Blasting parameter optimization design method and system for tunnel surrounding rock smooth blasting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, in particular to a blasting parameter optimization design method and system for tunnel surrounding rock smooth blasting, and the method comprises the following steps: determining blasting parameters of tunnel surrounding rock smooth blasting; establishing a first mathematical model among the blast hole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness and the non-coupling coefficient, and a second mathematical model between the blast hole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time; constructing a parameter optimization design model to obtain optimal parameter values of the blast hole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blast hole diameter and the blast hole depth; the optimal parameter values of the blast hole spacing and the smooth blasting layer thickness are substituted into the first mathematical model, and the optimal non-coupling coefficient is calculated; and obtaining the optimal maximum allowable delay time according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal decoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model. According to the method, the blasting parameter design efficiency and accuracy of smooth blasting can be improved, the blasting parameter optimization efficiency can be improved, and the effect and safety of tunnel surrounding rock smooth blasting are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, and in particular to a blasting parameter optimization design method and system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel engineering is an important part of transportation construction, and smooth blasting, as an important construction technology for tunnel excavation, has many advantages, such as reducing disturbance to surrounding rock, maximizing the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock, facilitating the safety of subsequent construction processes, effectively controlling over-excavation and under-excavation, and saving initial support construction costs. However, in practical applications, the effect of smooth blasting is affected by many factors, including blasthole form and blasting parameters, charge structure, blasting network and intelligent control technology, among which the selection of blasting parameters has a direct impact on the blasting effect.

[0003] In the current tunnel smooth blasting, the blasting parameter design method is mainly based on empirical formulas and engineering analogy methods, lacking theoretical support and quantitative calculation. As a result, in practical applications, the blasting effect is often difficult to achieve the expected results, and even over-excavation or under-excavation may occur, increasing the construction cost and construction period. In response to the above problems, there are currently some methods such as numerical simulation and machine learning algorithms that use pre-set smooth blasting parameters to optimize the blasting effect. However, the pre-set smooth blasting parameter values ​​are often quite different from the optimal smooth blasting parameter values, and when using numerical simulation or machine learning algorithms to optimize the smooth blasting parameters, each new set of blasting parameters needs to be tested to verify the blasting effect under this set of blasting parameters, which greatly increases the calculation amount, time and cost of optimizing the smooth blasting parameters. However, if the initial design of the blasting parameters is accurate, this problem can be effectively alleviated.

[0004] Therefore, a more efficient and accurate smooth blasting parameter design scheme is needed to improve the accuracy of blasting parameter design, thereby improving the efficiency of blasting parameter optimization and ensuring the effect and safety of tunnel surrounding rock smooth blasting. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a blasting parameter optimization design method and system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, the method comprising the following steps: determining the blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, the blasting parameters including blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness, blasthole diameter, blasthole depth, uncoupling coefficient and delay time; establishing a first mathematical model between the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and establishing a second mathematical model between the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time; constructing a parameter optimization design model, and using the parameter optimization design model to obtain the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth; bringing the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing and the smooth blasting layer thickness into the first mathematical model, and then calculating the optimal uncoupling coefficient; obtaining the optimal delay time according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal uncoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model. The present invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of blasting parameter design for smooth blasting, and is conducive to improving the efficiency of blasting parameter optimization, and ensuring the effect and safety of smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock.

[0007] Optionally, the establishing of a first mathematical model between the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and the establishing of a second mathematical model between the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time comprises the following steps: constructing a first numerical model of the test blasting object using numerical simulation software; Adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the decoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a first data set; adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a second data set; The first mathematical model is obtained according to the first data set, and the second mathematical model is obtained according to the second data set.

[0008] Optionally, the adjusting the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and then constructing the first data set comprises the following steps: adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object; Setting a plurality of stress observation points between two adjacent blast holes on the test blasting object, and calculating a first average stress of all the stress observation points; If the first average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient are recorded as a set of first available data; The first data set is constructed using a plurality of sets of the first available data.

