Display adjustment method, display adjustment device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a display adjustment method, a display adjustment device and a storage medium. The display adjustment method comprises: in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, obtaining the current ambient light intensity by a light intensity compensation function according to the light intensity data collected by a light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by an inertial measurement module. In response to the current ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold, obtaining image data in the current use environment, determining the current use environment according to the image data. In response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, setting the screen display brightness to a first brightness, the first brightness being the lowest screen display brightness in the outdoor environment. Through the present disclosure, when the terminal detects a decrease in ambient light intensity, it can distinguish whether the current use scenario is an indoor scenario or an outdoor shadow scenario, and automatically adjust the screen display brightness according to the current use scenario, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of terminal display, and in particular to a display adjustment method, a display adjustment device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] The automatic brightness function of a terminal is an intelligent function for automatically adjusting the brightness level of a mobile phone screen according to the intensity of ambient light. The automatic brightness function is realized based on a light sensor built in the terminal, and the light sensor detects the illumination intensity of the surrounding environment, and automatically adjusts the display brightness of the screen according to the detection result.

[0003] However, when the automatic brightness function of the terminal is turned on and the user uses the terminal in an outdoor environment, if the terminal is shaded, the illumination intensity detected by the light sensor will decrease, and the automatic brightness function of the terminal will automatically reduce the display brightness of the screen, which causes the user to be unable to clearly see the screen display content, and affects the user experience. SUMMARY

[0004] To overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a display adjustment method, a display adjustment device and a storage medium.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a display adjustment method is provided, including: in response to a current use environment being an outdoor environment, acquiring a current ambient light intensity by a light intensity compensation function according to light intensity data collected by a light sensor and terminal angle data collected by an inertial measurement module, the current use environment including an outdoor environment and an indoor environment; in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold value, acquiring image data in the current use environment, and determining the current use environment according to the image data, the light intensity threshold value being a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing between an indoor environment and an outdoor environment; and in response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, setting a screen display brightness to a first brightness, the first brightness being the lowest screen display brightness in the outdoor environment.

[0006] In an implementation, the use environment of the terminal is determined in the following manner: light intensity data is acquired by the light sensor; in response to the light intensity data being greater than a data threshold value, an inertial measurement module is turned on, and terminal angle data is continuously collected by the inertial measurement module, and the current use environment is determined according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data, the data threshold value being a critical light intensity data for distinguishing between an indoor environment and an outdoor environment; and in response to the light intensity data being less than the data threshold value, the current use environment is determined to be an indoor environment.

[0007] In an implementation, the determination of the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data includes: continuously acquiring a current ambient light intensity according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data; and determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and a light intensity threshold value.

[0008] In an implementation, the determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold comprises: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, determining that the current use environment is the indoor environment; and in response to the ambient light intensity being greater than the light intensity threshold, determining that the current use environment is the outdoor environment.

[0009] In an implementation, the determining the current use environment according to the image data comprises: inputting the image data into a scene discrimination model to obtain the current use environment; and the scene discrimination model is trained by a positive sample data set and a negative sample data set, the positive sample data set comprising images captured by the terminal at different terminal angles in different outdoor environments, and the negative sample data set comprising images captured by the terminal at different terminal angles in different indoor environments.

[0010] In an implementation, the method further comprises: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, acquiring motion data by the inertial measurement module, determining a current motion state according to the motion data; in response to being in a moving state, collecting image data according to a preset collection frequency, updating the current use environment according to the latest collected image data, and resetting the screen display brightness when the current use environment changes; and in response to being in a non-moving state, maintaining the screen display brightness set last time.

[0011] In an implementation, the method further comprises: in response to the current use environment being the indoor environment, adjusting the screen display brightness according to the ambient light intensity.

[0012] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a display adjustment apparatus is provided, comprising: a processing unit configured to, in response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, acquire a current ambient light intensity by a light intensity compensation function according to light intensity data collected by a light sensor and terminal angle data collected by an inertial measurement module, in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold, acquire image data in the current use environment, and determine the current use environment according to the image data, the current use environment comprising an outdoor environment and an indoor environment, and the light intensity threshold being a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing the indoor environment and the outdoor environment; and an adjustment unit configured to, in response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, set a screen display brightness to a first brightness, the first brightness being a lowest screen display brightness in the outdoor environment.

[0013] In one embodiment, the processing unit determines the use environment of the terminal by: acquiring light intensity data through the light sensor; in response to the light intensity data being greater than a data threshold, starting an inertial measurement module, continuously collecting terminal angle data through the inertial measurement module, and determining the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data, the data threshold being a critical light intensity data for distinguishing between indoor and outdoor environments; and in response to the light intensity data being less than the data threshold, determining that the current use environment is an indoor environment.

[0014] In one embodiment, the processing unit determines the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data by: continuously acquiring current ambient light intensity according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data; and determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and a light intensity threshold.

