Multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system and method thereof

Abstract

The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system is mainly composed of a variable-temperature multi-environment cavitation test part and a high-speed camera shooting observation part, and specifically has an online in-situ observation function and a variable-temperature and different-liquid cavitation environment controllable function. The system relates to three core function units of cavitation, temperature control and high-speed camera shooting, and is difficult to be compatible with different liquid types, different temperatures and a cavitation system and a high-speed camera shooting system. Multi-factor coupling cavitation working conditions including amplitude, temperature, liquid medium types and the like can be simulated, meanwhile, the formation, growth and collapse characteristics of cavitation bubbles under typical conditions are captured in real time through a high-speed camera system, key factors influencing the cavitation performance of assemblies under different working conditions are analyzed, and a key technology is provided for analysis of related material failure mechanisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cavitation testing machines, and in particular relates to a multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The existing ultrasonic vibration cavitation testing machines have certain defects in actual application: the actual working conditions in which cavitation occurs are complex, involving multiple temperature zones, different liquid environments, and different rotation speeds. The existing ordinary ultrasonic vibration cavitation testing machines can only evaluate the cavitation performance of materials in a low-temperature water medium environment and under fixed amplitude and frequency conditions during actual application. This makes the research on the cavitation mechanism and the screening of anti-cavitation materials lack scientific guidance and technical support. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system and method thereof, which can meet the requirements of high and low temperature, multiple liquid medium types, variable amplitude, and online in-situ observation of fuel cavitation phenomenon.

[0004] To this end, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system, including a liftable bracket, an ultrasonic drive power supply, an ultrasonic host, an angle table, an XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform, a sample fixture, a high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath, a controllable temperature reactor, a thermocouple, a high-speed camera, a light source, a fine-tuning pan-tilt table and a host computer; The temperature-controllable reactor is used to hold the reaction medium, the high-low temperature integrated thermostatic bath is connected to the temperature-controllable reactor through a circulation pipeline, and the high-low temperature integrated thermostatic bath is used to adjust the temperature of the medium; a thermocouple is arranged in the temperature-controllable reactor; The ultrasonic host is connected to a liftable bracket, and the liftable bracket drives the ultrasonic host to move up and down; the transducer of the ultrasonic host is replaceably connected with a vertical downward horn, and the head end of the horn is connected to the upper sample, and the horn is used to increase the amplitude of the upper sample; the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform is installed on the liftable frame with screws, and the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform is used to adjust the position of the cavitation area and the distance between the lower sample and the upper sample; A sample fixture is provided under the horn, and an angle table is connected to the bottom of the sample fixture; the sample fixture is used to clamp the lower sample to be tested, and the angle table is used to adjust the horizontality of the sample fixture; the bottom of the angle table is connected to the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform; The high-speed camera is placed on a fine-tuning pan-tilt head and in front of a temperature-controllable reactor. The light source is placed around the temperature-controllable reactor. The high-speed camera signal is connected to a host computer.

[0005] Furthermore, the sample fixture consists of two front and rear clamps and screws. A V-shaped opening is opened in the middle of the clamp, a 6mm wide groove is opened on the top, and threaded holes are opened on both sides. The screws pass through the grooves to fix the clamp above the angle table. The two clamps are connected by screws, and the spacing between the clamps is adjusted by screws.

[0006] Furthermore, the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform includes a Z direction differential head, an X direction differential head, a Y direction differential head and a locking screw, and the position of the cavitation area and the distance between the lower sample and the upper sample can be adjusted within a precision range of 0.03 mm by rotating the differential head.

[0007] Furthermore, the angle table adopts a worm gear drive mode, and the inclination degree of the work table on the dovetail guide rail is achieved by adjusting the front and rear rotating handwheel and the left and right rotating handwheel, thereby adjusting the parallelism between the lower sample and the sample surface on the tool head.

[0008] Furthermore, the amplitude transformer can realize continuous regulation of the tool head amplitude between 40 and 110 μm.

[0009] Furthermore, the high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath is used to achieve temperature increase and decrease and temperature control within the range of -10 to 150°C of the liquid medium in the reactor.

