Truss system-based offshore photovoltaic structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system and a construction method thereof, the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system comprises a plurality of bearing modules which are arranged side by side or connected side by side, and each bearing module comprises a bracket unit, a connecting unit and a plurality of supporting units; the bracket unit inclines at a preset angle and is used for mounting a photovoltaic module plate; the multiple supporting units are arranged at the bottom end of the bracket unit at intervals of a first preset distance, used for supporting the bracket unit and connected with a pile foundation which is driven into the seabed in advance; the connecting units are connected to the bearing modules in the adjacent rows / columns and used for reinforcing the bearing modules in the adjacent rows / columns. According to the invention, the plurality of bearing modules are connected into a whole, and the plurality of bearing modules are reinforced by using the connecting units, so that the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system can be integrally assembled on the land, and the technical problems of large construction difficulty, high stability requirement and the like of the offshore photovoltaic structure can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of offshore photovoltaic construction, and in particular to an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging form of energy utilization, offshore photovoltaics is still in the stage of technical exploration and practice.

[0003] At present, there is no relatively complete process flow for offshore photovoltaic design and construction, especially in the installation and construction of photovoltaic superstructures, which mostly draws on the construction experience of land-based photovoltaic power generation. The traditional offshore photovoltaic bracket installation method mainly relies on manual work, including building scaffolding on pile foundations sunk to the seabed in advance, and then using the scaffolding on the pile foundation to lift the brackets one by one onto the pile foundation and fix them in sequence.

[0004] However, this method is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive in offshore operating environments with unstable sea conditions, but also has a significant impact on construction efficiency and safety. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system and a construction method thereof.

[0006] The present invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, comprising a plurality of bearing modules connected side by side / in parallel, each bearing module comprising a bracket unit, a connection unit and a plurality of support units;

[0007] The bracket unit is tilted at a preset angle for mounting photovoltaic module panels;

[0008] A plurality of the support units are arranged at a first preset distance at the bottom end of the bracket unit, and are used to support the bracket unit and connect with a pile foundation pre-driven into the seabed;

[0009] The connection units are connected to the support modules in adjacent rows / columns to reinforce the support modules in adjacent rows / columns.

[0010] Preferably, the connection unit comprises a plurality of lateral sub-units and a plurality of cross sub-units;

[0011] Each transverse subunit is arranged on a group of support units corresponding to the load-bearing modules in adjacent rows / columns, and is used to reinforce the load-bearing modules in adjacent rows / columns;

[0012] Each cross sub-unit is arranged between adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules, and each leg of the cross sub-unit is respectively connected to a corresponding support unit, so as to reinforce the adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules.

[0013] Preferably, the support unit comprises four inclined rods and a base;

[0014] One ends of the four oblique rods are connected to the bracket unit, and the other ends of the four oblique rods converge at a vertex to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape;

[0015] The base is arranged on the vertex and is used for connecting the pile foundation.

[0016] Preferably, the base is sleeve-shaped, and one end of the base connected to the pile foundation is open;

[0017] The size of the opening is larger than the size of the pile foundation.

[0018] The present invention also discloses a method for constructing an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Assembling offshore photovoltaic structures based on truss systems on land;

[0020] Transporting the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system from land to an offshore construction area;

[0021] Lifting and adjusting the position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system in the air so that it is aligned with the pile foundation on the seabed;

[0022] The spacing between adjacent pile foundations is adjusted to achieve secondary alignment of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation, and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation are connected after the secondary alignment.

[0023] Preferably, the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is assembled on land, specifically:

[0024] Assembling multiple load-bearing modules one after another on land;

[0025] Determine corresponding lifting points on a plurality of bracket units, and install the photovoltaic module panel at a preset position of the bracket unit, wherein the preset position is separated from the lifting point by a second preset distance;

[0026] Correspondingly, after the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is connected to the pile foundation after the secondary alignment, it also includes: translating the photovoltaic component panels until each lifting point is covered.

[0027] Preferably, the spacing between adjacent pile foundations is adjusted to achieve secondary alignment between the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation, specifically:

[0028] After one alignment, a pile foundation that does not correspond to the base position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is obtained, and the base is used to be connected to the pile foundation;

[0029] Hinges and slings are used to correct the positions of pile foundations that do not correspond to the positions of the base in turn until all pile foundations are aligned with the base for the second time.