[0009] Optionally, the adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and then constructing the second data set comprises the following steps: adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and calculating the second average stress of the stress observation point; If the second average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing and maximum allowable delay time are recorded as a set of second available data; The second data set is constructed using a plurality of sets of the second available data.

[0010] Optionally, the first mathematical model satisfies the following relationship: in, is the blasthole spacing, , , , and is the first set of fitting coefficients, is the thickness of the light explosion layer, is the decoupling coefficient.

[0011] Optionally, the second mathematical model satisfies the following relationship: in, is the blasthole spacing, A, B and C are the second set of fitting coefficients, T is the maximum allowable delay time, and n is the number of blastholes.

[0012] Optionally, constructing a parameter optimization design model and using the parameter optimization design model to obtain optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth comprises the following steps: Collect geological condition data, blasting operation parameter data, the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth of historical successful blasting cases, and then construct a model training and verification set; Taking the geological condition data and the blasting operation parameter data as input, using the model training verification set and BP neural network to construct a parameter optimization design model; The geological condition data of the blasting target and the blasting operation parameter data are input into the parameter optimization design model to obtain the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining the optimal delay time according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal decoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model comprises the following steps: According to the optimal parameter value and the optimal uncoupling coefficient, a blasting delay setting scheme is adopted to determine a first blasting delay preset optimal value; Bringing the optimal parameter value of the blasthole spacing into the second mathematical model, calculating the maximum allowable delay time and using it as the second blasting delay preset optimal value; If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is not less than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the second blasting delay preset optimal value is used as the optimal delay time; If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is smaller than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the average value of the two is taken as the optimal delay time.

[0014] Optionally, the step of determining the first blasting delay preset optimal value by adopting a blasting delay setting scheme according to the optimal parameter value and the optimal uncoupling coefficient comprises the following steps: Using numerical simulation software to construct a second numerical model of the blasting target, the second numerical model includes a plurality of blast holes and a vibration monitoring point set according to the optimal parameter values; Performing a single-hole blasting numerical simulation test on any blasthole on the second numerical model, and monitoring the vibration waveform of the test at the vibration monitoring point; Fitting the vibration waveform to obtain a fitting function, and using wavelet transform to intercept the single-hole blasting vibration waveform on the fitting function, thereby determining the blasting action duration; A plurality of blasting delay times are set within the blasting action duration, and for any of the blasting delay times, a multi-hole vibration superposition waveform within the blasting action duration is obtained according to the single-hole blasting vibration waveform; The maximum vibration speed under the corresponding blasting delay time is determined according to the multi-hole vibration superposition waveform, and the blasting delay time corresponding to the maximum vibration speed with the smallest value is used as the first blasting delay preset optimal value.

[0015] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides a blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, the blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock comprising: a data acquisition device, a data output device, a processor and a storage device, the storage device comprising a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program comprising program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the processor implements a blasting parameter optimization design method for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock provided by the present invention.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This method first designs the blasthole spacing, light blast layer thickness, blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth by constructing a parameter optimization design model, and then constructs a first mathematical model and a second mathematical model based on the numerical simulation results. Then, the uncoupling coefficient and the delay time are optimized in combination with the design results of the parameter optimization design model, so that the various blasting parameters are adapted to each other, reducing the calculation, time consumption and cost of designing the blasting parameters, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of designing the blasting parameters.

[0017] 2. Since the blasting parameters optimized by the present method have high accuracy, it provides a good start for further optimization of the blasting parameters. Using the blasting parameters optimized by the present invention as the initial blasting parameters is conducive to reducing the number of blasting tests required for further optimization of the blasting parameters, thereby improving the efficiency of blasting parameter optimization and ensuring the effect and safety of smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock.

[0018] 3. The system provided by the present invention not only has the advantages of the method provided by the present invention, but also can improve the design efficiency of blasting parameters and the practicality of the method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of surrounding rock in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of a blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details do not need to be adopted to implement the present invention. In other examples, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, known circuits, software or methods are not specifically described.