[0010] Furthermore, the temperature-controllable reactor includes two specifications; one is a square high-transmittance glass reactor, which is spliced ​​into a cubic structure by a single-layer high-transmittance glass panel and a double-layer ordinary high-temperature resistant glass; it is used for online in-situ observation of cavitation conditions, while meeting the high-transmittance shooting requirements of high-speed cameras, and realizing temperature control of the liquid medium in the reactor; the other is a stainless steel cylindrical reactor, which is used for long-term evaluation of material cavitation performance tests under harsh simulated working conditions over a wide temperature range.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-speed camera is used in conjunction with a fine-tuning pan / tilt, a light source and a host computer to observe and photograph cavitation characteristics at different temperatures and different ultrasonic amplitudes in a variety of liquid media.

[0012] A method for using a multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system comprises the following steps: a) Install / replace the ultrasonic host, turn on the ultrasonic drive power supply, set the test time and amplitude test parameters on the operation interface, and pour the medium required for the test into the temperature-controlled reactor; b) Install the 316L stainless steel upper sample on the tool head, then wipe the surface of the upper sample clean with an alcohol cotton ball, adjust the liftable bracket, observe the scale and lower the upper sample to the specified depth below the liquid surface; c) Start ultrasound, turn on the high and low temperature integrated thermostatic bath, set the required temperature control value, start the cooling, heating and circulation functions in sequence, and adjust the circulation speed to maintain the liquid medium in the temperature-controllable reactor within the required test temperature range; d) Pause the ultrasound, control the lifting bracket to rise, adjust the clamping piece and screw of the sample fixture to clamp and fix the test sample, adjust the X-direction differential head and Y-direction differential head of the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform to select the cavitation area, and then adjust the Z-direction differential head and the rotating handwheel of the angle table to adjust the sample surface to be parallel to the upper sample surface, and the rotating direction differential head to adjust the distance between the sample surface and the upper sample surface, and tighten the locking screw; e) Adjust the liftable support, observe the scale to lower the upper sample to the specified depth below the liquid surface, start the ultrasound, and conduct the cavitation test; f) The high-speed camera is an in-situ online observation unit. When shooting, set up a fine-tuning pan / tilt, connect the high-speed camera to the host computer, open the Phantom Software, set the corresponding shooting parameters, coordinately adjust the fine-tuning pan / tilt knob and the light source position, focus, and start shooting; g) After the cavitation test is completed, the liftable support is raised from the temperature-controlled reactor, the lower sample is removed from the sample fixture, the lower sample is placed in an organic solvent, and after ultrasonic cleaning and high-temperature drying, the test sample is weighed using an electronic balance; h) For experiments conducted under high temperature conditions, pour the liquid medium out of the temperature-controlled reactor after it cools down, and clean the angle table, sample fixture and temperature-controlled reactor.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The difficult problems of evaluating the cavitation performance of materials and analyzing the cavitation mechanism under wide temperature range and near-operating conditions can be solved. The present invention can in-situ detect the bubble formation and collapse process in liquid media such as water / oil under different temperature conditions on the basis of only being able to evaluate the cavitation performance of materials. The cavitation performance and damage mechanism of materials can be evaluated more accurately, objectively and scientifically, guiding the development of new wide temperature range anti-cavitation and wear-resistant coating materials and providing a basis for forming a systematic evaluation method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The ultrasonic main unit in the has two specifications of amplitude; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the angle table and the fixture; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A temperature-controlled reactor; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The stainless steel temperature-controlled reactor; Figure 7is the cumulative mass loss and mass loss rate of L907A steel at different water medium temperatures; Figure 8 It is the process of collapse of a single bubble in water medium at different temperatures; Fig. 9 It is the comparison of the cumulative mass loss of ZL101 cast aluminum alloy in RP-3 aviation kerosene cavitation for 3 hours; Fig.10 This is a photo of the surface morphology of ZL101 cast aluminum alloy after cavitation by RP-3 aviation kerosene; In the figure: 1 ultrasonic driving power supply, 2 lifting bracket, 3 ultrasonic host, 31 transducer, 32 amplitude rod, 33 tool head, 34 upper sample, 4 XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform, 41 Z direction differential head, 42 X direction differential head, 43 Y direction differential head, 44 locking screw, 5 thermocouple, 6 sample fixture, 61 clamp, 62 first screw, 63 second screw, 7 angle table, 71 front and back rotating hand wheel, 72 left and right rotating hand wheel, 8 scale, 9 controllable temperature reactor, 10 oil bath circulation pipeline, 11 fixed threaded joint, 12 high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath, 13 fine-tuning pan / tilt head, 14 high-speed camera, 15 host computer, 16 light source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention will be further described below by way of embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 As shown, a multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system includes an ultrasonic driving power supply 1, a liftable bracket 2, an ultrasonic host 3, an XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform 4, a thermocouple 5, a sample fixture 6, an angle table 7, a scale 8, a temperature-controllable reactor 9, an oil bath circulation pipeline 10, a fixed threaded joint 11, a high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath 12, a fine-tuning pan-tilt head 13, a high-speed camera 14, a host computer 15, and a light source 16.