[0030] Preferably, multiple load-bearing modules are assembled sequentially on land, specifically:

[0031] A tooling with a preset tilt angle is arranged on land, and a plurality of bearing modules are assembled on the tooling in sequence.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention connects multiple bearing modules into a whole, and uses a connecting unit to reinforce the multiple bearing modules, so that the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system can be assembled as a whole on land. This can not only effectively solve the technical problems of the offshore photovoltaic structure, such as the difficulty of construction and high stability requirements, but also significantly improve the applicability and scalability of the offshore photovoltaic structure;

[0034] (2) The present invention determines corresponding lifting points on a plurality of bracket units and reserves a second preset distance from the lifting points when installing the photovoltaic module panels, thereby achieving accurate positioning and efficient lifting of the photovoltaic module panels during the installation process, which not only simplifies the installation steps and improves the installation efficiency, but also ensures that the photovoltaic module panels are not damaged during the installation process, thereby ensuring the installation quality;

[0035] (3) After the connection between the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation is completed, the photovoltaic module panels are translated until each lifting point is covered, thereby further optimizing the layout of the photovoltaic module panels. This layout method not only improves the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module panels and ensures the maximization of sunlight reception, but also avoids the influence of the lifting points on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module panels;

[0036] (4) The present invention lifts and adjusts the position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system in the air so that it can be aligned with the pile foundation on the seabed. This significantly improves the initial installation accuracy and reduces the workload of subsequent adjustments. After the first alignment, flexible and efficient tools such as hinges and slings are used to correct the position of the pile foundation that does not correspond to the base position. This method is not only easy to operate, but also can quickly respond and adjust the position of the pile foundation until all the pile foundations are aligned with the base for the second time. This optimized correction method ensures the accuracy and stability of the installation and reduces errors and uncertainties during the installation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2is a top view of an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the barge crane unit in place;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transport ship's stationing position;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of lifting the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system after arriving at the offshore construction area;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of photovoltaic module panels assembled on land.

[0043] In the figure, 1 is the bracket unit; 2 is the support unit; 3 is the pile foundation; 4 is the lateral sub-unit; 5 is the cross sub-unit; 6 is the base; 7 is the truss; 8 is the lifting point; 9 is the lifting beam; 10 is the tooling; 11 is the transport ship; 12 is the construction ship; and 13 is the sub-array center. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, comprising a plurality of bearing modules connected side by side / in parallel, each bearing module comprising a bracket unit 1, a connection unit and a plurality of support units 2;

[0046] The bracket unit 1 is tilted at a preset angle for installing photovoltaic module panels; the bracket unit 1 is the main structure for supporting photovoltaic module panels, and is designed to be tilted at a preset angle, which can optimize the photovoltaic module panels' efficiency in receiving sunlight and improve power generation efficiency; at the same time, the structure and material selection of the bracket unit 1 must meet the requirements of corrosion resistance, weather resistance and load-bearing capacity to ensure long-term stable operation.

[0047] A plurality of support units 2 are arranged at a first preset distance at the bottom end of the bracket unit 1, and are used to support the bracket unit 1 and connect with the pile foundation 3 pre-driven into the seabed;

[0048] Preferably, the support unit 2 includes four inclined rods and a base 6;

[0049] One end of each of the four inclined rods is connected to the bracket unit 1, and the other ends of the four inclined rods converge at a vertex, forming an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape;

[0050] In the present invention, the inverted quadrangular pyramid-shaped support unit has a wider bottom and a narrower top, forming a stable triangular pyramid shape, which can withstand various loads in the horizontal and vertical directions, ensuring that the photovoltaic components can remain stable under various environmental conditions. At the same time, this shape helps to disperse the energy brought by wind and waves, reduce the impact force on the photovoltaic components, and thus improve the system's wind and wave resistance.

[0051] Furthermore, compared with support units of other shapes, the inverted quadrangular pyramid-shaped support unit has a compact structure, which can reduce the horizontal footprint of the photovoltaic module, thereby saving precious land resources, and has a simple design and is easy to manufacture and install.

[0052] The base 6 is arranged on the vertex and is used to connect the pile foundation 3 .

[0053] Preferably, the base 6 is sleeve-shaped, and one end of the base 6 connected to the pile foundation 3 is open;

[0054] The size of the opening is larger than the size of the pile foundation 3 .

[0055] The connection units are connected to the carrier modules in adjacent rows / columns to reinforce the carrier modules in adjacent rows / columns.

[0056] Preferably, the connection unit comprises a plurality of lateral subunits 4 and a plurality of cross subunits 5;

[0057] Each transverse subunit 4 is arranged on a group of support units 2 corresponding to the adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules, and is used to reinforce the adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules; the transverse subunit 4 is a transverse connecting member, such as a beam, a steel cable, etc. The transverse subunit 4 not only enhances the connection strength between adjacent load-bearing modules, but also disperses the impact force of waves on a single load-bearing module to a certain extent.

[0058] Each cross sub-unit 5 is arranged between adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules, and each leg of the cross sub-unit 5 is respectively connected to the corresponding support unit 2, so as to reinforce the adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules. The cross sub-unit 5 not only further enhances the connection strength between adjacent load-bearing modules, but also provides support and stability in multiple directions. In the present invention, the cross sub-unit 5 can be a scissors brace or a staggered connecting rod.

