Methods, devices, electronic equipment and storage media for locating lightning strike faults in power transmission lines

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power system technology, and provides a method, device, electronic device, and storage medium for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines. The method includes: acquiring transient voltage data after a direct lightning strike on a transmission line; defining a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data; converting the transient voltage into a transient current; injecting the transient current in reverse from the same observation point into a simulation model of the transmission system to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location; calculating the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and determining the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location. This application only requires the installation of a single measurement point at the main substation to achieve high-precision lightning strike fault location with high reliability. It is applicable not only to lossless systems but also to lossy transmission lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system technology, specifically to a method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] There is a clear correlation between lightning strikes and power outages. The incidence of lightning strikes on overhead transmission lines is estimated through lightning exposure, which involves the physical processes involved in the final stage of the lightning strike's downward propagation. This process can result in lightning strikes to phase conductors, towers, or overhead ground wires. The lightning return current injected into these conductors generates a high-voltage lightning surge, which propagates in two directions along the transmission line as a traveling wave from the point of contact with the lightning strike.

[0003] When a direct lightning strike occurs near a substation, the lightning surge can damage transformer windings and even secondary equipment. Besides this rare occurrence, direct lightning strikes can also trigger flashovers (in cases of shielding failure) and reverse flashovers. In these situations, the most obvious impact is a sudden voltage drop or permanent power outage. Furthermore, the insulation performance of network components deteriorates during a flashover. This weakening of insulation is a significant hazard that needs to be identified early and addressed through routine maintenance.

[0004] Therefore, accurately locating the point of lightning strike is crucial for power supply safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the embodiments of this application provide a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for locating lightning strike faults in power transmission lines, which can accurately locate the lightning strike fault point and ensure power supply safety.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines, including:

[0007] Acquire transient voltage data after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning;

[0008] Define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data;

[0009] Convert transient voltage into transient current;

[0010] The transient current is injected in reverse from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location;

[0011] Calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location.

[0012] This application's embodiments ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the data by acquiring transient voltage data after a direct lightning strike. A set of possible fault locations is defined based on historical fault data, providing a reasonable range of assumptions for subsequent simulations. Transient voltage is converted into transient current and injected back into the simulation model from the same observation point, ensuring the correct propagation path of the signal in the simulation. The fault location is determined and output by calculating time-domain similarity, effectively identifying the simulated location closest to the actual fault location, thereby improving positioning accuracy and reliability. This application only requires installing one measurement point in the main substation to achieve fault location, and its performance is insensitive to system complexity and configuration. Furthermore, this method is applicable not only to lossless systems but also to lossy transmission lines; for lossy media, both the reverse loss model and the lossy back propagation model can achieve accurate fault location.

[0013] In one embodiment, acquiring the transient voltage signal after a transmission line is struck by direct lightning includes acquiring transient voltage data measured at a given observation point after the transmission line is struck by direct lightning.

[0014] This application embodiment ensures the clarity and consistency of the data source by acquiring transient voltage data measured at a given observation point, avoiding errors caused by different observation points. By processing data from specific observation points, the quality of the input simulation data can be better controlled, thereby improving the accuracy of the entire positioning system. Furthermore, using fixed observation points simplifies the data collection and processing process, facilitates standardized operations, and improves work efficiency.

[0015] In one embodiment, converting a transient voltage into a transient current includes performing a time-reversal process on the transient voltage to obtain the transient current.

[0016] The embodiments of this application convert transient voltage into transient current by time reversal, making the current signal of the reverse injection simulation model closer to the actual situation.

[0017] In one embodiment, calculating the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and determining the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location, includes:

[0018] The transient current is sampled to obtain a transient current signal sequence, and the transverse branch current is sampled to obtain a transverse branch current sequence;

[0019] Calculate the maximum cross-correlation index between the transient current signal sequence and the transverse branch current sequence at each possible fault location;

[0020] The fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location.