[0015] In one embodiment, the processing unit determines the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold by: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, determining that the current use environment is the indoor environment; and in response to the ambient light intensity being greater than the light intensity threshold, determining that the current use environment is the outdoor environment.

[0016] In one embodiment, the processing unit determines the current use environment according to the image data by: inputting the image data into a scene distinguishing model to obtain the current use environment; and training the scene distinguishing model through a positive sample data set and a negative sample data set, the positive sample data set including images taken by the terminal at different terminal angles in different outdoor environments, and the negative sample data set including images taken by the terminal at different terminal angles in different indoor environments.

[0017] In one embodiment, the adjusting unit is further configured to: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, acquire motion data through the inertial measurement module, determine a current motion state according to the motion data, collect image data according to a preset collection frequency in response to the current motion state being a moving state, update the current use environment according to the latest collected image data, and reset the screen display brightness when the current use environment changes; and maintain the last set screen display brightness in response to the current motion state being a non-moving state.

[0018] In one embodiment, the adjusting unit is further configured to: in response to the current use environment being an indoor environment, adjust the screen display brightness according to the ambient light intensity.

[0019] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a display adjustment apparatus is provided, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to execute the display adjustment method in the first aspect or any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0020] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored in the storage medium, and when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor, the processor can execute the display adjustment method in the first aspect or any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0021] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can have the following beneficial effects: The present disclosure relates to a display adjustment method, a display adjustment apparatus and a storage medium. The display adjustment method comprises: when the current use environment of a terminal is an outdoor environment under sunny conditions, continuously collecting light intensity data and terminal angle data under the current use environment, and obtaining the current ambient light intensity through a light intensity compensation function. When the ambient light intensity is a preset light intensity threshold, further distinguishing whether the current use scenario is an outdoor scenario or an indoor scenario, obtaining image data under the current use environment through a camera, and determining the current use environment according to the image data. In response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, setting the screen display brightness to the display brightness corresponding to the outdoor sunny use scenario. Through the present disclosure, when the terminal detects a decrease in ambient light intensity, it can distinguish whether the current use scenario is an indoor scenario or an outdoor shadow scenario, and automatically adjust the screen display brightness according to the current use scenario, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal.

[0022] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a terminal angle information detection method of an inertial measurement module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining a current use environment according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] Figure 4 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for determining a current use environment according to a current ambient light intensity and a light intensity threshold according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0029] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a method for determining a current use environment according to image data according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0030] Figure 7 is a flow chart of a display adjustment method according to yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0031] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a display adjustment method according to yet another exemplary embodiment.

[0032] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a display adjustment apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] Figure 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus for display adjustment according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the attached drawings. The following description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, as defined by the appended claims, in which the same reference numbers refer to the same or similar elements throughout the various drawings. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not meant to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure.

[0035] The display adjustment method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is applied to a scenario in which a terminal adjusts screen display brightness according to ambient light intensity.

[0036] The automatic brightness function of a terminal is an intelligent function. When the automatic brightness function of the terminal is turned on, the ambient light intensity of a current use environment is detected in real time by a front light sensor of the terminal, and the display brightness of the terminal is adjusted according to the detected ambient light intensity. When the ambient light intensity of the current use environment changes, the screen display brightness is adjusted adaptively. For example, when the use environment changes from an indoor environment to an outdoor environment in daytime, the screen display brightness level is increased when the ambient light intensity is detected to increase, so as to ensure that the user can see the screen display content of the terminal. When the use environment changes from an outdoor environment in daytime to an indoor environment, the screen display brightness level is decreased when the ambient light intensity is detected to decrease, so as to ensure that the user can see the screen display content of the terminal, reduce the power consumption of the terminal, and improve the endurance of the terminal.

[0037] However, the light sensor of the terminal outputs the light intensity data according to the ambient light irradiated on the terminal, and cannot reflect the overall light intensity of the current use environment. For example, the user moves to a shadow area such as an eave or a tree shade, or the user does not move but is blocked by a bus or other people, resulting in a decrease in the actual light intensity of the ambient light irradiated on the terminal, causing the light intensity data value output by the light sensor to decrease, but the ambient light intensity of the current overall use environment does not change substantially, that is, the light intensity data output by the light sensor of the terminal is affected by the shadow shielding, and there is a difference between the real light intensity of the current use environment. In the above case, if the terminal starts the automatic brightness function, the terminal will adaptively reduce the screen display brightness of the terminal based on the decrease of the light intensity data value output by the light sensor, causing the user to be unable to see the screen display content, affecting the user experience.

[0038] Therefore, the present disclosure provides a display adjustment method. In the outdoor sunny use environment, in response to the decrease of the light intensity data detected by the sensor, the inertial measurement module is called to collect terminal data, the ambient light intensity is output through the light intensity compensation function according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data, and when the ambient light intensity is lower than the preset light intensity threshold. The image data of the current use environment is collected through the image collection device, the current use environment is further determined, and the screen display brightness is adjusted after the current use environment is determined. Through the present disclosure, when the terminal detects the decrease of the ambient light intensity, it can distinguish whether the current use scene is an indoor scene or an outdoor shadow scene, and automatically adjust the screen display brightness according to the current use scene, so that the user can see the display content of the terminal.

