Dry sowing, pressing and sowing yield increasing method for saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention provides a saline-alkali soil dry sowing pressing sowing yield increasing method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, seed treatment; s2, land consolidation; s3, sowing the seeds; and S4, pressing. According to the dry sowing, pressing and sowing yield increasing method for the saline-alkali soil, all links including seed treatment, land consolidation, sowing, pressing and the like are finely designed and optimally combined, special soil conditions and crop growth requirements of the saline-alkali soil are fully considered, and the germination rate of seeds, the survival rate of seedlings and the yield of crops can be remarkably increased; an efficient and feasible technical scheme is provided for agricultural development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil, and the method has wide application prospects and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and more specifically, relates to a method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppressed sowing in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land is a type of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil affects the normal growth of crops. my country has a vast area of ​​saline-alkali land, and with the increasing shortage of land resources, how to effectively use saline-alkali land for agricultural production has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Traditional saline-alkali land planting methods have many drawbacks. For example, during the sowing process, due to the special soil structure of saline-alkali land, poor water retention and poor air permeability, the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate are low, and the plant growth and development are poor in the later stage, which seriously limits the yield. Although there are some improvement measures and planting methods for saline-alkali land, most of them are complicated to operate, costly, or have little effect on increasing yield, making it difficult to promote and apply them on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppressing sowing in saline-alkali land, aiming to solve the problems of low seed germination rate, low seedling survival rate and low yield existing in the existing saline-alkali land planting.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: S1. Seed treatment: Select salt-alkali tolerant varieties, soak the seeds in 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, copper sulfate solution or sodium chloride solution for 5-8 hours, remove them, wash and dry them, and coat them with a seed coating agent containing fungicides, pesticides, plant growth regulators and trace elements. The ratio of seed coating agent to seeds is 1: (40-60); S2. Land preparation: Before sowing, deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 25-35 cm, and then harrow the land 2-4 times. During the harrowing process, 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied per mu, and the ratio of organic fertilizer to soil conditioner is (20-40):1. The wheels of the vehicle are replaced with cylindrical wheels or cylinders that rotate synchronously are fixed on the outer circumference of the wheels of the existing vehicle to form cylindrical wheels. The vehicle moves back and forth in the same direction on the land to preliminarily compact the surface soil; S3, sowing: put the treated seeds into the seeder, the rotary tillage depth of the seeder is 3-5cm, the sowing depth is also 3-5cm, and the row spacing is 20-50cm; S4. Suppression: The first suppression is carried out at least 12 hours after sowing. A vehicle with cylindrical wheels is used to drag a roller for suppression. The suppression intensity is 100-300kPa. The suppression intensity of the roller is greater than the pressure of the cylindrical wheels on the soil surface. The number of suppressions in the same area is 2-3 times.

[0006] In a possible implementation, in step S1, the fungicide is one or more of tebuconazole, carbendazim, and thiram; the insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim; the plant growth regulator is one or more of gibberellins, naphthylacetic acid, and indoleacetic acid; and the trace element is one or more of zinc, boron, iron, and manganese.

[0007] In a possible implementation, in step S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer; the soil conditioner includes one or more of gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis, and potassium humate.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in step S4, the roller is a disc roller or a roller roller.

[0009] In one possible implementation, in step S4, a cross-suppression operation mode is adopted, first suppressing once along the first diagonal direction of the plot, and then suppressing a second time along the second diagonal direction perpendicular to the first diagonal. When the suppression operation is performed in the first diagonal direction and the second diagonal direction, suppression is first performed in the diagonal path direction, and then the suppression operations on both sides of the diagonal path are completed in turn. The suppression operation of the first diagonal and the suppression operation of the second diagonal are performed alternately, and a first diagonal suppression operation and a second diagonal suppression operation adjacent to each other are defined as a round of suppression operation. The first diagonal suppression operation and the second diagonal suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

[0010] In one possible implementation, in step S4, a reciprocating suppression operation mode is adopted, where suppression is first performed once along the east-west direction of the plot, and then a second suppression is performed along the north-south direction of the plot. When suppressing in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, suppression is first performed at the edge of the plot in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and then reciprocatingly moves to the opposite edges of the plot in turn. The suppression operation in the east-west direction and the suppression operation in the north-south direction are performed alternately, and one adjacent east-west direction suppression operation and one north-south direction suppression operation are defined as one round of suppression operation. The east-west direction suppression operation and the north-south direction suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

[0011] In one possible implementation, in step S4, a spiral suppression operation is adopted, whereby suppression is first performed once in a clockwise direction along the plot, and then a second time in a counterclockwise direction along the plot. When suppressing in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, suppression is first performed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction around the edge of the plot, and then it is moved spirally toward the center point of the plot in sequence. The suppression operation in the clockwise direction and the suppression operation in the counterclockwise direction are performed alternately, and one adjacent clockwise suppression operation and one counterclockwise suppression operation are defined as one round of suppression operation. The clockwise suppression operation and the counterclockwise suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

[0012] In a possible implementation, both the primary compaction and the secondary compaction adopt an intermittent vibration compaction operation mode, forming a primary compaction zone and a primary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the primary compaction, and forming a secondary compaction zone and a secondary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the secondary compaction. The primary compaction zone and the secondary compaction zone form a compaction overlapping zone, and the primary non-compaction zone and the secondary non-compaction zone form a non-compaction overlapping zone. The overlapping deviation value of the compaction overlapping zone and the non-compaction overlapping zone is not greater than 5 cm, and the non-compacted overlapping zone covers the sowing area corresponding to the seed sowing, and the compaction overlapping zone covers the non-sowing area corresponding to the periphery of the seed sowing.