[0021] This application's embodiments sample and calculate the maximum cross-correlation index of the signal sequence. Through discretization, the complex continuous-time signal is transformed into a discrete signal sequence that is easy to process, greatly simplifying the calculation process. Using the maximum cross-correlation index as a quantification standard to measure the similarity between two signals leads to more accurate fault location determination. This allows for efficient determination of the most probable fault location, significantly improving the speed and accuracy of fault localization.

[0022] In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence is:

[0023]

[0024] Where, k = 0, 1, 2, ..., K; l = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., ±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; The maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence for each possible fault location; x G Let ψ(x) be a defined set of possible fault locations; G ,kl) represents the expression for ψ(x G φ(k) is the signal sequence shifted |l sampling points along the time axis; φ(k) is the transient current signal sequence; ψ(x) is the signal sequence shifted |l sampling points along the time axis. G ,k) is the transverse branch current sequence; l is the time shift of the signal.

[0025] This application's embodiments, by introducing parameters such as time windows, time sampling intervals, and signal shift amounts, ensure the rigor and repeatability of the calculation process, guaranteeing the accuracy of the calculations, and providing a reliable basis for subsequent fault location determination. In this way, the subtle differences between transient currents and transverse branch currents can be captured more precisely, thereby improving the accuracy of fault location.

[0026] A second aspect of this application provides a lightning strike fault location device for power transmission lines, comprising:

[0027] The data acquisition module is used to acquire transient voltage data after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning;

[0028] The fault location definition module is used to define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data.

[0029] The conversion module is used to convert transient voltage into transient current;

[0030] The transverse branch current calculation module is used to inject the transient current from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system in reverse to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location.

[0031] The fault location determination module is used to calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and to determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location.

[0032] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device enables the transmission tower lightning resistance level analysis method provided in the first aspect of this application.

[0033] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect of this application.

[0034] The transmission line lightning strike fault location method provided in the first aspect of this application ensures the accuracy and real-time performance of the data by acquiring transient voltage data after a direct lightning strike. A set of possible fault locations is defined based on historical fault data, providing a reasonable range of assumptions for subsequent simulations. The transient voltage is converted into a transient current and injected back into the simulation model from the same observation point, ensuring the correct propagation path of the signal in the simulation. The fault location is determined and output by calculating time-domain similarity, effectively identifying the simulated location closest to the actual fault location, thereby improving location accuracy and reliability. This application only requires installing one measurement point in the main substation to achieve fault location, and its performance is insensitive to system complexity and configuration. Furthermore, this method is applicable not only to lossless systems but also to lossy transmission lines; for lossy media, both the reverse loss model and the lossy back propagation model can achieve accurate fault location.

[0035] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines, provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines, provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission line lightning fault location device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0042] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0043] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0044] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0045] The transmission line lightning strike fault location provided in this application can be executed by the processor of an electronic device when running a computer program with corresponding functions. By acquiring transient voltage data after a direct lightning strike, the accuracy and real-time nature of the data used are ensured. A set of possible fault locations is defined, providing a reasonable range of assumptions for subsequent simulations. The transient voltage is converted into a transient current and injected back into the simulation model from the same observation point, ensuring the correct propagation path of the signal in the simulation. By calculating the time-domain similarity to determine and output the fault location, the simulated location closest to the actual fault location can be effectively identified, thereby improving the location accuracy and reliability. This application only requires the installation of one measurement point in the main substation to achieve fault location, and its performance is insensitive to system complexity and configuration. Furthermore, this method is applicable not only to lossless systems but also to lossy transmission lines. For lossy media, both the reverse loss model and the lossy reverse propagation model can achieve accurate fault location.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the transmission line lightning strike fault location method provided in this application includes the following steps S101 to S105:

[0047] Step S101: Obtain transient voltage data after the transmission line is directly struck by lightning.