[0022] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or subcombination. In addition, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0023] It should be noted in advance that, in an optional embodiment, except for independent explanations, the same symbols or letters appearing in all formulas have the same meanings and values.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of surrounding rock in a tunnel, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Determine blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, wherein the blasting parameters include blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness, blasthole diameter, blasthole depth, uncoupling coefficient and delay time.

[0025] Specifically, in this embodiment, the uncoupling coefficient refers to the ratio of the diameter of the blasthole to the diameter of the explosive package, and the delay time refers to the blasting time interval between two adjacent blastholes in the same row of blastholes.

[0026] S2, establishing a first mathematical model between the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and simultaneously establishing a second mathematical model between the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time.

[0027] Wherein, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Use numerical simulation software to construct a first numerical model of the test blasting object.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, a test blasting object, that is, a blasting surface for blasting test, is built. When the first numerical model is constructed using numerical simulation software, its various parameters can be set with reference to the blasting target or other blasting surfaces.

[0029] More specifically, the numerical simulation software described in this embodiment is ANSYS / LS-DYNA, and a row of blast holes is set on the first numerical model, with a total of 4 blast holes. In addition, the blasting target refers to the surrounding rock to be blasted in the tunnel.

[0030] S22, adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the decoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a first data set.

[0031] Wherein, step S22 specifically includes the following steps: S221, adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light blasting layer thickness and the decoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, keeping other conditions unchanged, any one of the blasthole spacing, light blast layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient is randomly adjusted, and after each adjustment, a blasting numerical simulation is performed using the first numerical model, and a corresponding set of blasthole spacing, light blast layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient is recorded. In addition, in this step, in order to obtain a more accurate and reliable first mathematical model, a sufficient number of blasting numerical simulations should be performed.

[0033] S222, setting a plurality of stress observation points between two adjacent blast holes on the test blasting object, and calculating a first average stress of all the stress observation points.

[0034] Specifically, in this embodiment, the distance between the stress observation point and its two adjacent blast holes on both sides is the same, and the sum of the distances between the stress observation point and its two adjacent blast holes on both sides is equal to the distance between the two blast holes, and three stress observation points are set between the two adjacent blast holes.

[0035] More specifically, since there are a row of 4 blastholes in the first numerical model, 9 stress observation points need to be set, and the stress changes at these nine stress observation points can also be obtained in real time during the numerical simulation. The first average stress is the average value of the maximum stress values ​​at these stress observation points.

[0036] S223. If the first average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient are recorded as a set of first available data.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, if a certain first average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, it is considered that effective blasting of the test blasting object can be achieved under the corresponding blasthole spacing, light blasting layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient, and then this set of blasthole spacing, light blasting layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient is recorded as a set of first available data.

[0038] S224. Use multiple sets of the first available data to construct the first data set.

[0039] S23, adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a second data set.

[0040] Wherein, step S23 specifically includes the following steps: S231, adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and calculating the second average stress of the stress observation point.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the maximum allowable delay time refers to the maximum delay time that can meet the blasting requirements. If the delay time exceeds the maximum allowable delay time, it is considered that a good blasting effect cannot be achieved. The specific implementation plan of this step can refer to step S221 and step S222, which will not be described in detail here.

[0042] S232. If the second average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing and maximum allowable delay time are recorded as a set of second available data.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, if a second average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, it is considered that effective blasting of the test blasting object can be achieved under the corresponding blasthole spacing and maximum allowable delay time, and this set of blasthole spacing and maximum allowable delay time is recorded as a set of second available data.

[0044] S233. Use multiple sets of the second available data to construct the second data set.

[0045] S24. Acquire the first mathematical model according to the first data set, and acquire the second mathematical model according to the second data set.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient are respectively used as the x-axis coordinate, the y-axis coordinate and the z-axis coordinate in the spatial rectangular coordinate system, and then the data in the first data set are marked in the spatial rectangular coordinate system, and the Origin software is used for fitting to obtain the first mathematical model. Similarly, the blasthole spacing is used as the horizontal coordinate, the maximum allowable delay time is used as the vertical coordinate, the data in the second data set are marked in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and the second mathematical model can be obtained through fitting.

