Atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method and device and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of photoelectric new energy, new-generation information technology and atmospheric environment, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics based on a diffusion limitation condensation algorithm; calculating fractal dimensions of the aerosol cluster model by using a box counting method; according to the fractal dimension, calculating the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model of the fractal geometric features; coupling the optical equivalent radius into a mesoscale air quality mode, and calculating to obtain an atmospheric extinction coefficient considering the aerosol process; the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast result is calculated by considering the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process; according to the method, the physical simulation degree and the forecast simulation precision of the atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics by the atmospheric mode are improved, so that the simulation result of the mesoscale air quality mode on the atmospheric visibility and the photovoltaic power is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method, device and storage medium, and belongs to the fields of optoelectronic new energy, new generation information technology and atmospheric environment. Background Art

[0002] The extinction characteristics of aerosols have an important impact on the near-ground solar radiation flux and further on photovoltaic power generation. The accurate forecasting of these variables remains a difficult problem in the numerical forecasting of meteorology and atmospheric environment, and there is still a lot of room for improvement and business demand for the forecast accuracy.

[0003] Microscopic observations have shown that most aerosol particles exist in the atmosphere in complex cluster structures. However, the simulation of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in most current numerical models is mainly based on the spherical particle assumption or simple geometric models. Although these methods are easy to calculate, they ignore the complex morphology of aerosol particles in the real atmosphere and do not fully discuss the growth mechanism that forms this complex morphology. Therefore, the mass concentration of the simulation results does not match the simulated optical properties. Therefore, it is often the case that the model's prediction results for the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosols are acceptable, but there are large errors in the corresponding prediction results for atmospheric optical properties. This will in turn affect the prediction of atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method, device and storage medium for forecasting atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, which improves the physical simulation degree and forecast simulation accuracy of the atmospheric model for the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols, thereby significantly improving the simulation results of the mesoscale air quality model for atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, so as to better predict the available power of photovoltaic power stations.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for forecasting atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, comprising: Based on the diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm, an aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is constructed; The fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model was calculated using the box counting method; According to the fractal dimension, the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is calculated; The optical equivalent radius is coupled into the mesoscale air mass model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process. By considering the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process, the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results are calculated.

[0006] Furthermore, the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics is constructed based on the diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm, including: a) Initialize the three-dimensional space and place the initial monomer particle at the center; b) Randomly release new particles around the initial monomer particles to make them perform Brownian motion; c) If the new particle moves to a position adjacent to an existing cluster, it adheres to form a complex; d) Repeat steps b)-c) until the number of cluster particles reaches a preset value, thereby generating an aerosol cluster model with a non-spherical fractal structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the method of calculating the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model using a box counting method includes: The space where the aerosol cluster model is located is divided into grids with multiple different spatial measurements; In each partition, the number of grids occupied by the aerosol cluster model and the total number of grids are counted; The number of grids and the total number of grids under multiple different measurements are logarithmically fitted, and the slope obtained by fitting is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model.

[0008] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the fractal dimension is as follows: ; in is the number of grids covering the aerosol clusters, is the grid side length, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model obtained.

[0009] Furthermore, the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is calculated according to the fractal dimension, and the formula is as follows: ; in, is the optical equivalent radius of a spherical particle, is the optical equivalent radius of the fractal particle, is the fractal factor, is the monomer radius, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster; in, The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, is the ratio constant, is the number of monomer particles contained in the aerosol cluster; ; in, is the aerodynamic equivalent radius in the spherical cluster model, and the calculation formula is as follows: .

[0010] Furthermore, the optical equivalent radius is coupled into the mesoscale air quality model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process, and the formula is as follows: ; in, is the atmospheric extinction coefficient, It is with The aerosol number concentration associated with each particle size interval is is the extinction efficiency, is the size parameter of the particle size, It is the number of intervals divided for the particle sizes of all aerosols in the atmosphere according to the optical characteristics of aerosols of different particle sizes in the atmospheric model.

