Electrochemical synthesis method and apparatus programmable for electric and magnetic field control

Abstract

The application provides an electrochemical synthesis method and device capable of programmable electric field and magnetic field control, and relates to the technical field of electrical devices.The device comprises an electrolytic cell, two electrodes, a programmable alternating current source, a magnetic field generating device and a control device.The electrolytic cell is used for containing electrolyte for generating an electrochemical reaction.The programmable alternating current source is connected with the two electrodes and used for providing an alternating electric field into the electrolytic cell.The magnetic field generating device is used for providing an alternating magnetic field into the electrolytic cell.The control device is used for adjusting the parameters of the programmable alternating current source, so as to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and adjust the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field, so as to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and directionally prepare materials.The application can prepare materials capable of advantageous reconstruction, so that when the materials are used as cathodes and anodes in batteries, the deterioration tendency occurring in the charging and discharging process can be reduced, and then physical and chemical changes of metals or other materials on the surfaces of the cathodes and the anodes will not occur, and corrosion phenomena can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical device technology, and more specifically to an electrochemical synthesis method and apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields. Background Technology

[0002] During power grid operation, various external factors can cause disturbances. For traditional power systems, synchronous generators can actively adjust power and voltage to ensure stable grid operation. However, for new power systems, the volatility of high-proportion renewable energy grids prevents them from actively providing voltage and frequency support to ensure grid stability. Lacking the inertial response and voltage support capabilities of traditional synchronous generators, grid faults can lead to rapid voltage and frequency changes, affecting grid stability and posing significant risks to power system security. Therefore, suppressing large-scale grid disconnection faults caused by grid fluctuations is a major challenge.

[0003] Currently, grid energy storage is developing rapidly as an important technology for regulating grid fluctuations. It stores electrical energy in storage devices through various technical means, and releases the energy stored when electricity demand increases to meet that demand. Specifically, electrochemical energy storage can store electrical energy when there is a surplus in renewable energy generation and release it during peak demand periods or when renewable energy generation is insufficient, thus effectively smoothing the output of renewable energy and improving the grid's capacity to accommodate it. Furthermore, electrochemical energy storage plays a crucial role in peak shaving and frequency regulation of the power system. By rapidly responding to changes in grid power demand, it can stabilize the grid's frequency and voltage, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. Storing electrical energy during periods of low grid load and releasing it during peak load periods effectively alleviates the peak-valley difference in the grid, improving the grid's operating efficiency and economy. Finally, electrochemical energy storage also provides emergency power protection for the grid. In the event of a sudden fault or natural disaster causing a grid outage, the energy storage system can quickly activate, providing continuous power to important loads and critical facilities, ensuring the rapid recovery and normal operation of the grid.

[0004] An electrochemical energy storage system mainly includes core components such as batteries, PCS converters, BMS battery management systems, and EMS temperature control systems. The battery component belongs to electrochemistry, while the latter belongs to electronics and electrical engineering. With its advantages of fast response speed, high energy density, no geographical limitations, and gradually improving economics, it has become an important force in new energy storage technologies, providing strong support for the development of future power systems. However, the key to improving this energy storage technology lies in the preparation of various materials in the system, such as cathodes, anodes, and membrane materials. Materials prepared using traditional synthesis methods often have defects, causing deteriorating redox reactions at the anode and cathode during charging and discharging. This leads to physical and chemical changes in the metals or other materials on the electrode surface, resulting in corrosion and affecting battery lifespan. This phenomenon not only increases the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the energy storage equipment throughout its lifecycle but also weakens the stability of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electrochemical synthesis method and apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, which solves the problems that materials prepared by existing synthesis methods have more or less defects, corrosion, and affect the service life of energy storage batteries. This invention can prepare materials that are conducive to reconstruction, reduce corrosion, and extend the service life of energy storage batteries.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, comprising an electrolytic cell, two electrodes, a programmable AC source, a magnetic field generator, and a control device;

[0007] An electrolytic cell is used to contain the electrolyte in which the electrochemical reaction occurs; a programmable AC source is connected to two electrodes to provide an alternating electric field to the electrolytic cell; a magnetic field generator is used to provide an alternating magnetic field to the electrolytic cell; and a control device is used to adjust the parameters of the programmable AC source to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field, so as to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and directionally prepare materials.

[0008] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the electric field parameters include electric field strength and electric field direction.

[0009] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the parameters of the programmable AC source include waveform, amplitude and frequency.

[0010] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the magnetic field parameters include magnetic induction intensity and magnetic field direction.