[0013] In a possible implementation, after step S4, when the compaction operation is completed, 20 sampling points per mu are randomly selected in the field and tested using a soil compaction meter; If the compactness of the sowing area where the sampling point is located is lower than 100 kPa, the sowing area is intermittently compacted locally using a handheld compactor, and the compactness of the sowing area is measured after each local supplementary compaction. The compactness of the sowing area after local supplementary compaction is greater than 100 kPa and less than 150 kPa. If the compactness of the non-seeding area where the sampling point is located is lower than 200kPa, a handheld roller is used to perform intermittent local supplementary compaction on the non-seeding area, and the compactness of the non-seeding area is measured after each local supplementary compaction. The compactness of the non-seeding area after local supplementary compaction is greater than 200kPa and less than 300kPa.

[0014] In one possible implementation, as the seeder moves forward, the soil hardness, humidity sensors and seed identification sensors installed on the seeder continue to work, transmitting real-time data of the soil and seeds to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system compares the pre-stored database of various soil and seed characteristics, selects the corresponding suppression parameter optimization model, and calculates the suppression vibration frequency and amplitude range for the current soil and seed conditions.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land provided by the present invention is that: compared with the existing technology, each link from seed treatment, land preparation, sowing to suppression is finely designed and optimized, and the special soil conditions and crop growth requirements of saline-alkali land are fully considered. It can significantly improve the germination rate of seeds, the survival rate of seedlings and the yield of crops, and provide an efficient and feasible technical solution for the agricultural development and utilization of saline-alkali land, which has broad application prospects and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the germination rate and seedling survival rate of the wheat planted by the present method and the wheat planted by the traditional method in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the germination rate and seedling survival rate of the wheat planted by the present method and the wheat planted by the traditional method in Example 2; Figure 4 The figure is a comparison chart of the germination rate and seedling survival rate of the wheat planted by the present method and the traditionally planted wheat in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Unless explicitly defined otherwise, the use of terms such as "first," "second," or "third," etc., are intended to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order.

[0020] Unless otherwise expressly defined, directional words such as the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "high", "low", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, so they cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1 Now, a method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppressing sowing in saline-alkali land provided by the present invention is described. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppressing sowing in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: S1. Seed treatment: Select salt-alkali tolerant varieties, soak the seeds in 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, copper sulfate solution or sodium chloride solution for 5-8 hours, remove them, wash and dry them, and coat them with a seed coating agent containing fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and trace elements. The ratio of seed coating agent to seeds is 1:(40-60).

[0022] According to the soil characteristics, climatic conditions and local agricultural planting traditions of saline-alkali land, excellent varieties with high salt-alkali resistance are selected. These varieties should have strong salt-alkali resistance, drought resistance and adaptability, and be able to grow and develop normally in harsh saline-alkali environments. Subsequently, various selection methods such as wind selection, screening or water selection are used to strictly remove the shriveled seeds, diseased seeds, damaged seeds and impurities in the seeds to ensure that the seeds have high purity and vitality, laying a solid foundation for subsequent germination and growth. The selected seeds are placed in 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, copper sulfate solution or sodium chloride solution for soaking treatment. The soaking time is controlled between 5-8 hours. This process can effectively kill the bacteria and insect eggs carried on the surface of the seeds, reduce the incidence of diseases and pests, and at the same time, through the osmotic effect of the solution, moderately adjust the osmotic pressure inside the seeds, stimulate the germination potential of the seeds, and play a germination effect. After soaking, quickly rinse the seeds repeatedly with clean water until the residual solution on the surface of the seeds is washed off, then spread the seeds flat in a well-ventilated and dry environment to dry the surface moisture, ensuring that the seeds are in an appropriate moisture content state for the next step of coating treatment. Seed coating agents can continuously inhibit the growth of pathogens on the surface of seeds and in the surrounding soil, preventing seeds from being invaded by pathogens during germination. The ratio of seed coating agent to seeds is controlled between 1: (40-60) to ensure that the seed coating agent can be evenly and effectively wrapped on the surface of the seeds to form a protective film, which can not only protect the seeds, but also slowly release the active ingredients during seed germination and seedling growth to play its comprehensive role.

[0023] S2. Land preparation: Before sowing, deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 25-35 cm, then harrow the land 2-4 times. During the harrowing process, apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner per mu, and the ratio of organic fertilizer to soil conditioner is (20-40):1. Replace the wheels of the vehicle with cylindrical wheels or fix synchronously rotating cylinders on the outer circumference of the wheels of existing vehicles to form cylindrical wheels. The vehicle moves back and forth in the same direction on the land to preliminarily compact the surface soil.