[0059] like Figure 2As shown, it is an embodiment of the present invention, in which there are two bearing modules, the two bracket units 1 corresponding to the two bearing modules are two groups of truss platforms arranged side by side, the support unit 2 is four diagonal braces in the shape of a plurality of inverted quadrangular pyramids, and the support units 2 are arranged on the truss platforms at a first preset distance; the transverse subunit 4 and the cross subunit 5 are both arranged between two rows of truss platforms, and the transverse subunit 4 is connected to the corresponding support units 2 in the front and rear rows; the cross subunit 5 has four legs, and each leg is connected to a different support unit 2.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a method for constructing an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1. Assembling offshore photovoltaic structures based on truss systems on land;

[0062] Preferably, S1 is specifically:

[0063] S11, assembling a plurality of carrying modules in sequence on land;

[0064] S12, determining corresponding lifting points 8 on a plurality of bracket units 1, and installing the photovoltaic module panels at preset positions of the bracket units 1, wherein the preset positions are separated from the lifting points 8 by a second preset distance;

[0065] Preferably, S11 is specifically:

[0066] A tooling 10 with a preset tilt angle is set on land, and multiple load-bearing modules are assembled on the tooling 10 in sequence. The tooling 10 with a preset tilt angle can ensure that the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system can be naturally aligned with the predetermined installation position during the hoisting process, without the need for complex rotation operations in the air. At the same time, the tilted tooling 10 also helps to optimize the center of gravity distribution of the photovoltaic structure, making the hoisting process more stable and reducing safety hazards caused by unstable center of gravity.

[0067] Specifically, the tooling includes multiple brackets of different heights, and the top ends of the multiple brackets have a preset tilt angle as a whole to ensure that the assembled offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system has the same tilt angle; the position of the bracket corresponds to the position of the base, and each base is set on the corresponding bracket.

[0068] Furthermore, the term "multiple" mentioned in the present invention means that the number is greater than one, and there is no clear correspondence between the components described as multiple, and they may be the same or different. Technical personnel in this field can make their own choices during the construction process based on actual conditions.

[0069] The following is a specific embodiment of S1:

[0070] 1. Preparation before construction

[0071] 1.1 Staffing: The number of construction personnel will be allocated according to the construction progress.

[0072] 1.2 Mechanical equipment configuration: Truck cranes, crawler cranes, barge crane units, transport ships 11, electric welders, generators, etc. are put into use as needed, and safety operating procedures are prominently posted; GPS (RTK) and level instruments and facilities are within the calibration validity period, and are equipped with steel tape measures, tower rulers and digital level rulers.

[0073] 1.3 Material preparation: Check whether the on-site construction materials meet the requirements and check the quality certification documents; stack the materials neatly and hang material identification signs on site;

[0074] 1.4 Technical preparation: drawing review, safety technology briefing, and construction plan approval.

[0075] 1.5 Construction Preparation

[0076] (1) Survey and planning: Conduct detailed surveys of the offshore operation area, including water depth, seabed topography, meteorological conditions, etc., and formulate detailed construction plans and safety plans.

[0077] (2) Equipment inspection: Strictly inspect the cranes, wire ropes, clasps and other rigging used for lifting to ensure that they are intact and meet safety standards.

[0078] (3) Personnel training: Provide professional training to personnel involved in lifting operations to ensure that they are familiar with the lifting process and safe operating procedures.

[0079] 2. Assembly at the dock

[0080] 2.1 Assembling tooling 10

[0081] In order to improve the accuracy of the ground assembly of the bracket and ensure the stability and safety of the structure, a temporary assembly tool 10 is set up during the assembly of the bracket. When assembling the tool 10, it is necessary to ensure that the positions of each component are accurate and the tilt angle is strictly controlled within 15°. When connecting the components of the tool 10, high-quality welding methods are used to precisely weld each connection point to ensure the integrity and stability of the tool 10 structure. This measure effectively improves the accuracy of the assembly of offshore photovoltaic structures based on the truss system and lays a solid foundation for subsequent installation and use.

[0082] 2.2 Assembly of load-bearing modules

[0083] The offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is mainly composed of a support unit 2 (four-corner diagonal braces), a connection unit (front and rear cross braces) and a bracket unit 1 (truss platform). The four-corner diagonal braces are formed by inverting four rods to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid and connected to the upper truss platform formed by combining the trusses 7 vertically and horizontally to form a load-bearing module. The load-bearing module is connected to four or six piles 3 fixed to the seabed through four or six inverted quadrangular pyramid connection structures, and then the front and rear braces are used to connect the upper structure between the front and rear rows of piles 3 to form a stable overall support system for offshore photovoltaic components, ensuring that the structure remains stable under the action of wind, waves, currents, snow and ice.

[0084] 2.2.1 Truss platform construction

[0085] First, multiple trusses 7 need to be combined vertically and horizontally to form an upper truss platform. This process requires precise measurement of the position and angle of each truss 7 to ensure that they can be accurately spliced ​​together. During the splicing process, high-strength connectors (such as bolts, welded joints, etc.) are used to firmly connect the trusses 7 together to form a stable and integrated platform. The selection and installation of connectors must strictly comply with design specifications to ensure that they can withstand the expected loads and environmental impacts.