[0011] Furthermore, the atmospheric visibility is calculated by taking into account the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process, and the formula is as follows: ; in is the atmospheric visibility, is a constant that varies with atmospheric conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power calculation method includes: Calculate the aerosol optical depth through the atmospheric extinction coefficient , the formula is as follows: ; In the formula, is the height of the top of the atmosphere, for each atmospheric layer height; Aerosol Optical Depth , calculate the surface shortwave radiation, the formula is as follows: ; in is the surface shortwave radiation, is the solar constant, is the solar zenith angle, is the surface albedo; is a natural constant; The photovoltaic power is calculated through the shortwave radiation on the ground. The formula is as follows: ; in is the photovoltaic power, is the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, is the area of ​​the PV panel.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting device, comprising: Model building module, used to build aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics based on diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm; A first calculation module is used to calculate the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model using a box counting method; The second calculation module is used to calculate the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics according to the fractal dimension; The third calculation module couples the optical equivalent radius into the mesoscale air quality model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process; The forecast module is used to calculate the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results by taking into account the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the aforementioned methods.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method, device and storage medium for forecasting atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power. On the basis of clarifying the growth mechanism of aerosol clusters, a fractal aerosol cluster model is introduced to improve the physical simulation degree and forecast simulation accuracy of atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics, thereby significantly improving the simulation results of atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power generation by a mesoscale atmospheric model. The method can better predict the power that can be generated by a photovoltaic power station and has important application value in new energy resources and safety assessment, environmental management, meteorological forecasting and regional climate research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a flow chart of an atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the optical equivalent radius and the aerodynamic equivalent radius of the atmospheric aerosol cluster provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the relationship between the number of monomers constituting the aerosol cluster and the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster; Figure 3 This is a spatial structure effect diagram of a fractal aerosol cluster obtained by simulation according to the DLA algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating the fractal dimension of a fractal aerosol space with different numbers of monomers using a box counting method provided by an embodiment of the invention; Figure 5It is a time series diagram of atmospheric visibility simulation and observation in a simulation case provided by an embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 It is a time series diagram of the simulated and observed surface shortwave radiation flux at a certain station in the same event provided by an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1: This embodiment introduces a method for forecasting atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, including: Based on the diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm, an aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is constructed; The fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model was calculated using the box counting method; According to the fractal dimension, the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is calculated; The optical equivalent radius is coupled into the mesoscale air mass model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process. By considering the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process, the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results are calculated.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method provided in this embodiment specifically involves the following steps in its application process: 1. Propose a particle mathematical model of fractal geometry: Based on the appearance characteristics of aerosol clusters observed under a microscope, a hypothesis of the fractal characteristics of aerosol particles is proposed; based on this hypothesis, the relationship between the aerodynamic equivalent radius and optical equivalent radius of fractal aerosols and the fractal dimension, amount of matter, and other mathematical and physical characteristics of aerosol clusters is discussed, and a quantitative comparison is made with the results obtained based on the spherical aerosol simulation hypothesis in the traditional air quality model, proving that the fractal characteristics of aerosol clusters will lead to stronger atmospheric optical characteristics. In the spherical cluster model in the previous numerical atmospheric model, the formula for its aerodynamic equivalent radius is: (1); in is the aerodynamic equivalent radius in the spherical cluster model, is the monomer radius, It is the number of monomer particles contained in the aerosol cluster.

[0020] At the same time, the optical equivalent radius in the spherical cluster model is: (2); in is the optical equivalent radius of a spherical particle, is the ratio constant. It can be found that the ratio between the two is: (3); in It is the ratio of the optical equivalent radius of spherical particles to their aerodynamic radius. It is a constant and has nothing to do with the amount of matter in the aerosol particles. That is, for spherical cluster aerosols, the larger the optical equivalent radius, the larger the aerodynamic equivalent radius, and the two are linearly correlated.

[0021] However, recent microscopic observations have shown that most atmospheric aerosol clusters caused by anthropogenic emissions often have complex shapes. On the one hand, they are far from the spherical assumption in traditional models. On the other hand, their appearance is considered to have geometric self-similarity at different scales, that is, fractal characteristics. Therefore, we need to establish a fractal model of atmospheric aerosol clusters. For this fractal aerosol cluster model, its aerodynamic equivalent radius should be: (4); in is the aerodynamic equivalent radius of the fractal aerosol cluster model, is the monomer radius, is the number of monomer particles that make up the aerosol cluster, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster, is the fractal factor, and its empirical formula is: (5); Furthermore, the optical equivalent radius of the fractal aerosol cluster model is: (6); The ratio is: (7); in is the ratio of the optical equivalent radius of the fractal aerosol cluster to the aerodynamic radius, which is very different from that of spherical particles and varies with the fractal dimension and the number of monomer particles. Figure 2 .

[0022] 2. Generate a fractal aerosol space model: Use the diffusion limited aggregation algorithm (DLA) to simulate the physical process of random motion and collision of aerosol monomer particles in three-dimensional space, and then grow aerosol clusters. The shape of the aerosol clusters obtained by this simulation process is roughly consistent with that observed under the microscope, with a complex and irregular spherical structure, see Figure 3 ,exist Figure 3 In the figure, the number N of monomers constituting the cluster is 50, 100, 300 and 1000 respectively.

