Axial damping device of speed reducer

Abstract

The axial vibration reduction device comprises a displacement sensor and an axial vibration reduction assembly which are arranged on a rotating shaft of the speed reducer, and further comprises a pre-amplifier, an acquisition and analysis module, a control module and a power supply module. The axial vibration reduction assembly comprises a magneto-rheological elastomer, a magnetism isolating ring, a magnet exciting coil and a metal shell which are sequentially arranged around the rotating shaft from inside to outside. The control module adjusts the rigidity of the magneto-rheological elastomer by changing an electric signal of the magnet exciting coil so as to achieve stepless adjustment of the axial damping force of the rotating shaft, axial vibration loads are attenuated through the magneto-rheological elastomer and then transmitted to the pure iron shell and the base, and the axial vibration reduction effect is improved. The multiple angular contact ball bearings are arranged to block direct impact of vibration loads in two directions one by one, disturbance caused by different vibration loads due to different vibration directions is avoided, more vibration loads are eliminated by the magnetorheological elastomer, and the axial vibration reduction efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vibration reduction device, in particular to a vibration reduction device with axial vibration reduction function. Background Art

[0002] The planetary reducer in the gear reducer is an important mechanical transmission component of the coal mining machine cutting part. During the coal cutting process, the planetary reducer will be subjected to severe axial impact loads in the axial direction; in addition, the pitch and tooth profile errors caused by machining and assembly errors will also cause the planetary reducer to bear severe axial loads from the other direction of the impact direction during the meshing transmission process. Under the combined action of the axial meshing loads and axial impact external loads in two directions, the planetary reducer will produce more chaotic and violent axial vibrations, which will further increase the impact on the transmission efficiency and affect the stability and reliability of the transmission system. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the axial vibration of the reducer. In order to reduce the vibration generated during operation, most of the existing reducers use the damping characteristics of rubber for passive vibration reduction. However, the axial vibration energy that can be absorbed by the rubber deformation is limited, especially for the vibration energy generated by the rotating shaft in the high-speed rotating gear box. The energy consumption is relatively small. Secondly, the damping force of the rubber is not variable, and the actual vibration reduction effect is not good. Moreover, the positive impact of loads in different directions has a great impact on the damping device, which shortens the life of the damping device and increases the maintenance and use costs. In summary, the vibration reduction structure of the existing reducer is difficult to achieve a good vibration reduction effect on the axial direction of the rotating shaft. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to improve the axial vibration reduction effect of the reducer and improve the stability of the reducer operation, and to provide a vibration reduction device with excellent vibration reduction effect in the axial direction.

[0004] Technical solution: The axial vibration damping device of the reducer described in the present invention includes a displacement sensor and an axial vibration damping assembly arranged on the reducer shaft for monitoring the axial vibration displacement of the shaft, and also includes an amplifier for amplifying the vibration displacement signal, an acquisition and analysis module for analyzing and extracting the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and transmitting it, a control module and a power supply module for receiving the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal to adjust the damping force of the axial vibration damping assembly; the axial vibration damping assembly includes a magnetorheological elastomer, a magnetic isolation ring, an excitation coil and a metal shell arranged in sequence around the shaft from the inside to the outside; the control module adjusts the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer to adjust the axial damping force by changing the electrical signal of the excitation coil.

[0005] Furthermore, the displacement sensor detects the vibration signal in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, amplifies the vibration signal through the amplifier, and the acquisition and analysis module extracts the characteristic parameters of the amplified vibration signal and transmits them to the control module. The control module controls the power supply module in real time according to the vibration characteristic parameters to transmit appropriate voltage and current signals to the axial vibration reduction component, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the vibration reduction efficiency in the axial direction of the reducer.