[0039] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 1 , the method comprises steps S101 to S103.

[0040] In step S101, in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, the current ambient light intensity is obtained through a light intensity compensation function according to the light intensity data collected by the light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by the inertial measurement module.

[0041] The current use environment includes an outdoor environment and an indoor environment.

[0042] In step S102, in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, the image data in the current use environment is obtained, and the current use environment is determined according to the image data.

[0043] The light intensity threshold is a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing between an indoor environment and an outdoor environment.

[0044] In step S103, in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, the screen display brightness is set to a first brightness.

[0045] wherein the first brightness is the lowest screen display brightness in an outdoor environment.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the ambient light intensity in different use environments is different, and the light intensity data collected by the optical sensor of the terminal is different. It can be understood that the light intensity data detected by the optical sensor of the terminal is affected by the incident angle of the ambient light, and often differs from the actual ambient light intensity. For example: the normal light intensity of an outdoor environment under sunny conditions is above 30000 lux, and when the terminal is used under the corresponding use conditions, the light intensity data collected by the light sensor should be above 8000 lux; the normal light intensity of an outdoor environment under overcast conditions is 3000-20000 lux, and when the terminal is used under the corresponding use conditions, the light intensity data collected by the light sensor is 1200-16000 lux; the normal light intensity of an indoor environment is 300-500 lux, and when the terminal is used under the corresponding use conditions, the light intensity data collected by the light sensor is 50-300 lux. Considering the influence of the incident angle of the ambient light on the light intensity data output by the optical sensor, and combining the correlation between the terminal angle information and the incident angle of the light, in the outdoor environment under sunny conditions, the present disclosure collects the light intensity data in real time through the light sensor, collects the terminal angle data in real time through the inertial measurement module (IMU), and inputs the real-time collected light intensity data and terminal angle data into a light intensity compensation function, so as to obtain the ambient light intensity in real time. It can be understood that the ambient light intensity obtained by the light intensity compensation function of the present disclosure is closer to the real ambient light intensity under the current use environment compared with the light intensity data directly output by the optical sensor.

[0047] In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in the schematic diagram of the inertial measurement module detecting terminal angle information in the terminal, Figure 2 As shown in the schematic diagram of the inertial measurement module detecting terminal angle information in the terminal, the X axis corresponds to the perpendicular line of the long side of the terminal and is parallel to the short side of the terminal, the Y axis corresponds to the perpendicular line of the short side of the terminal and is parallel to the long side of the terminal, and the Z axis is perpendicular to the screen of the terminal, and the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis intersect. The terminal angle information detected by the inertial measurement module built-in the terminal includes the pitch of the terminal, i.e. the rotation angle of the terminal rotating around the X axis; the roll of the terminal, i.e. the rotation angle of the terminal rotating around the Z axis; and the azimuth of the terminal, i.e. the horizontal included angle between the north direction line and the target direction line in the clockwise direction of a certain point of the terminal. The terminal angle data output by the inertial measurement module in the present disclosure is determined according to the pitch, the roll and the azimuth of the terminal.

[0048] In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the following light intensity compensation function is used to obtain the ambient light intensity based on the light intensity data and the terminal angle data: the function expression of the light intensity compensation function is:

[0049] Linear model Poly51:

[0050] f(x, y) = p00 + p10 * x + p01 * y + p20 * x^2 + p11 * x * y + p30 * x^3 + p21 * x^2 * y + p40 * x^4 + p31 * x^3 * y + p50 * x^5 + p41 * x^4 * y

[0051] where x is the terminal angle data, y is the light intensity data, f(x, y) is the ambient light intensity, and p00 to p41 are the coefficients with 95% confidence bounds, as follows:

[0052] Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):

[0053] p00 = -0.6815 (-1.163, -0.2004)

[0054] p10 = 0.0411 (0.02733, 0.05487)

[0055] p01 = 1.008 (0.9909, 1.024)

[0056] p20 = -0.0001204 (-0.0004744, 0.0002337)

[0057] p11 = 0.0009078 (0.000489, 0.001327)

[0058] p30 = -1.615e-05 (-2.042e-05, -1.189e-05)

[0059] p21 = -0.0002763 (-0.0002886, -0.0002639)

[0060] p40 = 2.79e-08 (-1.854e-08, 7.433e-08)

[0061] p31 = -1.373e-07 (-2.122e-07, -6.238e-08)

[0062] p50 = 1.47e-09 (1.081e-09, 1.859e-09)

[0063] p41 = 1.876e-08 (1.714e-08, 2.037e-08).