[0024] The deep plowing depth is 25-35cm. This deep plowing can break the compact plow bottom layer formed in saline-alkali land for a long time, significantly improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, promote the infiltration and leaching of salt in the soil, reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil surface, and create a relatively loose and breathable soil environment for seed germination and root growth. After the deep plowing is completed, harrowing operation will be carried out immediately. The number of harrowing operations is 2-4 times. Harrowing can further break up the soil clods, make the soil particles more fine and uniform, and make the soil surface smoother, which is conducive to moisture conservation and subsequent sowing operations. During the harrowing process, fully decomposed organic fertilizers are evenly applied at a dosage of 1000-2000kg per mu. These organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, humic acid and various beneficial microorganisms, which can effectively improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and fertilizer retention of the soil, and improve the soil fertility. At the same time, through the activity of microorganisms, it can further promote the decomposition and transformation of salt in the soil and reduce the salinity of the soil. At the same time, soil conditioners specially designed for saline-alkali land improvement are applied, and the ratio of organic fertilizer to soil conditioner is maintained at (20-40):1. Soil conditioners can adjust the pH value, ion exchange balance and soil microbial community structure of the soil from different angles, and enhance the buffering capacity and salt-alkali resistance of the soil. In order to achieve the initial compaction of the soil surface, the conventional wheels of the vehicle are replaced with cylindrical wheels, or a synchronously rotating cylinder is fixed on the outer circumference of the wheel of the existing vehicle to form a cylindrical wheel structure. When the vehicle moves back and forth in the same direction on the land, the cylindrical wheels can exert relatively uniform and moderate pressure on the soil surface, making the soil surface initially compacted, reducing soil pores, preventing soil moisture from being lost too quickly, and providing a relatively stable base layer for subsequent sowing and suppression operations. This initial compaction method is equivalent to pre-suppression of the soil, which will not cause excessive damage to the soil structure, but can effectively improve the physical properties of the soil surface, improve the soil's moisture retention capacity and sowing quality.

[0025] S3. Sowing: Put the processed seeds into the seeder. The rotary tillage depth of the seeder is 3-5cm, the sowing depth is also 3-5cm, and the row spacing is 20-50cm.

[0026] The seeds that have undergone the above treatment are placed in the seeder, and the rotary tillage depth of the seeder is precisely adjusted to 3-5cm. This depth can not only ensure that the seeds are covered within the appropriate soil depth range, and prevent the seeds from being exposed to the soil surface and being affected by adverse factors such as drought, wind, and bird pecking, but also ensure that the seeds are in full contact with the water and nutrients in the soil, providing good conditions for seed germination. At the same time, the sowing depth is also set to 3-5cm to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the distribution of seeds in the soil, which is conducive to the synchronous germination of seeds and the uniform growth of seedlings. The row spacing is reasonably adjusted to 20-50cm according to the variety characteristics and planting requirements of different crops, to ensure that each crop can obtain sufficient light, water and nutrients during the growth process, to avoid excessive competition between plants, and to provide a reasonable spatial layout for the individual development of crops and the formation of group yields.

[0027] S4. Suppression: The first suppression is carried out at least 12 hours after sowing. A vehicle with cylindrical wheels is used to drag a roller for suppression. The suppression intensity is 100-300kPa. The suppression intensity of the roller is greater than the pressure of the cylindrical wheels on the soil surface. The number of suppressions in the same area is 2-3 times.

[0028] The first compaction operation is carried out at least 12 hours after sowing. This is because within a period of time after sowing, the moisture in the soil will gradually penetrate and distribute around the seeds, and the seeds will begin to absorb moisture and start the germination process. After about 12 hours, the seeds have initially adapted to the soil environment. At this time, compaction can better achieve the close combination of soil and seeds without affecting seed germination, promote the absorption of water and nutrients by seeds, and further stabilize the soil structure, reduce soil pores, and prevent soil moisture from evaporating too quickly and salt from returning. The compaction operation is carried out by using a vehicle with cylindrical wheels to drag the compactor. The compaction strength of the compactor is precisely controlled between 100-300kPa, and the compaction strength of the compactor is greater than the pressure of the cylindrical wheels on the soil surface. In this way, the soil can be compacted more deeply and more effectively on the basis of the initial compaction of the cylindrical wheels, so that the soil particles are arranged more closely, forming a stable soil environment suitable for seed germination and root growth. The number of compactions in the same area is set to 2-3 times. Through multiple compactions, the uniformity and stability of soil compaction are ensured to avoid local insufficient or excessive compaction, providing consistent and good soil conditions for seed germination and early growth of seedlings.

