Physical model and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a physical model and a preparation method thereof. The model is prepared from a reservoir prepared from a reservoir simulation material and a thin interlayer material, and the thin interlayer material is embedded in the reservoir. The simulation reservoir is prepared by using epoxy resin and silicone rubber, and the thin interlayer material is embedded in the reservoir, so that a physical model similar to the stratum is obtained and is used for thin interlayer seismic response research on continental facies shale development thin interlayers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and more particularly to a physical model and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vertical heterogeneity is common in most continental deposits, but previous studies have focused more on the heterogeneity characteristics at the reservoir scale. With the continuous breakthroughs in the exploration and development of continental shale, it has been found that its widely developed thin interlayers are the key factor in the generation of vertical heterogeneity. The widespread development of thin interlayers is of great significance for the prediction of geological sweet spots and engineering sweet spots, because continental shale with a certain degree of thin interlayers is the main favorable lithofacies, but from an engineering perspective, shale sections rich in thin interlayers will produce a stress blocking effect, resulting in difficulties in the initiation and extension of cracks during hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, research on the seismic response characteristics caused by thin interlayers is of great significance for the prediction of continental shale sweet spots.

[0003] Earthquake physical simulation is a method of scaling down field geological structures and geological bodies in the laboratory to make geological models, and using ultrasound and other methods to simulate seismic waves to perform forward simulation of field seismic exploration. In the 1950s, with the development of ultrasonic technology, earthquake simulation experimental systems began to be established. The United States and the Soviet Union successfully conducted earthquake experiments using ultrasonic technology, and then my country gradually established its own earthquake simulation laboratories. With the continuous deepening of oil and gas exploration and development, the exploration objects and development environments are becoming more and more complex, the exploration difficulty is increasing, and the requirements for the refinement of exploration results are becoming higher and higher, which means that there are also higher requirements for the physical model preparation process.

[0004] Continental shale has thin interlayers, and the main body of the simulation material includes two parts: shale reservoir and thin interlayer. Compared with the thin interlayer, the shale reservoir has a low density and low velocity, so the simulation material of the reservoir needs to meet the requirements of low wave impedance and good sound wave penetration. The density and velocity of the thin interlayer are greater than the reservoir, so the requirement for the thin interlayer simulation material is that the greater the wave impedance, the better. When the currently developed reservoir material and copper foil are jointly prepared into a model, the values ​​of the relevant elastic parameters of the model are quite different from the actual formation, which will greatly reduce the similarity between the model and the actual formation, thereby reducing the accuracy of the research results. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a physical model and a preparation method thereof. The present invention uses epoxy resin and silicone rubber to prepare a simulated reservoir, and embeds a thin interlayer material in the reservoir to obtain a physical model similar to the formation, which is used to study the seismic response of thin interlayers in continental shale.

[0006] Firstly, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a physical model.

[0007] Specifically, the physical model is made of a reservoir made of a reservoir simulation material and a thin interlayer material, wherein the thin interlayer material is embedded in the reservoir.

[0008] Furthermore, the reservoir simulation material comprises the following components, each of which is calculated by weight:

[0009] 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin;

[0010] 5 to 150 parts by weight of silicone rubber.

[0011] Preferably, the components are calculated by weight:

[0012] 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin;

[0013] 30-90 parts by weight of silicone rubber.

[0014] Preferably, the epoxy resin is bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin, the epoxy equivalent of bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin is 184-195 g / mol; the viscosity is 10000-16000 mPas (25°C); the silicone rubber is 107 silicone rubber, and the viscosity of 107 rubber is 500-1000 mPas (25°C); the thin interlayer material is one of polyimide and plexiglass.

[0015] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the reservoir simulation material also include an epoxy curing agent, wherein the amount of the epoxy curing agent is 40 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin.

[0016] Preferably, the epoxy curing agent is one of R-2269 curing agent and R-2216 curing agent; R-2269 curing agent and R-2216 curing agent can be commercially available products.

[0017] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the reservoir simulation material also include a silicone rubber curing agent, wherein the amount of the silicone rubber curing agent is 3 to 7 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the silicone rubber. The silicone rubber curing agent is a curing agent used in conjunction with silicone rubber and is a commercially available product.

[0018] Secondly, the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the physical model of one of the objects of the present invention.

[0019] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Mix epoxy resin, silicone rubber, epoxy curing agent and silicone rubber curing agent, stir evenly, remove bubbles in the fluid, and obtain a reservoir simulation material;

[0021] Step 2: pouring a first layer of reservoir simulation material into the mold, pouring a second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, embedding a thin sandwich material on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pouring a third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the thin sandwich material after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies;

[0022] Step 3: After the physical model material is completely solidified, the mold is removed to obtain the physical model.

[0023] More specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: After the mold is made, a layer of release coating is applied inside the mold. After the coating is cured, the mold is placed in a dry and ventilated place for standby use; epoxy resin, silicone rubber, epoxy curing agent, and silicone rubber curing agent are mixed and stirred evenly to remove bubbles in the fluid to obtain a reservoir simulation material;

[0025] Step 2: pouring a first layer of reservoir simulation material into the mold, and pouring a second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies; embedding a thin interlayer material on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pouring a third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the thin interlayer material after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies;

[0026] Step 3: After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, the mold is removed to obtain a physical model.