[0016] The ultrasonic driving power supply 1 adopts a high-performance ultrasonic generator with an output voltage of less than AC1500 V and an output current of less than AC2A. The ultrasonic driving power supply 1 converts low-frequency electrical energy into high-frequency and high-voltage electrical energy through software and hardware control logic, supplies power to the ultrasonic host 3 through a cable, drives the transducer 31 to work, realizes the mutual conversion of electrical energy and mechanical energy through the piezoelectric effect, and then amplifies the particle displacement of the mechanical vibration through the amplitude rod 32, accurately and continuously adjusts and controls the amplitude in the range of 40-110 μm, and concentrates the ultrasonic energy on a smaller area, finally achieving the purpose of generating different cavitation intensities in the liquid under the tool head 33. The tool head 33 is installed with a sample 34 and replaced regularly.

[0017] The liftable support 2 is equipped with a millimeter-level electric lift system, which can accurately control the depth of the upper sample 34 immersed in the liquid surface, and is easy to operate. The ultrasonic host 3, the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform 4, the thermocouple 5, the angle table 7, and the scale 8 are fixed on the liftable support 2.

[0018] like Figure 3 As shown, the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform 4 includes a Z direction differential head 41 (stroke 10 mm), an X direction differential head 42 (stroke ±12.5 mm), a Y direction differential head 43 (stroke ±12.5 mm), and a locking screw 44. By rotating the differential head, the position of the cavitation area and the distance between the lower sample and the upper sample 34 can be adjusted within a precision range of 0.03 mm.

[0019] The temperature measuring range of the thermocouple 5 is -50~300°C, with an accuracy of 0.1°C. It is installed on the side of the tool head 33 to accurately display the temperature of the liquid medium in the temperature-controllable reactor 9.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, the sample fixture 6 consists of two front and rear clamps 61, a first screw 62, and a second screw 63. The clamp 61 has a V-shaped opening in the middle, a 6 mm wide groove on the top, and threaded holes on both sides. The first screw 62 passes through the groove to fix the clamp 61 above the angle table 7. The two clamps 61 are connected by the second screw 63. The spacing between the clamps 61 can be adjusted by the screws, which can effectively fix lower specimens of various shapes and sizes.

[0021] The angle table 7 is driven by a worm gear. The tilt of the worktable on the dovetail guide rail is achieved by adjusting the front and rear rotating handwheel 71 and the left and right rotating handwheel 72, thereby adjusting the parallelism between the lower specimen and the specimen surface on the tool head.