[0006] Furthermore, the rotating shaft is a stepped shaft, and a fixing assembly is provided on the rotating shaft to cooperate with the shaft shoulder for fastening the axial vibration damping assembly, and the axial vibration damping assembly is arranged between the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft and the fixing assembly through an angular contact ball bearing.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes a threaded sleeve fixed on the rotating shaft and a nut matched therewith. At least two angular contact ball bearings are provided, and the outer rings of the plurality of angular contact ball bearings are fixedly connected to the magnetorheological elastomer. The inner rings of the two outermost angular contact ball bearings are respectively fixed on the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft and the threaded sleeve of the fixing assembly. Washers are provided between the outer rings of adjacent angular contact ball bearings so that the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings are subjected to different forces to achieve the purpose of pre-tightening. When the nut is tightened, the inner ring of the outermost angular contact ball bearing will be subjected to the forces of the shaft shoulder and the nut respectively. Washers are provided between the outer rings of adjacent angular contact ball bearings so that the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings are subjected to different forces of confinement, so as to achieve the purpose of pre-tightening and fixing, so that the axial vibration load can be more reliably transmitted to the pure iron housing and the base through the magnetorheological elastomer, thereby achieving the effect of axial vibration reduction of the reducer. The axial vibration during the operation of the reducer mainly comes from two aspects. One is the axial vibration caused by the severe impact load at the front end of the shaft, and the other is the axial vibration of the gear meshing caused by the assembly error of the reducer. By setting multiple angular contact ball bearings to block the direct impact of the vibration load at each level, the vibration load can be prevented from disturbing the reducer due to different vibration directions, and as many vibration loads as possible can be eliminated by the magnetorheological elastomer, further improving the efficiency of axial vibration reduction.

[0008] Furthermore, the angular contact ball bearing is a double-row angular contact ball bearing. The double-row angular contact ball bearing occupies a smaller space in the axial direction, and can block and enhance the attenuation effect by setting a multi-stage ball bearing, and avoid the frontal impact of vibration loads in two relative directions to the greatest extent. At the same time, the double-row angular contact ball bearing bears radial and axial loads at the same time, and has a stronger axial load bearing capacity and a strong axial load attenuation capacity, further improving the vibration reduction effect.

[0009] Furthermore, the axial length of the magnetorheological elastomer is greater than that of the angular contact ball bearing and is wrapped around the periphery of the angular contact ball bearing; the magnetic isolation ring is arranged axially parallel to the magnetorheological elastomer, and the axial lengths of the two are the same; the excitation coil is arranged axially parallel to the magnetic isolation ring, and the axial length of the excitation coil is greater than that of the magnetic isolation ring. Such a structural arrangement allows the magnetic lines of force to pass through the magnetorheological elastomer more densely and regularly, thereby improving the vibration reduction effect. The control module adjusts the axial damping force by adjusting the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer by changing the electrical signal of the excitation coil. The magnetic particles in the magnetorheological elastomer have an immobile property, which enables it to have a stable magnetic flux. The rigidity of the magnetorheological elastomer changes rapidly and reversibly with the change of the external electrical signal, and the adjustment response speed of the damping force for axial vibration is at the millimeter level. The axial displacement change of the rotating shaft can be monitored by the displacement sensor to achieve rapid, stepless and reversible adjustment of the damping force, thereby improving the axial vibration reduction efficiency of the reducer.

[0010] Furthermore, the metal shell includes a radial shell for radial covering and an axial shell for axial covering; the radial shell and the axial shell are detachably connected, which can realize the rapid assembly and disassembly of the axial vibration reduction assembly, adjust the connection tightness of the internal components, and facilitate the repair and maintenance of the reducer. In addition, the radial shell and the axial shell can ensure that the vibration load is effectively eliminated from both the axial and radial directions, further improving the stability of the operation of the entire device.

[0011] Furthermore, both ends of the axial vibration damping assembly are sealed and fixed by bearing covers, thereby improving the sealing effect of the vibration damping assembly, avoiding the influence of foreign matter or air tightness on the bearing, and ensuring stable operation of the entire device.

[0012] Furthermore, a support seat is provided at the bottom of the axial vibration reduction assembly to enhance the stability of the entire device.