[0048] In applications, a given observation point can be a distributed measurement system installed on the secondary winding of a transformer in a substation feeding a transmission line. High-precision measuring equipment (such as a high-speed digital oscilloscope or electromagnetic transient recorder) is used to collect transient voltage data at the given observation point after the transmission line has been directly struck by lightning. These devices are capable of capturing the high-frequency transient voltage signal generated at the moment of the lightning strike at a very high sampling rate (e.g., millions of samples per second). To ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data, observation points are typically set up at multiple key locations, and data is recorded synchronously. Furthermore, the acquired data can undergo preliminary processing, such as filtering and noise reduction, to eliminate potential interference signals and ensure the reliability of subsequent analysis.

[0049] Step S102: Define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data.

[0050] In applications, based on the specific topology of the transmission line and historical fault data, a set of possible fault locations xG = {xg|xg,1,xg,2,…,xf,…} is defined, where x g For each guessed location of a lightning strike or flashover, a set of possible fault locations contains the actual fault location (i.e., x = x). f This set of locations includes, but is not limited to, known lightning-prone towers, substation entrances, and other potential fault hotspots. To improve location accuracy, geographic information system (GIS) and meteorological data can be combined to predict areas with a high probability of lightning strikes. Each possible fault location is assigned a unique identifier for reference in subsequent calculations. Furthermore, based on the length and complexity of the transmission line, the entire line can be divided into several segments, each with multiple possible fault locations to cover all potential fault points.

[0051] Step S103: Convert transient voltage into transient current.

[0052] In applications, the transient voltage signal can first be time-reversed, pointing it from the future to the past, simulating the reverse propagation process of a lightning strike. Then, the transient current signal is calculated using Norton's equivalent impedance. This conversion process not only considers the electrical characteristics of the actual circuit but also ensures physical consistency when injecting the signal into the simulation model. Furthermore, for multiphase systems, the voltage and current signals of each phase conductor can be processed separately to ensure accurate relationships between phases.

[0053] Step S104: Inject the transient current from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system in reverse to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location.

[0054] In application, the transient current signal obtained in step S103 is injected in reverse from the same observation point into the electromagnetic transient simulation model of the transmission system. This simulation model can simulate the behavior of transmission lines and their components (such as conductors, towers, substations, etc.) under electromagnetic transient conditions. The simulation model can solve Maxwell's equations using numerical methods (such as the finite difference method or the finite element method) to accurately describe the forward and reverse propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves on the transmission line. After passing through the simulation model, the reverse-injected transient current signal generates transverse branch current signals at each possible fault location. These signals reflect the potential impact of lightning strikes or flashovers if a fault occurs at x... G The current propagates along the transmission line at a given location.

[0055] Step S105: Calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location.

[0056] This application's embodiments ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the data by acquiring transient voltage data after a direct lightning strike. A set of possible fault locations is defined, providing a reasonable range of assumptions for subsequent simulations. The transient voltage is converted into transient current and injected back into the simulation model from the same observation point, ensuring the correct propagation path of the signal in the simulation. By calculating time-domain similarity to determine and output the fault location, the simulated location closest to the actual fault location can be effectively identified, thereby improving positioning accuracy and reliability. This application only requires installing one measurement point in the main substation to achieve fault location, and its performance is insensitive to system complexity and configuration. Furthermore, this method is applicable not only to lossless systems but also to lossy transmission lines; for lossy media, both the reverse loss model and the lossy reverse propagation model can achieve accurate fault location.

[0057] In one embodiment, acquiring the transient voltage signal after a transmission line is struck by direct lightning includes acquiring transient voltage data measured at a given observation point after the transmission line is struck by direct lightning.

[0058] In the application, the transient voltage measured at a given observation point (a distributed measurement system installed on the secondary winding of the transformer in the power supply substation of the transmission line) is obtained from the moment of the direct lightning strike on the transmission line, starting from the moment of the strike:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, T is the voltage recorded during transient events. time window, t trigger This is the moment of triggering after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning. The observation point is located at a terminal of the network, usually assumed to be the origin of the spatial coordinate system (i.e., the subscript "0" of the observed voltage in the above formula).