[0029] The method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land provided by the present invention has, compared with the prior art, finely designed and optimized combinations in various links from seed treatment, land preparation, sowing to suppression, etc., fully considering the special soil conditions of saline-alkali land and the growth requirements of crops, and can significantly improve the germination rate of seeds, the survival rate of seedlings and the yield of crops, thus providing an efficient and feasible technical solution for the agricultural development and utilization of saline-alkali land, and having broad application prospects and promotion value.

[0030] The fungicide is one or more of tebuconazole, carbendazim, and thiram. In seed treatment, tebuconazole can not only effectively inhibit a variety of common seed-borne fungal diseases, such as root rot caused by Fusarium and damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia, but also continue to exert antibacterial effects in the early stage after seed germination, creating a relatively safe microenvironment for the root development of seedlings. Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide that interferes with the mitosis process of pathogen cells, prevents the replication of genetic material and cell division of pathogens, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogens. For saline-alkali land, which is a relatively harsh soil environment, the broad-spectrum fungicidal properties of carbendazim are particularly important. It can effectively prevent and control a variety of fungal diseases, including anthracnose, powdery mildew, etc., during seed germination and early seedling growth. Thiram is effective in preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases such as damping-off and damping-off in the seedling stage, especially in saline-alkali soils, where these diseases are often more likely to occur due to the particularity of soil structure and microbial communities. By using these fungicides in a reasonable combination, seed coating agents can form a multi-level, comprehensive defense system against a variety of common pathogens in saline-alkali land, minimize the adverse effects of diseases on seed germination and seedling growth, significantly improve the seed seedling rate and the robustness of seedlings in saline-alkali environments, and take the first key step in achieving the goal of increasing production.

[0031] The insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim. Imidacloprid can effectively prevent and control pests such as aphids, thrips, and whiteflies. Chlorpyrifos has good control effects on a variety of chewing and piercing-sucking mouthparts pests, such as rice leaf rollers, rice planthoppers, cabbage worms, aphids, underground pests, etc. Phoxim has a good control effect on lepidopteran larvae, aphids, thrips, and other pests, especially underground pests such as leek maggots and white grubs.

[0032] Plant growth regulators are one or more of gibberellins, naphthaleneacetic acid, and indoleacetic acid. Gibberellins promote the synthesis of auxin and inhibit the decomposition of auxin, thereby increasing the content of auxin in plants and promoting cell elongation. They can also regulate the activity of various enzymes in plants and participate in the metabolic process of plants. Naphthaleneacetic acid can be absorbed by the roots, stems, leaves and other parts of plants and conducted in the body. By regulating the hormone balance in the plant body, it induces the expression of root-related genes and promotes the formation of adventitious roots. In terms of flower and fruit preservation, it can regulate the nutrient distribution in the plant body, so that more nutrients flow to the flower and fruit parts, and reduce the phenomenon of flower and fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrition. Indoleacetic acid activates a series of signal transduction pathways and regulates gene expression by binding to receptors in plant cells, thereby affecting the physiological and biochemical processes of cells. It can promote the transport of protons to the outside of the cell wall, leading to acidification of the cell wall, and then loosening the cell wall, so that the cell can absorb water and swell, and achieve cell elongation and division; at the same time, indoleacetic acid also participates in many metabolic processes in the plant body, such as regulating photosynthesis and respiration of plants, providing energy and material basis for plant growth.

[0033] Trace elements are one or more of zinc, boron, iron, and manganese. Zinc is a component or activator of many enzymes and participates in important physiological processes such as auxin synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, and protein synthesis in plants. Boron is mainly involved in the synthesis of pectin substances in the cell wall in plants, and plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of cells. At the same time, boron is also closely related to the reproductive growth of plants, which can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, improve pollination and fertilization rate, and is conducive to the formation and development of fruits and seeds. Iron is a component of various oxidoreductases in plants and participates in electron transfer and redox reactions in important physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen metabolism. Iron is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll, directly affects the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, and then affects the growth and development of plants. Manganese participates in the photolysis of water in photosynthesis in plants, is an important component of the photosynthetic oxygen-releasing complex, and is also an activator of many enzymes, which has an important influence on physiological processes such as plant respiration and nitrogen metabolism. Manganese can promote plant growth and development, enhance plant resistance, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0034] Organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer. Decomposed farmyard manure mainly comes from agricultural waste such as livestock and poultry manure, compost, green manure and biogas residue. It contains rich microbial communities, including beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. These microorganisms are active in the soil, which can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and promote plant growth.

[0035] Soil conditioners include one or more of gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, microbial agents, Bacillus subtilis, and potassium humate. The main component of gypsum is calcium sulfate. In soil improvement, it can react chemically with alkaline substances such as sodium carbonate in the soil to form calcium carbonate precipitation, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the soil. Humic acid can react with metal ions in the soil to improve the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, such as promoting the release of elements such as phosphorus and potassium in the soil for plant absorption and utilization. Ferrous sulfate can be oxidized into ferric hydroxide in the soil, releasing hydrogen ions, thereby reducing the pH value of the soil and playing a role in acidifying the soil. Microbial agents contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc. These microorganisms grow and reproduce in the soil and can participate in the circulation and transformation of substances in the soil. Bacillus subtilis can produce a variety of enzymes, such as amylase, protease, cellulase, etc. These enzymes can decompose organic matter in the soil, promote the release and transformation of nutrients in the soil, and improve soil fertility. Potassium humate can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil like humic acid, increase the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, regulate soil pH, promote the formation of soil aggregates, and improve soil air permeability and water permeability.

