Tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco production, and discloses a tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing, and the method comprises the following steps: soil foundation determination; applying a base fertilizer; transplanting and fertilizing; field topdressing; fertilizing in a vigorous growth period; management after fertilization: the nitrogen content of the soil is measured again 7-10 days after each time of topdressing, the fertilization frequency and dosage are adjusted according to monitoring data, stable nitrogen supply of the tobacco is ensured, and tobacco reviving or nitrogen fertilizer waste caused by excessive fertilization is avoided. By monitoring nitrogen ions in soil in real time, application of the nitrogen fertilizer is accurately regulated and controlled, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and tobacco growth is optimized. The precise fertilization method based on the ion selective electrode technology aims at solving the problems that in traditional fertilization, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is difficult to precisely control, waste is caused, and tobacco leaves turn green. By monitoring the soil nitrogen ion concentration in real time and adjusting the fertilization amount according to the growth stage, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, the tobacco growth environment is optimized, and the tobacco yield and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco leaf production, and in particular to a tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing. Background Art

[0002] Traditional fertilization methods in tobacco cultivation rely on experience and ignore the dynamic changes of soil nitrogen and the impact of climate, resulting in unbalanced fertilizer use, waste of resources and soil degradation, acidification or salinization, which in turn affects tobacco growth and quality. Excessive nitrogen application may also lead to quality problems such as green tobacco, weakening the market competitiveness of tobacco leaves. The Dali tobacco-growing area has diverse soil types, changeable climate, and frequent alternations between rain and drought, making precise fertilization more difficult. Therefore, accurately controlling the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application in response to soil nitrogen changes and climatic conditions has become the key to improving tobacco yield and quality. Ion-selective electrode technology can accurately obtain nitrogen data in the soil by monitoring the nitrogen ion concentration in the soil in real time. This technology uses sensors to detect nitrate (NO 3 - ) and ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) and other nitrogen ion concentrations to obtain dynamic changes in soil nitrogen. The ion-selective electrode sensor is connected to external devices via a Wi-Fi module. Farmers can check the current nitrogen level in the soil through their mobile phones or other smart devices and get real-time recommendations on the amount of fertilizer needed.

[0003] Although there are some fertilization methods based on soil nutrient monitoring and climate prediction (such as patent application number 2021107522464, a rapeseed variable fertilization control system and method based on fertility sensor, the control system includes: a field information acquisition module, a fertilizer machine information acquisition module and a fertilization control module; the field information acquisition module and the fertilizer machine information acquisition module are both connected to the fertilization control module; the field information acquisition module is used to detect the content of nutrient elements in the soil and the temperature and humidity of the soil; the fertilizer machine information acquisition module is used to obtain the position and speed of the fertilizer machine; the fertilization control module is used to adjust the nutrient content according to the content of the nutrient elements. The amount of fertilizer is determined by the amount, temperature, humidity, position and speed. Although the field information collection module is set to directly collect the content of nutrient elements in the soil, as well as the temperature and humidity of the soil, combined with the real-time position and real-time speed of the fertilizer machine, the amount of fertilizer is adjusted in real time according to local conditions, thereby improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, but these methods are usually complex, costly, difficult to implement, and fail to fully adapt to the special needs of Dali tobacco areas. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a technology that can accurately control the amount and timing of fertilizer application based on the soil and climate conditions of Dali tobacco areas to improve tobacco planting efficiency, reduce fertilizer waste, and improve tobacco leaf quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing to solve the problems in the prior art that the method is complex, costly, difficult to implement, and cannot fully meet the special needs of Dali tobacco-growing areas.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing comprising:

[0007] Before tobacco is transplanted, a nitrate ion selective electrode and an ammonium ion selective electrode are used; wherein the nitrate ion selective electrode is used to measure the content of nitrate nitrogen, and the ammonium ion selective electrode is used to measure the content of ammonium nitrogen;

[0008] Apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco formula fertilizer in combination with deep tillage of the soil;

[0009] When transplanting, cover the ground with film and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and water the plants to establish roots when transplanting;

[0010] After transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the initial nitrogen determination of the soil needs to be carried out 15 days before tobacco transplanting;

[0012] 7 days before transplanting, use tobacco formula fertilizer combined with deep tillage of the soil to 25-30 cm.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, 0.5-1 kg of rooting water is applied during transplanting; the tobacco seedlings used during transplanting should be 55 to 65 days old, with a stem height of 8 to 12 cm, a stem circumference of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, and 5 to 7 leaves per plant.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, 30 days after transplanting, 500 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu is diluted with water and 0.5 kg is irrigated per plant.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vigorous growth period is 45-50 days after transplanting, and the amount of potassium nitrate fertilizer applied is 15 to 20 kilograms per mu.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in post-fertilization management, the soil nitrogen content is measured again 7-10 days after each topdressing, and the fertilization frequency and amount are adjusted according to the monitoring data.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of carrying out initial nitrogen determination on soil comprises the following steps:

[0018] Prepare nitrate ion selective electrodes and ammonium ion selective electrodes for measuring the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil; at the same time, intelligent control units and wireless communication modules are used to analyze sensor data and optimize fertilization strategies;

[0019] In the tobacco growing area, multiple sampling points are selected and soil samples are collected using a soil sampler; 3-5 repeated samples need to be collected at each sampling point; the collected soil samples are placed in a beaker filled with distilled water, stirred and allowed to stand to dissolve the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil into the water; a nitrate ion selective electrode and an ammonium ion selective electrode are respectively inserted into the solution in the beaker to measure the concentrations of nitrate ions and ammonium ions;

[0020] The test results are recorded in a table, and the data of each sampling point are averaged to obtain the average content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the regional soil; the test results are transmitted to the intelligent control unit to analyze the relationship between soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth requirements and optimize fertilization strategies; the intelligent control unit will calculate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied based on factors such as soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth stage;