[0061] This application embodiment ensures the clarity and consistency of the data source by acquiring transient voltage data measured at a given observation point, avoiding errors caused by different observation points. By processing data from specific observation points, the quality of the input simulation data can be better controlled, thereby improving the accuracy of the entire positioning system. Furthermore, using fixed observation points simplifies the data collection and processing process, facilitates standardized operations, and improves work efficiency.

[0062] In one embodiment, converting a transient voltage into a transient current includes performing a time-reversal process on the transient voltage to obtain the transient current.

[0063] In the application, firstly, within the time window Within this process, the high-frequency transient voltage is extracted through appropriate filtering (i.e., removing the steady-state power frequency component) and its time is inverted to:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, This is the high-frequency transient voltage extracted after filtering. This refers to the time window for extraction.

[0066] Then, the Norton equivalent is applied to convert the transient voltage signal into a transient current signal:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, Z0 is the input impedance of the terminal (transformer), which is assumed to be high impedance. This is the transient voltage signal after filtering and time reversal.

[0069] Finally, by using current The numerical model is back-injected into the network from the observation point to numerically simulate the current flowing through the transverse branch, which is located at x. G Each of the predetermined locations.

[0070] The embodiments of this application convert transient voltage into transient current by time reversal, making the current signal of the reverse injection simulation model closer to the actual situation.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, step S105 includes the following steps S201 to S203:

[0072] Step S201: Sample the transient current to obtain the transient current signal sequence; sample the transverse branch current to obtain the transverse branch current sequence.

[0073] In application, Perform sampling with a period of Δt, i.e. The transverse branch current sequence φ(k) is obtained; for Perform sampling with a period of Δt, i.e. The transient current signal sequence ψ(x) is obtained. G ,k).

[0074] in, k=0,1,2,…,K; l=0,±1,±2,…,±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; This indicates transient current; the subscript "ph" indicates the phase conductor. This indicates the lateral branch current.

[0075] Step S202: Calculate the maximum cross-correlation index between the transient current signal sequence and the transverse branch current sequence at each possible fault location.

[0076] In applications, the formula for calculating the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence is:

[0077]

[0078] Where, l = 0, ±1, ±2, …, ±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; The maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence for each possible fault location; x G Let ψ(x) be a defined set of possible fault locations; G ,kl) represents the expression for ψ(x G φ(k) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis; φ(k) is the transient current signal sequence; ψ(x) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis. G ,k) is the transverse branch current sequence; l is the time shift of the signal.

[0079] Step S203: The fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location.

[0080] In application, according to the formula Calculate the fault location x f , locate the fault at x f Identify the location of the lightning strike fault and output the information.

[0081] This application's embodiments sample and calculate the maximum cross-correlation sequence index of the signal sequence. Through discretization, the complex continuous-time signal is transformed into a discrete signal sequence that is easy to process, greatly simplifying the calculation process. Using the maximum cross-correlation sequence index as a quantification standard to measure the similarity between two signals makes fault location determination more accurate. It can efficiently determine the most probable fault location, significantly improving the speed and accuracy of fault location. By introducing parameters such as time window, time sampling interval, and signal shift, the rigor and repeatability of the calculation process are ensured, guaranteeing the accuracy of the calculation and providing a reliable basis for subsequent fault location determination. In this way, the subtle differences between transient current and transverse branch current can be captured more precisely, thereby improving the accuracy of fault location.

[0082] This application also provides a method for locating lightning strike faults in power transmission lines, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S1: Obtain the transient voltage measured at a given observation point (a distributed measurement system installed on the secondary winding of the transformer in the power supply substation of the transmission line) from the moment of triggering after the transmission line is directly struck by lightning:

[0084]

[0085] Step S2: Define a set of guessed locations of lightning strikes or flashovers (GFLs):

[0086] x G ={x g |x g,1 ,x g,2 ,…,x f ,…}.

