Automatic nucleic acid detection system and method based on microfluidic technology

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic nucleic acid detection system and method based on a microfluidic technology, and relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection.The method comprises the steps that S1, a microfluidic system is constructed; s2, inputting a nucleic acid sample to be detected into a sample inlet, and inputting a detection reagent into a detection reagent inlet; s3, performing pretreatment operation on a to-be-detected nucleic acid sample in the sample pretreatment area to obtain a DNA sample of the to-be-detected nucleic acid. The method comprises the following steps: performing cell lysis, protein degradation, polysaccharide precipitation, heating precipitation and other operations on a to-be-detected nucleic acid sample to obtain a DNA sample of the to-be-detected nucleic acid, performing DNA denaturation, annealing and extension treatment on the DNA sample of the to-be-detected nucleic acid to obtain an amplified DNA sample of the to-be-detected nucleic acid, and finally detecting the nucleic acid in the to-be-detected nucleic acid sample. And the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected is subjected to nucleic acid detection, so that the problem of misjudgment of a nucleic acid detection result caused by too few DNA of the obtained target cells due to too few target cells is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection, and in particular to an automatic nucleic acid detection system and method based on microfluidics technology. Background Art

[0002] The nucleic acid test method is a method of determining whether a person is infected by a virus by looking for the presence of DNA and RNA of foreign invading viruses in the patient's respiratory specimens, blood or feces. It is the gold standard for confirming infection with the new coronavirus. After the new coronavirus infects the human body, it will first multiply in the respiratory system. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether a person is infected by testing the viral nucleic acid in sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs.

[0003] Existing nucleic acid detection methods do not amplify the DNA of target cells. When there are too few target cells, the amount of target cell DNA is too small, which may cause the detection reagent to be unable to detect the DNA of the target cells, which may lead to misjudgment of the test results. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a nucleic acid automatic detection system and method based on microfluidic technology is provided. The technical solution solves the problem that the existing nucleic acid detection method proposed in the above background technology does not amplify the DNA of the target cells. When the target cells are too few, the amount of DNA in the target cells is too little, which may cause the detection reagent to be unable to detect the DNA of the target cells, which may lead to misjudgment of the detection results.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology, comprising:

[0007] S1. Construct a microfluidic system, wherein the microfluidic system includes a microprocessor, a microfluidic pump, a sample pretreatment area, a PCR amplification area, a nucleic acid detection area, a sample inlet, and a detection reagent inlet;

[0008] S2. Input the nucleic acid sample to be detected into the sample inlet, and input the detection reagent into the detection reagent inlet;

[0009] S3. Based on the microprocessor, pre-processing operations are performed on the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0010] S4, based on the microprocessor, performing PCR amplification processing on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0011] S5. Based on the microprocessor, the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected is detected and analyzed in the nucleic acid detection area to obtain the nucleic acid detection result.

[0012] Preferably, the step S1, constructing a microfluidic system, specifically comprises the following steps:

[0013] S11, performing data reading and processing on the database system to obtain the design drawings of the microfluidic system;

[0014] S12, reading and processing the design drawings of the microfluidic system to obtain the design size information, microprocessor and microfluidic pump of the microfluidic system;

[0015] S13, designing the structure of the microfluidic system according to the PDMS inverted mold technology and the design size information of the microfluidic system to obtain an initial microfluidic system;

[0016] S14, performing position analysis on the design drawings of the microfluidic system to determine the partition positions of the microfluidic system;

[0017] S15. Design partitions of the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system to obtain a microfluidic system.

[0018] Preferably, the step S15, designing the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, and obtaining the microfluidic system specifically comprises the following steps:

[0019] S151, partitioning the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, determining the installation position of the microprocessor, the installation position of the microfluidic pump, the sample pretreatment area, the PCR amplification area, the nucleic acid detection area, the sample inlet, the detection reagent inlet and the microfluidic channel;

[0020] S152, installing the microprocessor and the microfluidic pump in the initial microfluidic system according to the installation position of the microprocessor and the installation position of the microfluidic pump;

[0021] S153, installing corresponding sample processing equipment in the sample pretreatment area and PCR amplification area;

[0022] S154. Connect the sample inlet, sample pretreatment area, PCR amplification area, and nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel, and connect the detection reagent inlet and nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel to obtain a microfluidic system.

