Chenopodium quinoa willd-peanut intercropping special fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a chenopodium quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The chenopodium quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer comprises organic components, inorganic components, microbial agents and a plant growth regulator, the organic components comprise humic acid and biomass, the inorganic components comprise a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a microelement fertilizer, the microbial agents comprise nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, and the plant growth regulator is a plant growth regulator. The plant growth regulator comprises amino acid, alginic acid and fulvic acid. The preparation process adopts simple processes of fermentation, mixing, granulation and the like. According to the technical scheme, fertilizer components are optimized, organic and inorganic mixing is adopted to provide basic nutrients, the influence on the environment is reduced, the microbial agent is added to improve the fertilizer utilization rate and facilitate soil improvement, the plant growth regulator is added to improve stress resistance, and the purposes of high efficiency, low cost, environmental protection and high yield are achieved. The preparation method of the fertilizer is simple and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and more particularly to a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, intercropping has attracted much attention because it can effectively improve land utilization, soil environment, and increase crop yield and quality. As two crops with high nutritional value and economic benefits, intercropping of peanuts and quinoa has broad application prospects.

[0003] Although the mainstream organic or inorganic compound fertilizers on the market can provide the necessary nutrients for crops, they often lack precise proportions tailored to the characteristics of the intercropping system, resulting in low nutrient utilization and possible soil and groundwater pollution due to excessive fertilization. In addition, most existing fertilizers ignore the root distribution, nutrient demand differences and mutual promotion mechanism of peanuts and quinoa, and fail to give full play to the advantages of intercropping, limiting the improvement of crop yield and quality.

[0004] As important crops, peanuts and quinoa have specific nutrient requirements during their growth. Traditional fertilizers often cannot meet the precise nutrient requirements of these two crops, resulting in low nutrient utilization and severe environmental pollution. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly special fertilizer for peanuts and quinoa. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a preparation method thereof, which optimizes the components by considering the growth characteristics of peanuts and quinoa to ensure the best nutrient utilization rate.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping comprises, by weight, 50-60 parts of organic components, 20-30 parts of inorganic components, 5-7 parts of microbial agents and 10-13 parts of plant growth regulators.

[0008] Preferably, the organic components include humic acid and biomass in a mass ratio of 1:5; the inorganic components include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and trace element fertilizers in a mass ratio of 10:1; the microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the plant growth regulators include amino acids, alginic acid and fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0009] Furthermore, the biomass includes crop straw and livestock manure, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15:15:15, and the trace element fertilizer is a medium trace element fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria are rhizobia; the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus megaterium, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus.

[0012] Among the above components, the use of organic components avoids environmental pollution, and is combined with inorganic components to ensure the fertilizer needs of intercropped crops. Microbial agents adjust the root system and soil flora and improve the utilization rate of effective components in the soil. Plant growth regulators can effectively improve the stress resistance of crops.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) mixing and crushing the biomass in proportion, adjusting the moisture content, composting and fermenting, turning the compost regularly, and continuing the fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain fermented biomass;

[0015] (2) mixing the inorganic components and the plant growth regulator with the fermented biomass obtained in step (1) to obtain a primary mixture;

[0016] (3) placing the primary mixture obtained in step (2) in a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules;

[0017] (4) drying the wet granules obtained in step (3) and cooling them, and then mixing them evenly with a microbial agent to obtain a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the moisture content is adjusted to 60%-70%, the compost fermentation temperature is 55-65° C., and the compost is turned every 2-3 days.

[0019] Preferably, the granulation particle size in step (3) is 3-5 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (4) is 60-75°C.

[0021] Preferably, natural cooling is adopted in step (4).

[0022] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is based on the growth characteristics of quinoa and peanuts, optimizes fertilizer components, adopts an organic-inorganic mixture to provide basic nutrients, reduces the impact on the environment, adds microbial agents to improve fertilizer utilization and help improve soil, and adds plant growth regulators to improve stress resistance, thereby achieving the purposes of high efficiency, low cost, environmental protection, and high yield. In addition, the fertilizer preparation method of the present invention is simple and suitable for large-scale promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer, including, by weight: 50 parts of organic components, 30 parts of inorganic components, 5 parts of microbial agents and 13 parts of plant growth regulators;

[0027] The organic components include humic acid and biomass (crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1) with a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0028] The inorganic components include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and medium and trace element fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 10:1;

[0029] The microbial agents include rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0030] The plant growth regulators include amino acids, alginic acid and fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0031] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) mixing crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, crushing the mixture, adjusting the moisture content to 60%-70%, composting and fermenting at 55-65° C., turning the compost every 2-3 days, and continuing the fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain fermented biomass;

[0033] (2) mixing the inorganic components and the plant growth regulator with the fermented biomass obtained in step (1) to obtain a primary mixture;

[0034] (3) placing the primary mixture obtained in step (2) in a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules with a particle size of 3-5 mm;