[0086] 2.2.2 Assembly of four-corner braces and truss platform

[0087] Next, connect the four-corner diagonal braces to the upper truss platform to form the main structure of the inverted quad-cone truss. The installation of the four-corner diagonal braces requires precise control of their inclination angle and length to ensure that each inverted quad-cone structure can be correctly connected to the upper truss platform. During the installation process, professional measuring tools and methods are used to monitor and adjust to ensure the stability and firmness of each inverted quad-cone structure. At the same time, the connection parts must be strictly inspected and tested to ensure that they can withstand the expected load and deformation.

[0088] 2.2.3 Connection between base 6 and inverted quad-cone truss main structure

[0089] After the main structure of the inverted quadrangular pyramid truss is assembled, the base 6 is installed on the main structure of the inverted quadrangular pyramid truss according to the design drawings, and they are firmly connected together using high-strength bolts or welding. The selection and installation of the connection method and tools must take into account the special requirements of the marine environment, such as corrosion resistance and wind and wave resistance. At the same time, the connection parts must be strictly inspected and tested to ensure that they can withstand the expected load and environmental impact.

[0090] Furthermore, it is necessary to drive pile foundation 3 into the seabed in advance. The installation of pile foundation 3 needs to ensure that it penetrates deep enough into the seabed, and professional equipment and methods are used to monitor and adjust it to ensure its stability and safety.

[0091] 2.2.4 Front and rear support rod installation and overall adjustment

[0092] Front and rear struts are installed between the upper structures between the front and rear rows of pile foundations 3 to enhance overall stability. The installation of the front and rear struts requires precise control of their position and angle, and the use of high-strength connectors to firmly connect them to the side-by-side trusses 7 or support units 2. During the installation process, the entire structure must also be inspected and adjusted in detail to ensure that all connection parts are firm and reliable. Finally, necessary tests such as static load tests and dynamic load tests are carried out to verify the stability and safety of the structure.

[0093] 2.2.5 Photovoltaic module assembly

[0094] Before installing the photovoltaic module panels, each supporting module needs to be carefully inspected and cleaned to ensure that its surface is dry, free of obstacles and intact. At the same time, the photovoltaic module panels themselves also need to be strictly inspected, including removing dust, oil and other impurities on the surface, and checking whether it is damaged, deformed or cracked, and ensuring that its electrical connections are intact.

[0095] Next, according to the design drawings and the actual situation on site, determine the installation position of the photovoltaic module panels on each truss platform, and use marking tools to mark the installation boundaries and fixing points. According to the size and weight of the photovoltaic module panels, select appropriate brackets and fixings for installation, and firmly fix them on the corresponding truss platform. During the installation process, special attention should be paid to not damage the surface of the photovoltaic module panels. After completing the installation of the photovoltaic module panels, start the electrical connection and debugging work. Carry out cable routing according to the design drawings of the photovoltaic system to ensure the safety and firmness of the cables, and use special cable clamps or fixings to fix them on the truss 7. Next, use the correct connector to connect the cable to the electrical connection part of the photovoltaic module panel, and insulate it to ensure its safety. Finally, debug the entire photovoltaic system, check whether the various parameters meet the design requirements, and perform necessary tests to ensure the normal operation and stability of the system.

[0096] In the present invention, a plurality of truss platforms of the bearing modules are spliced ​​into an integral truss structure, a lifting point 8 is arranged on the truss structure, and a distance between the photovoltaic module panels near the lifting point 8 and the corresponding lifting point 8 is a second preset distance, that is, when the photovoltaic module panels are installed, they avoid the predetermined lifting point 8, such as Figure 6 As shown, the avoidance distance is determined by the technicians according to the actual working conditions.

[0097] S2. Transporting the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system from land to the offshore construction area;

[0098] S3, lifting and adjusting the position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system in the air so that it is aligned with the pile foundation 3 on the seabed;

[0099] S4, adjusting the distance between adjacent pile foundations 3 to align the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation 3 for a second time, and connecting the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation 3 after the second alignment.

[0100] Preferably, S4 is specifically:

[0101] S41, after one alignment, obtaining a pile foundation 3 that does not correspond to the position of a base 6 of an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, the base 6 being used to be connected to the pile foundation 3;

[0102] S42, using hinges and slings to sequentially correct the positions of the pile foundations 3 that do not correspond to the positions of the base 6, until all the pile foundations 3 are aligned with the base 6 for a second time.

[0103] The present invention uses hinges and slings to correct the position of the pile foundation 3, avoiding the use of a large amount of manpower and complex mechanical equipment that may be required in traditional methods, thereby reducing installation costs. At the same time, this correction method also reduces the time personnel spend on the seabed, reduces safety risks, and improves construction safety; and through precise alignment and correction processes, it ensures a tight connection between the base 6 of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation 3. This tight connection not only improves the overall stability of the structure, but also enhances the structure's ability to resist the marine environment (such as wind and waves, tides, etc.), and extends the service life of the structure.