[0036] Specifically, the roller is a disc roller or a drum roller. The disc roller and the drum roller have a wide working width and can cover a large area in one operation. Therefore, in the compaction operation of a large area of ​​farmland, the operation efficiency can be significantly improved, and the operation time and cost can be reduced.

[0037] In step S4, different pressing operation modes may be used, such as a cross pressing operation mode, a reciprocating pressing operation mode or a spiral pressing operation mode. The specific operation is as follows: A cross-suppression operation method is adopted: first suppress once along the first diagonal direction of the plot, and then suppress twice along the second diagonal direction perpendicular to the first diagonal. When suppressing in the first diagonal direction and the second diagonal direction, first suppress in the direction of the diagonal path, and then complete the suppression operations on both sides of the diagonal path in turn. The suppression operation of the first diagonal and the suppression operation of the second diagonal are performed alternately. An adjacent suppression operation of the first diagonal and an adjacent suppression operation of the second diagonal are defined as a round of suppression operation. The suppression operation of the first diagonal and the suppression operation of the second diagonal in the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

[0038] A reciprocating suppression operation method is adopted: first suppress once along the east-west direction of the plot, and then suppress twice along the north-south direction of the plot. When suppressing in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, suppress for the first time at the edge of the plot in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and then move back and forth to the opposite edges of the plot in turn. The suppression operation in the east-west direction and the suppression operation in the north-south direction are performed alternately. One adjacent east-west direction suppression operation and one north-south direction suppression operation are defined as one round of suppression operation. The east-west direction suppression operation and the north-south direction suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

[0039] The spiral suppression operation method is adopted: first suppress once along the plot in a clockwise direction, and then suppress twice along the plot in a counterclockwise direction. When suppressing in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, suppress at first in the circumference of the edge of the plot in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and then move spirally toward the center point of the plot in sequence. The suppression operation in the clockwise direction and the suppression operation in the counterclockwise direction are performed alternately. One adjacent clockwise suppression operation and one counterclockwise suppression operation are defined as one round of suppression operation. The clockwise suppression operation and counterclockwise suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operation is 2-3 hours.

[0040] The continuous compaction operation in the same round can avoid the situation of uneven local soil compaction and ensure that each soil can reach the ideal compaction degree, so that the seeds are evenly distributed in the soil, and can absorb water and nutrients synchronously and stably, improving the germination rate of seeds and the uniformity of seedlings. The interval between adjacent rounds of compaction operations is 2-3 hours, considering that the soil needs a certain amount of time to adapt to and stabilize the new structural state after the initial compaction. During this period, the soil particles will further adjust their arrangement under the action of their own gravity and internal stress. The next round of compaction after an interval of 2-3 hours can further optimize the soil structure on the basis of the existing compaction, making the soil more compact and uniform, while avoiding soil compaction or irreversible damage to the soil structure caused by continuous excessive compaction, thereby achieving the best compaction effect while ensuring good air permeability and water permeability of the soil, providing a solid foundation for crop growth.

[0041] Specifically, both the primary compaction and the secondary compaction adopt an intermittent vibration compaction operation mode, forming a primary compaction zone and a primary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the primary compaction, and forming a secondary compaction zone and a secondary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the secondary compaction. This method avoids the problems of excessive compaction of the soil and severe reduction in air permeability that may be caused by traditional continuous compaction. The compaction zone can arrange soil particles tightly, reduce soil pores, help maintain soil moisture, prevent water from being lost too quickly, and provide stable humidity conditions for seed germination; the non-compacted zone retains a certain soil porosity, ensuring that the soil has good air permeability, which is conducive to the exchange of oxygen in the soil and meets the oxygen needs of seed germination and early growth of seedlings.

[0042] The first compaction area and the second compaction area form a compaction overlap area, and the first non-compaction area and the second non-compaction area form a non-compaction overlap area. The compaction overlap area is formed by the first compaction area and the second compaction area. The soil compaction degree in these areas is relatively high, and they are mainly distributed in the non-sowing area corresponding to the seed sowing area. This distribution method has multiple advantages. On the one hand, the formation of a stable and compacted soil structure in the non-sowing area can provide a solid support for the growth of the seedling root system and prevent the seedlings from lodging due to the loose soil in the early growth period; on the other hand, the compacted soil in the non-sowing area can reduce the lateral penetration of water in these areas, so that more water can be concentrated to the sowing area where the seeds are located, increase the soil moisture content in the seed germination area, and promote the rapid and uniform germination of seeds. The non-compacted overlap area is formed by the overlap of the first non-compacted area and the second non-compacted area, and covers the sowing area corresponding to the seed sowing. This design ensures that the seeds are in a relatively loose and well-ventilated soil environment, which is conducive to the respiration of the seeds, so that they can smoothly absorb oxygen and start the germination process. At the same time, the existence of the non-compacted overlapping area also avoids excessive compaction of the seeds, preventing physical damage to the seeds due to excessive soil compaction, which affects the germination rate of the seeds.