[0035] (4) drying the wet granules obtained in step (3) at 60-75° C. and then cooling them naturally, and then mixing them evenly with a microbial agent to obtain a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Quinoa-peanut intercropping fertilizer, including, by weight: 56 parts of organic components, 24 parts of inorganic components, 6 parts of microbial agents and 12 parts of plant growth regulators;

[0038] The organic components include humic acid and biomass (crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1) with a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0039] The inorganic components include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and medium and trace element fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 10:1;

[0040] The microbial agents include rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0041] The plant growth regulators include amino acids, alginic acid and fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0042] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0043] (1) mixing crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, crushing the mixture, adjusting the moisture content to 60%-70%, composting and fermenting at 55-65° C., turning the compost every 2-3 days, and continuing the fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain fermented biomass;

[0044] (2) mixing the inorganic components and the plant growth regulator with the fermented biomass obtained in step (1) to obtain a primary mixture;

[0045] (3) placing the primary mixture obtained in step (2) in a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules with a particle size of 3-5 mm;

[0046] (4) drying the wet granules obtained in step (3) at 60-75° C. and then cooling them naturally, and then mixing them evenly with a microbial agent to obtain a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer, including, by weight: 60 parts of organic components, 20 parts of inorganic components, 7 parts of microbial agents and 10 parts of plant growth regulators;

[0049] The organic components include humic acid and biomass (crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1) with a mass ratio of 1:5;

[0050] The inorganic components include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and medium and trace element fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 10:1;

[0051] The microbial agents include rhizobium, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0052] The plant growth regulators include amino acids, alginic acid and fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0053] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) mixing crop straw and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 1:1, crushing the mixture, adjusting the moisture content to 60%-70%, composting and fermenting at 55-65° C., turning the compost every 2-3 days, and continuing the fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain fermented biomass;

[0055] (2) mixing the inorganic components and the plant growth regulator with the fermented biomass obtained in step (1) to obtain a primary mixture;

[0056] (3) placing the primary mixture obtained in step (2) in a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules with a particle size of 3-5 mm;

[0057] (4) drying the wet granules obtained in step (3) at 60-75° C. and then cooling them naturally, and then mixing them evenly with a microbial agent to obtain a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] The difference from Example 2 is that the organic component is replaced by an inorganic component of equal mass.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] The difference from Example 2 is that the inorganic component is replaced by an organic component of equal mass.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] The difference from Example 2 is that no microbial agent is added.

[0064] Comparative Example 4

[0065] The difference from Example 2 is that no plant growth regulator is added.

[0066] Experimental example

[0067] The experimental field was selected for regional division, and a total of 8 plots were divided, each plot was 100 m2, and quinoa-peanut was intercropped, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. The 8 plots corresponded to Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-4, and a blank control group (no fertilizer was used), respectively, with a fertilizer application rate of 50 kg / mu, and the harvest was counted after planting, as shown in Table 1:

[0068] Table 1 Peanut and quinoa yields in each plot

[0069]

[0070] The above results show that the use of the fertilizer of the present invention can effectively increase the yield, and the technical solution of the present invention uses organic components as the majority of the nutrient source, which can effectively avoid the pollution of groundwater by excess fertilizer.

[0071] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in this field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals and technicians in this field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown in this article, but will comply with the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, it comprises: 50-60 parts of organic components, 20-30 parts of inorganic components, 5-7 parts of microbial agents and 10-13 parts of plant growth regulators.

2. A quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic components include humic acid and biomass in a mass ratio of 1:5; the inorganic components include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and trace element fertilizers in a mass ratio of 10:1; the microbial agents include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the plant growth regulators include amino acids, alginic acid and fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 5:3:

1.

3. A quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biomass includes crop straw and livestock manure, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:

1.

4. A quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a ratio of 15:15:15, and the trace element fertilizer is a medium trace element fertilizer.

5. A quinoa-peanut intercropping special fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are rhizobia; the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus megaterium, and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus.

6. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing and crushing the biomass in proportion, adjusting the moisture content, composting and fermenting, turning the compost regularly, and continuing the fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain fermented biomass; (2) mixing the inorganic components and the plant growth regulator with the fermented biomass obtained in step (1) to obtain a primary mixture; (3) placing the primary mixture obtained in step (2) in a granulator for granulation to obtain wet granules; (4) drying the wet granules obtained in step (3) and cooling them, and then mixing them evenly with a microbial agent to obtain a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

7. The method for preparing a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (1), the moisture content is adjusted to 60%-70%, the compost fermentation temperature is adjusted to 55-65° C., and the compost is turned every 2-3 days.

8. The method for preparing a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The granulation particle size in step (3) is 3-5 mm.

9. The method for preparing a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (4) is 60-75°C.

10. The method for preparing a special fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (4), natural cooling is adopted.

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