[0027] Preferably, in step 1, the epoxy resin needs to be preheated at 40-50° C. for less than 1 hour. The preheated epoxy resin has better fluidity.

[0028] Preferably, in step 2, the thickness of the thin interlayer material is 0.01-0.2 mm, preferably 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0029] Preferably, in step 2, the pouring thickness of the first layer of reservoir simulation material is 20-30 mm.

[0030] Preferably, in step 2, the pouring thickness of the second layer of reservoir simulation material is 1-2 mm.

[0031] Preferably, in step 2, the pouring thickness of the third layer of reservoir simulation material is 20-30 mm.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention uses epoxy resin and silicone rubber to simulate reservoirs, and embeds thin film materials therein to simulate thin interlayers. The wave impedance ratio of the obtained model material thin interlayer to the reservoir is similar to that of the actual formation, and the combination of the simulated material and the thin interlayer increases the reflection amplitude of the thin interlayer, which is more conducive to the study of seismic response.

[0034] 2. The thin interlayer material used in the present invention has good sound wave penetration and excellent flexibility. It is not easy to produce wrinkles and deformation through layered casting. In addition, polyimide and plexiglass materials as thin interlayer materials are transparent. Bubbles attached to the lower surface of the film can be identified during the experiment and removed in time, which is more conducive to the study of the seismic response of thin interlayers developed in continental shale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the contents of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials are all from commercially available products, among which:

[0037] Bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, brand E51, was purchased from Nantong Xingchen Synthetic Materials Co., Ltd.;

[0038] The epoxy resin curing agent was R-2269, purchased from Rich Chemical (Hubei) Co., Ltd.;

[0039] Silicone rubber brand 107 was purchased from Shandong Bogang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0040] Silicone rubber curing agent, purchased from Shandong Bogang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0041] Silicone rubber grade 106 was purchased from Shandong Bogang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0044] 100 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas) and 3 parts of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly for simulating shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture, thereby obtaining a storage simulation material.

[0045] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread polyimide on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the polyimide after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the polyimide is embedded in the reservoir.

[0046] The polyimide needs to be pre-cut into sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0047] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0048] Comparative Example 2

[0049] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0050] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0051] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin and 50 parts by weight of R-2269 curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate a shale reservoir. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture, thereby obtaining a storage simulation material.

[0052] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread polyimide on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the polyimide after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the polyimide is embedded in the reservoir.

[0053] The polyimide needs to be pre-cut into sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0054] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0057] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0058] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0059] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread a copper sheet on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the copper sheet after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the copper sheet is embedded in the reservoir.

[0060] The copper sheet needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0061] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0062] Comparative Example 4

[0063] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0064] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0065] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0066] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread a zinc sheet on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the zinc sheet after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the zinc sheet is embedded in the reservoir.

[0067] The zinc sheet needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0068] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0069] Comparative Example 5

[0070] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0071] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0072] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0073] Step 2: Pour 20mm of the first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour 1mm of the second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread tin sheet on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour 20mm of the third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the tin sheet after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the tin sheet is embedded in the reservoir.

[0074] The tin sheet needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0075] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0076] Comparative Example 6

[0077] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0078] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0079] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 15 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0080] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread an aluminum sheet on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the aluminum sheet after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the aluminum sheet is embedded in the reservoir.

[0081] The aluminum sheet needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0082] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0085] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0086] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 30 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 40 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 0.9 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0087] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread polyimide on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the polyimide after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the polyimide is embedded in the reservoir.

[0088] The polyimide needs to be pre-cut into sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0089] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0092] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0093] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0094] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread polyimide on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the polyimide after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the polyimide is embedded in the reservoir.

[0095] The polyimide needs to be pre-cut into sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0096] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0099] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0100] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 90 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 60 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 2.7 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate a shale reservoir. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0101] Step 2: Pour a 20mm first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour a 1mm second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread polyimide on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour a 20mm third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the polyimide after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the polyimide is embedded in the reservoir.

[0102] The polyimide needs to be pre-cut into sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0103] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0106] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0107] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 30 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 45 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 0.9 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate a shale reservoir. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0108] Step 2: Pour 30mm of the first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour 2mm of the second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread organic glass on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour 30mm of the third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of organic glass after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the organic glass is embedded in the reservoir.

[0109] Among them, the plexiglass needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.2mm.

[0110] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0113] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0114] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 60 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 50 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 1.8 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate shale reservoirs. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0115] Step 2: Pour 30mm of the first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour 2mm of the second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread organic glass on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour 30mm of the third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of organic glass after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the organic glass is embedded in the reservoir.

[0116] Among them, the plexiglass needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.2mm.

[0117] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0118] Example 6

[0119] Step 1: Prepare a 20*60cm square mold with wood material. After making it, apply a layer of room temperature vulcanized 106 silicone rubber material on the inner surface of the mold as a release coating. After the coating is cured, place the treated mold in a dry and ventilated place for standby use.