[0043] The overlap deviation value between the compacted overlap area and the non-compacted overlap area is no more than 5cm, which is a key indicator to ensure the effectiveness of this compaction operation method. Accurately controlling the overlap deviation value can ensure that the structural distribution of the soil in the sowing area and the non-sowing area meets expectations and achieves a reasonable configuration of water, air and soil compaction. If the overlap deviation value is too large, some sowing areas may be over-compacted, affecting seed germination; or some non-sowing areas may fail to form a sufficiently compact structure and fail to provide stable support and good water guidance for the seedlings. By strictly controlling the overlap deviation value within 5cm, the advantages of this intermittent vibration compaction operation method can be maximized, creating ideal soil conditions for seed germination and seedling growth, improving the emergence rate, survival rate and robustness of early growth of crops, and thus laying a solid foundation for achieving high-yield and high-quality agricultural production goals.

[0044] After step S4, when the compaction operation is completed, 20 sampling points per mu are randomly selected in the field and tested using a soil compaction meter.

[0045] When the compactness of the sowing area where the sampling point is located is found to be lower than 100kPa, it means that the soil in the sowing area may be too loose, which is not conducive to close contact between seeds and soil and the retention of water and nutrients, and will affect the germination and early growth of seeds. At this time, using a handheld roller to perform intermittent local supplementary compaction on the sowing area is an accurate remedial measure. The reason for adopting intermittent local supplementary compaction is to avoid damage to seeds caused by excessive compaction, while gradually increasing the compactness of the soil. In addition, the compactness of the sowing area is measured after each local supplementary compaction to ensure that the compactness of the sowing area after local supplementary compaction is ultimately within the ideal range of greater than 100kPa and less than 150kPa. This range is set based on the research and practical experience of the optimal soil compaction conditions for seed germination and early seedling growth. Within this compactness range, seeds can obtain sufficient support and a suitable soil environment, and will not be adversely affected by physical compression or ventilation and water permeability due to excessive compaction, thereby providing a guarantee for the smooth germination and healthy growth of seeds.

[0046] If the compactness of the non-sowing area where the sampling point is located is lower than 200kPa, the non-sowing area needs a higher compaction to provide a stable soil foundation for the later growth of crops and prevent lodging and other problems. Use a handheld roller to perform intermittent local supplementary compaction on the non-sowing area, and measure the compaction after each supplementary compaction, so that it eventually reaches a range greater than 200kPa and less than 300kPa. Within this compaction range, the soil structure in the non-sowing area is more stable, which can better support the outward expansion of crop roots and fix the plants. It also helps to reasonably distribute and maintain soil moisture in the non-sowing area, reduce the rapid loss of water due to too loose soil or the impact of soil aeration and root growth due to excessive compaction, thereby creating favorable conditions for the mid- and late-stage growth of crops and promoting the overall growth and development of crops and yield formation.

[0047] Specifically, when the seeder is working, as it moves forward, the soil hardness, humidity sensors and seed identification sensors continue to work and transmit data to the intelligent control system in real time. When the seeds fall into the sowing furrow, the suppression device starts immediately. The suppression device adopts a special resonance structure design, with an eccentric vibrator as the power source, and its vibration frequency and amplitude can be adjusted quickly and accurately under the command of the intelligent control system. For example, when encountering loose and dry soil, the intelligent control system calculates the need for a higher vibration frequency and a larger amplitude based on the soil hardness and humidity data to promote the rapid and close arrangement of soil particles without causing excessive impact on the seeds. For soils with a heavier texture and higher humidity, the system will instruct to reduce the vibration frequency and amplitude to prevent the soil from forming a hard block structure and ensure that there are suitable air permeability and water penetration channels around the seeds. During the suppression process, the intelligent control system will further optimize according to the characteristics of the seeds. For large seeds with hard seed coats, the vibration energy can be increased appropriately to allow the seeds to embed better in the soil and stimulate the seed coat, which helps break seed dormancy and promote germination. For small, more fragile seeds, a relatively gentle suppression vibration method is used to avoid physical damage to the seeds.

[0048] The seeder is also equipped with a visual monitoring system, which uses a high-definition camera to take real-time photos of the soil surface condition and seed distribution after compaction, and transmits the image data back to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system analyzes the compaction effect through image recognition algorithms, such as checking the flatness of the soil surface, the coverage depth of the seeds, and whether the compaction is uniform. If it is found that there is a situation where the local compaction is not up to standard or is over-suppressed, the system will immediately fine-tune the subsequent compaction parameters to ensure that the compaction quality of the entire sowing area is highly consistent.