[0104] S43, after the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is connected to the pile foundation 3 after the secondary alignment, it also includes: translating the photovoltaic component panels until each lifting point 8 is covered.

[0105] The present invention successfully solves the complex problem of difficult alignment during the overall installation process by aligning the pile foundation and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system twice. This method not only improves the installation efficiency, but also significantly enhances the stability and safety of the structure.

[0106] The following is a specific embodiment of steps S2-S4, and the step numbers are the same as those of the embodiment of step S1:

[0107] 3. Adjustment of hoisting position

[0108] 3.1 Preliminary hoisting: Slowly lift the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system by 200 mm (or to a certain height), then stop lifting and conduct preliminary observation and adjustment.

[0109] 3.2 Stress check: Assign a special person to observe the stress conditions of ropes, crane legs, booms, steel trusses, etc., and continue lifting after confirmation.

[0110] 3.3 Alignment and positioning

[0111] (1) Precise adjustment: During the hoisting process, the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is precisely adjusted according to the pre-set installation position to ensure that it is aligned with the installation point.

[0112] (2) Fixed support: When the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is close to the installation location, set up safe temporary support points for initial fixation.

[0113] (3) Precise positioning: With the help of temporary supports, the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is precisely positioned and firmly welded.

[0114] Wire rope lifting points are arranged around the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system, and two cranes are used to lift it simultaneously for trial lifting. During the lifting process, the overall stability of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system must be ensured to avoid deformation caused by inconsistent lifting angles.

[0115] The adjustment of the hoisting is mainly to confirm that each tool can be used normally and the connection of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is reliable.

[0116] 4. Ship in position

[0117] 4.1 The barge crane unit is in place

[0118] The ship's stationing position can be roughly located by the ship positioning system, and then accurately located by GPS. The center of the barge crane unit is finally located at the same longitude as the center of the sub-array 13, and the vertical distance between the port side of the ship and the pile center of the sub-array edge is 5 meters. Figure 6 As shown, the barge crane unit drops anchor with the cooperation of the anchor boat, and the anchor length is 200m. In this embodiment, the maximum operating radius of the barge crane is 6m, the minimum lifting weight is 50t, and the boom length is 4m.

[0119] 4.2 Transport Ship 11 is in place

[0120] like Figure 4 As shown, when the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is loaded as a whole, it is as close to the bow as possible, but it is necessary to ensure that the transport ship 11 can sail normally. The transport ship 11 enters the construction site and berths on the starboard side of the barge crane unit.

[0121] 5. Test hoisting at the dock

[0122] The barge crane unit is about 10 meters away from the harbor, and the lifting angle of the pole is 50°. After the overall assembly of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is completed, it is placed at the front of the dock in a horizontal 0° posture. After the bracket is lifted horizontally at a uniform speed of about 0.3 meters using the barge crane unit, the lifting speed is no more than 5m / min, and it is left to hover in the air for 5 minutes to observe whether there are any abnormalities. If there are any abnormalities, the barge crane unit should be commanded in time to drop the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system back to the dock for processing. The main purpose of the dock trial lifting is to ensure the reliable connection between the barge crane unit and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system.

[0123] 6. Wharf hoisting

[0124] When the dock trial lifting is normal, the commanding party's barge crane unit will continue to lift at a constant speed to 2.5 meters to 3 meters, and then hover in the air. Then, the electric hoist hanging on one side of the rotating lifting beam will start to lift the maintenance channel side at a constant speed and slowly, and the lifting speed shall not exceed 0.5m / min.

[0125] Before lifting, the guy ropes need to be tied at the predetermined positions on both sides of the grid to prevent the grid from shifting sideways during the lifting process and causing turbulence. The hanging points of the guy ropes should be symmetrical to the hanging points on one side of the boom.

[0126] 7. Maritime transport

[0127] The wind speed during the overall transportation of offshore photovoltaic structures based on the truss system shall not exceed level 6. When there is heavy fog, heavy rain, and the waves are too strong and the ship is shaking violently, transportation and lifting are prohibited. In extreme weather, the transport barge and all operating vessels will go to the dock to take shelter, and go to the construction site to continue construction when the weather conditions permit and after receiving the marine dispatch order.

[0128] During the overall transportation of offshore photovoltaic structures based on the truss system, the navigation must be strictly planned according to the transportation route. During the entire route operation, all instructions issued by the ship and engine dispatcher must be executed to ensure the safety of the ship.

[0129] 8. Vessel stationing

[0130] 8.1 cubic meter barge crane unit stationed

[0131] In order to avoid interference between the piling ship and the barge crane unit used for the installation of offshore photovoltaic structures based on the truss system, a certain operating space must be reserved. The barge crane unit can enter the construction site to drop anchor only after the piling ship completes the pile sinking operation, that is, the pile foundation 3 required for the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is completed. The ship can be positioned using the ship positioning system and dropped anchor with the cooperation of the anchor tugboat. The anchor length is 400m.