[0011] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis apparatus for programmable electric and magnetic field control is provided. The magnetic field generating device includes a controllable AC source, two energized solenoids, and a rotatable guide rail. The rotatable guide rail is located outside the electrolytic cell and is used to support the energized solenoids. The energized solenoids are connected to the controllable AC source. The control device is also used to adjust the parameters of the controllable AC source and control the rotatable guide rail to rotate, thereby adjusting the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field.

[0012] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the electrode is a rod-shaped electrode and the bottom surface of the electrode is located on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the energized solenoid.

[0013] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the parameters of the controllable AC source include waveform, amplitude and frequency.

[0014] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided. The control device adjusts the parameters of the programmable AC source and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field based on the Nernst equation and the redox potential.

[0015] According to the present invention, an electrochemical synthesis device controlled by a programmable electric field and a magnetic field is provided, wherein the materials include cathode, anode, or membrane materials of an electrochemical energy storage system.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electrochemical synthesis method controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, employing the electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0017] Step 1: Fill the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte that will undergo an electrochemical reaction;

[0018] Step 2: Provide alternating electric and magnetic fields into the electrolytic cell;

[0019] Step 3: Adjust the parameters of the programmable AC source to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and prepare materials in a directional manner.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0021] This invention provides a programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis method and apparatus. Utilizing an electrosynthesis technique that couples alternating current with an alternating magnetic field, the alternating current alters the trend or direction of the electrochemical reaction, while the alternating electric field lowers the kinetic barrier of the electrochemical reaction. Based on the Nernst equation and redox potential, the physical structure of the synthesized material is controlled, optimizing the parameters of the alternating power supply (waveform, amplitude, frequency, etc.) and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field (magnetic induction intensity, magnetic field direction, etc.). This allows for the preparation of materials favorable for reconstruction, such as cathode materials, anode materials, and membrane materials. When used as cathodes and anodes in batteries, these materials reduce the tendency for degradation during charging and discharging, preventing physical and chemical changes to the metals or other materials on the cathode and anode surfaces and avoiding corrosion. Using the materials prepared by this invention to prepare electrochemical energy storage systems can absorb excess renewable energy, solve battery charging and discharging problems in different scenarios, and improve voltage exceedance issues in electrochemical energy storage systems. Furthermore, the prepared electrochemical energy storage system can address the impact of irregular power output from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power on the power grid. By optimizing material design to improve the trend of material aging and deterioration, the electrochemical energy storage system can release electrical energy when the output of new energy sources is small and the load is large. At the same time, it can solve the problem of large-scale grid disconnection caused by the inability of new energy output to be absorbed by the system load in time, thus achieving the goal of the lowest grid operating cost. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] In the attached diagram:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical synthesis device controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the electric field intensity inside the electrolytic cell of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic induction intensity of the horizontal plane corresponding to the bottom surface of the electrode of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic induction intensity of the electrode of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0030] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, including an electrolytic cell, two electrodes, a programmable AC source, a magnetic field generator, and a control device (not shown).

[0031] An electrolytic cell is used to contain the electrolyte in which the electrochemical reaction occurs; a programmable AC source is connected to two electrodes to provide an alternating electric field to the electrolytic cell; a magnetic field generator is used to provide an alternating magnetic field to the electrolytic cell; a control device is used to adjust the parameters (waveform, amplitude, and frequency, etc.) of the programmable AC source to adjust the electric field parameters (electric field strength and electric field direction, etc.) of the alternating electric field, and to adjust the magnetic field parameters (magnetic induction intensity and magnetic field direction) of the alternating magnetic field to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and to directionally prepare materials (e.g., cathode, anode, or membrane materials for electrochemical energy storage systems).

[0032] Specifically, the magnetic field generating device includes a controllable AC source, two energized solenoids, and a rotatable guide rail. The rotatable guide rail is located outside the electrolytic cell and supports the energized solenoids, which are connected to the controllable AC source. The control device is also used to adjust the parameters of the controllable AC source (waveform, amplitude, and frequency, etc.) and to control the rotation of the rotatable guide rail, thereby adjusting the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, the rotatable guide rail can support the energized solenoids to achieve 360° rotation to change the direction of the alternating magnetic field.

[0033] It should be noted that a programmable AC source refers to an AC power supply that can modulate arbitrary waveforms (such as square waves, triangle waves, sine waves, etc.), and can arbitrarily change parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and phase under constant or changing current or voltage conditions. A controllable AC source refers to a source that can quickly and arbitrarily change the direction and magnitude of the current, realize the rapid and arbitrary switching of the magnetic field, and control the strength and direction of the spatial magnetic field.