[0049] Example 1 Seed treatment: Select salt-alkali tolerant wheat varieties, winnow and screen the seeds, remove impurities and unqualified seeds, ensure that the seed purity reaches more than 98%, and the germination rate reaches more than 90%. Soak the selected seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 6 hours, then rinse with clean water, dry them, and coat them with a seed coating agent containing fungicide tebuconazole, insecticide imidacloprid, plant growth regulator gibberellin, and trace elements zinc and boron. The ratio of seed coating agent to seeds is 1:50.

[0050] Land preparation: On a saline-alkali land of 1.5 mu, a deep plow was pulled by a vehicle to perform deep plowing, with a deep plowing depth of 30 cm, and then the land was harrowed with a disc harrow for 3 times to make the soil fine and flat. Combined with harrowing, 2,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 50 kg of soil conditioner containing gypsum, humic acid and other ingredients were applied per mu, and the fertilizer and conditioner were fully mixed with the soil by a rotary tiller.

[0051] Sowing: When the local spring soil moisture conditions are suitable, sowing is carried out using a seeder in mid-March with a sowing depth of 4 cm, a row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of 5 cm, and a sowing amount of 25 kg per mu.

[0052] Pressing: Press the soil with a roller 12 hours after sowing. The pressing intensity is 200kPa and the number of pressings is 2 times to ensure that the soil surface is flat and compact and the seeds are in close contact with the soil.

[0053] After the above treatment, the growth of wheat was observed and recorded. The results showed that the germination rate of wheat seeds reached 92%, which was 12% higher than that of traditional sowing methods; the survival rate of seedlings reached 88%, which was 8% higher; at the harvest time, the yield per mu of wheat reached 300 kg, which was 100 kg higher than that of traditional planting methods, and the increase was 50%. Please refer to Table 1.

[0054]

[0055] Table 1 Example 2 Seed treatment: Select salt- and alkali-tolerant cotton varieties, soak them in 0.2% copper sulfate solution for 8 hours after selection, remove them, wash them, and dry them in air, then coat them with a seed dressing agent containing the fungicide carbendazim, the insecticide chlorpyrifos, the plant growth regulator naphthacetic acid, and medium and trace elements. The ratio of seed dressing agent to seeds is 1:40.

[0056] Land preparation: Select a 1-mu moderate saline-alkali land and perform deep plowing to a depth of 35cm, followed by harrowing the land 4 times to achieve a loose and leveled soil. Apply 1500kg of commercial organic fertilizer and 40kg of soil conditioner consisting of ferrous sulfate, microbial agents, etc. per mu, and perform deep plowing and mixing.

[0057] Sowing: When the local spring temperature is stable at 10℃-15℃ (early April), use a seeder to sow cotton with a sowing depth of 3cm, a row spacing of 60cm, a plant spacing of 20cm, and a sowing amount of 2.5kg per mu.

[0058] Pressing: Press the soil with a roller 15 hours after sowing with a pressing intensity of 250kPa, and press three times to make the soil uniformly compacted.

[0059] During the growth of cotton, various growth indicators were monitored and counted. The results showed that the cotton seed germination rate reached 85%, 15% higher than the control; the seedling survival rate was 80%, 10% higher; and the final cotton yield per mu reached 300kg, 100kg higher than conventional planting, with an increase rate of 50%. Please refer to Table 2.

[0060]

[0061] Table 2 Example 3 Seed treatment: Select salt- and alkali-tolerant corn varieties, soak them in 0.15% sodium chloride solution for 5 hours after screening, rinse with clean water and dry them, then coat them with a seed dressing agent containing the fungicide thiram, the insecticide phoxim, the plant growth regulator indoleacetic acid and a variety of trace elements. The ratio of seed dressing agent to seeds is 1:60.

[0062] Land preparation: For a 1-mu piece of lightly saline-alkali land, deep plow 25cm and harrow the land twice to ensure that the soil is finely broken. Apply 1000kg of compost and 30kg of soil conditioner containing Bacillus subtilis, potassium humate, etc. per mu, and mix them by rotary tillage.

[0063] Sowing: When the local spring ground temperature is stable at above 12°C (late April), use a seeder to sow corn with a sowing depth of 5cm, a row spacing of 50cm, a plant spacing of 30cm, and a sowing amount of 4kg per mu.

[0064] Pressing: Use a roller to press 12 hours after sowing. The pressing strength is 150kPa. Press twice to ensure that the seeds fit well with the soil.

[0065] The growth and yield of corn were tracked and recorded. The results showed that the germination rate of corn seeds reached 90%, 5% higher than the traditional method; the survival rate of seedlings reached 95%, 5% higher; the yield of corn per mu reached 600kg at harvest, 100kg higher than before, and the increase was 20%. Please refer to Figure 3 .

