and the lower surface of the material 1 are both wrapped and covered by the material 2. The oxygen production rate of the oxygen-producing charge is related to the cross-sectional area of ​​the charge. Under the same group ratio, the larger the cross-sectional area, the faster the oxygen production rate. The oxygen-producing charge is designed as a truncated cone structure as a whole, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases, which is conducive to achieving the design requirement of reducing the oxygen supply gradient during the landing of the aircraft. In addition, the truncated cone structure design of the oxygen-producing charge is conducive to the mold demolding during the charge pressing process, and the process is efficient; The pit design can be filled with powdered ignition agent or embedded in the space as an embedded ignition device, which is convenient for starting the oxygen-producing charge column; material 1 is a high-energy oxygen-producing material, which is in direct contact with the ignition agent or the ignition device to ensure the reliability of starting the oxygen-producing charge column; the pit-shaped cylinder is located at the core of the oxygen-producing charge column, and its outside is covered by the lower-energy material 2 to prevent the high-energy material 1 from melting and flowing after starting, thereby ensuring the safety of the oxygen-producing charge column.

[0034] Experimental preparation 1: According to the ratio, 25g of material 1, 135g of material 2, 100g of material 3 and 50g of material 4 were weighed, and then materials 1, 2, 3, 4 and 3% of granulating agent water were added in a star-shaped ball mill to mix and granulate the materials; the granulated material 1 was once shaped into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, and then the small cylinder with a pit was fixed on the bottom of the truncated cone mold, material 2 was added, and the second shaping and pressing was performed, material 3 was added for the third shaping and pressing, and material 4 was added for the fourth shaping and pressing. The last pressing pressure was 10Mpa, and the pressure was maintained for 30s. The pressed oxygen-producing medicine column was dried at 110°C for 24h, and the oxygen-producing medicine column according to the present invention was obtained after natural drying. Figure 1 shown.

[0035] The oxygen-producing charge is wrapped with 1 m long glass fiber paper, and then assembled into a chemical oxygen generator with a stainless steel shell, a filter material, a primer starting device, and an air outlet assembly. Then, the chemical oxygen generator air outlet pipeline and a mass flow meter are connected to carry out a room temperature performance test. The pass criterion for the test is that the oxygen production flow rate is higher than the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15 min and the oxygen production time is not less than 15 min, wherein the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15 min is drawn by the oxygen demand corresponding to different altitudes of emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0036] The test results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, the oxygen production time of 985s is greater than 15min, the total oxygen production is 84L, and the oxygen production flow rate during the process is higher than the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15min, which can meet the oxygen demand requirements of passengers for emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0037] Experimental preparation 2: According to the ratio, 30g of material 1, 140g of material 2, 90g of material 3 and 40g of material 4 were weighed, and then materials 1, 2, 3, 4 and 3% of granulating agent water were added in a star-shaped ball mill to mix and granulate the materials; the granulated material 1 was once shaped into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, and then the small cylinder with a pit was fixed on the bottom of the truncated cone mold, material 2 was added, and the second shaping and pressing was performed, material 3 was added for the third shaping and pressing, and material 4 was added for the fourth shaping and pressing. The last pressing pressure was 10Mpa, and the pressure was maintained for 30s. The pressed oxygen-producing medicine column was dried at 110°C for 24h, and the oxygen-producing medicine column of the present invention was obtained after natural drying. Figure 1 shown.

[0038] The oxygen-producing charge is wrapped with 1m long glass fiber paper, and then assembled into a chemical oxygen generator with a stainless steel shell, filter material, primer starting device, and air outlet assembly, and its low-temperature short-time working performance is tested. The test procedure is to place the chemical oxygen generator in a high and low temperature test box, keep it warm at a low temperature of -55°C for 5 hours, heat it to -40°C and keep it warm for 3h, take out the chemical oxygen generator and connect the air outlet pipeline and mass flow meter, and start working in 30 minutes. The test pass criterion is that the oxygen production flow rate is higher than the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15min and the oxygen production time is not less than 15min, wherein the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15min is drawn by the oxygen demand corresponding to different altitudes of emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0039] The test results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, the oxygen production time 1011s is greater than 15min, the total oxygen production is 79L, and the oxygen production flow rate during the process is higher than the oxygen flow benchmark curve of 2 people / 15min, which can meet the oxygen demand requirements of passengers in special low-temperature emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0040] Experimental preparation three: According to the ratio, 20g of material 1, 110g of material 2, 120g of material 3 and 70g of material 4 were weighed, and then materials 1, 2, 3, 4 and 3% of granulating agent water were added in a star-shaped ball mill to mix and granulate the materials; the granulated material 1 was once shaped into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, and then the small cylinder with a pit was fixed to the bottom of the truncated cone mold, material 2 was added, and the second shaping and pressing was performed, material 3 was added for the third shaping and pressing, and material 4 was added for the fourth shaping and pressing. The last pressing pressure was 10Mpa, and the pressure was maintained for 30s. The pressed oxygen-producing medicine column was dried at 110°C for 24h, and the oxygen-producing medicine column of the present invention was obtained after natural drying. Figure 1 shown.