[0132] 8.2 Transport Ship 11 Station

[0133] After the transport ship 11 enters the construction site, it drops anchor at the pre-installation position. The barge crane unit winches the anchor toward the transport ship 11, winches to the starboard side of the transport ship, lifts the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system as a whole, and then winches the anchor to the installation position. During the whole process of the barge crane unit being hinged to the transport ship 11, the tow anchor is always in a relaxed and forceless state.

[0134] 9. Overall lifting of offshore photovoltaic structures based on truss systems

[0135] Before hoisting the truss system of offshore photovoltaic structure, carefully check whether the lifting points and components are damaged or cracked. After checking, slowly lift the structure under the command of the hoisting commander. The hoisting process is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a suspension beam 9 is further provided between the suspension rope and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system. The suspension beam 9 is an intermediate component connecting the suspension rope and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system. Its design takes into account the weight distribution of the photovoltaic structure, the selection of the lifting point, and the stress during the lifting process, ensuring that the photovoltaic structure can be stably and evenly stressed during the lifting process, avoiding structural damage or deformation caused by excessive local stress. At the same time, the use of the suspension beam 9 also simplifies the lifting operation, improves the lifting efficiency, and reduces the installation cost.

[0136] 10. Welding of offshore photovoltaic structure and pile foundation 3 based on truss system

[0137] 10.1 Docking of offshore photovoltaic structure based on truss system and pile foundation 3

[0138] The offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is hoisted as a whole to the pile top position, and the winch wind rope on the square barge crane unit is used to connect the offshore photovoltaic structure support based on the truss system with the pile top through fine-tuning. If a pile top does not align with the support, the pile foundation 3 is connected to the adjacent pile foundation 3 by a hinge and two slings. The position of the pile foundation 3 is corrected by slowly tightening the hinge until all the pile foundations 3 are aligned with the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system, and the base 6 on the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is inserted into the pile top so that the pile top flange and the base flange surface are completely in contact.

[0139] 10.2 Installing the electric hanging basket for welding

[0140] Before the overall lifting of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system, the steel wire rope used by the hanging basket is hung on the support node. After the overall lifting of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is completed, the unpowered square barge is towed to the side of the pile foundation 3 by a transport boat, and the square barge is stuck in the pile body through the groove of the square barge. The side of the square barge in contact with the pile foundation 3 is covered with foam to prevent the hull from damaging the anti-corrosion layer of the pile foundation 3.

[0141] Move the electric hanging basket on the barge and connect it to the wire rope, turn on the electric hanging basket and run it at a height of 2m without load for 2 to 3 times. After observing that there is no abnormality, the hanging basket can be used normally. Send the welding workers to the top of the pile for welding.

[0142] 11. Installation of photovoltaic modules at 8 lifting points

[0143] After the overall welding is completed, the installation workers will reinstall the photovoltaic panel components on the lifting point 8. The detachable platform used to reinstall the photovoltaic panel components has been installed before the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is shipped. After the photovoltaic panel components are reinstalled, they can be disassembled. As mentioned above, before the overall lifting of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system, the photovoltaic panel components to be reinstalled are fixed in advance on both sides of the lifting point 8. The installation workers only need to move the photovoltaic panel components to be reinstalled to the designated position.

[0144] The design of the present invention ensures that the photovoltaic module panels can evenly distribute the load after installation through precise calculation and design, avoiding the problem of local stress concentration caused by the lifting point 8. At the same time, the operation of translating the photovoltaic module panels to cover the lifting point 8 also enhances the stability and safety of the entire structure and reduces the safety risks caused by structural instability.

[0145] Furthermore, the design of the present invention also takes into account the convenience of later maintenance and replacement. Since the photovoltaic module panels are reserved with a second preset distance from the lifting point 8 during installation and are translated and covered after installation, it is easier to find the lifting point 8 and perform lifting operations during later maintenance or replacement, thereby reducing maintenance costs and time costs.

[0146] 12. Completion acceptance

[0147] After the completion of each construction process, a joint acceptance will be carried out in accordance with the quality acceptance requirements. After passing the acceptance, subsequent construction will begin, and the finished products will be protected at the same time.

[0148] 13. As shown in Table 1, this is the labor organization staffing table of this embodiment:

[0149] Table 1 Staffing table

[0150] Serial number Position Title Number of staff Main work content 1 crew 34 Mechanical operation, navigation control 2 Crane commander 2 Lifting command 3 surveyor 2 Measurement 4 electrician 1 Electrical work 5 welder 4 welding 6 Installer 5 Component Installation 7 Painter 4 Anti-corrosion paint 8 General Worker 5 Auxiliary construction

[0151] 14. As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, they are the material configuration table and the mechanical configuration table:

[0152] Table 2 Material configuration table

[0153] Serial number name Specification unit quantity 1 Cable rope 5t strip 2 2 Special lifting beam 30 tons indivual 1 3 RH02-80 sling 1 L=25m strip 4 4 RH01-50 sling 1 L=4.3m strip 2 5 RH01-50 sling 1 L=9.3m strip 2 6 B type shackle Alloy Steel S-BX85-3 indivual 4 7 B type shackle Alloy steel S-BX55-21 / 2 indivual 8 8 Transport tooling 18.6m×34.6m set 1 9 RTK / tower 2 10 Intercom / set 5 11 Steel measuring tape 10m, 20m indivual 5 each 12 Tower ruler 5m tower 1

[0154] Table 3 Mechanical Equipment Table

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] 14. Quality Control

[0158] 14.1 Quality Acceptance Criteria

[0159] (1) "Specifications for Construction of Photovoltaic Power Stations" (GB 50794-2012)

[0160] (2) "Specifications for Acceptance of Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects" (GB / T 50796-2012)

[0161] (3) Code for Welding of Steel Structures (GB50661-2011)

[0162] (4) "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering" (GB50205-2020)

[0163] (5) "Code for Construction of Steel Structure Engineering" (GB50755-2012)

[0164] (6) "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structure Engineering" (GB 50205-2020)

[0165] (7) "Dimensions, shapes, weights and tolerances of hot-rolled steel plates and strips" (GB / T709-2019)

[0166] (8) "Surface rust grade and rust removal grade of steel before painting" (GB8923-2011)

[0167] (10) "Construction Quality Acceptance Standard for Building Corrosion Protection Projects" (GB / T 50224-2018)

[0168] 14.2 Quality Control Requirements

[0169] (1) All incoming raw materials, equipment and components shall be inspected for appearance quality and checked for material quality certificates that comply with national regulations to ensure quality. The materials shall be reported to the supervising engineer for acceptance. Uninspected, unaccepted or unqualified products shall not be put into use.

[0170] (2) Before construction, drawings should be reviewed, quality control points should be set, and technical instructions should be given to ensure that the work complies with the specifications and drawing requirements.

[0171] (3) The processes of hoisting the entire pier, sea transportation and lifting must be carried out strictly in accordance with the specifications, and the next process can only be carried out after the previous process has been accepted.

[0172] (4) Regularly check and update equipment, tools and instruments, and regularly update measurements to ensure the integrity, reliability and accuracy of equipment and tools. Combine random inspections with special inspections of installation materials, and strictly control them at all levels. Unqualified products should be replaced or returned in a timely manner, and their use is strictly prohibited.

[0173] 15. Security Measures

[0174] 15.1 Carefully implement the national guidelines, policies, and regulations on production safety and the various safety construction regulations of the construction unit. Ensure that the ideas, organization, responsibilities, and measures are in place in terms of safe and civilized construction management, and strictly organize construction according to the construction system.

[0175] 15.2 Safety helmets and personal labor protection equipment must be worn correctly when entering the site.

[0176] 15.3 Construction vessels 12 should use existing waterways when navigating in the construction sea area and avoid entering fishing areas, shoal areas and sand mining areas.

[0177] 15.4 Safety warning signs must be set up near the construction area to prevent non-construction vessels12 from entering the construction area and causing accidents.

[0178] 15.5 The construction vessel 12 must maintain open communication with the dispatch room day and night and display effective navigation, mooring and operation signals as required.

[0179] 15.6 Before installing each bracket, complete safety technical briefings, including the bracket weight, hanging point layout, dimensions, etc., to fully understand the objective factors.

[0180] 15.7 Before lifting operations, the reliability and safety of the lifting equipment components must be strictly checked, with a focus on special inspections of key materials such as wire ropes and shackles to ensure that the materials are not damaged. A trial lift should be carried out, and the horizontal lifting should be controlled within 1m and inspected.

[0181] 15.8 After the ship’s position is determined, all anchor cables should be tightened during installation. Strict attention should be paid to wind and waves, and the tightness of each cable should be adjusted at any time to ensure that the ship’s position is not affected by rising and falling water.

[0182] 15.9 When encountering severe weather conditions such as gale force 6 or above, heavy fog, thunderstorm, storm, etc., construction vessels 12 are prohibited from conducting water operations and must take shelter according to the wind resistance level of each construction vessel 12.

[0183] 16. Environmental protection measures

[0184] 16.1 During the construction process, low-noise and low-vibration construction machinery and tools should be used first, and sound insulation and vibration isolation measures should be taken. For high-noise machinery (such as winches, electric drills, tractors, etc.), the spread of strong noise should be reduced. Construction workers should use ear protectors when using power tools to prevent noise from harming the human body.

[0185] 16.2 On-site construction and domestic waste must be cleared away after all work and materials are used up, and special personnel must be assigned to clean up regularly.

[0186] 16.3 For all construction vessels 12, it is strictly prohibited to dump domestic garbage, feces, etc. into the water. Waste oil and waste generated by ship repair and daily maintenance should have special collection boxes and be handled regularly. Special operation vessels should have dedicated personnel to prevent materials from being dumped into the water during the operation, which will cause environmental pollution and material waste.

