Gleditsia sinensis plantation pollination tree configuration method
By configuring interspecies cross-pollination strategies of South China's soap acacia and Yunnan soap acacia plantation, the problem of poor pollination in soap acacia plantation is solved, significantly improving the fruit set rate and pod quality, and improving economic benefits.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510085435.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-01-20
AI Technical Summary
The flowering period of female and male plants in the acacia plantation is large and pollinated poorly, resulting in low fruit setting rate, high pod vacancy rate, and reduced economic benefits.
By configuring the planting ratio of female soapacia, male soapacia in South China and male soapacia in Dian Sugar, the interspecies cross-pollination of South China soapacia and Dian Sugar, the continuation and coverage of the flowering period are achieved, and the continuous supply of male pollination throughout the female flower opening period is ensured.
It significantly improved the fruit setting rate and yield of the acacia plantation, improved the quality of pods and seeds, including saponins, amino acids, pectin, and total sugar components, and improved the overall economic benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN119908265A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of honey locust tree planting, and in particular relates to a method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust tree plantation. Background Art
[0002] Gleditsia sinensis is a deciduous tree of the genus Gleditsia in the Leguminosae family. It is a multi-purpose tree species that integrates food, medicine, chemical industry, and afforestation, and has high economic value. The fruit of Gleditsia sinensis is a pod, and its seeds can be processed into Gleditsia rice (endosperm), also known as snow lotus seeds, which are healthy foods in hotels and on the dining table, and are also the main production target of large-scale cultivation across the country in recent years; the fruit pod (skin) contains rich saponin, which is an important raw material for the production of detergents; currently, Guizhou, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Liaoning, Yunnan and other provinces have large-scale cultivation, mainly for Gleditsia sinensis fruit (seeds). Gleditsia sinensis is similar to a dioecious plant, with low self-compatibility, and pollination conditions will affect the yield and quality of the pod (seed). Investigations and studies have found that in many honey locust plantations, the flowering period of male and female plants varies greatly, the female flowers have a long opening period, the male flowers have a short pollination period, the overlapping period of female and male flowering periods is short, pollination is poor, the fruit setting rate is low, the pod empty rate is high, and even seedless honey locusts are produced, which greatly reduces the economic benefits of the plantations. In most honey locust plantations, the fruit setting rate is only 5.53% ± 0.64%, the seed empty rate is high (11-13%), and the seed output value is 0.272, which makes it difficult to achieve the requirements of high and stable yields. Summary of the invention
[0003] The invention provides a method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation. The planting ratio of female honey locust plants, male honey locust plants in South China and male honey locust plants in Yunnan is 26-30:1-3:1-2, the planting number of male honey locust plants in South China is greater than that of male honey locust plants in Yunnan, and the female honey locust plants can be "Guizao" (such as Guizao No. 1 and Guizao No. 2) of Guizhou or Shuaijia series varieties and improved varieties (such as Shuaijia No. 1 and No. 2) of Shanxi.
[0004] Preferably, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants are dispersedly planted among the female Gleditsia sinensis plants.
[0005] More preferably, the planting row spacing between the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 4-6 meters*4-6 meters.
[0006] More preferably, the planting number ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 26:2:1.
[0007] More preferably, the planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 27:2:1.
[0008] More preferably, the planting quantity ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 28:2:1.
[0009] More preferably, the planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 29:3:1.
[0010] More preferably, the planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 29:3:2.
[0011] More preferably, the planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 30:3:2.
[0012] Preferably, natural pollination is used as the pollination method.
[0013] After pollination, pollen genotype will directly affect the development of contemporary seeds and fruits, making their phenotypic characteristics different. This is a common pollen xenia effect of plants. During cultivation, pollen xenia effect can be used to improve crop yield and quality, control and improve the nutritional components, appearance characteristics and increase yield of fruit tree seeds or fruits. The formation of pollen xenia is an extremely complex process, and hormones, polyamines, RNA and unknown pollen tube releases all play a comprehensive role in regulation. The present invention utilizes the xenia advantage of interspecific distant pollen, and through detailed experimental studies in the early stage, two high-efficiency pollen donor varieties of South China Gleditsia and Yunnan Gleditsia with high pollen amount and effective improvement of pod quality are screened. By carefully configuring South China Gleditsia and Yunnan Gleditsia, South China Gleditsia provides a large amount of pollen in the early and middle stages of the plantation, ensuring the sufficiency of early and middle-stage pollination. When the pollen supply of South China Gleditsia begins to decrease, Yunnan Gleditsia begins to bloom, continuously providing pollen, and ensuring the pollination demand in the later stage. This configuration strategy not only increases the success rate of pollination, but also directly affects the genetic performance of fruits and seeds after fertilization through the direct effect of interspecific pollen. Through the active utilization of genetic variation, the overall size of soapberry fruit, the fullness of seeds and the content of biochemical components such as saponins and amino acids are significantly increased, achieving a comprehensive improvement in the quality of soapberry fruit.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0015] The pollination tree configuration method proposed in the present invention significantly improves the production effect of the honey locust plantation by introducing the honey locust and the honey locust for interspecific cross-pollination, which is specifically manifested in the following aspects:
[0016] (1) By implementing the configuration method proposed by the present invention, the early-flowering Chinese honey locust and the late-flowering Yunnan honey locust are introduced into the same plantation, thereby achieving the continuation and coverage of the flowering period. This effective connection of the flowering period ensures the continuous supply of male pollen throughout the opening period of the female flowers, greatly improving the fruit setting rate and yield of honey locust.