[0064] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the ambient light intensity is obtained based on the light intensity data and the terminal angle data by a light intensity compensation function in the following way, the function expression of the light intensity compensation function is represented by a Matlab self-defined curve fitting general Gaussian model:

[0065] Fit found when optimization terminated: General model Gauss3:

[0066] f(x1) = a1*exp(-((x1-b1) / c1)^2) + a2*exp(-((x1-b2) / c2)^2) + a3*exp(-((x1-b3) / c3)^2)

[0067] wherein exp is the abbreviation of natural exponential function, for example, N*exp(x0) = N^x0, x1 is the terminal angle data, f(x1) is the ratio of the ambient light intensity and the light intensity data collected by the light line sensor, a1 to c3 are the parameters (Coefficients) with 95% confidence bounds, for example:

[0068] Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):

[0069] a1 = 24.41 (-1.502e+04, 1.507e+04)

[0070] b1 = 14.69 (-29.12, 58.51)

[0071] c1 = 29.56 (-131.1, 190.2)

[0072] a2 = 0.3854 (0.2727, 0.4982)

[0073] b2 = -38.58 (-45.02, -32.13)

[0074] c2 = 24.06 (19.7, 28.43)

[0075] a3 = 9323.48 (-1.507e+04, 1.502e+04)

[0076] b3 = 14.83 (-29.69, 59.36)

[0077] c3 = 29.05 (-135.4, 193.5)

[0078] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, if the ambient light intensity obtained through the light intensity compensation function is less than the light intensity threshold (the light intensity threshold is the critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing indoor environment and outdoor environment), it is determined that the light intensity of the local environment where the terminal is located is reduced, and it is further determined whether the light intensity of the current overall use environment is also reduced, i.e., whether the current use environment of the terminal is an indoor environment (the light intensity of the current overall use environment is also reduced) or an outdoor environment (the light intensity of the current overall use environment is not reduced and remains at the original level). In this case, the light sensor cannot achieve the further determination of the use environment, so the image acquisition device (such as a front camera) of the terminal is started to acquire image data of the current use environment, and the current use environment is determined through the image data. When the current use environment is an outdoor environment, the screen display brightness of the terminal is maintained at a high display brightness in the outdoor environment, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal.

[0079] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the inertia measurement module, the light sensor and the image acquisition device of the terminal acquire data respectively, and the current use environment of the terminal is accurately determined according to the acquired various types of data. When the ambient light intensity obtained through the light intensity compensation function is reduced to below the preset light intensity threshold, it can be accurately determined whether the current use scenario is an indoor scenario or an outdoor scenario, and the display brightness of the terminal screen is adjusted, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal and improve the user experience. Moreover, the image acquisition device in the present disclosure is triggered only in the scenario that the ambient light intensity obtained through the light intensity compensation function is reduced to below the preset light intensity threshold, so that the above-mentioned display brightness adjustment function is realized with low power consumption, and the endurance of the terminal is ensured.

[0080] The following embodiments of the present disclosure illustrate a method for determining the current use environment of a terminal.

[0081] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a method for determining the current use environment according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 3 , the method comprises steps S201, S202A and S202B.

[0082] In step S201, light intensity data is acquired through a light sensor.

[0083] In step S202A, in response to the light intensity data being greater than a data threshold, an inertia measurement module is started, terminal angle data is continuously acquired through the inertia measurement module, and the current use environment is determined according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data.

[0084] The data threshold is the critical light intensity for distinguishing indoor environment and outdoor environment.

[0085] In step S202B, in response to the light intensity data being less than the data threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment.

[0086] It can be understood that the continuous running of the terminal inertial measurement module increases the power consumption of the terminal and affects the endurance of the terminal, and there is a certain mapping relationship between the light intensity data obtained by the light sensor and the ambient light intensity obtained through the light intensity compensation function, so in the present disclosure, when the terminal is turned on the automatic brightness function and the terminal is initially in the use state, if the light intensity data obtained by the light sensor is lower than the preset data threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment, and the screen display brightness can be set to the lowest brightness supported by the automatic brightness adjustment (i.e. to ensure that the display brightness of the screen display can be seen in the indoor environment); if the light intensity data obtained by the light sensor is higher than the preset data threshold, further environment judgment and brightness adjustment need to be performed.

[0087] In the present embodiment, when the current use environment is initially determined, only the light sensor is enabled to collect the light intensity data of the terminal use environment, and when the light intensity data exceeds the preset data threshold, other devices are considered to be enabled to perform further environment judgment and display brightness adjustment, thereby avoiding the power consumption increase caused by the continuous opening of the inertial sensor and ensuring the endurance of the terminal.

[0088] In the present embodiment, the light intensity data collected by the light sensor of the terminal use environment is different from the actual light intensity of the use scene, so when the light intensity data is greater than the data threshold, it cannot be completely determined that the current is in an outdoor environment, and the inertial measurement module needs to continuously collect the terminal angle data to further determine the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data.

[0089] Figure 4 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to yet another exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 4 , the method includes steps S301 to S302.

[0090] In step S301, the current ambient light intensity is continuously obtained according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data.

[0091] In step S302, the current use environment is determined according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold.