[0021] All measurement results and fertilization strategies are transmitted to the cloud server via wireless communication technology; at the same time, the intelligent control unit receives feedback information from the cloud and adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0023] The intelligent control unit analyzes the growth stage of tobacco through integrated image recognition technology; by comparing the appearance characteristics of tobacco plants and matching them with the growth stage model in the database, the current growth stage of tobacco is determined;

[0024] The intelligent control unit collects temperature, humidity and light environmental factors related to tobacco growth; the decision-making algorithm inside the intelligent control unit comprehensively considers soil nitrogen content, tobacco growth stage and environmental factors to calculate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied;

[0025] The intelligent control unit adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time according to the changes in soil nitrogen content after fertilization and the feedback from tobacco growth.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0027] Determine the weight coefficient of each sensor, which reflects the importance of different sensors on the fertilization strategy; after calculating the measurement value of each sensor, combine it with the custom function;

[0028] The actual measured soil nitrogen content is converted into a relative value through a function; the fertilization strategy is adjusted according to the relative value of the soil nitrogen content;

[0029] The effect of ambient temperature on fertilization strategy is considered through a function; the nitrogen fertilizer application adjustment coefficient at the location is calculated.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, a custom function describes the relationship between the crop growth status index and the actual measurement value, and considers the variability of the nitrogen fertilizer response to convert the sensor data into a reference value for the fertilization strategy.

[0031] The present invention monitors the nitrogen ions in the soil in real time, accurately controls the application of nitrogen fertilizer, improves the fertilizer utilization efficiency, and optimizes tobacco growth. This embodiment is to solve the problem that traditional fertilization is difficult to accurately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in waste and tobacco leaves turning green, and is a precise fertilization method based on ion selective electrode (ISE) technology; by real-time monitoring of soil nitrogen ion concentration, adjusting the amount of fertilizer according to the growth stage, improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, reducing environmental pollution, optimizing tobacco growth environment, and improving tobacco yield and quality. This embodiment monitors the soil nitrogen dynamics through ion selective electrodes, realizes staged precise fertilization, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency; reduces excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, avoids tobacco turning green and nitrogen loss in farmland, and reduces environmental pollution; optimizes tobacco nitrogen management, improves tobacco leaf quality, and improves economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of steps of an embodiment of a method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to tobacco based on ion sensing according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic flow chart of the steps of performing initial nitrogen determination on soil in one embodiment of the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of the steps for calculating the nitrogen fertilizer application amount according to an embodiment of the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic flow chart of the steps of transmitting all measurement results and fertilization strategies to a cloud server via wireless communication technology in one embodiment of the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The terms "first", "second" and "third" in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" and "third" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0038] Reference to an "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing. In this embodiment, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] Step S1: Soil basic determination: 15 days before tobacco transplanting, the soil was initially tested for nitrogen using a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) to determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen;

[0041] Step S2: Application of basal fertilizer: 7 days before transplanting, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco-specific formula fertilizer, combined with deep plowing of the soil 25-30 cm to promote uniform distribution of fertilizer;

[0042] Step S3: Transplanting and fertilization: during transplanting, cover the ground with mulch and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (controlled-release urea) to ensure that the tobacco seedlings have a continuous nitrogen supply in the early growth stage, and irrigate with 0.5-1 kg of rooting water during transplanting;

[0043] Among them, the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting should be 55 to 65 days old, with a stem height of 8 to 12 cm, a stem circumference of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, and 5 to 7 leaves per plant.

[0044] Step S4: topdressing the field: 30 days after transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing, with 500 kg of water per mu, and 0.5 kg per plant evenly irrigated;

[0045] Step S5: Fertilization during the vigorous growth period: When the vigorous growth period comes (45-50 days after transplanting), the soil nitrogen content is monitored again, and topdressing is performed according to actual needs. Potassium nitrate fertilizer (KNO 3 ≥99%), the dosage is 15 to 20 kg per mu; irrigation should be carried out in time after topdressing to ensure that the fertilizer effect is fully exerted;