[0187] 16.4 The anchoring and signal lights of the ship shall be set up strictly in accordance with the requirements of the government departments. All newly added mooring buoys shall be recorded immediately and reported to the supervising engineer or the owner once they are arranged. After the completion of the project, all of them shall be removed and the removal records shall be reported.

[0188] 16.5 Construction vessel 12 shall keep sufficient pollution prevention equipment and facilities, strictly abide by relevant regulations, and take preventive measures to prevent oil, oily mixtures and other wastes from polluting the sea area.

[0189] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0190] (1) The present invention connects multiple bearing modules into a whole and uses a connecting unit to reinforce the multiple bearing modules, so that the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system can be assembled as a whole on land, effectively solving the technical problems of difficult construction and high stability requirements of offshore photovoltaic structures;

[0191] (2) The present invention determines corresponding lifting points on a plurality of bracket units and reserves a second preset distance from the lifting points when installing the photovoltaic module panels, thereby achieving accurate positioning and efficient lifting of the photovoltaic module panels during the installation process, which not only simplifies the installation steps and improves the installation efficiency, but also ensures that the photovoltaic module panels are not damaged during the installation process, thereby ensuring the installation quality;

[0192] (3) After the connection between the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation is completed, the photovoltaic module panels are translated until each lifting point is covered, thereby further optimizing the layout of the photovoltaic module panels. This layout method not only improves the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module panels and ensures the maximization of sunlight reception, but also avoids the influence of the lifting points on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module panels;

[0193] (4) The present invention lifts and adjusts the position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system in the air so that it can be aligned with the pile foundation on the seabed. This significantly improves the initial installation accuracy and reduces the workload of subsequent adjustments. After the first alignment, flexible and efficient tools such as hinges and slings are used to correct the position of the pile foundation that does not correspond to the base position. This method is not only easy to operate, but also can quickly respond and adjust the position of the pile foundation until all the pile foundations are aligned with the base for the second time. This optimized correction method ensures the accuracy and stability of the installation and reduces errors and uncertainties during the installation process.

[0194] The above are only a few embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application is disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, using the technical content disclosed above to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. An offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of load-bearing modules connected in parallel, each of which comprises a bracket unit, a connecting unit and a plurality of supporting units; The bracket unit is tilted at a preset angle for mounting photovoltaic module panels; A plurality of the support units are arranged at a first preset distance at the bottom end of the bracket unit, and are used to support the bracket unit and connect with a pile foundation pre-driven into the seabed; The connection units are connected to the support modules in adjacent rows / columns to reinforce the support modules in adjacent rows / columns.

2. The offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection unit includes a plurality of lateral subunits and a plurality of cross subunits; Each transverse subunit is arranged on a group of support units corresponding to the load-bearing modules in adjacent rows / columns, and is used to reinforce the load-bearing modules in adjacent rows / columns; Each cross sub-unit is arranged between adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules, and each leg of the cross sub-unit is respectively connected to a corresponding support unit, so as to reinforce the adjacent rows / columns of load-bearing modules.

3. The offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support unit includes four inclined rods and a base; One ends of the four oblique rods are connected to the bracket unit, and the other ends of the four oblique rods converge at a vertex to form an inverted quadrangular pyramid shape; The base is arranged on the vertex and is used for connecting the pile foundation.

4. The offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The base is sleeve-shaped, and one end of the base connected to the pile foundation is open; The size of the opening is larger than the size of the pile foundation.

5. A method for constructing an offshore photovoltaic structure based on a truss system, characterized in that: Applied to the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprises the following steps: Assembling offshore photovoltaic structures based on truss systems on land; Transporting the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system from land to an offshore construction area; Lifting and adjusting the position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system in the air so that it is aligned with the pile foundation on the seabed; The spacing between adjacent pile foundations is adjusted to achieve secondary alignment of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation, and the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation are connected after the secondary alignment.

6. The offshore photovoltaic structure construction method based on the truss system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Assemble the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system on land, specifically: Assembling multiple load-bearing modules one after another on land; Determine corresponding lifting points on a plurality of bracket units, and install the photovoltaic module panel at a preset position of the bracket unit, wherein the preset position is separated from the lifting point by a second preset distance; Correspondingly, after the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is connected to the pile foundation after the secondary alignment, it also includes: translating the photovoltaic component panels until each lifting point is covered.

7. The offshore photovoltaic structure construction method based on the truss system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent pile foundations is adjusted to achieve secondary alignment between the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system and the pile foundation, specifically: After one alignment, a pile foundation that does not correspond to the base position of the offshore photovoltaic structure based on the truss system is obtained, and the base is used to be connected to the pile foundation; Hinges and slings are used to correct the positions of pile foundations that do not correspond to the positions of the base in sequence until all pile foundations are aligned with the base for the second time.

8. The offshore photovoltaic structure construction method based on the truss system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Multiple load-bearing modules are assembled sequentially on land, specifically: A tooling with a preset tilt angle is arranged on land, and a plurality of bearing modules are assembled on the tooling in sequence.

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