[0092] In the present embodiment, when the light intensity data is greater than the data threshold, it is necessary to further determine whether the current use scene is an outdoor scene, i.e. to enable the inertial measurement module to collect the angle data of the terminal, and to input the angle data and the light intensity data into the light intensity compensation function to determine the current ambient light intensity, and then to determine the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold. In the present disclosure, when the light intensity data exceeds the preset data threshold, the inertial measurement module is enabled, and the current ambient light intensity is determined through the light intensity compensation function, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the light intensity determination result.

[0093] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the light intensity threshold is determined according to the ambient light intensity, the light intensity data of each angle in each environment is obtained by the light sensor of the terminal under each light intensity environment through the mobile phone. Since the field of view FOV of the terminal light sensor is limited, generally only 90-120 degrees, the ambient light cannot be perfectly obtained, so the ambient light intensity cannot be completely compensated, but the values are on the same horizontal line due to light scattering.

[0094] The following embodiments of the present disclosure illustrate a method for determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold.

[0095] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 5 , the method comprises steps S401, S402A and S402B.

[0096] In step S401, the current ambient light intensity is continuously obtained according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data.

[0097] In step S402A, in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment.

[0098] In step S402B, in response to the ambient light intensity being greater than the light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an outdoor environment.

[0099] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the light intensity threshold is a preset critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing indoor environment and outdoor environment. It can be understood that there is an intersection between the light intensity range in the indoor environment and the light intensity unit in the outdoor environment, and the present disclosure sets the critical ambient light intensity according to the general range of the indoor environment light intensity and the general range of the outdoor environment light intensity. The outdoor environment defined in the present disclosure is mainly the scene during the day when the ambient light intensity is higher than that in the indoor environment.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the angle data of the terminal is collected by starting the inertial measurement module, and the angle data and the light intensity data are input into the light intensity compensation function to determine the current ambient light intensity, and then it is determined whether the current use environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold. The display brightness of the terminal is set according to the current use environment and the real-time determined ambient light intensity.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the current ambient light intensity is reduced to below the light intensity threshold by the light intensity compensation function, it is further determined whether the current use environment is an indoor environment or an outdoor environment according to the image data. The following embodiments of the present disclosure illustrate a method for determining the current use environment according to the image data.

[0102] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a method for determining a current use environment according to image data according to an example embodiment. As shown in Figure 6 , the method comprises steps S501 to S502.

[0103] In step S501, in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, image data under the current use environment is acquired.

[0104] In step S502, the image data is input into a scene discrimination model to obtain the current use environment.

[0105] The scene discrimination model is trained by a positive sample data set and a negative sample data set. The positive sample data set comprises images captured by the terminal at different terminal angles under different outdoor environments, and the negative sample data set comprises images captured by the terminal at different terminal angles under different indoor environments.

[0106] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a pre-trained scene discrimination model is used to determine the current use environment. The positive sample data set used to train the scene discrimination model is a large number of images captured by the terminal at various terminal angles under outdoor shadow masking scenes such as tree shade, building shadow and object shadow in outdoor environments under various weathers through an image acquisition device (such as a front camera). The negative sample data set used to train the scene discrimination model is a large number of images captured by the terminal at various terminal angles under scenes such as corridors, elevator rooms, living rooms and office areas in indoor environments under various weathers through an image acquisition device (such as a front camera).

[0107] In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, an MPN-COV classification model can be used for model training. When training the scene discrimination model, first, classification training is performed on a large data set (such as imageNet) shared on the Internet, then model fine-tuning is performed through the above-mentioned self-built positive sample data set and negative sample data set, and model training is completed to obtain an applicable classification model.

[0108] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, after the image data is input into the scene discrimination model, the scene discrimination model quickly determines and outputs the current use scene according to the content of the image data, thereby realizing quick determination of the use scene and ensuring quick adjustment of the screen display brightness of the terminal.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, if the ambient light intensity is less than the light intensity threshold and the user is in a continuous moving state, there may be different use environment change conditions such as a shadow sheltered environment that is continuously outdoors, an indoor environment converted from the shadow sheltered environment outdoors, and the like, based on the different use environment change conditions when the user is in the continuous moving state. The present disclosure needs to continuously determine the current use environment when the ambient light intensity is less than the light intensity threshold and the user is in a moving state, and adaptively adjust the display brightness of the terminal screen. The following embodiments of the present disclosure further illustrate the above display adjustment method.

[0110] Figure 7 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to yet another exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 7 , the method includes step S601, step S602A, and step S602B.

[0111] In step S601, in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, motion data is acquired by an inertial measurement module, and a current motion state is determined according to the motion data.

[0112] In step S602A, in response to being currently in a moving state, image data is collected according to a preset collection frequency, and the current use environment is updated according to the latest collected image data, and the screen display brightness is reset when the current use environment changes.

[0113] In step S602B, in response to being currently in a non-moving state, the screen display brightness that is most recently set is maintained.