[0046] Step S6: Management after fertilization. Measure the soil nitrogen content again 7-10 days after each topdressing. Adjust the frequency and amount of fertilization according to the monitoring data to ensure a stable nitrogen supply for tobacco and avoid excessive fertilization that causes tobacco to turn green or waste of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0047] Preferably, in step S1 of this embodiment, soil basic determination is performed 15 days before tobacco transplanting by using a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 +-ISE) determines the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil, which can accurately grasp the initial nitrogen level of the soil. Significance: It provides a scientific basis for fertilization and avoids blind fertilization; through precise measurement, a reasonable fertilization plan can be formulated according to the actual nitrogen content of the soil to ensure that the nitrogen demand of tobacco in the early stage of growth is met, while avoiding environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen. Step S2: Application of basal fertilizer. 7 days before transplanting, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis, combined with deep plowing of 25-30 cm to promote uniform distribution of fertilizer. Significance: The application of basal fertilizer provides sufficient nitrogen nutrition for the early growth of tobacco, and deep plowing of the soil ensures the uniform distribution of fertilizer in the soil, avoiding excessive or low local fertilizer concentrations; it lays a solid foundation for the root development and early growth of tobacco. Step S3: Transplanting and fertilization. During transplanting, cover the ground with mulch and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (controlled-release urea) to ensure that the tobacco seedlings receive a continuous supply of nitrogen in the early growth stage. Significance: Mulching can effectively maintain soil temperature and humidity and reduce water evaporation. At the same time, the application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can provide tobacco with a continuous and stable nitrogen supply and avoid nitrogen loss; it ensures that tobacco has sufficient nitrogen supply during the critical growth period after transplanting and promotes the healthy growth of tobacco seedlings. Step S4: Field topdressing. 30 days after transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen. Use topdressing, 500 kg of water per mu, and evenly irrigate 0.5 kg per plant. Significance: Carry out precise topdressing according to the changes in nitrogen demand during tobacco growth to ensure that the nitrogen supply matches the growth needs of tobacco; through uniform irrigation, it can avoid uneven nitrogen distribution, reduce fertilizer waste, and promote rapid growth of tobacco. Step S5: Fertilization during the vigorous growth period. Enter the vigorous growth period (45-50 days after transplanting), monitor the soil nitrogen content again, and apply topdressing according to actual needs. Apply fertilizer (KNO 3 ≥99%), the dosage is 15 to 20 kg per mu. Significance: The vigorous growth period is the most vigorous stage for tobacco, and the demand for nitrogen is relatively large; by monitoring the soil nitrogen content again, the demand for fertilization can be accurately judged to ensure that tobacco obtains sufficient nitrogen supply during the vigorous growth period, promote rapid leaf growth and quality improvement; timely irrigation after topdressing can ensure that the fertilizer is fully dissolved and absorbed by the tobacco, thereby improving the fertilizer utilization rate. Step S6 management after fertilization, measure the soil nitrogen content again 7-10 days after each topdressing, and adjust the fertilization frequency and amount according to the monitoring data. Significance: By dynamically monitoring the soil nitrogen content, the fertilization strategy can be adjusted in time to ensure a stable nitrogen supply for tobacco and avoid excessive fertilization that causes tobacco to turn green or waste of nitrogen fertilizer; through refined management, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be maximized and the risk of environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0048] This embodiment monitors the nitrogen ions in the soil in real time, accurately controls the application of nitrogen fertilizer, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, and optimizes tobacco growth. This embodiment is a precision fertilization method based on ion selective electrode (ISE) technology to solve the problem that traditional fertilization is difficult to accurately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in waste and tobacco leaves turning green. By real-time monitoring of soil nitrogen ion concentration, the amount of fertilizer applied is adjusted according to the growth stage, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, environmental pollution is reduced, the tobacco growth environment is optimized, and the tobacco leaf yield and quality are increased. This embodiment monitors the soil nitrogen dynamics through ion selective electrodes to achieve staged precision fertilization and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency; reduce excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, avoid tobacco turning green and nitrogen loss in farmland, and reduce environmental pollution; optimize tobacco nitrogen management, improve tobacco leaf quality, and improve economic benefits.

[0049] In summary, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing in this embodiment can effectively improve the yield and quality of tobacco through precise soil nitrogen monitoring and scientific fertilization management, while reducing nitrogen fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. Each step is closely centered on the growth needs of tobacco, ensuring that the nitrogen supply matches the tobacco growth stage, and ultimately achieving efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable development of tobacco cultivation.

[0050] Furthermore, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing specifically comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step S1: Soil basic determination: 15 days before tobacco transplanting, the soil was initially tested for nitrogen using a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) to determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen;

[0052] Step S2: Application of basal fertilizer: 7 days before transplanting, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco-specific formula fertilizer, combined with deep plowing of the soil to 25 cm to promote uniform distribution of fertilizer;

[0053] Step S3: Transplanting and fertilization: during transplanting, cover the ground with mulch and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (controlled-release urea) to ensure that the tobacco seedlings have a continuous nitrogen supply in the early growth stage, and irrigate with 0.5 kg of rooting water during transplanting;

[0054] Among them, the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting should be 55 days old, with a stem height of 8 cm, a stem circumference of 1.5 cm, and 5 leaves per plant.

[0055] Step S4: topdressing the field: 30 days after transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing, with 500 kg of water per mu, and 0.5 kg per plant evenly irrigated;

[0056] Step S5: Fertilization during the vigorous growth period: When the vigorous growth period (45 days after transplanting) begins, the soil nitrogen content is monitored again, and topdressing is performed according to actual needs. Potassium nitrate fertilizer (KNO 3 ≥99%), the dosage is 15 kg per mu; irrigation should be carried out in time after topdressing to ensure that the fertilizer effect is fully exerted;

[0057] Step S6: Management after fertilization. Measure the soil nitrogen content again 7 days after each topdressing. Adjust the fertilization frequency and amount according to the monitoring data to ensure a stable nitrogen supply for tobacco and avoid excessive fertilization that causes tobacco to turn green or waste of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0058] Furthermore, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing specifically comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step S1: Soil basic determination: 15 days before tobacco transplanting, the soil was initially tested for nitrogen using a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) to determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen;

[0060] Step S2: Application of basal fertilizer: 7 days before transplanting, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco-specific formula fertilizer, combined with deep plowing of the soil 30 cm to promote uniform distribution of fertilizer;

[0061] Step S3: Transplanting and fertilization: cover the ground with mulch and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (controlled-release urea) to ensure that the tobacco seedlings have a continuous nitrogen supply in the early growth stage, and irrigate with 1 kg of rooting water during transplanting;

[0062] Among them, the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting should be 65 days old, with a stem height of 12 cm, a stem circumference of 2.0 cm, and 7 leaves per plant.