[0022] The temperature-controllable reactor 9 is connected to the high and low temperature integrated thermostatic bath 12 through an oil bath circulation pipeline 10. The temperature-controllable reactor 9 is made of quartz glass, and its single-layer shooting surface is made of quartz glass after optical-grade polishing. After treatment, the transmittance is ≥90%, which can simultaneously meet the high light transmittance shooting requirements and the precise control of the temperature of the liquid medium in the reactor. In order to ensure the safety and stability of the test, for cavitation tests that have no shooting requirements and need to be carried out under high temperature conditions for a long time, a stainless steel temperature-controllable reactor is selected, and the oil bath circulation pipeline uses a stainless steel hose and is fixed with a thread 11, so as to meet the requirements for evaluating the cavitation performance of the material in a wide temperature range and multiple media. The high and low temperature integrated thermostatic bath 12 has a heating power of 1000 W and a cooling capacity of 800 W, and can achieve the temperature rise and fall and temperature control of the temperature control medium (silicone oil) in the range of -20 to 200 ° C.

[0023] The high-speed camera 14 is placed on the fine-tuning pan-tilt 13 and connected to the host computer 15 through a Gigabit Ethernet communication interface. The fine-tuning pan-tilt 13 can provide high-precision adjustment, enhance shooting stability and improve shooting flexibility during shooting. The high-speed camera 14 is equipped with a Nikon 24-85 mm f 2.8 macro lens and a Navitar 9x microscope lens, a 1280×800 CMOS sensor, a minimum exposure time of 1 us, a full-frame shooting rate of 7500 frames / second, and a maximum shooting rate of 680000 frames / second. The host computer 15 is installed with Phantom Software, which has parameter settings, image playback, image download, file management, image processing, analysis and measurement of speed displacement angle and other parameter functions. The light source 16 has a function of 70,000 LUX illumination at a center position of 1 meter, which can provide appropriate exposure control and three-dimensional shaping for shooting.

[0024] Standard test method: ① Preparation before the test Before the test, check whether the laboratory environment can meet the safety operation requirements and whether it has safety precautions and risk response measures.

[0025] Before the test, check whether the test equipment is complete and whether all functions of the equipment are normal, and keep records of equipment operation.

[0026] Before the test, the test samples were pretreated.

[0027] Before the test, check the lower sample and the 316L stainless steel upper sample 34 for cracks and manufacturing defects, and whether they meet the design requirements of the drawings.

[0028] The lower sample was ultrasonically cleaned with an organic solvent for 10 min and dried in an electric heated blast drying oven to obtain the lower sample to be tested.

[0029] After the sample to be tested is cooled to room temperature, it is weighed using a 1 / 10,000 electronic balance and the data before the test is recorded.

[0030] ② Evaluation steps a) Install / replace the ultrasonic main unit, turn on the ultrasonic driving power supply 1, set the test time, amplitude and other test parameters on the operation interface, and then pour the medium required for the test into the temperature-controlled reactor 9.

[0031] b) Use a torque wrench to install the 316L stainless steel upper sample 34 on the tool head 33, then wipe the surface of the upper sample 34 clean with an alcohol cotton ball, adjust the liftable bracket 2, observe the scale 8 and lower the upper sample 34 to a specified depth below the liquid surface.

[0032] c) Start ultrasound, turn on the high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath 12, set the required temperature control value, start the cooling, heating and circulation functions in sequence, and adjust the circulation speed to maintain the liquid medium in the temperature controllable reactor 9 within the required test temperature range.

[0033] d) Pause ultrasound, control the lifting bracket 2 to rise, adjust the clamp 61 of the sample fixture 6 and the screw to clamp and fix the test sample, adjust the X-direction differential head 42 and the Y-direction differential head 43 of the XYZ-axis displacement adjustment platform 4 to select the cavitation area, then adjust the Z-direction differential head 41 and the rotating handwheel of the angle table 7 to adjust the sample surface to be parallel to the surface of the upper sample 34, rotate the Z-direction differential head 41 to adjust the distance between the sample surface and the surface of the upper sample 34, and tighten the locking screw.

[0034] e) Adjust the liftable support 2, observe the scale 8 to lower the upper sample 34 to a specified depth below the liquid surface, start the ultrasound, and conduct the cavitation experiment.