[0023] The specific steps are as follows: a) First, a fixed-size space is divided as the particle growth space, and a stationary monomer particle is placed in the center of the space as the starting point of cluster growth; b) randomly releasing new monomer particles in a spherical area with the particle as the center, so that they move randomly in any direction and within a certain speed range; c) If it moves to an area that is greater than a certain distance from the previous particle, we consider it to have escaped to infinity, clear this particle and re-enter step b); and if the new particle moves to a grid coordinate adjacent to the previous one, there is a certain probability that the two can adhere to each other and form a complex; d) Repeat the above process from b) to c) until the number of condensed particles reaches a predetermined number, and finally a spatial aerosol model with a complex and irregular shape will be formed.

[0024] 3. Calculation of the fractal dimension of the aerosol model: Use the box counting method to calculate the fractal dimension of the space where the aerosol cluster model generated by the above simulation is located. The box counting method first divides the space into grids with different spatial measurements for multiple times. In each division, the number of grids occupied by aerosol clusters and the total number of grids are counted. Then, these two series under multiple different measurements are logarithmically fitted. The slope obtained by the fitting is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster. Through this step, it is further verified that the physical mechanism of aerosol growth and the aerosol clusters generated under this mechanism have fractal characteristics. (See Figure 4 ). The specific steps are as follows: a) performing multiple grid divisions of different spatial measures on the three-dimensional space where the generated aerosol cluster model is located, that is, in each division, the three-dimensional space is divided into three-dimensional cube grids of the same size; b) After each spatial grid division, count the number of grids occupied by aerosol clusters and the total number of grid cells (or the spatial measure of the grid, i.e. the length of the edge ); c) For different times of space partitioning based on different measures, we can get and Take the logarithm of the two and fit them respectively, and the slope is the dimension of the aerosol cluster model. The specific calculation formula is: (8); in is the number of grids covering the aerosol clusters, is the grid side length, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model obtained; d) Repeat the above steps to calculate grids of different scales, and finally obtain the fractal dimension of the aerosol model, which is used to characterize the complex geometric structure of aerosol clusters.

[0025] 4. Parameterization of aerosol optical equivalent radius: The optical equivalent radius and aerodynamic radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics are recalculated theoretically. This theoretical result is significantly different from the above two equivalent radii based on the assumption of spherical aerosol clusters. Among them, the relationship between the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics and the optical equivalent radius based on the assumption of spherical aerosol cluster model is: (9); in is the optical equivalent radius of a spherical particle, is the optical equivalent radius of the fractal particle, is the fractal factor, see formula (5), is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster, which is obtained by formula (8).

[0026] 5. Simulation calculation based on mesoscale model: Formula (9) is used to form a physical parameterization scheme in the numerical model, which is coupled into the mesoscale atmospheric numerical model. The aerosol mass concentration of the mesoscale numerical simulation of a specific area is simulated, and the corresponding aerosol particle size distribution is obtained. The optical equivalent radius under its fractal characteristics is calculated by formula (9), and then the atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient and surface shortwave radiation, two standard output simulation results in common mesoscale models, are obtained.

[0027] 6. Calculate atmospheric visibility based on extinction coefficient simulation results: Based on the simulated extinction coefficient data results, use the atmospheric visibility calculation formula to analyze the spatial distribution and time series changes of atmospheric visibility. The calculation formula of the extinction coefficient in the atmospheric model is as follows: (10); in, is the atmospheric extinction coefficient, It is with The aerosol number concentration (number per unit volume) associated with each particle size interval, is the extinction efficiency, is the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol, is the size parameter. It is the number of intervals divided for the particle sizes of all aerosols in the atmosphere according to the optical characteristics of aerosols of different particle sizes in the atmospheric model.

[0028] Based on the aerosol atmospheric extinction coefficient calculated by the above simulation, the atmospheric visibility is calculated using the atmospheric visibility calculation formula: (11); in Atmospheric visibility is one of the key forecast results obtained by this technology. is a constant that varies with atmospheric conditions and is usually set to 3.912 in research. is the atmospheric extinction coefficient obtained in the previous step of the model, see formula (10).

[0029] 7. Calculate photovoltaic power based on surface shortwave radiation simulation results: Based on the simulated surface shortwave radiation data results, the photovoltaic power forecast results are obtained through the photovoltaic power calculation formula. First, the extinction coefficient Calculating Aerosol Optical Depth , aerosol optical depth yes The integral in the vertical direction is is the height of the top of the atmosphere, For each atmospheric layer height, the formula is: (12); Further calculation of surface shortwave radiation, the formula is: (13); in is the solar constant, which is generally 1361 W / m², is the solar zenith angle, is the surface albedo.

[0030] Based on formula (12) and formula (13), the photovoltaic power can be calculated as follows: (14); in is the photovoltaic power, It is the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, usually between 0.15 and 0.22, depending on the type and condition of the photovoltaic module. is the area of ​​the PV panel.

[0031] Through the above method, the present invention can accurately predict the changing characteristics of atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, which has important scientific significance and practical application value.