[0023] Preferably, the S3, based on a microprocessor, pre-processing the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps:

[0024] S31, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected at the sample inlet to the sample pretreatment area through the microfluidic channel;

[0025] S32, controlling the sample processing equipment in the sample preprocessing area based on a microprocessor to perform cell filtration processing on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtaining target cells to be processed;

[0026] S33. Based on the CTAB method, DNA is extracted from the target cells to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0027] Preferably, the step S33, performing DNA extraction on the target cells to be processed based on the CTAB method to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps:

[0028] S331, performing a lysis treatment on the target cells to be treated based on sodium dodecyl sulfate to obtain the cell contents;

[0029] S332, performing protein degradation treatment on the cell contents based on proteinase K to obtain the cell contents after the first treatment;

[0030] S333. Based on a microprocessor, the cell contents after the first treatment are subjected to precipitation and heating treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0031] Preferably, the step S333, based on a microprocessor, performing precipitation and heating treatment on the cell contents after the first treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps:

[0032] S3331. Based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the protein-free cell contents are subjected to polysaccharide precipitation treatment to obtain the cell contents after the second treatment;

[0033] S3332, based on the microprocessor, heating the cell contents after the second treatment to obtain the cell contents after the third treatment;

[0034] S3333. Based on ethanol, the cell contents after the third treatment are subjected to nucleic acid precipitation treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0035] Preferably, the step S4, based on a microprocessor, performs PCR amplification on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps:

[0036] S41, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the sample pretreatment area to the PCR amplification area through the microfluidic channel;

[0037] S42, based on a microprocessor, heating the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0038] S43. Based on the microprocessor, amplify the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0039] Preferably, the S43, based on a microprocessor, amplifying the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtaining the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps:

[0040] S431, based on the microprocessor, annealing the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the primer-bound single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0041] S432, using DNA polymerase, performing complementary treatment on the primers of any two nucleic acids to be detected and the single-stranded DNA to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification;

[0042] S433. Based on the microprocessor, control the sample processing equipment in the PCR amplification area to repeat steps S431-S432 for the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification, so as to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the amplification.

[0043] Preferably, the S5, based on a microprocessor, performs detection and analysis on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the nucleic acid detection area, and obtaining the nucleic acid detection result specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] S51, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to the nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel:

[0045] S52. The detection reagents in the nucleic acid detection area perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result.

[0046] Furthermore, a nucleic acid automatic detection system based on microfluidic technology is proposed, which is used to implement the nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidic technology as described above, comprising:

[0047] A microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is used to control each module to perform sample pretreatment, DNA amplification and nucleic acid detection on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtain the nucleic acid detection result;

[0048] A microfluidic pump, which is used to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected to each area in the microfluidic system;

[0049] A sample pretreatment area, wherein the sample pretreatment area is used to perform cell filtration, cell lysis, and DNA precipitation on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, so as to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0050] PCR amplification area, the PCR amplification area is used to denature, anneal and extend the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0051] A nucleic acid detection area, wherein the nucleic acid detection area is used to perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result;

[0052] A sample inlet, wherein the sample inlet is used to place a nucleic acid sample to be detected;

[0053] A detection reagent inlet is used to place the detection reagent.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a nucleic acid automatic detection system and method based on microfluidics technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] The present invention first performs cell lysis, protein degradation, polysaccharide precipitation, heat precipitation and other operations on the nucleic acid sample to be detected to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, then performs DNA denaturation, annealing and extension treatment on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, and finally performs nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, thereby avoiding the problem of misjudgment of the nucleic acid detection result due to too few target cells resulting in too little DNA of the target cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S1-S5 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed in the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S11-S15 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S151-S154 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S31-S33 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5This is a schematic flow chart of steps S331-S333 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S3331-S3333 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S41-S43 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S431-S433 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0064] Fig. 9 This is a schematic flow chart of steps S51-S52 in a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention;

[0065] Fig.10 This is a structural block diagram of an automatic nucleic acid detection system based on microfluidics technology proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art may think of other obvious variations.