[0041] The oxygen-producing charge is wrapped with 1 m long glass fiber paper, and then assembled into a chemical oxygen generator with a stainless steel shell, filter material, primer starting device, and air outlet assembly, and its high-temperature short-time working performance is tested. The test procedure is to place the chemical oxygen generator in a high and low temperature test box, keep it at a high temperature of 85°C for 5 hours, cool it to 70°C and keep it for 3 hours, take out the chemical oxygen generator and connect it to the air outlet pipeline and mass flow meter, and start working in 30 minutes. The test pass criterion is that the oxygen production flow rate is higher than the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15 minutes and the oxygen production time is not less than 15 minutes, wherein the oxygen flow reference curve of 2 people / 15 minutes is drawn by the oxygen demand corresponding to different altitudes of emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0042] The test results are as follows Figure 4 As shown, the oxygen production time of 940s is greater than 15min, the total oxygen production is 83L, and the oxygen production flow rate during the process is higher than the oxygen flow benchmark curve of 2 people / 15min, which can meet the oxygen demand requirements of passengers in special high-temperature emergency descent of the aircraft.

[0043] The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the field, various changes can be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention, which are all within the protection scope of this technology.

Claims

1. An oxygen-producing column for a wide temperature range chemical oxygen generator suitable for aircraft, characterized in that: The oxygen-producing charge column is an integral structure formed by pressing four layers of materials with the same composition, wherein each layer from bottom to top is material 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, wherein contact surfaces are formed between the materials 4, material 3, material 2 and material 1, wherein the upper surface of material 4 and the lower surface of material 3 have the same area, and the upper surface of material 3 and the lower surface of material 2 have the same area, and material 1 is located inside material 2, and the top of material 1 and the top of material 2 are located on the same plane; The total mass of the material in each layer of the oxygen-producing column is 100%, and the composition and mass fraction of the material in each layer are as follows: Oxygen generator 76%~90%, Reducing agent 1%~10%, Catalyst 0.5%~5%, Chlorine inhibitor 0.5%~3%, Binder 5% to 8%; The oxygen generator is sodium chlorate, the reducing agent is carbonyl iron powder, the catalyst is cobalt tetroxide, the chlorine inhibitor is barium peroxide, and the binder is one or more of silicon dioxide or alumina mixture; The contents of the reducing agent, catalyst and chlorine inhibitor contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 are gradually reduced in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4; The contents of oxygen generator and binder contained in the material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 gradually increase in the order of material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4.

2. The oxygen-producing powder column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen-producing charge column is a truncated cone structure as a whole, the material 1 is cylindrical, a pit is provided at the center of the upper surface of the material 1, and the outer circumference and the lower surface of the material 1 are both wrapped and covered by the material 2.

3. The oxygen-producing powder column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight of the oxygen-producing medicine column is 290-320 g, of which the weight of material 1 is 20-30 g, the weight of material 2 is 110-140 g, the weight of material 3 is 90-120 g, and the weight of material 4 is 40-70 g.

4. A method for preparing an oxygen-producing charge for a wide temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method steps are as follows: Weigh material 1, material 2, material 3 and material 4 in sequence according to the ratio, then add the materials and granulating agent water in a star-shaped ball mill, mix the materials and granulate them; shape the granulated material 1 into a small cylinder with a pit through a small cylindrical mold, then fix the small cylinder with a pit on the bottom of the truncated cone mold, add material 2, perform a second shaping and pressing, add material 3, perform a third shaping and pressing, add material 4, perform a fourth shaping and pressing, the pressure of these four shaping and pressing times gradually increases, and then naturally dry to obtain the oxygen-producing medicine column.

5. The oxygen-producing charge column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 4, characterized in that: Taking the total mass of each layer of material as 100%, the mass fraction of granulating agent water is 3%.

6. The oxygen-producing charge column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 4, characterized in that: The last compression pressure of the oxygen-producing column is 10Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 30s.

7. The oxygen-producing charge column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oxygen-producing powder column formed by the last pressing is dried at 110°C for 24 hours and then dried naturally.

8. The oxygen-producing charge column of a wide-temperature range chemical oxygen generator for aircraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: When adding water to the granulator, add equal amounts in several portions.

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