[0032] like Figure 5As shown, the time series of the observed atmospheric visibility at a certain station and the two sets of simulation values ​​are compared. It can be seen that the simulation results after adding the fractal aerosol cluster model contained in the present invention are closer to the observations.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, the time series of the observed value of the surface shortwave radiation flux at a certain station and the two sets of comparison simulation values ​​are compared. It can be seen that after adding the fractal aerosol cluster model contained in the present invention, the simulated ground solar shortwave radiation flux results are closer to the observations, especially for the period of low daytime peak radiation flux, the improvement effect of this technology is more obvious. Figure 6 The scattered points in the middle represent the observed values, and the dotted line represents the original model as the control group.

[0034] Embodiment 2: This embodiment provides an atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting device, comprising: Model building module, used to build aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics based on diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm; A first calculation module is used to calculate the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model using a box counting method; The second calculation module is used to calculate the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics according to the fractal dimension; The third calculation module couples the optical equivalent radius into the mesoscale air quality model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process; The forecast module is used to calculate the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results by taking into account the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process.

[0035] The specific functional implementation of each of the above modules can be found in the relevant contents of the method in Example 1 and will not be elaborated here.

[0036] Embodiment 3, this embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the methods described in Embodiment 1 are implemented.

[0037] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as methods, systems or computer program products. Therefore, the present disclosure may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0039] The present disclosure is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0040] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0041] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation methods of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the disclosed claims to be approved.

Claims

1. A method for forecasting atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power, characterized in that: include: Based on the diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm, an aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is constructed; The fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model was calculated using the box counting method; According to the fractal dimension, the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is calculated; The optical equivalent radius is coupled into the mesoscale air mass model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process. By considering the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process, the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results are calculated.

2. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics is constructed based on the diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm, including: a) Initialize the three-dimensional space and place the initial monomer particle at the center; b) Randomly release new particles around the initial monomer particles to make them perform Brownian motion; c) If the new particle moves to a position adjacent to an existing cluster, it adheres to form a complex; d) Repeat steps b)-c) until the number of cluster particles reaches a preset value, thereby generating an aerosol cluster model with a non-spherical fractal structure.

3. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box counting method is used to calculate the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model, including: The space where the aerosol cluster model is located is divided into grids with multiple different spatial measurements; In each partition, the number of grids occupied by the aerosol cluster model and the total number of grids are counted; The number of grids and the total number of grids under multiple different measurements are logarithmically fitted, and the slope obtained by fitting is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model.

4. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the fractal dimension is as follows: ； in is the number of grids covering the aerosol clusters, is the grid side length, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model obtained.

5. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics is calculated according to the fractal dimension, and the formula is as follows: ； in, is the optical equivalent radius of a spherical particle, is the optical equivalent radius of the fractal particle, is the fractal factor, is the monomer radius, is the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster; in, The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, is the ratio constant, is the number of monomer particles contained in the aerosol cluster; ； in, is the aerodynamic equivalent radius in the spherical cluster model, and the calculation formula is as follows: 。 6. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The optical equivalent radius is coupled into the mesoscale air quality model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process. The formula is as follows: ； in, is the atmospheric extinction coefficient, It is with The aerosol number concentration associated with each particle size interval is is the extinction efficiency, is the size parameter of the particle size, It is the number of intervals divided for the particle sizes of all aerosols in the atmosphere according to the optical characteristics of aerosols of different particle sizes in the atmospheric model.

7. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The atmospheric visibility is calculated by taking into account the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process, and the formula is as follows: ； in is the atmospheric visibility, is a constant that varies with atmospheric conditions.

8. The atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power calculation method comprises: Calculate the aerosol optical depth through the atmospheric extinction coefficient , the formula is as follows: ； In the formula, is the height of the top of the atmosphere, for each atmospheric layer height; Aerosol Optical Depth , calculate the surface shortwave radiation, the formula is as follows: ； in is the surface shortwave radiation, is the solar constant, is the solar zenith angle, is the surface albedo; is a natural constant; The photovoltaic power is calculated through the shortwave radiation on the ground. The formula is as follows: ； in is the photovoltaic power, is the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, is the area of ​​the PV panel.

9. An atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecasting device, characterized in that: include: Model building module, used to build aerosol cluster model with fractal geometry characteristics based on diffusion-limited agglomeration algorithm; A first calculation module is used to calculate the fractal dimension of the aerosol cluster model using a box counting method; The second calculation module is used to calculate the optical equivalent radius of the aerosol cluster model with fractal geometric characteristics according to the fractal dimension; The third calculation module couples the optical equivalent radius into the mesoscale air quality model to calculate the atmospheric extinction coefficient taking into account the aerosol process; The forecast module is used to calculate the atmospheric visibility and photovoltaic power forecast results by taking into account the atmospheric extinction coefficient of the aerosol process.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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