[0035] f) The high-speed camera 14 is an in-situ online observation unit. When shooting, set up the fine-tuning pan-tilt 13, connect the high-speed camera 14 and the host computer 15, open the Phantom Software, set appropriate shooting parameters, coordinately adjust the knob of the fine-tuning pan-tilt 13 and the position of the light source 16, focus, and start shooting. After shooting, turn off the light source 16 and the high-speed camera 14 in turn. For experiments without shooting requirements, this step can be skipped.

[0036] g) After the cavitation test is completed, the liftable support 2 is raised from the temperature-controlled reactor 9, and the lower sample is removed from the sample fixture 6. The lower sample is placed in an organic solvent, and after ultrasonic cleaning and high-temperature drying, the test sample is weighed using a 1 / 10,000 electronic balance.

[0037] h) For experiments conducted under high temperature conditions, the liquid medium is poured out from the temperature-controlled reactor 9 after cooling, and the angle table 7, the sample fixture 6 and the temperature-controlled reactor 9 are cleaned.

[0038] The online in-situ detection and analysis system provided by the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0039] Example 1 Use a torque wrench to install the upper sample 34 on the tool head 33, use the sample fixture 6 to fix the test sample L907 steel, adjust the X-direction differential head 42 and the Y-direction differential head 43 of the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform 4, then adjust the Z-direction differential head 41 and the angle stage 7 to rotate the handwheel to adjust the lower sample surface to be parallel to the upper sample 34 surface with a spacing of 500 μm, and tighten the locking screw. Pour the water medium into the temperature-controlled reactor 9, open the high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath 12, and after the liquid medium in the temperature-controlled reactor 9 reaches the required test temperature (5℃, 20℃, 40℃ and 60℃), adjust the liftable bracket 2 and observe the scale 8 to lower the lower sample to 12 mm below the liquid surface. Turn on the ultrasonic drive power supply 1, adjust the amplitude, and start the ultrasound. Set up the fine-tuning pan-tilt head 13, connect the high-speed camera 14 and the host computer 15, open the Phantom Software, set appropriate shooting parameters, coordinately adjust the knobs of the fine-tuning pan-tilt head 13 and the position of the light source 16, focus, and start shooting.

[0040] Figure 7 The cumulative mass loss and mass loss rate of L907A steel in water media at different temperatures are shown. After 10 hours of cavitation, the cumulative mass loss of L907A steel at 5 ℃, 20 ℃, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ were 39.8±4.2, 58.5±1.3, 64.2±7.2 and 31.6±1.7 mg, respectively. The cumulative mass loss of L907A steel was the smallest at 60 ℃, and the cumulative mass loss at 40 ℃ was twice that at 60 ℃. The results show that the cumulative mass loss of L907A steel increases with the increase of liquid medium temperature, reaches a peak value, and then decreases with the increase of liquid medium temperature.

[0041] Figure 8 The collapse process of a single bubble in a liquid medium at different temperatures is shown. The time interval between each photo in the figure is 1.39×10 -2 μs. First, as the temperature of the liquid medium increases, the maximum radius of the bubble increases (e.g. Figure 8 As shown in the red box in the figure, at 5 °C, the maximum cavitation bubble diameter is about 240 µm, while at 60 °C it is 750 µm. This is because the increase in medium temperature is accompanied by an increase in its saturated vapor pressure and a decrease in surface tension. However, bubbles with larger radius will produce a serious shielding effect. The bubbles far away from the downstream area of ​​the cavitation source provide protection or shielding for the bubbles close to the cavitation source. The bubble cloud in the downstream area limits the shock wave emitted by the collapse of the bubbles close to the cavitation source to propagate in the external area, thereby reducing the degree of cavitation damage at high temperature. Secondly, from Figure 8 It can be seen that as the medium temperature increases, the time required for the bubble to collapse increases ( Figure 8The yellow box in the middle is a photo of bubble collapse), which further reduces the frequency of bubble collapse. The speed of bubble collapse depends largely on the temperature of the medium. At 5 ℃, it takes 4.17×10 -2 µs( Figure 8 A4), while at 60 °C it requires 16.68×10 -2 µs( Figure 8 D13).