[0063] Step S4: topdressing the field: 30 days after transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing, with 500 kg of water per mu, and 0.5 kg per plant evenly irrigated;

[0064] Step S5: Fertilization during the vigorous growth period: When the vigorous growth period (50 days after transplanting) begins, the soil nitrogen content is monitored again, and topdressing is performed according to actual needs. Potassium nitrate fertilizer (KNO 3 ≥99%), the dosage is 20 kg per mu; irrigation should be carried out in time after topdressing to ensure that the fertilizer effect is fully exerted;

[0065] Step S6: Management after fertilization. Measure the soil nitrogen content again 10 days after each topdressing. Adjust the fertilization frequency and amount according to the monitoring data to ensure a stable nitrogen supply for tobacco and avoid excessive fertilization that causes tobacco to turn green or waste of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0066] Furthermore, the tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing specifically comprises the following steps:

[0067] Step S1: Soil basic determination: 15 days before tobacco transplanting, the soil was initially tested for nitrogen using a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) to determine the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen;

[0068] Step S2: Application of basal fertilizer: 7 days before transplanting, apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco-specific formula fertilizer, combined with deep plowing of the soil to 27 cm, to promote uniform distribution of fertilizer;

[0069] Step S3: Transplanting and fertilization: during transplanting, the soil is covered with mulch and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (controlled-release urea) is applied to ensure that the tobacco seedlings obtain a continuous nitrogen supply in the early growth stage. During transplanting, 0.7 kg of rooting water is poured;

[0070] Among them, the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting should be 60 days old, with a stem height of 10 cm, a stem circumference of 1.7 cm, and 6 leaves per plant.

[0071] Step S4: topdressing the field: 30 days after transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing, with 500 kg of water per mu, and 0.5 kg per plant evenly irrigated;

[0072] Step S5: Fertilization during the vigorous growth period: When the vigorous growth period (47 days after transplanting) begins, the soil nitrogen content is monitored again, and topdressing is performed according to actual needs. Potassium nitrate fertilizer (KNO 3 ≥99%), the dosage is 15 to 20 kg per mu; irrigation should be carried out in time after topdressing to ensure that the fertilizer effect is fully exerted;

[0073] Step S6: Management after fertilization: measure the soil nitrogen content again 8 days after each topdressing, adjust the fertilization frequency and amount according to the monitoring data, ensure a stable nitrogen supply for tobacco, and avoid excessive fertilization that causes tobacco to turn green or waste of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0074] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the process of performing initial nitrogen determination on the soil in step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0075] Step S11: Prepare nitrate ion selective electrode (NO3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) for determining the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil; at the same time, the intelligent control unit and wireless communication module are used to analyze sensor data and optimize fertilization strategies;

[0076] Step S12: In the tobacco planting area, multiple sampling points are evenly selected, and soil samples of a certain depth are collected using a soil sampler; 3-5 repeated samples need to be collected at each sampling point; the collected soil samples are placed in a beaker filled with distilled water, stirred and then allowed to stand to dissolve the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil into the water; a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 + -ISE) were inserted into the solution in the beaker to measure the concentration of nitrate ions and ammonium ions;

[0077] Step S13: Record the measurement results in a table, average the data of each sampling point, and obtain the average content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the regional soil; transmit the measurement results to the intelligent control unit, analyze the relationship between the soil nitrogen content and the tobacco growth demand, and optimize the fertilization strategy; the intelligent control unit will calculate the nitrogen fertilizer application amount based on factors such as soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth stage;

[0078] Step S14: All measurement results and fertilization strategies are transmitted to the cloud server via wireless communication technology, so that growers can view and manage them at any time; at the same time, the intelligent control unit receives feedback information from the cloud and adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time.

[0079] Preferably, in step S11 of this embodiment, a nitrate ion selective electrode (NO 3 - -ISE) and ammonium ion selective electrode (NH 4 +-ISE); using ion selective electrodes, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil can be quickly and accurately determined to provide basic data for fertilization. Significance: By accurately determining the nitrogen content in the soil, it can provide a basis for formulating scientific fertilization strategies, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers, and reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. Step S12 collects soil samples and determines the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content. By evenly selecting sampling points, collecting soil samples and determining the nitrogen content, the soil nitrogen status in the tobacco-growing area can be fully reflected. Significance: It helps to grasp the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen, provide data support for regional fertilization, and make fertilization more accurate. Step S13 optimizes the fertilization strategy and calculates the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. The intelligent control unit calculates the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied according to factors such as soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth stage, and optimizes the fertilization strategy. Significance: Realizes precision fertilization and variable fertilization, improves the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduces production costs, and reduces agricultural non-point source pollution. Step S14: Transmission, management and real-time adjustment of measurement results and fertilization strategies. Through wireless communication technology, the measurement results and fertilization strategies are transmitted to the cloud server, which is convenient for growers to view and manage at any time; at the same time, the intelligent control unit receives feedback information from the cloud and adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time. Significance: Realize intelligent management of the entire fertilization process, improve the flexibility and accuracy of fertilization; strengthen information interaction between growers and the cloud platform, and improve the scientificity and real-time nature of fertilization decisions.

[0080] In summary, this embodiment achieves accurate and efficient fertilization of tobacco planting through technologies such as soil nitrogen determination, intelligent analysis and optimization of fertilization strategies, and wireless communication transmission management, thereby improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers, reducing agricultural production costs and environmental pollution, and has important technical significance and application value.

[0081] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the process of calculating the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in step S13 specifically includes the following steps:

[0082] Step S131: the intelligent control unit analyzes the growth stage of the tobacco by integrated image recognition technology; by comparing the appearance characteristics of the tobacco plant, such as leaf color and leaf shape, with the growth stage model in the database, the current growth stage of the tobacco is determined;

[0083] Step S132: the intelligent control unit collects environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and light related to tobacco growth; the decision algorithm inside the intelligent control unit comprehensively considers the soil nitrogen content, tobacco growth stage and environmental factors to calculate the nitrogen fertilizer application amount;

[0084] Step S133: The intelligent control unit adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time according to the change of soil nitrogen content after fertilization and the feedback of tobacco growth.