[0087] Step S3, within the time window Within this process, the high-frequency transient voltage is extracted through appropriate filtering (i.e., removing the steady-state power frequency component) and its time is inverted to:

[0088]

[0089] Step S4: Apply Norton's equivalent method to convert the transient voltage signal into a transient current signal:

[0090]

[0091] Step S5: By passing the current The numerical model is back-injected into the network from the observation point to numerically simulate the current flowing through the transverse branch, which is located at x. G Each of the predetermined locations.

[0092] Step S6: Calculate the MCCS index (i.e., the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence):

[0093]

[0094] Step S7, at the guessed lightning strike and flash locations (GFLs) x G In the middle, x f The most likely location is:

[0095]

[0096] Step S8: Output the lightning strike or flashover ranging result x f .

[0097] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0098] This application also provides a transmission line lightning strike fault location device for performing the steps described in the above-described transmission line lightning strike fault location method embodiments. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device can be a virtual appliance within an electronic device, run by the electronic device's processor, or it can be the electronic device itself.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this application provides a transmission line lightning strike fault location device 100, comprising:

[0100] Data acquisition module 101 is used to acquire transient voltage data after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning;

[0101] The fault location definition module 102 is used to define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data.

[0102] Conversion module 103 is used to convert transient voltage into transient current;

[0103] The transverse branch current calculation module 104 is used to inject transient current from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system in reverse to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location.

[0104] The fault location determination module 105 is used to calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and to determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location.

[0105] The data acquisition module is also used to acquire transient voltage data measured at a given observation point after a transmission line has been directly struck by lightning.

[0106] In one embodiment, the conversion module is also used to perform time reversal processing on the transient voltage to obtain the transient current.

[0107] In one embodiment, the fault location determination module is further configured to:

[0108] The transient current is sampled to obtain the transient current signal sequence, and the transverse branch current is sampled to obtain the transverse branch current sequence;

[0109] Calculate the maximum cross-correlation index between the transient current signal sequence and the transverse branch current sequence at each possible fault location;

[0110] The fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location.

[0111] In one embodiment, the formula for calculating the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence is:

[0112]

[0113] Where, k = 0, 1, 2, ..., K; l = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., ±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; The maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence for each possible fault location; x G Let ψ(x) be a defined set of possible fault locations; G ,kl) represents the expression for ψ(x G φ(k) is the signal sequence shifted |l sampling points along the time axis; φ(k) is the transient current signal sequence; ψ(x) is the signal sequence shifted |l sampling points along the time axis. G ,k) is the transverse branch current sequence; l is the time shift of the signal.

[0114] In one embodiment, the fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence maximum index is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location, including:

[0115] According to the formula Calculate the fault location x f , locate the fault at x f The location of the fault has been determined to be due to a lightning strike.

[0116] In applications, the modules in the power transmission line lightning strike fault location device can be software program modules, or they can be implemented through different logic circuits integrated in the processor, or they can be implemented through multiple distributed processors.

[0117] like Figure 5 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 200, including: at least one processor 201 ( Figure 5 The diagram shows only one processor, memory 202, and computer program 203 stored in memory 202 and executable on at least one processor 201. When processor 201 executes computer program 203, it implements the steps in the various method embodiments described above.

[0118] In applications, electronic devices may include, but are not limited to, processors and memory.

[0119] In applications, the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), but it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0120] In applications, memory can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device in some embodiments, such as a hard drive or RAM. In other embodiments, memory can be an external storage device of the electronic device, such as a plug-in hard drive, Smart Media Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, or Flash Card. Furthermore, memory can include both internal and external storage units of the electronic device. Memory is used to store operating systems, applications, bootloaders, data, and other programs, such as program code for computer programs. Memory can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0121] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of this application. For details on their specific functions and technical effects, please refer to the method embodiments section, and they will not be repeated here.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0123] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0124] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when run on an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform the steps described in the various method embodiments above.