[0013] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the axial vibration signal of the reducer shaft in real time, and the vibration signal is amplified by the preamplifier, and the collection and analysis module performs real-time analysis on the vibration signal and extracts the vibration characteristic parameters, thereby having the function of real-time monitoring the axial vibration information of the reducer; the control module controls the voltage and current supplied by the power supply module to the axial vibration reduction component according to the vibration characteristic parameters, controls the current of the excitation coil, and realizes the stepless adjustment of the axial damping force of the shaft by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field through the magnetorheological elastomer; 2. Multiple angular contact ball bearings are pre-tightened and fixed by shaft shoulders, fixing components and washers, and the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is consolidated with the magnetorheological elastomer. The axial vibration load is more reliably transmitted to the pure iron casing and the base after being attenuated by the magnetorheological elastomer, thereby improving the axial damping of the reducer Vibration effect; 3. At least two angular contact ball bearings are arranged, and multiple angular contact ball bearings block the direct impact of vibration loads in two directions one by one, thereby avoiding disturbance to the reducer due to different vibration directions, and try to eliminate more vibration loads by magnetorheological elastomers, further improving the efficiency of axial vibration reduction; 4. The angular contact ball bearing adopts double-row angular contact ball bearings, which occupy less space in the axial direction. Multi-stage ball bearings are arranged to block and enhance the attenuation effect, and avoid the frontal impact of vibration loads in two relative directions to the greatest extent. At the same time, the double-row angular contact ball bearings bear radial and axial loads at the same time, with stronger axial load bearing capacity and strong axial load attenuation capacity, further improving the vibration reduction effect; 5. The device has a simple and reliable structure, the damping force can be infinitely adjusted, the response speed is fast, the reversibility is good, and the detachable shell is convenient for inspection and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the working principle of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the axial vibration damper of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetic lines of force generated by the excitation coil of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] Take the planetary reducer as an example. Figure 1 and 2The axial vibration reduction device of a planetary reducer shown in the figure includes a rotating shaft 101 of the planetary reducer, a gear box body 102 and a base 103. The rotating shaft 101 is provided with a displacement sensor 2 and an axial vibration reduction component 7 for detecting the axial vibration displacement of the rotating shaft 101, as well as an amplifier 3, an acquisition and analysis module 4 and a control module 5 for amplifying the vibration displacement signal. The bottom of the axial vibration reduction component 7 is also provided with a support seat 714 for supporting.

[0021] When the planetary reducer is working, the operation process will inevitably generate axial vibration. The displacement sensor 2 detects the axial vibration signal of the planetary reducer shaft 101, which is amplified by the preamplifier 3 and then transmitted to the acquisition and analysis module 4. The acquisition and analysis module 4 analyzes the vibration signal and transmits the extracted vibration signal characteristic parameters to the control module 5. The control module 5 controls the voltage and current delivered to the axial vibration reduction component 7 by the power supply module 6 in real time according to the vibration characteristic parameters. The axial vibration reduction component 7 adjusts the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer 703 by adjusting the current of the excitation coil 707, thereby adjusting the axial damping force of the axial vibration reduction component 7, thereby achieving a good vibration reduction effect of the planetary reducer in the multi-frequency range in the axial direction.

[0022] like Figure 3As shown, the rotating shaft 101 of the planetary reducer is a stepped shaft, and a fixing assembly is provided on the rotating shaft 101 to cooperate with the shaft shoulder for fastening the axial vibration damping assembly 7, and the fixing assembly includes a threaded sleeve 708 fixed on the rotating shaft 101 and a nut 709 matched therewith. The axial vibration damping assembly 7 includes a magnetorheological elastomer 703, a magnetic isolation ring 706, an excitation coil 707 and a metal shell arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside around the rotating shaft 101, and two groups of angular contact ball bearings are arranged, including a first angular contact ball bearing 701 and a second angular contact ball bearing 702, the outer rings of the two angular contact ball bearings are fixedly connected to the magnetorheological elastomer 703, and the inner rings of the two angular contact ball bearings are respectively fixed on the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft 101 and the threaded sleeve 708 of the fixing assembly, and a washer 713 is arranged between the outer rings of the two angular contact ball bearings to make the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings bear different forces to achieve the purpose of pre-tightening. Tighten the nut 709, the inner rings of the first angular contact ball bearing 701 and the second angular contact ball bearing 702 will be subjected to the force of the shaft shoulder and the nut 709 respectively, while the outer rings of the first angular contact ball bearing 701 and the second angular contact ball bearing 702 are fixedly connected to the magnetorheological elastomer 703 and a washer 713 is arranged in the middle, and then the outer rings of the first angular contact ball bearing 701 and the second angular contact ball bearing 702 are subjected to the force of the magnetorheological elastomer 703 and the washer 713, so as to achieve the purpose of pre-tightening and fixing, so that the load is more reliably transmitted to the pure iron shell and the base through the magnetorheological elastomer 703, thereby achieving the effect of axial vibration reduction of the planetary reducer. During assembly or overhaul and maintenance, by adjusting the tightening state of the nut 709, the tightening state of the angular contact ball bearing is adjusted, and the axial vibration displacement load is further ensured to be attenuated by the magnetorheological elastomer 703, thereby improving the stability of the device operation and ensuring the vibration reduction effect. The axial vibration of the planetary reducer during operation mainly comes from two aspects. One is the axial displacement caused by the severe impact load at the front end of the shaft, and the other is the axial displacement of the gear meshing caused by the assembly error of the planetary reducer. By setting two angular contact ball bearings to block the direct impact of the vibration load, the vibration load is prevented from causing disturbance to the planetary reducer due to different vibration directions, and as much vibration load as possible is eliminated by the magnetorheological elastomer 703, further improving the efficiency of axial vibration reduction.