[0085] Among them, the formula for determining the matching degree of the growth stage is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, GSM represents the matching degree of the growth stage, which is a value between 1 and 1. The closer the value is to 1, the higher the matching degree is; C 1 Indicates the influence coefficient of leaf color on growth stage; C 2 The coefficient C representing the influence of leaf shape on growth stage 3 represents the interaction coefficient between leaf color and leaf shape; C 4 Represents the comprehensive influence coefficient of other growth characteristics; LS represents the difference between the actual leaf color value and the model leaf color value; LC represents the difference between the actual leaf shape value and the model leaf shape value; LSC represents the composite characteristic value of leaf color and leaf shape;

[0088] Comprehensive environmental impact factor formula:

[0089]

[0090] Where, IEF represents the comprehensive environmental impact factor, which is used to measure the impact of environmental factors on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application; T 1 represents the effect of temperature on growth; T 2 represents the effect coefficient of humidity on growth; T 3 represents the effect coefficient of light on growth; T 4 Indicates the influence coefficient of temperature on environmental factors; T 5 Represents the influence coefficient of humidity on environmental factors; T 6 It represents the influence coefficient of light on environmental factors; Temp represents the temperature value; Hum represents the humidity value; Lig represents the light intensity value;

[0091] Soil nitrogen content adjustment factor formula:

[0092]

[0093] Where SNCAF is the soil nitrogen content adjustment factor, which is used to adjust the nitrogen fertilizer application rate based on the soil nitrogen content; 1 Indicates the influence coefficient of soil nitrogen content on nitrogen fertilizer application; N 2 Indicates the coefficient of influence of growth stage matching on nitrogen fertilizer application; N 3 It represents the influence coefficient of comprehensive environmental factors on nitrogen fertilizer application; N 4 It represents the comprehensive influence coefficient of other unconsidered factors; SNC represents the actual value of nitrogen content in the soil;

[0094] Final nitrogen fertilizer application rate formula:

[0095]

[0096] Where NFD represents the final calculated nitrogen fertilizer application amount; 1 Indicates the basic nitrogen fertilizer application coefficient; B 2 Indicates the adjustment coefficient of nitrogen fertilizer application rate for growth stage matching; B 3 Indicates the adjustment coefficient of comprehensive environmental impact factors on nitrogen fertilizer application; B 4 Indicates the adjustment coefficient for other unconsidered factors. These formulas combine multiple factors such as growth stage, environmental factors and soil nitrogen content to calculate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied through complex mathematical models to achieve precise fertilization.

[0097] Preferably, in step S131 of this embodiment, the intelligent control unit analyzes the tobacco growth stage through image recognition technology, can accurately identify the growth stage of tobacco, and provide accurate growth stage information for subsequent fertilization decisions. Its significance is that nitrogen fertilizer can be applied more specifically according to the needs of different growth stages to ensure that the nutritional needs of tobacco growth are met, while avoiding the waste of resources caused by excessive fertilization. Step S132 The intelligent control unit collects environmental factors and calculates the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in combination with the soil nitrogen content and the growth stage. It is to be able to comprehensively consider various factors, such as soil nutritional status, environmental conditions and the specific growth of tobacco, so as to calculate a more accurate and scientific amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied; it can more accurately meet the nutritional needs of tobacco, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduce the impact on the environment, and may increase the yield and quality of tobacco. Step S133 The intelligent control unit adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time according to the changes after fertilization; it can achieve dynamic adjustment and optimize the fertilization scheme according to the actual changes in the soil nitrogen content after fertilization and the actual effect of tobacco growth. Its significance lies in that it can respond to changes in tobacco growth and soil conditions in real time, making fertilization more flexible and effective, reducing resource waste, and possibly further improving tobacco growth quality.

[0098] In summary, this embodiment can effectively improve the scientificity and efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use through intelligent analysis and adjustment, which is of great significance to improving crop yield and quality, as well as environmental protection.

[0099] Furthermore, the process of adjusting the fertilization strategy in real time in step S133 specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] Step S1331: Determine the weight coefficient of each sensor, which reflects the importance of the impact of different sensors on the fertilization strategy; after calculating the measurement value of each sensor, combine it with the custom function, which describes the relationship between the crop growth status index and the actual measurement value, and takes into account the variability of nitrogen fertilizer response, and converts the sensor data into a reference value for the fertilization strategy;

[0101] Step S1332: converting the actually measured soil nitrogen content into a relative value through a function; adjusting the fertilization strategy according to the relative value of the soil nitrogen content; if the soil nitrogen content is lower than the minimum value of the soil nitrogen content, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount needs to be increased; if it exceeds the maximum value of the soil nitrogen content, the application amount is reduced;

[0102] Step S1333: Consider the influence of ambient temperature on fertilization strategy through a function; calculate the nitrogen fertilizer application amount adjustment coefficient at the location.

[0103] Among them, the expression for real-time adjustment of fertilization strategy is:

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, A x,y represents the nitrogen fertilizer application adjustment coefficient of the intelligent control unit at position (x, y); n represents the number of different sensors; w i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th sensor, representing the importance of each sensor on the fertilization strategy; f i Represents a custom function used to describe the crop growth status indicator L measured by the i-th sensor i Compared with the actual measured value C x,y , taking into account the variability of crop response to nitrogen fertilizer σ i ; L i represents the crop growth status indicator (such as chlorophyll content) measured by the i-th sensor; C x,y Represents the crop growth status index value actually measured at the position (x, y); σ i represents the coefficient of variability of the crop response of the i-th sensor; f represents a function related to soil nitrogen content, which is used to convert soil nitrogen content N x,y Converted to a relative value, taking into account the minimum soil nitrogen content N min and the maximum value N max ; N x,y represents the soil nitrogen content at position (x, y); N min Indicates the minimum value of soil nitrogen content, below which plant growth will be restricted; N max represents the maximum value of soil nitrogen content. When this value is exceeded, nitrogen fertilizer loss may occur. h represents a function of ambient temperature and set temperature, which is used to consider the ambient temperature T x,y The effect on fertilization strategy and the set temperature T set For comparison; T x,y represents the ambient temperature at position (x, y); T set Indicates the optimal ambient temperature. This formula not only integrates multiple sensor data, but also uses a custom function f iand g take into account the variability of crop response to nitrogen fertilizer and the relative state of soil nitrogen content. In addition, through the ambient temperature function h, the effect of ambient temperature on fertilization strategy is taken into account, making fertilization control more flexible and adaptable to different environmental conditions.