[0125] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments of this application can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. A computer-readable medium can include at least: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code to a device / electronic device, a recording medium, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium. Examples include USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks. In some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media cannot be electrical carrier signals or telecommunication signals.

[0126] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0128] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0129] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0130] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for locating lightning strike faults in power transmission lines, characterized in that, include: Acquire transient voltage data after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning; Define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data; Convert transient voltage into transient current; The transient current is injected in reverse from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location; Calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location; The calculation of the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and the determination of the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location, includes: The transient current is sampled to obtain a transient current signal sequence, and the transverse branch current is sampled to obtain a transverse branch current sequence; Calculate the maximum cross-correlation index between the transient current signal sequence and the transverse branch current sequence at each possible fault location; The fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location. The formula for calculating the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence is: Where, k = 0, 1, 2, ..., K; l = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., ±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; The maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence for each possible fault location; x G Let ψ(x) be a defined set of possible fault locations; G ,kl) represents the expression for ψ(x G φ(k) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis; φ(k) is the transient current signal sequence; ψ(x) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis. G (k) represents the transverse branch current sequence; l represents the time shift of the signal; The step of determining the fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence as the fault location with the highest similarity, and identifying it as the lightning strike fault location, includes: According to the formula Calculate the fault location x f The fault location x f The location of the lightning strike fault was determined.

2. The method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of transient voltage signals after a transmission line is struck by direct lightning includes acquiring transient voltage data measured at a given observation point after the transmission line is struck by direct lightning.

3. The method for locating lightning strike faults in transmission lines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of converting transient voltage into transient current includes performing time reversal processing on the transient voltage to obtain the transient current.

4. A transmission line lightning strike fault location device for implementing the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire transient voltage data after a transmission line is directly struck by lightning; The fault location definition module is used to define a set of possible fault locations based on historical fault data. The conversion module is used to convert transient voltage into transient current; The transverse branch current calculation module is used to inject the transient current from the same observation point into the simulation model of the power transmission system in reverse to simulate the transverse branch current at each possible fault location. The fault location determination module is used to calculate the time-domain similarity between the transient current and the transverse branch current at each possible fault location, and to determine the fault location with the highest similarity as the lightning strike fault location.

5. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition module is also used to acquire transient voltage data measured at a given observation point after the transmission line is directly struck by lightning.

6. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The conversion module is also used to perform time reversal processing on the transient voltage to obtain the transient current.

7. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fault location determination module is also used for: The transient current is sampled to obtain a transient current signal sequence, and the transverse branch current is sampled to obtain a transverse branch current sequence; Calculate the maximum cross-correlation index between the transient current signal sequence and the transverse branch current sequence at each possible fault location; The fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence is taken as the fault location with the highest similarity and determined as the lightning strike fault location.

8. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence is: Where, k = 0, 1, 2, ..., K; l = 0, ±1, ±2, ..., ±(K-1); Δt is the time window; K is the time sampling interval; Δt is the time window value. The number of time sampling periods included; k is an integer variable used to index a specific sampling point in the discrete-time signal; The maximum value index of the cross-correlation sequence for each possible fault location; x G Let ψ(x) be a defined set of possible fault locations; G ,kl) represents the expression for ψ(x G φ(k) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis; φ(k) is the transient current signal sequence; ψ(x) is the signal sequence shifted |l| sampling points along the time axis. G ,k) is the transverse branch current sequence; l is the time shift of the signal.

9. The transmission line lightning strike fault location device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of determining the fault location corresponding to the largest value in the cross-correlation sequence as the fault location with the highest similarity, and identifying it as the lightning strike fault location, includes: According to the formula Calculate the fault location x f The fault location x f The location of the lightning strike fault was determined.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, when the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

11. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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