[0034] Specifically, the control device adjusts the parameters of the programmable AC source and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field based on the Nernst equation and the redox potential. The current electrochemical reaction rate can be derived from the Nernst equation by observing the redox reaction trend between the electrode material and the electrolyte. Since the electrochemical reaction rate is affected by both the electric and magnetic fields, the electric field strength within the electrolytic cell is adjusted accordingly. E Distribution and magnetic induction intensity of the reaction surface B It can change the rate of electrochemical reactions and optimize the rate of electrochemical reactions by continuously adjusting the electric and magnetic fields.

[0035] It should be noted that the electrosynthesis of materials is carried out under specific operating conditions (given an initial electromagnetic environment). However, this initial electromagnetic environment may not be optimal. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the parameters of the AC power supply and alternating magnetic field (amplitude, duty cycle, frequency, magnetic field strength / direction, etc.). While the Nernst equation can determine the thermodynamic trend before the external electromagnetic field is applied, whether this trend is desirable is debatable. Therefore, this invention modifies the trend of the electrochemical reaction by adjusting the electromagnetic field parameters. The magnitude of these parameter values ​​determines the rate of the electrochemical reaction.

[0036] A more detailed introduction is as follows:

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the electrode is a rod-shaped electrode, and the bottom surface of the electrode is located on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the energized solenoid. Under normal operating conditions, a two-dimensional mathematical model of the electrochemical synthesis device controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields is established on this horizontal plane. This model neglects the coupling effect of electromagnetic fields.

[0038] Because the electrolytic cell is in a highly symmetrical state, it is only necessary to calculate the electric field intensity corresponding to the electrode cross-section. The cross-sectional diagram of the electric field intensity inside the electrolytic cell is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Assuming the electrodes are ideal rod-shaped electrodes, with the two electrodes being the cathode and anode respectively, the potential distribution within the electrolytic cell satisfies the Laplace equation as shown in equation (1):

[0039] (1)

[0040] In the formula, Represents electric potential, x , y This represents the position (horizontal and vertical coordinates) in a Cartesian coordinate system on a horizontal plane. Considering the initial conditions of the electric potential and neglecting the resistance on the electrodes, we have:

[0041] (2)

[0042] (3)

[0043] Considering the application of alternating current to the electrodes, V 0 is a time-varying function (a function with time as the independent variable). However, considering the symmetry of the cross-section and voltage, we have:

[0044] (4)

[0045] Considering the boundary conditions of the electrolytic cell, since the cell wall is insulated, the boundary conditions of equations (5) to (6) are obtained:

[0046] (5)

[0047] (6)

[0048] in, L x and L y These represent the electrolytic cell in a rectangular coordinate system. x direction and y The length of the direction. Ignoring the electrode radius and assuming that the charge within the electrode is uniformly distributed, for any point in space ( x, y ),have:

[0049] (7)

[0050] In the formula, k It is the electrostatic constant. k ≈8.99×10 9 N·m 2 / C 2 ; λ 1. λ 2 represents the linear charge density of the anode and cathode, respectively. Considering the symmetry condition, they are opposites of each other. C 0 is a constant determined by the boundary conditions of equations (2) to (3). Considering that the potential at a point where the two electrodes are equidistant is 0, C 0 = 0; r 1. r 2 represents the distance from any point in space to the anode and cathode, respectively, and its calculation formula is shown in equation (8):

[0051]

[0052] (8)

[0053] In the formula, (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are the coordinates of the anode and cathode in this space, respectively.

[0054] After obtaining the electric potential, the electric field strength EIt can be solved by electric potential The negative gradient is obtained, that is:

[0055] (9)

[0056] In the formula, , Electric field strength E of x Axial components and y Axial components.

[0057] The direction of the magnetic field inside the electrolytic cell and on the electrode surface can be continuously rotated 360° by controlling the rotatable guide rail. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic induction intensity will not be discussed here, only the magnitude of the magnetic induction intensity.

[0058] The magnetic induction intensity of the alternating magnetic field generated by a current-carrying solenoid B As shown in equation (10):

[0059] (10)

[0060] in, n The number of turns of the coil. I The current flowing through the coil, μ Let be the magnetic permeability. Ignoring ferromagnetic saturation and magnetic electrolytes, then... μ ≈ μ 0 = 4π × 10 -7 T / m, μ 0 represents the permeability of free space.

[0061] Under static magnetic conditions, the magnetic induction intensity in the electrolyte can be obtained by the Biot-Savart law, and its basic formula is shown in equation (11):

[0062] (11)

[0063] in, I For source current, L For the integration path, dl For tiny line elements of the source current, e r Let be the unit vector of the source current pointing to the point where the field to be determined is located. r Let be the distance between the source current and the point where the field is to be determined. If the two energized solenoids are configured to carry the same current, magnetic field symmetry within the region can be achieved, reducing computational complexity.