[0120] First, preheat bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent of 184-195 g / mol; viscosity of 10000-16000 mPas) in a 50° C. oven for 1 hour and set aside.

[0121] 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin, 90 parts by weight of 107 silicone rubber (viscosity 750 mPas), 55 parts by weight of epoxy resin curing agent, and 2.7 parts by weight of silicone rubber curing agent were mixed and stirred evenly to simulate a shale reservoir. The reservoir mixture was placed under a vacuum condition of -99 kPa for 10 minutes to remove bubbles in the reservoir mixture to obtain a storage simulation material.

[0122] Step 2: Pour 30mm of the first layer of storage simulation material into the mold, and pour 2mm of the second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of storage simulation material solidifies. Spread organic glass on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pour 30mm of the third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of organic glass after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, so that the organic glass is embedded in the reservoir.

[0123] Among them, the plexiglass needs to be pre-cut into thin sheets with a side length of 40*50mm and pressed flat with a thickness of 0.2mm.

[0124] Step 3: Place the model on a flat surface to wait for solidification. After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, remove the mold to obtain a physical model.

[0125] The models made in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were tested, wherein the data of the wave impedance ratio between the thin interlayer and the reservoir are shown in Table 1.

[0126] Table 1:

[0127]

[0128] In actual formations, the wave impedance ratio of limestone interlayers to shale reservoirs is approximately 1.3 to 1.8. The closer the wave impedance ratio of the physical model material of the thin interlayer and the reservoir is to this range, the higher the similarity between the model material and the actual formation, and the more accurate the simulation result.

[0129] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the wave impedance ratios of the physical models made in Examples 1 to 6 are all within this range, while the wave impedance ratios of the physical models made in Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are either too high or too low, which are quite different from the actual formations.

[0130] The models made in Examples 2-3, Examples 5-6 and Comparative Example 2 were tested, and the amplitude data of the thin interlayers are shown in Table 2.

[0131] Table 2

[0132] Serial number Reservoir Thin interlayer amplitude Comparative Example 2 Silicone rubber mass: epoxy mass = 0:1 Polyimide 13 Example 2 Silicone rubber mass: epoxy mass = 0.6:1 Polyimide 85 Example 3 Silicone rubber mass: epoxy mass = 0.9:1 Polyimide 97 Example 5 Rubber rubber mass: epoxy mass = 0.6:1 Plexiglas 69 Example 6 Silicone rubber mass: epoxy mass = 0.9:1 Plexiglas 83

[0133] As can be seen from Table 2, in Comparative Example 2, silicone rubber was not added, and the emission amplitude of the thin interlayer in the model was small; in Examples 2 to 3 and Examples 5 to 6, silicone rubber was added, and the reflection amplitude of the thin interlayer in the model was large. It can be seen that the combination of epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polyimide and plexiglass can increase the reflection amplitude of the thin interlayer, which is beneficial to seismic response.

[0134] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical model, characterized in that: The model is made of a reservoir made of a reservoir simulation material and a thin interlayer material, wherein the thin interlayer material is embedded in the reservoir.

2. The physical model according to claim 1, characterized in that The reservoir simulation material is prepared from raw materials including the following components, each component being calculated by weight: 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin; 5 to 150 parts by weight of silicone rubber.

3. The physical model according to claim 2, characterized in that The components are calculated by weight: 100 parts by weight of epoxy resin; 30-90 parts by weight of silicone rubber.

4. The physical model according to claim 2, characterized in that The epoxy resin is a bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin; The viscosity of the silicone rubber is 500-1000 mPas.

5. The physical model according to claim 2, characterized in that The raw materials also include an epoxy curing agent, and the amount of the epoxy curing agent is 40 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin; Preferably, the epoxy curing agent is one of R-2269 curing agent and R-2216 curing agent.

6. The physical model according to claim 2, characterized in that The raw materials also include a silicone rubber curing agent. Based on 100 parts by weight of the silicone rubber, the amount of the silicone rubber curing agent is 3 to 7 parts by weight.

7. The physical model according to claim 1, characterized in that The thin interlayer material is one of polyimide and organic glass.

8. A method for preparing a physical model according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Mix epoxy resin, silicone rubber, epoxy curing agent and silicone rubber curing agent, stir evenly, remove bubbles in the fluid, and obtain a reservoir simulation material; Step 2: pouring a first layer of reservoir simulation material into the mold, pouring a second layer of reservoir simulation material after the first layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies, embedding a thin sandwich material on the surface of the liquid second layer of reservoir simulation material, and pouring a third layer of reservoir simulation material on the surface of the thin sandwich material after the second layer of reservoir simulation material solidifies; Step 3: After the reservoir simulation material is completely solidified, the mold is removed to obtain a physical model.

9. The method for preparing a physical model according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step 2, the thickness of the thin interlayer material is 0.01 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mm.

10. The method for preparing a physical model according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step 2, The casting thickness of the first layer of reservoir simulation material is 20 to 30 mm; and / or, The casting thickness of the second layer of reservoir simulation material is 1 to 2 mm; and / or, The pouring thickness of the third layer of reservoir simulation material is 20-30 mm.

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