[0067] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology comprises:

[0068] S1. Construct a microfluidic system, wherein the microfluidic system includes a microprocessor, a microfluidic pump, a sample pretreatment area, a PCR amplification area, a nucleic acid detection area, a sample inlet, and a detection reagent inlet;

[0069] S2. Input the nucleic acid sample to be detected into the sample inlet, and input the detection reagent into the detection reagent inlet;

[0070] S3. Based on the microprocessor, pre-processing operations are performed on the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0071] S4, based on the microprocessor, performing PCR amplification processing on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0072] S5. Based on the microprocessor, the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected is detected and analyzed in the nucleic acid detection area to obtain the nucleic acid detection result;

[0073] It is understandable to those skilled in the art that when collecting samples from test personnel, improper operation may result in too few sample cells being collected. When there are too few sample cells, the DNA of the sample cells is also too little. The detection reagent is used to examine DNA, and obtaining the DNA of the sample cells requires lysing and precipitating the sample cells. The above operations may cause damage to the DNA of the sample cells, which in turn may make it impossible to extract the DNA of the target cells, resulting in misjudgment of the test results and reducing the accuracy of nucleic acid testing.

[0074] Reference Figure 2 As shown, S1, constructing a microfluidic system specifically includes the following steps:

[0075] S11, performing data reading and processing on the database system to obtain the design drawings of the microfluidic system;

[0076] S12, reading and processing the design drawings of the microfluidic system to obtain the design size information, microprocessor and microfluidic pump of the microfluidic system;

[0077] S13, designing the structure of the microfluidic system according to the PDMS inverted mold technology and the design size information of the microfluidic system to obtain an initial microfluidic system;

[0078] S14, performing position analysis on the design drawings of the microfluidic system to determine the partition positions of the microfluidic system;

[0079] S15. Design partitions of the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system to obtain a microfluidic system.

[0080] Reference Figure 3 As shown, S15, partition design of the initial microfluidic system is performed according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, and obtaining the microfluidic system specifically includes the following steps:

[0081] S151, partitioning the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, determining the installation position of the microprocessor, the installation position of the microfluidic pump, the sample pretreatment area, the PCR amplification area, the nucleic acid detection area, the sample inlet, the detection reagent inlet and the microfluidic channel;

[0082] S152, installing the microprocessor and the microfluidic pump in the initial microfluidic system according to the installation position of the microprocessor and the installation position of the microfluidic pump;

[0083] S153, installing corresponding sample processing equipment in the sample pretreatment area and PCR amplification area;

[0084] S154, connecting the sample inlet, the sample pretreatment area, the PCR amplification area, and the nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel, and connecting the detection reagent inlet and the nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel to obtain a microfluidic system;

[0085] In this embodiment, there are different partitions in the microfluidic system, and different partitions perform different functions. Therefore, the initial microfluidic system is partitioned according to the order of executing functions, and the different partitions are connected through microchannels, so that the nucleic acid samples to be detected can enter different partitions, avoiding the problem of contamination of the nucleic acid samples to be detected when the sample cells are transferred externally.

[0086] Reference Figure 4 As shown, S3, based on the microprocessor, pre-processing the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area, and obtaining the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] S31, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected at the sample inlet to the sample pretreatment area through the microfluidic channel;

[0088] S32, controlling the sample processing equipment in the sample preprocessing area based on a microprocessor to perform cell filtration processing on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtaining target cells to be processed;

[0089] S33. Based on the CTAB method, DNA is extracted from the target cells to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0090] Reference Figure 5 As shown, S33, based on the CTAB method, DNA extraction is performed on the target cells to be processed to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] S331, performing a lysis treatment on the target cells to be treated based on sodium dodecyl sulfate to obtain the cell contents;

[0092] S332, performing protein degradation treatment on the cell contents based on proteinase K to obtain the cell contents after the first treatment;

[0093] S333. Based on a microprocessor, the cell contents after the first treatment are subjected to precipitation and heating treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0094] Reference Figure 6 As shown, S333, based on a microprocessor, the cell contents after the first treatment are subjected to precipitation and heating treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0095] S3331. Based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the protein-free cell contents are subjected to polysaccharide precipitation treatment to obtain the cell contents after the second treatment;