[0042] Example 2 Use a torque wrench to install the upper sample 34 on the tool head 33, use the sample fixture 6 to fix the test sample ZL101 cast aluminum alloy, adjust the X-direction differential head 42 and the Y-direction differential head 43 of the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform 4, then adjust the Z-direction differential head 41 and the angle stage 7 to rotate the handwheel to adjust the lower sample surface to be parallel to the upper sample 34 surface with a spacing of 500 μm, and tighten the locking screw. Pour RP-3 aviation kerosene into the temperature-controlled reactor 9, open the high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath 12, and wait until the liquid medium in the temperature-controlled reactor 9 reaches the required test temperature (10 ℃, 25 ℃, 60 ℃, 95 ℃ and 130 ℃), and then adjust the liftable bracket 2 and the scale 8 to lower the lower sample to 12 mm below the liquid surface. Turn on the ultrasonic drive power supply 1, adjust the amplitude, and start the ultrasound.

[0043] Fig. 9 The cumulative mass loss of ZL101 cast aluminum alloy in RP-3 aviation kerosene cavitation for 3 h is compared, combined with the surface morphology photos ( Fig.10 ) It can be found that the mass loss of ZL101 cast aluminum alloy is the largest at 95 ℃, the cavitation damage is the most serious, and the cavitation damage is the slightest at 10 ℃.

[0044] The embodiments illustrate that a multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system can not only evaluate the cavitation performance of materials under a variety of simulated working conditions, but also conduct high-speed camera in-situ observation during the cavitation process to observe in real time the bubble formation and collapse process in different liquid environments at different temperatures. It can better connect laboratory research with actual working conditions and evaluate the cavitation performance and damage mechanism of materials more accurately, objectively and scientifically.

Claims

1. A multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system, characterized in that: It includes a liftable bracket (2), an ultrasonic driving power supply (1), an ultrasonic host (3), an angle table (7), an XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4), a sample fixture (6), a high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath (12), a temperature controllable reactor (9), a thermocouple (5), a high-speed camera (14), a light source (16), a fine-tuning pan-tilt table (13) and a host computer (15); The temperature-controllable reactor (9) is used to hold the reaction medium; the high-low temperature integrated thermostatic bath (12) is connected to the temperature-controllable reactor (9) via a circulation pipeline; the high-low temperature integrated thermostatic bath (12) is used to adjust the temperature of the medium; the thermocouple (5) is arranged in the temperature-controllable reactor (9); The ultrasonic main unit (3) is connected to a liftable support (2), and the liftable support (2) drives the ultrasonic main unit (3) to move up and down; a replaceable horn (32) is fixed vertically downward by a flange on the transducer (31) of the ultrasonic main unit (3), the other end of the horn (32) is connected to a tool head (33), and a replaceable upper sample (34) is installed on the tool head (33), and the horn (32) is used to amplify the amplitude of the upper sample (34); an XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4) is installed on the liftable frame (2) by screws, and the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4) is used to adjust the position of the cavitation area and the distance between the lower sample and the upper sample (34); A sample fixture (6) is provided below the amplitude change rod (32), and the bottom of the sample fixture (6) is connected to an angle table (7); the sample fixture (6) is used to clamp the lower sample to be tested, and the angle table (7) is used to adjust the horizontality of the sample fixture (6); the bottom of the angle table (7) is connected to the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4) via a titanium alloy hanging piece; The high-speed camera (14) is placed on a fine-tuning pan-tilt platform (13) and in front of the high-transmittance glass surface of the temperature-controllable reactor (9). The light source (16) is arranged around the temperature-controllable reactor (9). The signal of the high-speed camera (14) is connected to the host computer (15).

2. A multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample fixture (6) consists of two front and rear clamps (61) and screws. The clamp (61) has a V-shaped opening in the middle, a 6 mm wide groove on the top, and threaded holes on both sides. The screws pass through the grooves to fix the clamp (61) on the top of the angle table (7). The two clamps (61) are connected by screws, and the spacing between the clamps (61) is adjusted by screws.