[0066]

[0067] Table 3 The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing yield by suppressing sowing in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seed treatment: Select salt-alkali tolerant varieties, soak the seeds in 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, copper sulfate solution or sodium chloride solution for 5-8 hours, remove them, wash and dry them, and coat them with a seed coating agent containing fungicides, pesticides, plant growth regulators and trace elements. The ratio of seed coating agent to seeds is 1: (40-60); S2. Land preparation: Before sowing, deep plow the saline-alkali land to a depth of 25-35 cm, and then harrow the land 2-4 times. During the harrowing process, 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer and soil conditioner are applied per mu, and the ratio of organic fertilizer to soil conditioner is (20-40):

1. The wheels of the vehicle are replaced with cylindrical wheels or cylinders that rotate synchronously are fixed on the outer circumference of the wheels of the existing vehicle to form cylindrical wheels. The vehicle moves back and forth in the same direction on the land to preliminarily compact the surface soil; S3, sowing: put the treated seeds into the seeder, the rotary tillage depth of the seeder is 3-5cm, the sowing depth is also 3-5cm, and the row spacing is 20-50cm; S4. Suppression: The first suppression is carried out at least 12 hours after sowing. A vehicle with cylindrical wheels is used to drag a roller for suppression. The suppression intensity is 100-300kPa. The suppression intensity of the roller is greater than the pressure of the cylindrical wheels on the soil surface. The number of suppressions in the same area is 2-3 times.

2. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the fungicide is one or more of tebuconazole, carbendazim, and thiram; the insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim; the plant growth regulator is one or more of gibberellins, naphthylacetic acid, and indoleacetic acid; and the trace element is one or more of zinc, boron, iron, and manganese.

3. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer; the soil conditioner comprises one or more of gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, microbial agent, Bacillus subtilis, and potassium humate.

4. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the roller is a disc roller or a roller roller.

5. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a cross-suppression operation mode is adopted, first suppressing once along the first diagonal direction of the plot, and then suppressing twice along the second diagonal direction perpendicular to the first diagonal. When the suppression operation is performed in the first diagonal direction and the second diagonal direction, suppression is first performed in the diagonal path direction, and then the suppression operations on both sides of the diagonal path are completed in turn. The suppression operation of the first diagonal and the suppression operation of the second diagonal are performed alternately, and a first diagonal suppression operation and a second diagonal suppression operation adjacent to each other are defined as a round of suppression operation. The first diagonal suppression operation and the second diagonal suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

6. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a reciprocating suppression operation mode is adopted. First, suppression is performed once along the east-west direction of the plot, and then a second suppression is performed along the north-south direction of the plot. When suppressing in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, suppression is first performed at the edge of the plot in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, and then it moves back and forth to the opposite edges of the plot in turn. The suppression operation in the east-west direction and the suppression operation in the north-south direction are performed alternately. An adjacent east-west direction suppression operation and a north-south direction suppression operation are defined as a round of suppression operation. The east-west direction suppression operation and the north-south direction suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

7. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a spiral suppression operation mode is adopted. First, suppression is performed once along the clockwise direction of the plot, and then a second suppression is performed along the counterclockwise direction of the plot. When suppressing in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, suppression is first performed in the circumferential direction of the edge of the plot in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and then it moves spirally toward the center point of the plot in sequence. The suppression operation in the clockwise direction and the suppression operation in the counterclockwise direction are performed alternately. An adjacent clockwise suppression operation and a counterclockwise suppression operation are defined as a round of suppression operation. The clockwise suppression operation and the counterclockwise suppression operation of the same round are performed continuously, and the interval between adjacent rounds of suppression operations is 2-3 hours.

8. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: Both the primary compaction and the secondary compaction adopt the intermittent vibration compaction operation mode, forming a primary compaction zone and a primary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the primary compaction, and a secondary compaction zone and a secondary non-compaction zone arranged at intervals on the path of the secondary compaction. The primary compaction zone and the secondary compaction zone form a compaction overlapping zone, and the primary non-compaction zone and the secondary non-compaction zone form a non-compacted overlapping zone. The overlapping deviation value of the compaction overlapping zone and the non-compacted overlapping zone is not greater than 5cm, and the non-compacted overlapping zone covers the sowing area corresponding to seed sowing, and the compaction overlapping zone covers the non-sowing area corresponding to the periphery of seed sowing.

9. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: After step S4, after the compaction operation is completed, 20 sampling points per mu are randomly selected in the field and tested using a soil compaction meter; If the compactness of the sowing area where the sampling point is located is lower than 100 kPa, the sowing area is intermittently compacted locally using a handheld compactor, and the compactness of the sowing area is measured after each local supplementary compaction. The compactness of the sowing area after local supplementary compaction is greater than 100 kPa and less than 150 kPa. If the compactness of the non-seeding area where the sampling point is located is lower than 200kPa, a handheld roller is used to perform intermittent local supplementary compaction on the non-seeding area, and the compactness of the non-seeding area is measured after each local supplementary compaction. The compactness of the non-seeding area after local supplementary compaction is greater than 200kPa and less than 300kPa.

10. A method for increasing yield by dry sowing and suppression sowing in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: As the seeder moves forward, the soil hardness, humidity sensors and seed identification sensors installed on the seeder continue to work, transmitting real-time data of the soil and seeds to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system compares the pre-stored database of various soil and seed characteristics, selects the corresponding suppression parameter optimization model, and calculates the suppression vibration frequency and amplitude range for the current soil and seed conditions.

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