[0096] S3332, based on the microprocessor, heating the cell contents after the second treatment to obtain the cell contents after the third treatment;

[0097] S3333. Performing nucleic acid precipitation treatment on the cell contents after the third treatment based on ethanol to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0098] In this embodiment, the DNA in the cells is stored in chromosomes, and the chromosomes are composed of substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA. Therefore, the target cells to be treated are lysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate to release the substances in the cells, and then corresponding treatments are performed according to the characteristics of the chromosomes to obtain DNA samples of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0099] Reference Figure 7 As shown, S4, based on the microprocessor, PCR amplification is performed on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area, and obtaining the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] S41, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the sample pretreatment area to the PCR amplification area through the microfluidic channel;

[0101] S42, based on a microprocessor, heating the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0102] S43. Based on the microprocessor, amplify the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

[0103] Reference Figure 8 As shown, S43, based on a microprocessor, amplifying the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtaining the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically includes the following steps:

[0104] S431, based on the microprocessor, annealing the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the primer-bound single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0105] S432, using DNA polymerase, performing complementary treatment on the primers of any two nucleic acids to be detected and the single-stranded DNA to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification;

[0106] S433, based on the microprocessor, controlling the sample processing device in the PCR amplification area to repeat steps S431-S432 for the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification, to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the amplification;

[0107] In this embodiment, PCR has the characteristics of sensitivity, specificity, speed and simplicity, and generally consists of 20 to 35 cycles, each cycle including the following three steps: denaturation (90-95°C), separation of double-stranded DNA and unwinding into single strands; annealing (40-60°C), binding of primers to single-stranded DNA; extension (70-75°C), synthesis of complementary chains under the action of DNA polymerase.

[0108] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, S5, based on the microprocessor, the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected is detected and analyzed in the nucleic acid detection area, and obtaining the nucleic acid detection result specifically includes the following steps:

[0109] S51, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to the nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel:

[0110] S52. The detection reagents in the nucleic acid detection area perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result.

[0111] Reference Fig.10 As shown, a nucleic acid automatic detection system based on microfluidic technology is used to implement the nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidic technology as described above, comprising:

[0112] A microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is used to control each module to perform sample pretreatment, DNA amplification and nucleic acid detection on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtain the nucleic acid detection result;

[0113] A microfluidic pump, which is used to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected to each area in the microfluidic system;

[0114] A sample pretreatment area, wherein the sample pretreatment area is used to perform cell filtration, cell lysis, and DNA precipitation on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, so as to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0115] PCR amplification area, the PCR amplification area is used to denature, anneal and extend the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected;

[0116] A nucleic acid detection area, wherein the nucleic acid detection area is used to perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result;

[0117] A sample inlet, wherein the sample inlet is used to place a nucleic acid sample to be detected;

[0118] A detection reagent inlet is used to place the detection reagent.

[0119] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology, characterized in that: include: S1. Construct a microfluidic system, wherein the microfluidic system includes a microprocessor, a microfluidic pump, a sample pretreatment area, a PCR amplification area, a nucleic acid detection area, a sample inlet, and a detection reagent inlet; S2. Input the nucleic acid sample to be detected into the sample inlet, and input the detection reagent into the detection reagent inlet; S3. Based on the microprocessor, pre-processing operations are performed on the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected; S4, based on the microprocessor, performing PCR amplification processing on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected; S5. Based on the microprocessor, the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected is detected and analyzed in the nucleic acid detection area to obtain the nucleic acid detection result.

2. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1, constructing a microfluidic system specifically comprises the following steps: S11, performing data reading and processing on the database system to obtain the design drawings of the microfluidic system; S12, reading and processing the design drawings of the microfluidic system to obtain the design size information, microprocessor and microfluidic pump of the microfluidic system; S13, designing the structure of the microfluidic system according to the PDMS inverted mold technology and the design size information of the microfluidic system to obtain an initial microfluidic system; S14, performing position analysis on the design drawings of the microfluidic system to determine the partition positions of the microfluidic system; S15. Design partitions of the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system to obtain a microfluidic system.

3. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S15, partitioning the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, and obtaining the microfluidic system specifically comprises the following steps: S151, partitioning the initial microfluidic system according to the partition positions of the microfluidic system, determining the installation position of the microprocessor, the installation position of the microfluidic pump, the sample pretreatment area, the PCR amplification area, the nucleic acid detection area, the sample inlet, the detection reagent inlet and the microfluidic channel; S152, installing the microprocessor and the microfluidic pump in the initial microfluidic system according to the installation position of the microprocessor and the installation position of the microfluidic pump; S153, installing corresponding sample processing equipment in the sample pretreatment area and PCR amplification area; S154. Connect the sample inlet, sample pretreatment area, PCR amplification area, and nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel, and connect the detection reagent inlet and nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel to obtain a microfluidic system.

4. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3, based on the microprocessor, pre-processing the nucleic acid sample to be detected in the sample pre-processing area to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically includes the following steps: S31, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected at the sample inlet to the sample pretreatment area through the microfluidic channel; S32, controlling the sample processing equipment in the sample preprocessing area based on a microprocessor to perform cell filtration processing on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtaining target cells to be processed; S33. Based on the CTAB method, DNA is extracted from the target cells to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

5. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S33, based on the CTAB method, extracting DNA from the target cells to be processed to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps: S331, performing a lysis treatment on the target cells to be treated based on sodium dodecyl sulfate to obtain the cell contents; S332, performing protein degradation treatment on the cell contents based on proteinase K to obtain the cell contents after the first treatment; S333. Based on a microprocessor, the cell contents after the first treatment are subjected to precipitation and heating treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

6. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S333, based on a microprocessor, performing precipitation and heating treatment on the cell contents after the first treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps: S3331. Based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the protein-free cell contents are subjected to polysaccharide precipitation treatment to obtain the cell contents after the second treatment; S3332, based on the microprocessor, heating the cell contents after the second treatment to obtain the cell contents after the third treatment; S3333. Based on ethanol, the cell contents after the third treatment are subjected to nucleic acid precipitation treatment to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

7. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4, based on a microprocessor, performs PCR amplification on the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps: S41, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the sample pretreatment area to the PCR amplification area through the microfluidic channel; S42, based on a microprocessor, heating the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected; S43. Based on the microprocessor, amplify the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected.

8. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S43, based on a microprocessor, amplifying the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtaining the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected specifically comprises the following steps: S431, based on the microprocessor, annealing the single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the primer-bound single-stranded DNA of the nucleic acid to be detected; S432, using DNA polymerase, performing complementary treatment on the primers of any two nucleic acids to be detected and the single-stranded DNA to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification; S433. Based on the microprocessor, control the sample processing equipment in the PCR amplification area to repeat steps S431-S432 for the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the first amplification, so as to obtain the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected after the amplification.

9. The method for automatic nucleic acid detection based on microfluidics technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: S5, based on the microprocessor, performs detection and analysis on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the nucleic acid detection area, and obtains the nucleic acid detection result, specifically including the following steps: S51, the microprocessor controls the microfluidic pump to transport the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected in the PCR amplification area to the nucleic acid detection area through the microfluidic channel: S52. The detection reagents in the nucleic acid detection area perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result.

10. A nucleic acid automatic detection system based on microfluidics technology, used to implement a nucleic acid automatic detection method based on microfluidics technology as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: A microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is used to control each module to perform sample pretreatment, DNA amplification and nucleic acid detection on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, and obtain the nucleic acid detection result; A microfluidic pump, which is used to transport the nucleic acid sample to be detected to each area in the microfluidic system; A sample pretreatment area, wherein the sample pretreatment area is used to perform cell filtration, cell lysis, and DNA precipitation on the nucleic acid sample to be detected, so as to obtain a DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected; PCR amplification area, the PCR amplification area is used to denature, anneal and extend the DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected, and obtain the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected; A nucleic acid detection area, wherein the nucleic acid detection area is used to perform nucleic acid detection on the amplified DNA sample of the nucleic acid to be detected to obtain the nucleic acid detection result; A sample inlet, wherein the sample inlet is used to place a nucleic acid sample to be detected; A detection reagent inlet is used to place the detection reagent.

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