[0114] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the terminal is in a moving state, image data is collected by an image collection device (such as a front camera) according to a preset frequency (such as 10 seconds), and the current use scenario of the terminal is quickly determined according to a scene determination model, and then the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the use scenario. It can be understood that the use scenario of the current terminal in the present disclosure is mainly divided into indoor and outdoor scenarios. When the current use environment changes, the screen display brightness is reset. If the user continues to move in the outdoor shadow-shielded environment, image data of the outdoor shadow-shielded environment (such as images corresponding to tree shade, building shadow and object shadow in the outdoor environment) will be collected, and then it is determined by the scene determination model that the current use environment is an outdoor environment, and the display brightness is not adjusted according to the change of the detected ambient light intensity, and the high display brightness corresponding to the normal outdoor environment is maintained. If the user moves from the outdoor shadow-shielded environment to the indoor environment, image data of the indoor environment (images corresponding to corridors, elevator rooms, living rooms and office areas) will be collected, and then it is determined by the scene determination model that the current use environment is an indoor environment, and the screen display brightness is adaptively adjusted according to the change of the ambient light intensity. The present disclosure can use a pedometer algorithm or a neural network to determine the current motion state, wherein the pedometer algorithm is a traditional algorithm, that is, a waveform graph is drawn based on the real-time collected motion data, and a wave segment of one wave crest and wave trough is determined as one walking.

[0115] It can be understood that when the terminal is in a moving state, there is also a case of moving from an outdoor shadow-shielded environment to a non-shadow-shielded environment. In this case, the light intensity data output by the terminal light sensor will increase, and the ambient light intensity determined by the light intensity compensation function based on the light intensity data and the terminal angle data will also increase, thereby being higher than the light intensity threshold. In this case, the current use scenario does not need to be determined by image data, and the image collection device of the terminal can be turned off to stop collecting image data, thereby reducing the power consumption of the terminal and ensuring the endurance of the terminal.

[0116] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, if it is determined that the terminal is in an outdoor shadow-shielded environment and the terminal is in a non-moving state, it is determined that the current use environment has been an outdoor environment, and the display brightness is not adjusted according to the change of the detected ambient light intensity, and the high display brightness corresponding to the normal outdoor environment is maintained.

[0117] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, different screen display brightness adjustment strategies are used to adjust the screen display brightness according to whether the user moves when using the terminal and whether the use scenario changes when moving. It is ensured that the screen display brightness is consistent with the current use environment of the terminal. When the current use environment is an outdoor environment, the screen display brightness of the terminal is maintained at a high display brightness in the outdoor environment, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal. When the current use environment is an indoor environment, the screen display brightness of the terminal is reduced, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal while reducing the power consumption of the terminal and ensuring the endurance of the terminal.

[0118] The following embodiments of the present disclosure further illustrate the display adjustment method described above.

[0119] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a display adjustment method according to yet another exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 8 , the method comprises steps S701 to S702.

[0120] In step S701, according to the light intensity data value collected by the light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by the inertial sensor, the current ambient light intensity is obtained by a light intensity compensation function.

[0121] In step S702, in response to the current use environment being an indoor environment, the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the ambient light intensity.

[0122] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the user uses the terminal and the terminal is turned on for the first time, the current use scenario is first determined by the light intensity data collected by the optical sensor. If the light intensity data is less than the data threshold value, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment, and the screen display brightness can be set to the lowest brightness supported by the automatic brightness adjustment (i.e. the display brightness that ensures that the screen display can be clearly seen in an indoor environment). If the light intensity data obtained by the light sensor is higher than the preset data threshold value, the inertial measurement module is started, the terminal angle data is continuously obtained, and the current ambient light intensity is continuously obtained according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data. In response to the current ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold value, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment, and the screen display brightness can be set to the lowest brightness supported by the automatic brightness adjustment (i.e. the display brightness that ensures that the screen display can be clearly seen in an indoor environment).

[0123] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, when a user uses a terminal, the terminal first determines a current use scenario by collecting light intensity data through an optical sensor when the terminal first turns on the screen. If the light intensity data is less than a data threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment and the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the use environment. If the light intensity data obtained through the light sensor is higher than the preset data threshold, the inertial measurement module is started, the terminal angle data is continuously obtained, and the current ambient light intensity is continuously obtained according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data. If the current ambient light intensity is less than a light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment and the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the use environment. If the current ambient light intensity is greater than the light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an outdoor environment and the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the use environment. When the current use environment is an outdoor environment and the real-time obtained ambient light intensity decreases to below the light intensity threshold, the image data in the current use environment is obtained, and it is determined whether the current use environment is an indoor environment or a shadow shielding environment in the outdoor environment according to the image data. If the current use environment is an indoor environment, the screen display brightness is adjusted according to the change of the ambient light intensity. If the current use environment is a shadow shielding environment in the outdoor environment, the screen display brightness of the terminal is kept at a high display brightness in the outdoor environment, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal. Through the present disclosure, when the terminal detects that the ambient light intensity decreases, it can distinguish whether the current use scenario is an indoor scenario or an outdoor shadow scenario, and automatically adjust the screen display brightness according to the current use scenario, so that the user can clearly see the display content of the terminal, and the user experience is improved.