[0047] More specifically, the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model satisfy the following relationship respectively: in, is the blast hole spacing, , , , and is the first set of fitting coefficients, is the thickness of the light explosion layer, is the uncoupling coefficient, A, B and C are the second set of fitting coefficients, T is the maximum allowable delay time, and n is the number of blast holes. , , , and The values ​​of are -807.43, 5.19, 185.22 and 0.003 respectively, and the values ​​of A, B and C are 1788.69, 966.24 and 155.65 respectively.

[0048] This embodiment can improve the efficiency of blasting parameter optimization design by constructing the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model. The first mathematical model and the second mathematical model are obtained based on numerical simulation, and one of the advantages of numerical simulation is that it has high accuracy. Therefore, the use of the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model for blasting parameter optimization design also has high accuracy.

[0049] S3. Construct a parameter optimization design model, and use the parameter optimization design model to obtain optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness, the blasthole diameter, and the blasthole depth.

[0050] The blast hole spacing, smooth blast layer thickness, blast hole diameter and the blast hole depth are the basic parameters in smooth blasting. Compared with the uncoupling coefficient and delay time, they directly affect the blasting effect and cost, and there is a certain degree of dependence and independence between these parameters, which can be effectively predicted by machine learning algorithms. The uncoupling coefficient and delay time are more dependent on these basic parameters and specific blasting conditions and requirements. Therefore, in order to reduce the model complexity and improve the design efficiency on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the blasting parameter design, this embodiment only uses the parameter optimization design model to design the blast hole spacing, smooth blast layer thickness, blast hole diameter and the blast hole depth. Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31, collecting geological condition data, blasting operation parameter data, the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth of historical successful blasting cases, and then constructing a model training verification set.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, geological condition data, blasting operation parameter data, blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness, blasthole diameter and blasthole depth of historical successful blasting cases are queried and collected on the Internet, magazines and journals to construct a model training verification set.

[0052] More specifically, the geological condition data specifically include rock compressive strength, rock tensile strength and blasting surface area, and the blasting operation parameter data specifically include explosive type, explosive dosage and charge structure. In other optional embodiments, the geological condition data and blasting operation parameter data may also include other types of data, but the types should not be too many to avoid dimensional disaster when constructing the parameter optimization design model, and also help reduce feature redundancy and model complexity.

[0053] S32: Taking the geological condition data and the blasting operation parameter data as input, using the model training verification set and the BP neural network to construct a parameter optimization design model.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the geological condition data and blasting operation parameter data are firstly input, and the blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness, blasthole diameter and blasthole depth are output, and the BP neural network is used to build the parameter optimization initial model. Then, the model training and verification set is divided into a training set and a verification set in a ratio of 8:2 to complete the training and verification of the parameter optimization initial model, and finally obtain the parameter optimization design model.

[0055] S33, inputting the geological condition data of the blasting target and the blasting operation parameter data into the parameter optimization design model to obtain the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth.

[0056] S4. Bring the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing and the thickness of the light explosion layer into the first mathematical model, and then calculate the optimal uncoupling coefficient.

[0057] Specifically, in this embodiment, the optimal uncoupling coefficient is calculated using the first mathematical model based on the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing and the thickness of the light blasting layer, so that the various blasting parameters are adapted to each other, reducing the calculation, time and cost of designing the blasting parameters, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of designing the blasting parameters.

[0058] S5. Obtain an optimal delay time according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal decoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model.

[0059] In this embodiment, the blast hole spacing, light explosion layer thickness, blast hole diameter, blast hole depth and uncoupling coefficient are first designed, and then the optimal delay time is obtained in combination with the second mathematical model, so that the various blasting parameters are mutually adapted, reducing the calculation, time consumption and cost of designing the blasting parameters, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of designing the blasting parameters. Step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. According to the optimal parameter value and the optimal uncoupling coefficient, a blasting delay setting scheme is adopted to determine a first blasting delay preset optimal value.