[0106] Preferably, step S1331 of this embodiment determines the sensor weight coefficient and the custom function, and by assigning a weight coefficient to each sensor, ensures that the importance of each sensor data in the system is reasonably reflected; the introduction of the custom function enables the system to convert the sensor data into a reference value for the fertilization strategy according to the specific growth status of the crop, which provides a scientific basis for precise fertilization. Significance: It ensures the accuracy and personalization of the fertilization strategy, and avoids the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by blind fertilization by scientifically quantifying crop needs. Step S1332 adjusts the fertilization strategy based on the relative value of the soil nitrogen content, which helps maintain the balance of soil nitrogen content, promotes balanced nutrient absorption by crops, improves crop yield and quality, and also reduces the negative impact of excessive fertilization on the environment. Step S1333 The impact of ambient temperature on the fertilization strategy, considering the impact of ambient temperature on the fertilization strategy, by calculating the nitrogen fertilizer application adjustment coefficient, it can ensure that crops can obtain a suitable nitrogen fertilizer supply under different temperature conditions. Significance: Ambient temperature has an important influence on crop growth and fertilizer absorption. Considering this factor can make fertilization strategies more flexible and adaptable, improve crop fertilizer utilization, and reduce crop growth risks caused by temperature changes.

[0107] In summary, the process of adjusting the fertilization strategy in real time in this embodiment aims to improve the yield and quality of crops by accurately controlling the amount of fertilizer applied, while reducing the impact on the environment, and is an important technical means to achieve sustainable agricultural development.

[0108] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, the process of transmitting all the measurement results and fertilization strategies to the cloud server via wireless communication technology in step S14 specifically includes the following steps:

[0109] Step S141: the intelligent control unit encapsulates and encodes the measured soil nitrogen content data and the calculated fertilization strategy information to form a structured data packet, which contains key information such as the sampling point location, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, and nitrogen fertilizer application amount;

[0110] Step S142: The wireless communication module built into the intelligent control unit will be activated, and the encoded data packet will be sent to the receiving end of the cloud server in the form of a wireless signal using radio electromagnetic wave technology; after receiving the wireless signal, the cloud server will demodulate the signal and restore it to the original digital signal. The decoder built into the cloud server will decode the digital signal and parse out the key information in the data packet, such as soil nitrogen content and fertilization strategy, etc.;

[0111] Among them, the formula for optimizing the wireless communication module is:

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, E precision The precision coefficient of wireless communication indicates the accuracy of signal transmission; P signal Signal power refers to the power of wireless signal when it is transmitted; N noise Noise power refers to the power of noise interference encountered during wireless signal transmission; B signal Signal bandwidth refers to the frequency bandwidth occupied by the transmission signal; B noise Noise bandwidth refers to the frequency bandwidth occupied by noise interference; σ data Data standard deviation, indicating the degree of dispersion of information in the data packet; M packet Packet size refers to the amount of information contained in a single packet; τ propagate Signal propagation delay refers to the delay of the signal during transmission; T cycle The transmission cycle refers to the time period required to complete an information transmission. The formula combines factors such as signal power to noise ratio, signal bandwidth to noise bandwidth ratio, packet information discreteness, packet size, signal propagation delay and transmission cycle to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the wireless communication process; based on the formula, the wireless communication module can be optimized to ensure high efficiency and high accuracy of information transmission;

[0114] Step S143: The decoded data will be stored in the cloud database, which will automatically classify and index the data based on information such as the sampling point location, time and nitrogen content; at the same time, the intelligent control unit will regularly send requests to the cloud server to obtain the latest fertilization strategy feedback information. The cloud server will dynamically adjust the nitrogen fertilizer application amount based on the analysis results and send the adjusted strategy information back to the intelligent control unit.

[0115] Preferably, in step S141 of this embodiment, the intelligent control unit encapsulates and encodes the measured soil nitrogen content data and the calculated fertilization strategy information to form a structured data packet, realizing the integration and standardization of information. Through encapsulation and encoding, a large amount of scattered information is organized into a standardized data structure, which is convenient for subsequent processing and transmission; the security of the data is improved, and encapsulation can prevent the data from being tampered with during transmission, and encoding can ensure the privacy and security of the data. Significance: The accuracy and integrity of the data are guaranteed, providing a reliable basis for the precise implementation of the fertilization strategy; it is convenient for data processing, reduces the probability of errors, and improves the overall efficiency of the system. In step S142, the built-in wireless communication module of the intelligent control unit will be activated, and the encoded data packet will be sent to the receiving end of the cloud server in the form of a wireless signal using radio electromagnetic wave technology; the flexibility of wireless transmission is realized, and the activation of the wireless communication module allows data transmission to no longer be restricted by geographical location, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the system; improving the real-time performance of the system; the wireless signal has a fast transmission speed, and can transmit data to the cloud in a timely manner, and update data information in a timely manner. Significance: It saves manpower and material resources, eliminates the need for physical wiring, and reduces the cost of system deployment and maintenance; it ensures the timeliness of data transmission and provides real-time data support for precision fertilization. The decoded data in step S143 will be stored in the cloud database, and the data will be automatically classified and indexed; at the same time, the intelligent control unit will regularly send requests to the cloud server to obtain the latest feedback information on fertilization strategies; it realizes centralized storage and efficient management of data. The cloud database can store a large amount of data, and automatically classify and index according to specific information, which improves the efficiency of data retrieval; it realizes dynamic adjustment and optimization of fertilization strategies. Through the analysis and feedback of the cloud server, the intelligent control unit can adjust the fertilization strategy in time to adapt to changes in crop growth and soil conditions. Significance: It improves the efficiency of data processing and optimizes resource allocation; it enhances the intelligence level of the system, and improves crop yield and quality by dynamically adjusting fertilization strategies, ultimately achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0116] Furthermore, the process of forming a structured data packet in step S141 specifically includes the following steps:

[0117] Step S1411: Collect the attributes of the data sampling points; design a structured data structure package, which is a class, which contains multiple attributes: actual measurement value, calculation result, sampling point location and timestamp, etc.;

[0118] Step S1412: After the data structure is designed, the collected data is filled into the data structure, and the actual measurement value, calculation result, sampling point location and timestamp information are filled into the corresponding position of the data structure by field;

[0119] Step S1413: Send the encapsulated data packet to the cloud server through the network; after receiving the data packet, the cloud server parses and processes the data according to preset rules.

[0120] Preferably, in step S1411 of this embodiment, data sampling point information collection and data structure design realize data standardization and organization. By collecting key information such as location information, timestamp and device ID of data sampling points, a foundation can be laid for data processing and analysis; designing a structured data structure (class) makes the data more orderly, easy to manage and access. Significance: Standardized data structure makes data easy to understand and process, which is crucial to ensure the consistency and accuracy of data. Step S1412 data filling, all data are organized in a unified framework, and each data point has a clear location and attributes. Significance: Ensure the integrity and consistency of data, facilitate processing and analysis; at the same time, make data easier to transmit and store. Step S1413 data packet sending and cloud processing, the encapsulated data packet is sent to the cloud server through the network, realizing remote transmission and centralized processing of data. After receiving the data, the cloud server can parse and process it according to preset rules. Significance: Through cloud processing, more powerful computing resources can be used to process and analyze data, and large-scale data processing and analysis can be realized; it is of great significance to improve the efficiency and accuracy of data processing.

[0121] In summary, the structured data packet process of this embodiment not only improves the organization and manageability of data, but also facilitates remote processing and analysis of data, making the entire process from data collection, organization to transmission and processing more efficient and reliable, which is very important for data-driven decision-making and applications.

[0122] Furthermore, the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting in step S3 should be 55 to 65 days old, with a stem height of 8 to 12 cm, a stem circumference of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, and 5 to 7 leaves per plant, to ensure that the tobacco seedlings are strong and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0123] Preferably, the seedling age of this embodiment is controlled at 55 to 65 days, which is the critical period for the growth of tobacco seedlings, and can ensure that the tobacco seedlings have a well-developed root system and strong stems and leaves; the seedling age at this stage is conducive to improving the survival rate after transplanting, shortening the seedling acclimatization period, and is conducive to the growth and development of tobacco plants. The stem height is controlled at 8 to 12 cm. The stem height in this range can ensure the uniform growth of tobacco seedlings, which is conducive to the uniformity of tobacco plants in the later stage; at the same time, the moderate stem height is conducive to the balance of the root-stem ratio, and is conducive to the growth and absorption of nutrients by the roots of tobacco plants. The stem circumference is 1.5 to 2. cm. The stem circumference in this range can ensure that the stems of tobacco seedlings are thick, which is conducive to improving the lodging resistance of tobacco plants and reducing the impact of natural disasters on tobacco plants; at the same time, the thick stems are conducive to the transportation of nutrients and the yield of tobacco leaves. The number of leaves per plant is 5 to 7: the number of leaves can ensure the balanced growth of tobacco seedlings, which is conducive to the photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of tobacco plants; the appropriate number of leaves helps to increase the growth rate and yield of tobacco plants, and is also conducive to the quality of tobacco leaves.

[0124] In summary, this embodiment ensures that tobacco seedlings grow robustly and evenly, which is beneficial to the later growth and development of tobacco plants and the yield quality; it can improve the survival rate of tobacco seedlings, shorten the seedling acclimatization period, and is beneficial to the growth rate and yield of tobacco plants, as well as the quality of tobacco leaves. It is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of tobacco farmers and meet the market demand for high-quality tobacco leaves.

[0125] Furthermore, in step S4, when applying topdressing, ammonium nitrate solution is used, and the ratio of ammonium nitrate solution to water is 1:100 per mu. Irrigation is required in time after fertilization to ensure that the fertilizer penetrates the soil evenly and improves the fertilizer efficiency.

[0126] Preferably, the fertilizer solution of this embodiment is prepared (1:100 water ratio), and the dilution of the fertilizer solution can make the fertilizer concentration moderate, avoid excessively high concentrations of fertilizers causing damage to crops, and also improve the absorption efficiency of fertilizers. Significance: The preparation ratio helps crops absorb nutrients better, avoids seedling burning caused by excessive fertilizer concentrations, and thus protects crop growth. Timely irrigation after fertilization: Through irrigation, the fertilizer solution can be evenly distributed in the soil, so that the crop roots can fully contact the fertilizer. Significance: Irrigation helps to evenly distribute fertilizers, reduce fertilizer waste, and ensure that all crops can obtain the right amount of nutrients to promote balanced growth. Ensure that fertilizers penetrate the soil evenly: After the fertilizers penetrate the soil, they can be better absorbed and utilized by the crop roots, improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. Significance: Uniform penetration helps to evenly distribute nutrients in the soil, avoids the problem of local nutrient excess or deficiency, and is conducive to the healthy growth of crops. Improve fertilizer efficiency: The fertilizer can be more effectively absorbed by crops, improving the overall effect of the fertilizer. Significance: Improving fertilizer efficiency means reducing the amount of fertilizer used and lowering agricultural production costs, while also reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0127] In summary, the topdressing process of this embodiment improves the efficiency and effect of fertilizer use through scientific methods, which not only ensures the growth needs of crops, but also takes into account environmental protection and economic benefits, which is of great significance to modern agricultural production.