[0124] Based on the same concept, the present disclosure also provides a display adjustment device 100.

[0125] It can be understood that the display adjustment device 100 provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the corresponding hardware structure and / or software modules for executing various functions in order to achieve the above functions. In combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software driven hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0126] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a display adjustment device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Referring to Figure 9 The device includes a processing unit 101 and an adjustment unit 102.

[0127] The processing unit 101, in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, obtains the current ambient light intensity according to the light intensity data collected by the light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by the inertial measurement module, through a light intensity compensation function. In response to the current ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, the image data in the current use environment is obtained, and the current use environment is determined according to the image data.

[0128] The current use environment includes an outdoor environment and an indoor environment, and the light intensity threshold is a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing between indoor and outdoor environments.

[0129] The adjusting unit 102, in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, sets the screen display brightness to a first brightness.

[0130] The first brightness is the minimum screen display brightness in an outdoor environment.

[0131] In one embodiment, the use environment of the terminal is determined by the processing unit 101 in the following manner: the light intensity data is obtained by the light sensor. In response to the light intensity data being greater than a data threshold, the inertial measurement module is turned on, and the terminal angle data is continuously collected by the inertial measurement module. The current use environment is determined according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data. The data threshold is a critical light intensity data for distinguishing between indoor and outdoor environments. In response to the light intensity data being less than the data threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment.

[0132] In one embodiment, the processing unit 101 determines the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data in the following manner: the current ambient light intensity is continuously obtained according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data. The current use environment is determined according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold.

[0133] In one embodiment, the processing unit 101 determines the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and the light intensity threshold in the following manner: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an indoor environment. In response to the ambient light intensity being greater than the light intensity threshold, it is determined that the current use environment is an outdoor environment.

[0134] In one embodiment, the processing unit 101 determines the current use environment according to the image data in the following manner: the image data is input into a scene discrimination model to obtain the current use environment. The scene discrimination model is trained by a positive sample data set and a negative sample data set. The positive sample data set includes images taken by the terminal at different terminal angles in different outdoor environments, and the negative sample data set includes images taken by the terminal at different terminal angles in different indoor environments.

[0135] In one implementation, the adjusting unit 102 is further configured to: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than the light intensity threshold, acquire motion data by the inertial measurement module, determine a current motion state according to the motion data; in response to the current motion state being a moving state, acquire image data according to a preset acquisition frequency, update the current use environment according to the latest acquired image data, and reset the screen display brightness when the current use environment changes; and in response to the current motion state being a non-moving state, maintain the screen display brightness set last time.

[0136] In one implementation, the adjusting unit 102 is further configured to: in response to the current use environment being an indoor environment, adjust the screen display brightness according to the ambient light intensity.

[0137] Figure 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus 200 for display adjustment according to an example embodiment. The apparatus 200 can be provided as a terminal. For example, the apparatus 200 can be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, and the like.

[0138] Referring to Figure 10 , the apparatus 200 can include one or more of the following components: a processing component 202, a memory 204, a power supply component 206, a multimedia component 208, an audio component 210, an input / output (I / O) interface 212, a sensor component 214, and a communication component 216.

[0139] The processing component 202 generally controls the overall operations of the apparatus 200, such as operations associated with display, phone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing component 202 can include one or more processors 220 to execute instructions to complete the steps of the methods described above, in whole or in part. Moreover, the processing component 202 can include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between the processing component 202 and other components. For example, the processing component 202 can include a multimedia module to facilitate the interaction between the multimedia component 208 and the processing component 202.

[0140] The memory 204 is configured to store various types of data to support the operations of the apparatus 200. Examples of these data include instructions for any application or method operating on the apparatus 200, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, and the like. The memory 204 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage devices or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks.

[0141] Power component 206 provides power to various components of the device 200. The power component 206 can include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the device 200.

[0142] The multimedia component 208 includes a display for the device 200 to provide an output interface between the device 200 and a user. In some embodiments, the display can include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the display includes a touch panel, the display can be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors for sensing touch, swiping, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors can not only sense a boundary of a touch or swipe action, but also detect duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe action. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 208 includes a front camera and / or a rear camera. When the device 200 is in an operation mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front camera and / or the rear camera can receive external multimedia data. Each of the front and rear cameras can be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.