[0064] The magnetic induction intensity of the electrode and the corresponding horizontal plane can be calculated using the above formula. B The calculation results are as follows Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0065] After determining the magnitude and direction of the alternating current and alternating magnetic field, the parameters of the alternating power supply and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field can be optimized based on the Nernst equation and redox potential to control the physical structure of the electrochemically synthesized materials (i.e., synthesize different materials).

[0066] When the temperature is at room temperature (298K), the redox reaction trend of the electrode material and the electrolyte is derived from the Nernst equation (12). By changing the parameters of the AC power supply and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field, the electrochemical reaction rate can be optimized, the surface structure and morphology of the material can be changed, and the corresponding electric field parameters and magnetic field parameters can be set by comparing the products.

[0067] (12)

[0068] in, E θ The standard electrode potential, E This represents the electrode potential at the actual concentration. n This represents the number of electrons transferred in the electrode reaction. It is the product of the powers of all product concentrations divided by the product of the powers of all reactant concentrations.

[0069] Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrochemical synthesis method controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, employing the programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus of the aforementioned embodiment, the method comprising:

[0070] Step 1: Fill the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte that will undergo an electrochemical reaction;

[0071] Step 2: Provide alternating electric and magnetic fields into the electrolytic cell;

[0072] Step 3: Adjust the parameters of the programmable AC source to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and prepare materials in a directional manner.

[0073] In summary, the programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis method and apparatus provided by this invention have the following advantages:

[0074] 1. Electrosynthesis technology using AC power: By altering the trend or direction of electrochemical reactions through alternating current, and by reducing the kinetic barrier of electrochemical reactions through alternating electric fields, physical and chemical changes are prevented on the metal or other materials on the electrode surface, thereby reducing corrosion and extending battery life.

[0075] 2. By using coupled alternating magnetic field technology and optimizing the parameters of the AC power supply and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field based on the Nernst equation and redox potential, materials that are conducive to reconstruction are prepared to enhance the battery's lifespan and working efficiency.

[0076] 3. By optimizing the structural design and introducing coupled alternating magnetic field technology, this invention not only improves the lifespan of the energy storage battery and increases economic benefits, but also increases the power of the energy storage battery under the same conditions, thereby enhancing the grid's absorption capacity.

[0077] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields, characterized in that, Includes an electrolytic cell, two electrodes, a programmable AC power source, a magnetic field generator, and a control device; The electrolytic cell is used to contain the electrolyte in which the electrochemical reaction occurs; the programmable AC source is connected to the two electrodes and is used to provide an alternating electric field to the electrolytic cell. The magnetic field generating device is used to provide an alternating magnetic field to the electrolytic cell; the control device is used to adjust the parameters of the programmable AC source to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field to optimize the rate of the electrochemical reaction and directionally prepare materials. The control device adjusts the parameters of the programmable AC source and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field based on the Nernst equation and redox potential.

2. The electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric field parameters include electric field strength and electric field direction.

3. The programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters of the programmable AC source include waveform, amplitude, and frequency.

4. The electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field parameters include magnetic induction intensity and magnetic field direction.

5. The programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnetic field generating device includes a controllable AC source, two energized solenoids, and a rotatable guide rail. The rotatable guide rail is located outside the electrolytic cell and is used to support the energized solenoids. The energized solenoids are connected to the controllable AC source. The control device is also used to adjust the parameters of the controllable AC source and control the rotatable guide rail to rotate, thereby adjusting the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field.

6. The programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electrode is a rod-shaped electrode, and the bottom surface of the electrode is on the same horizontal plane as the central axis of the energized solenoid.

7. The programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The parameters of the controllable AC source include waveform, amplitude, and frequency.

8. The electrochemical synthesis apparatus controlled by programmable electric and magnetic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The materials include cathode, anode, or membrane materials for electrochemical energy storage systems.

9. A programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis method, characterized in that, The method employing the programmable electric and magnetic field controlled electrochemical synthesis apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 includes: An electrolyte solution that undergoes an electrochemical reaction is loaded into the electrolytic cell; Provide alternating electric and magnetic fields into the electrolytic cell; The parameters of the programmable AC source are adjusted to adjust the electric field parameters of the alternating electric field and the magnetic field parameters of the alternating magnetic field, thereby optimizing the rate of the electrochemical reaction and preparing materials in a directional manner.

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