[0128] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and tobacco leaf yield of tobacco plants were measured by using the nitrogen fertilizer application method of the present invention and the prior art:

[0129] Existing tobacco fertilization technology comprises the following steps:

[0130] (1) Apply base fertilizer: Before transplanting tobacco seedlings, apply tobacco-specific fertilizer to a depth of about 15 cm.

[0131] (2) Rooting watering: Fertilization depth is 15 cm, 5 kg of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer per mu is diluted with water at a concentration of 0.5%, and rooting watering is performed after transplanting.

[0132] (3) Top dressing management: Top dressing should be carried out 30 days after tobacco transplanting.

[0133] The results of the present invention are shown in Table 1:

[0134] Table 1 Nitrogen utilization rate and yield of the present invention and the prior art method

[0135]

[0136] By applying nitrogen fertilizer by the method of the present invention, the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be significantly improved. Compared with the prior art method, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved and fertilizer waste is effectively reduced. In addition, after using the method of the present invention, the tobacco leaf yield is also increased. This shows that the method can more effectively optimize fertilizer use, reduce environmental burden, and maintain or increase tobacco yield, thereby providing higher production benefits for tobacco planting.

[0137] The specific implementation methods of the invention are described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the invention is not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modification or substitution of the invention is also within the scope of the invention, therefore, the equalization, modification, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying nitrogen fertilizer to tobacco based on ion sensing, characterized in that: The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing comprises: Before tobacco is transplanted, a nitrate ion selective electrode and an ammonium ion selective electrode are used; wherein the nitrate ion selective electrode is used to measure the content of nitrate nitrogen, and the ammonium ion selective electrode is used to measure the content of ammonium nitrogen; Apply nitrogen fertilizer according to the results of soil nitrogen content analysis; use tobacco formula fertilizer in combination with deep tillage of the soil; When transplanting, cover the ground with film and apply slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and water the plants to establish roots when transplanting; After transplanting, the first topdressing is carried out according to the monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, using ammonium nitrate as topdressing.

2. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An initial nitrogen measurement of the soil needs to be done 15 days before tobacco transplanting; 7 days before transplanting, use tobacco formula fertilizer combined with deep tillage of the soil to 25-30 cm.

3. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: When transplanting, water with 0.5-1 kg of rooting water; the tobacco seedlings used for transplanting should be 55 to 65 days old, with a stem height of 8 to 12 cm, a stem circumference of 1.5 to 2.0 cm, and 5 to 7 leaves per plant.

4. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: 30 days after transplanting, mix 500 kg of ammonium nitrate with water per mu and irrigate each plant with 0.5 kg.

5. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vigorous growth period is 45-50 days after transplanting, and the amount of potassium nitrate fertilizer applied is 15 to 20 kilograms per mu.

6. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: Post-fertilization management: measure the soil nitrogen content again 7-10 days after each topdressing, and adjust the frequency and amount of fertilization based on the monitoring data.

7. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process for conducting an initial nitrogen determination of the soil includes the following steps: Prepare nitrate ion selective electrodes and ammonium ion selective electrodes for measuring the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content in the soil; at the same time, intelligent control units and wireless communication modules are used to analyze sensor data and optimize fertilization strategies; In the tobacco growing area, multiple sampling points are selected and soil samples are collected using a soil sampler; 3-5 repeated samples need to be collected at each sampling point; the collected soil samples are placed in a beaker filled with distilled water, stirred and allowed to stand to dissolve the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil into the water; a nitrate ion selective electrode and an ammonium ion selective electrode are respectively inserted into the solution in the beaker to measure the concentrations of nitrate ions and ammonium ions; The test results are recorded in a table, and the data of each sampling point are averaged to obtain the average content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the regional soil; the test results are transmitted to the intelligent control unit to analyze the relationship between soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth requirements and optimize fertilization strategies; the intelligent control unit will calculate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied based on factors such as soil nitrogen content and tobacco growth stage; All measurement results and fertilization strategies are transmitted to the cloud server via wireless communication technology; at the same time, the intelligent control unit receives feedback information from the cloud and adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time.

8. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of calculating the nitrogen fertilizer application rate includes the following steps: The intelligent control unit analyzes the growth stage of tobacco through integrated image recognition technology; by comparing the appearance characteristics of tobacco plants and matching them with the growth stage model in the database, the current growth stage of tobacco is determined; The intelligent control unit collects temperature, humidity and light environmental factors related to tobacco growth; the decision-making algorithm inside the intelligent control unit comprehensively considers soil nitrogen content, tobacco growth stage and environmental factors to calculate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; The intelligent control unit adjusts the fertilization strategy in real time according to the changes in soil nitrogen content after fertilization and the feedback from tobacco growth.

9. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The process of adjusting fertilization strategy in real time includes the following steps: Determine the weight coefficient of each sensor, which reflects the importance of different sensors on the fertilization strategy; after calculating the measurement value of each sensor, combine it with the custom function; The actual measured soil nitrogen content is converted into a relative value through a function; the fertilization strategy is adjusted according to the relative value of the soil nitrogen content; The effect of ambient temperature on fertilization strategy is considered through a function; the nitrogen fertilizer application adjustment coefficient at the location is calculated.

10. The tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application method based on ion sensing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The custom function describes the relationship between the crop growth status indicators and the actual measured values ​​and considers the variability of nitrogen fertilizer response to convert the sensor data into reference values ​​for fertilization strategy.

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