3. A multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4) comprises a Z direction differential head (41), an X direction differential head (42), a Y direction differential head (43) and a locking screw (44), and the position of the cavitation area and the distance between the lower sample and the upper sample (34) are adjusted within a precision range of 0.03 mm by rotating the differential head.

4. The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle table (7) is driven by a worm gear, and the degree of inclination of the worktable surface on the dovetail guide rail is achieved by adjusting the front and rear rotating hand wheel (71) and the left and right rotating hand wheel (72), thereby adjusting the parallelism between the lower specimen and the upper specimen (34) of the tool head (33).

5. The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amplitude changing rod (32) can realize continuous regulation of the amplitude of the tool head (33) between 40 and 110 μm.

6. The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath (12) is used to achieve temperature rise and fall and temperature control of the liquid medium in the reaction kettle within a range of -10 to 150°C.

7. The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-controllable reactor (9) includes two specifications; one is a square high-transmittance glass reactor, which is composed of a single-layer high-transmittance glass panel and a double-layer ordinary high-temperature resistant glass spliced ​​into a cubic structure, and is used for online in-situ observation of cavitation conditions. While meeting the high-transmittance shooting requirements of the high-speed camera (14), it can also achieve temperature control of the liquid medium in the reactor; the other is a stainless steel cylindrical reactor, which is used for long-term evaluation of material cavitation performance tests under harsh simulated working conditions over a wide temperature range.

8. The multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed camera (14) is used in conjunction with the fine-tuning pan / tilt platform (13), the light source (16) and the host computer (15) to observe and photograph cavitation characteristics at different temperatures and different ultrasonic amplitudes in a variety of liquid media.

9. A method for using the multifunctional cavitation evaluation and in-situ observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a) installing / replacing the ultrasonic host (3), turning on the ultrasonic driving power supply (1), setting the test time and amplitude test parameters on the operation interface, and then pouring the medium required for the test into the temperature-controlled reactor (9); b) Install the 316L stainless steel upper sample (34) on the tool head (33), then wipe the surface of the upper sample (34) clean with an alcohol cotton ball, adjust the liftable bracket (2), observe the scale (8) and lower the upper sample (34) to a specified depth below the liquid surface; c) Start ultrasound, turn on the high and low temperature integrated constant temperature bath (12), set the required temperature control value, start the cooling, heating and circulation functions in sequence, and adjust the circulation speed so that the liquid medium in the temperature controllable reactor (9) is maintained within the required test temperature range; d) Pause the ultrasound, control the lifting bracket (2) to rise, adjust the clamp (61) of the sample fixture (6) and the screw to clamp and fix the test sample, adjust the X-direction differential head (42) and the Y-direction differential head (43) of the XYZ axis displacement adjustment platform (4) to select the cavitation area, and then adjust the Z-direction differential head (41) and the rotating hand wheel of the angle table (7) to adjust the sample surface to be parallel to the surface of the upper sample (34), and adjust the rotation direction differential head to adjust the distance between the sample surface and the surface of the upper sample (34), and tighten the locking screw (44); e) adjusting the elevating support (2) and observing the scale (8) to lower the upper sample (34) to a specified depth below the liquid surface, starting ultrasound, and conducting a cavitation test; f) The high-speed camera (14) is an in-situ online observation unit. When shooting, a fine-tuning pan-tilt (13) is set up, the high-speed camera (14) is connected to the host computer (15), the Phantom Software is opened, the corresponding shooting parameters are set, the knobs of the fine-tuning pan-tilt (13) and the positions of the light source (16) are adjusted in coordination, the camera is focused, and shooting begins; g) After the cavitation test is completed, the liftable support (2) is raised from the temperature-controlled reactor (9), the lower sample is removed from the sample fixture (6), the lower sample is placed in an organic solvent, and after ultrasonic cleaning and high-temperature drying, the test sample is weighed using an electronic balance; h) For experiments conducted under high temperature conditions, the liquid medium is poured out from the temperature-controlled reactor (9) after cooling, and the angle table (7), the sample holder (6) and the temperature-controlled reactor (9) are cleaned.

Images