[0143] The audio component 210 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component 210 includes a microphone (MIC) for receiving an external audio signal when the device 200 is in an operation mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode. The received audio signal can be further stored in the memory 204 or transmitted via the communication component 216. In some embodiments, the audio component 210 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0144] The I / O interface 212 provides an interface between the processing component 202 and peripheral interface modules, which can be a keyboard, a click wheel, buttons, and the like. The buttons can include, but are not limited to, a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

[0145] The sensor component 214 includes one or more sensors to provide status assessments for various aspects of the device 200. For example, the sensor component 214 can detect an open / closed status of the device 200, relative positioning of components, such as a display and keypad of the device 200, a change in position of the device 200 or a component of the device 200, presence or absence of user contact with the device 200, orientation or acceleration / deceleration of the device 200, and temperature changes of the device 200. The sensor component 214 can include proximity sensor(s) configured to detect presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. The sensor component 214 can also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor component 214 can also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0146] The communication component 216 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the device 200 and another device. The device 200 can access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G, or 3G, or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 216 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 216 further includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module can be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology and other technology.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the device 200 can be implemented using one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors or other electronic elements, to perform the above-described methods.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as the memory 204 including instructions, is also provided, which can be executed by the processor 220 of the device 200 to perform the above-described methods. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can be a ROM, a random access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disc, and an optical data storage device, etc.

[0149] It can be understood that "multiple" in the present disclosure refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar. The association relationship of "and / or" describing the associated objects means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent three cases of A existing alone, A and B existing together, and B existing alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0150] It can be further understood that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other, and do not indicate a particular order or importance. In fact, the expressions of "first", "second", and the like can be completely interchangeable. For example, the first information can also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information can also be referred to as the first information without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0151] It can be further understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

[0152] It can be further understood that unless otherwise specified, "connection" includes direct connection between the two without other components, and also includes indirect connection between the two with other elements.

[0153] It can be further understood that although the operations are described in a specific order in the embodiments of the present disclosure in the drawings, it should not be understood as requiring the operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a serial order, or requiring all the operations to be performed to obtain the desired results. In a particular environment, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.

[0154] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptive changes of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field of the present disclosure not disclosed by the present disclosure.

[0155] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise construction that has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display adjustment method characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, acquiring the current ambient light intensity by means of a light intensity compensation function according to the light intensity data collected by the light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by the inertial measurement module, wherein the current use environment comprises an outdoor environment and an indoor environment; in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold value, acquiring image data in the current use environment, and determining the current use environment according to the image data, wherein the light intensity threshold value is a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing between an indoor environment and an outdoor environment; in response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, setting the screen display brightness to a first brightness, wherein the first brightness is the lowest screen display brightness in the outdoor environment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The use environment of the terminal is determined in the following manner: acquiring light intensity data by means of the light sensor; in response to the light intensity data being greater than a data threshold value, starting the inertial measurement module, continuously collecting terminal angle data by means of the inertial measurement module, and determining the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data, wherein the data threshold value is a critical light intensity data for distinguishing between an indoor environment and an outdoor environment; in response to the light intensity data being less than the data threshold value, determining that the current use environment is an indoor environment.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The determination of the current use environment according to the light intensity data and the terminal angle data comprises the following steps: continuously acquiring the current ambient light intensity according to the terminal angle data and the light intensity data; determining the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and a light intensity threshold value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The determination of the current use environment according to the current ambient light intensity and a light intensity threshold value comprises the following steps: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold value, determining that the current use environment is the indoor environment; in response to the ambient light intensity being greater than a light intensity threshold value, determining that the current use environment is the outdoor environment.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the current use environment according to the image data comprises the following steps: inputting the image data into a scene distinguishing model to obtain the current use environment; the scene distinguishing model is trained by means of a positive sample data set and a negative sample data set, wherein the positive sample data set comprises images obtained by the terminal in different outdoor environments at different terminal angles, and the negative sample data set comprises images obtained by the terminal in different indoor environments at different terminal angles.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises the following steps: in response to the ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold value, acquiring motion data by means of the inertial measurement module, and determining the current motion state according to the motion data; in response to being in a moving state, collecting image data according to a preset collection frequency, updating the current use environment according to the newly collected image data, and resetting the screen display brightness when the current use environment changes; in response to being in a non-moving state, maintaining the screen display brightness that has been set most recently.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises the following steps: in response to the current use environment being an indoor environment, adjusting the screen display brightness according to the ambient light intensity.

8. A display adjustment apparatus, characterized by comprising: The method comprises the following steps: The processing unit, in response to the current use environment being an outdoor environment, acquires the current ambient light intensity by a light intensity compensation function according to the light intensity data collected by the light sensor and the terminal angle data collected by the inertial measurement module, acquires the image data in the current use environment in response to the current ambient light intensity being less than a light intensity threshold, and determines the current use environment according to the image data, wherein the current use environment includes an outdoor environment and an indoor environment, and the light intensity threshold is a critical ambient light intensity for distinguishing the indoor environment and the outdoor environment. The adjusting unit is configured to set the screen display brightness to a first brightness in response to the current use environment being the outdoor environment, and the first brightness is the lowest screen display brightness in the outdoor environment.

9. A display adjustment apparatus, characterized by comprising: The display adjusting method comprises the following steps: A processor is configured to execute the display adjusting method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor, the processor can execute the display adjusting method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. ​ 10. A storage medium, characterized by ​

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