[0023] The axial length of the magnetorheological elastomer 703 is greater than that of the two angular contact ball bearings, and is wrapped around the outer periphery of the two angular contact ball bearings. The magnetic isolation ring 706 is axially parallel to the magnetorheological elastomer 703, and the axial lengths of the two are the same. The excitation coil 707 is axially parallel to the magnetic isolation ring 706, and the axial length of the excitation coil 707 is greater than that of the magnetic isolation ring 706. Figure 4As shown, the magnetic lines of force generated by the excitation coil 707 are more numerous, denser and more regularly passed through the magnetorheological elastomer, thereby improving the vibration reduction efficiency of the axial vibration reduction assembly 7. The metal shell includes a radial shell 705 and an axial shell 704, which are detachably connected by screws 710. The first bearing cap 711 and the second bearing cap 712 are used at both ends of the axial vibration reduction device 7 to improve the sealing effect of the vibration reduction device and ensure the stable operation of the entire device.

[0024] Example 2

[0025] Different from Example 1, more than two angular contact ball bearings are provided, and the angular contact ball bearings are double-row angular contact ball bearings. Multiple angular contact ball bearings can block the direct impact of vibration loads in two directions in the axial direction one by one, further avoiding the vibration load from disturbing the planetary reducer due to the different vibration directions, and further improving the efficiency of axial vibration reduction. In particular, the vibration displacement caused by the severe impact load at the front end of the rotating shaft is limited by the attenuation of the blocking impact force of the first-stage angular contact ball bearing. The double-row angular contact ball bearing occupies a smaller space in the axial direction, and the attenuation effect can be improved by setting a multi-stage ball bearing to block and improve the attenuation effect, thereby avoiding the strength of the frontal impact of the vibration loads in two relative directions to the greatest extent, avoiding the disturbance of the equipment caused by different vibration loads, and ensuring the vibration reduction efficiency.

Claims

1. A reducer axial vibration reduction device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a displacement sensor (2) and an axial vibration reduction component (7) arranged on a reducer shaft (101) for monitoring the axial vibration displacement of the shaft (101), and also comprises an amplifier (3) for amplifying a vibration displacement signal, a collection and analysis module (4) for analyzing and extracting characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and transmitting the same, a control module (5) and a power supply module (6) for receiving the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal to adjust the damping force of the axial vibration reduction component (7); the axial vibration reduction component (7) comprises a magnetorheological elastomer (703), a magnetic isolation ring (706), an excitation coil (707) and a metal shell arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside around the shaft (101); the control module (5) adjusts the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer (703) to adjust the axial damping force by changing the electrical signal of the excitation coil (707).

2. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (101) is a stepped shaft, and a fixing component is provided on the rotating shaft (101) and cooperates with the shaft shoulder to fasten the axial vibration reduction component (7); the axial vibration reduction component (7) is arranged between the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft (101) and the fixing component via an angular contact ball bearing.

3. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing assembly comprises a threaded sleeve (708) fixed on the rotating shaft (101) and a nut (709) matched therewith.

4. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least two angular contact ball bearings are provided, the outer rings of the plurality of angular contact ball bearings are fixedly connected to the magnetorheological elastomer (703), the inner rings of the two outermost angular contact ball bearings are respectively fixed on the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft (101) and the threaded sleeve (708) of the fixed component, and washers (713) are provided between the outer rings of adjacent angular contact ball bearings so that the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearings are subjected to different forces, thereby achieving the purpose of pre-tightening.

5. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angular contact ball bearing is a double-row angular contact ball bearing.

6. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial length of the magnetorheological elastomer (703) is greater than that of the angular contact ball bearing and is wrapped around the periphery of the angular contact ball bearing; the magnetic isolation ring (706) is axially parallel to the magnetorheological elastomer (703), and the axial lengths of the two are the same; the excitation coil (707) is axially parallel to the magnetic isolation ring (706), and the axial length of the excitation coil (707) is greater than that of the magnetic isolation ring (706).

7. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal shell comprises a radial shell (705) which covers in the radial direction and an axial shell (704) which covers in the axial direction; the radial shell (705) and the axial shell (704) are detachably connected.

8. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the axial vibration reduction assembly (7) are sealed and fixed by bearing covers.

9. The reducer axial vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the axial vibration reduction assembly (7) is also provided with a support seat (714) for supporting.

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