[0017] (2) Under the pollination configuration of the present invention, due to the pollen xenia effect of interspecific hybridization of Gleditsia sinensis, the male plants of Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis significantly improved the quality of pods and seeds, including a significant increase in saponins, amino acids, pectin, and total sugar content.
[0018] (3) The pollination tree configuration method of the present invention not only solves the problems of low fruit setting rate and poor seed quality in traditional soapberry planting, but also ensures the quality of pods and soapberry rice while achieving high yield, thereby significantly improving the overall economic benefits and increasing the output value per unit area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 The following is a comparison table of the flowering periods of the main honey locust varieties and pollination trees in Example 1.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a pollen xenia advantage diagram for interspecific hybrid pod quality in Example 1.
[0021] Figure 3 It is the specific planting diagram of the Chinese honey locust tree in Example 1.
[0022] Figure 4 It is the specific planting diagram of the Chinese honey locust tree in Example 2.
[0023] Figure 5 It is the specific planting diagram of the Chinese honey locust tree in Example 3.
[0024] Figure 6 It is the specific planting diagram of Chinese honey locust tree in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The female Gleditsia sinensis plant used in the following examples is Guizao No. 1.
[0026] Example 1
[0027] (1) Selection of pollination tree varieties
[0028] Female Gleditsia sinensis, male Gleditsia sinensis and male Gleditsia sinensis were selected as interspecific configuration combinations, among which female Gleditsia sinensis was used as the main productive Gleditsia sinensis variety for orchard construction. Based on the biological characteristics of male plants and the intuitive advantage of interspecific hybrids ( Figure 2 ), male plants of Gleditsia sinensis were selected as early and middle pollen providers, and male plants of Gleditsia sinensis were used for late pollination to supplement the pollen supply.
[0029] Table 1 Inflorescence characteristics of pollinated trees of various species
[0030] Pollinating tree species Number of flowers in inflorescence Pollen quantity per single drug (grain) Inflorescence pollen quantity (grains) Gleditsia sinensis 235.94±35.20b 6,433.33±208.17bc 1.21E+07±1.81E+06b Gleditsia sinensis 429.72±63.45a 7,443.13±665.83ab 3.19E+07±4.72E+06a Gleditsia sinensis 116.18±24.78c 7,602.78±305.51a 7.07E+06±1.53E+06c
[0031] Depend on Figure 1As shown in Table 1, the flowering period of Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis can completely cover the entire flowering period of female Gleditsia sinensis plants. At the same time, the number of inflorescence flowers and the amount of pollen of male Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis are significantly higher than those of male Gleditsia sinensis plants, which can provide a large amount of pollen and ensure continuous supply throughout the opening period of female flowers.
[0032] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that when Gleditsia sinensis and Gleditsia sinensis are used as pollination tree varieties, they show obvious interspecific hybrid advantages in improving the quality of pods and Gleditsia sinensis rice compared with Gleditsia sinensis as a pollination tree variety.
[0033] (2) Pollination tree configuration plan
[0034] The test site is located in the Gleditsia sinensis Experimental Garden 1 in Maochang Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. Common Gleditsia sinensis female plants were selected as the main cultivated varieties in the plantation, and the male plants of South China Gleditsia sinensis, which bloom slightly earlier than the main cultivated varieties, were selected as the main pollination trees, and the Yunnan Gleditsia sinensis, which blooms later, was selected as the secondary pollination trees. The number of main cultivated varieties, main pollination trees, and secondary pollination trees planted were 27, 2, and 1 respectively. Figure 3 The cultivation method shown is that the planting row spacing is 5 meters * 5 meters, covering an area of about 1 acre.
[0035] (3) Management of main varieties and pollination trees
[0036] Prune the branches and leaves of the main varieties regularly to keep the tree shape neat, thin the flowers in time, and promote the healthy growth of the inflorescence. Apply organic fertilizers in spring and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers during the growing season to ensure adequate nutrient supply for the main varieties. Apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers appropriately before flowering to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit setting. Apply organic fertilizers to pollination trees to ensure healthy growth and sufficient pollen production. Apply a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers before and after the pollination period to avoid excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to ensure the quality and quantity of pollen. Monitor and promptly deal with pests and diseases, and use biological and physical methods for prevention and control.