[0060] Wherein, step S51 specifically includes the following steps: S511. Use numerical simulation software to construct a second numerical model of the blasting target, wherein the second numerical model includes a plurality of blast holes set according to the optimal parameter values ​​and a vibration monitoring point.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, according to the parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth blast layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth obtained in step S33, multiple rows of blastholes are set on the second numerical model, and a vibration monitoring point is set on the ground where the blasting target is located. When setting the blastholes, the number of blastholes can be set according to the blasthole spacing and the blasting surface area.

[0062] More specifically, the blast holes are numbered from left to right. When numbering, for two adjacent blast holes, the last blast hole in the previous row and the first blast hole in the next row are considered as adjacent blast holes. Assuming there are two rows of blast holes, each row has three blast holes, then the blast holes in the first row are numbered 1, 2, and 3, and the blast holes in the second row are numbered 4, 5, and 6, respectively.

[0063] S512, performing a single-hole blasting numerical simulation test on any blasthole on the second numerical model, and monitoring the vibration waveform of the test at the vibration monitoring point.

[0064] S513, fitting the vibration waveform to obtain a fitting function, and using wavelet transform to intercept the single-hole blasting vibration waveform on the fitting function, thereby determining the blasting action duration.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, the vibration waveform obtained in step S512 is fitted based on the Fourier series, and the obtained fitting function satisfies the following relationship: in, is the fitting function, n is the series, is the fundamental frequency, t is the time, and is the fitting coefficient of the i-th series, and D is also the fitting coefficient.

[0066] More specifically, when performing numerical simulation of blasting, the vibration waveform of the vibration monitoring point often contains some waveforms caused by non-blasting factors, such as numerical model initialization and boundary condition setting. Therefore, the vibration waveform obtained in step S512 cannot be directly used as a valid vibration waveform. In order to obtain the vibration waveform that is truly completely generated by blasting, this embodiment uses wavelet transform to obtain The time-frequency characteristic curve is obtained, and the start time and the end time of the blasting vibration are determined according to the rising edge and the falling edge of the time-frequency characteristic curve, so as to determine the duration of the blasting action. The wavelet used in this embodiment is specifically the Symlet wavelet, and in other optional embodiments, other wavelets can also be used.

[0067] S514, setting a plurality of blasting delay times within the blasting action duration, and for any of the blasting delay times, obtaining a multi-hole vibration superposition waveform within the blasting action duration according to the single-hole blasting vibration waveform.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the blasting delay time sequence is set ,in , , , , is the jth blasting delay time in the blasting delay time series, is the j+1th blasting delay time in the blasting delay time sequence, and M is the number of blasting delay times set in the blasting delay time sequence.

[0069] Furthermore, for any blasting delay time in the blasting delay time sequence, multiple single-hole blasting vibration waveforms are superimposed within one blasting action duration, and the obtained multi-hole vibration superposition waveform satisfies the following relationship: in, is the vibration velocity; K is the number of single-hole blasting vibration waveforms participating in superposition within a blasting action duration. Considering the blasting delay time, K single-hole blasting vibration waveforms participating in superposition means that the 1st to Kth blastholes participate in blasting; is an algebraic expression; is the distance between the blasthole corresponding to the k-th multi-hole vibration superposition waveform and the vibration monitoring point, is the distance between the blasthole corresponding to the first multi-hole vibration superposition waveform and the vibration monitoring point, is the propagation speed of vibration waves in the surrounding rock.

[0070] S515. Determine the maximum vibration velocity under the corresponding blasting delay time according to the multi-hole vibration superposition waveform, and use the blasting delay time corresponding to the maximum vibration velocity with the smallest value as the first blasting delay preset optimal value.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, one blasting delay time corresponds to a multi-porous vibration superposition waveform, and there is a maximum vibration speed in each multi-porous vibration superposition waveform, that is, one blasting delay time corresponds to a maximum vibration speed. In this embodiment, the blasting delay time corresponding to the maximum vibration speed with the smallest value is used as the preset optimal value of the first blasting delay.

[0072] S52, bringing the optimal parameter value of the blasthole spacing into the second mathematical model, calculating the maximum allowable delay time and using it as the second blasting delay preset optimal value.

[0073] S53: If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is not less than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the second blasting delay preset optimal value is used as the optimal delay time.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, a delay time that is too long will lead to a decrease in rock crushing effect, thereby increasing the risk of over-excavation and under-excavation, and a delay time that is too short will lead to insufficient rock crushing and increased vibration and noise. Therefore, if the first blasting delay preset optimal value is not less than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, it is considered that the blasting requirements cannot be met under the first blasting delay preset optimal value, and the second blasting delay preset optimal value is directly used as the optimal delay time.

[0075] S54: If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is smaller than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the average value of the two is used as the optimal delay time.

[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, if the first blasting delay preset optimal value is smaller than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, it is considered that the blasting requirements can be met under the first blasting delay preset optimal value. However, in order to avoid insufficient rock crushing and increased vibration and noise caused by too short a delay time, this embodiment takes the average of the first blasting delay preset optimal value and the second blasting delay preset optimal value as the optimal delay time.

[0077] It should be noted that, in some cases, the actions described in the specification can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired results. In this embodiment, the order of steps given is only to make the embodiment appear clearer and easier to explain, rather than to limit it.

[0078] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 2 In order to improve the design efficiency of blasting parameters and the practicality of the method provided in this embodiment, the present invention also provides a blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock. The blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock comprises: a data acquisition device 1, a data output device 2, a processor 3 and a storage 4. The storage 4 comprises a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium. The computer program comprises program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by the processor 3, the processor 3 implements the contents of steps S1 to S5.

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, the data acquisition device 1 can be used to input data in the model training verification set as well as the geological condition data of the blasting target and the blasting operation parameter data, and the data output device 2 is used to output the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the thickness of the light blasting layer, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth, as well as the optimal uncoupling coefficient and the optimal delay time.

[0080] In summary, the method first designs the blasthole spacing, smooth blast layer thickness, blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth by constructing a parameter optimization design model, and then constructs a first mathematical model and a second mathematical model based on the numerical simulation results, and then optimizes the uncoupling coefficient and the delay time in combination with the design results of the parameter optimization design model, so that each blasting parameter is adapted to each other, reducing the calculation, time consumption and cost of designing the blasting parameters, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of designing the blasting parameters. Since the blasting parameters optimized by the method have high accuracy, it provides a good start for further optimization of the blasting parameters. Using the blasting parameters optimized by the present invention as the initial blasting parameters is conducive to reducing the number of blasting tests required for further optimization of the blasting parameters, thereby improving the optimization efficiency of the blasting parameters and ensuring the effect and safety of smooth blasting of the tunnel surrounding rock. In addition, the system provided by the present invention not only has the advantages of the method provided by the present invention, but also can improve the design efficiency of the blasting parameters and the practicality of the method.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that: The steps include: Determine blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, wherein the blasting parameters include blast hole spacing, smooth blast layer thickness, blast hole diameter, blast hole depth, uncoupling coefficient and delay time; Establishing a first mathematical model between the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and establishing a second mathematical model between the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time; Constructing a parameter optimization design model, and using the parameter optimization design model to obtain optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness, the blasthole diameter, and the blasthole depth; Bringing the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing and the thickness of the light explosion layer into the first mathematical model, and then calculating the optimal uncoupling coefficient; An optimal delay time is obtained according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal decoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model.

2. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of surrounding rock in a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of establishing a first mathematical model between the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and simultaneously establishing a second mathematical model between the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time comprises the following steps: constructing a first numerical model of the test blasting object using numerical simulation software; Adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a first data set; adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, thereby constructing a second data set; The first mathematical model is obtained according to the first data set, and the second mathematical model is obtained according to the second data set.

3. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of surrounding rock in a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and then constructing a first data set comprises the following steps: adjusting the blasthole spacing, the light explosion layer thickness and the uncoupling coefficient, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object; Setting a plurality of stress observation points between two adjacent blast holes on the test blasting object, and calculating a first average stress of all the stress observation points; If the first average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing, smooth blasting layer thickness and uncoupling coefficient are recorded as a set of first available data; The first data set is constructed using a plurality of sets of the first available data.

4. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, and performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and then constructing a second data set comprises the following steps: adjusting the blasthole spacing and the maximum allowable delay time, performing blasting numerical simulation on the test blasting object, and calculating the second average stress of the stress observation point; If the second average stress is greater than the dynamic tensile strength of the test blasting object, the corresponding blasthole spacing and maximum allowable delay time are recorded as a set of second available data; The second data set is constructed using a plurality of sets of the second available data.

5. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first mathematical model satisfies the following relationship: in, is the blasthole spacing, , , , and is the first set of fitting coefficients, is the thickness of the light explosion layer, is the decoupling coefficient.

6. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second mathematical model satisfies the following relationship: in, is the blasthole spacing, A, B and C are the second set of fitting coefficients, T is the maximum allowable delay time, and n is the number of blastholes.

7. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of constructing a parameter optimization design model and using the parameter optimization design model to obtain the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth explosion layer thickness, the blasthole diameter, and the blasthole depth comprises the following steps: Collect geological condition data, blasting operation parameter data, the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth of historical successful blasting cases, and then construct a model training and verification set; Taking the geological condition data and the blasting operation parameter data as input, using the model training verification set and BP neural network to construct a parameter optimization design model; The geological condition data of the blasting target and the blasting operation parameter data are input into the parameter optimization design model to obtain the optimal parameter values ​​of the blasthole spacing, the smooth blasting layer thickness, the blasthole diameter and the blasthole depth.

8. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the optimal delay time according to the optimal parameter value, the optimal decoupling coefficient and the second mathematical model comprises the following steps: According to the optimal parameter value and the optimal uncoupling coefficient, a blasting delay setting scheme is adopted to determine a first blasting delay preset optimal value; Bringing the optimal parameter value of the blasthole spacing into the second mathematical model, calculating the maximum allowable delay time and using it as the second blasting delay preset optimal value; If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is not less than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the second blasting delay preset optimal value is used as the optimal delay time; If the first blasting delay preset optimal value is smaller than the second blasting delay preset optimal value, the average value of the two is taken as the optimal delay time.

9. The method for optimizing the design of blasting parameters for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method of determining the first blasting delay preset optimal value according to the optimal parameter value and the optimal uncoupling coefficient by using the blasting delay setting scheme comprises the following steps: Using numerical simulation software to construct a second numerical model of the blasting target, the second numerical model includes a plurality of blast holes and a vibration monitoring point set according to the optimal parameter values; Performing a single-hole blasting numerical simulation test on any blasthole on the second numerical model, and monitoring the vibration waveform of the test at the vibration monitoring point; Fitting the vibration waveform to obtain a fitting function, and using wavelet transform to intercept the single-hole blasting vibration waveform on the fitting function, thereby determining the blasting action duration; A plurality of blasting delay times are set within the blasting action duration, and for any of the blasting delay times, a multi-hole vibration superposition waveform within the blasting action duration is obtained according to the single-hole blasting vibration waveform; The maximum vibration speed under the corresponding blasting delay time is determined according to the multi-hole vibration superposition waveform, and the blasting delay time corresponding to the maximum vibration speed with the smallest value is used as the first blasting delay preset optimal value.

10. A blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that: The blasting parameter optimization design system for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock comprises: a data acquisition device, a data output device, a processor and a storage device, wherein the storage device comprises a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and wherein the computer program comprises program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the processor implements the blasting parameter optimization design method for smooth blasting of tunnel surrounding rock as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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