[0037] (4) Harvesting and analysis of pods
[0038] The fruits were harvested in time when they reached maturity in November, and the harvested pods were dried to reduce the moisture content and avoid mold and rot. The phenotypic traits such as pod and seed weight, length, width, thickness, etc. were measured to evaluate the pod and seed yield. Through chemical analysis, the total sugar, pectin, amino acid, and saponin content of the fruit were measured to understand its nutritional and commercial value. The statistical results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
[0039] Example 2
[0040] (1) Selection of pollination tree varieties
[0041] Female Gleditsia sinensis plants and male Gleditsia sinensis plants were selected as the interspecific configuration combination, in which female Gleditsia sinensis plants were used as the main productive Gleditsia sinensis variety for orchard construction, and male Gleditsia sinensis plants were used as pollination tree varieties to provide pollen.
[0042] (2) Pollination tree configuration plan
[0043] The test site is located in the Gleditsia sinensis Experimental Garden 2 in Maochang Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. Common Gleditsia sinensis female plants are selected as the main planting varieties in the plantation, and only South China Gleditsia sinensis male plants are selected as the varieties of efficient pollination trees. There are 27 common Gleditsia sinensis female plants and 3 South China Gleditsia sinensis male plants. Figure 4 The cultivation method shown is 5 meters apart and covers an area of about 1 acre.
[0044] (3) Management of main varieties and pollination trees
[0045] Same as Example 1.
[0046] (4) Harvesting and analysis of pods
[0047] Same as Example 1.
[0048] Example 3
[0049] (1) Selection of pollination tree varieties
[0050] Only female soapberry plants are selected as the main productive soapberry varieties for orchard construction, and no pollination trees are configured. Pollination in the plantation relies solely on natural pollination as a natural pollination configuration combination.
[0051] (2) Pollination tree configuration plan
[0052] The test site is located in the Gleditsia sinensis Experimental Garden 3 in Maochang Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. 30 female Gleditsia sinensis plants were selected as the main planted varieties in the plantation. Figure 5 The cultivation method shown is 5 meters apart and covers an area of about 1 acre.
[0053] (3) Management of main varieties and pollination trees
[0054] Same as Example 1.
[0055] (4) Harvesting and analysis of pods
[0056] Same as Example 1.
[0057] Example 4
[0058] (1) Selection of pollination tree varieties
[0059] Female and male soapberry plants are selected as the intraspecific configuration combination, in which female soapberry plants are used as the main productive soapberry variety to establish an orchard, and male soapberry plants of the same variety are used as pollination trees to provide pollen.
[0060] (2) Pollination tree configuration plan
[0061] The experiment was conducted at the Gleditsia sinensis Experimental Garden 4 in Maochang Town, Zhijin County, Guizhou Province. Female Gleditsia sinensis plants were selected as the main species in the plantation, and male Gleditsia sinensis plants of the same species were selected as pollination trees for intraspecific hybridization. There were 27 female Gleditsia sinensis plants and 3 male Gleditsia sinensis plants. Figure 6 The cultivation method shown is 5 meters apart and covers an area of about 1 acre.
[0062] (3) Management of main varieties and pollination trees
[0063] Same as Example 1.
[0064] (4) Harvesting and analysis of pods
[0065] Table 2 Comparison of fruit setting rate and yield of different pollination tree configurations
[0066] Fruit setting rate (%) Average weight of single pod (g) Pod production per plant (kg) Yield per mu (kg) Thousand-grain weight (g) Example 1 23.30％ 22.66±4.73a 38-51kg 1269kg 529.83±18.4a Example 2 19.35％ 20.83±5.53b 34-48kg 1074kg 511.68±20.23ab Example 3 7.04％ 17.27±5.15c 17-33kg 893kg 471.3±37.3c Example 4 21.27％ 20.59±3.76b 29-40kg 1038kg 500.7±24.9b
[0067] Table 3 Improvement of pod and Gleditsia rice quality by different pollination tree configurations
[0068]
[0069] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation, characterized in that: The planting ratio of female Gleditsia sinensis plants, male Gleditsia sinensis plants from South China and male Gleditsia sinensis plants from Yunnan is 26-30:1-3:1-2, and the planting number of male Gleditsia sinensis plants from South China is greater than that of male Gleditsia sinensis plants from Yunnan.
2. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The male Chinese honey locust plants and the male Yunnan honey locust plants are dispersedly planted among the female honey locust plants.
3. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planting row spacing between the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 4-6 meters*4-6 meters.
4. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 26:2:
1.
5. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 27:2:
1.
6. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 28:2:
1.
7. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 29:3:
1.
8. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 29:3:
2.
9. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The planting ratio of the female Gleditsia sinensis plants, the male Gleditsia sinensis plants and the male Gleditsia sinensis plants is 30:3:
2.
10. The method for configuring pollination trees in a honey locust plantation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollination method is natural pollination.