A high-temperature germination and drought-rehydration method for indoor incubation of flower buds to improve crocus sativus stigma yield and quality

Abstract

The application provides a high-temperature germination and drought after rehydration indoor incubation flower bud method capable of improving crocus sativus L. yield and quality. Compared with a traditional two-stage cultivation method, the method initiates a high-temperature cumulative dormancy breaking method during crocus sativus L. indoor cultivation flowering period, not only promotes crocus sativus L. early flowering, but also increases crocus sativus L. flowering number, advances root system development time by two months, significantly prolongs corm vegetative growth period, and improves daughter corm yield. Meanwhile, the method can effectively increase crocus sativus L. stigma length, weight, improve crocus sativus L. glycoside content, enhance color, fragrance and taste intensity, thereby significantly improving crocus sativus L. stigma yield and overall quality. In addition, the method significantly reduces crocus sativus L. corm rot disease occurrence through high-temperature treatment and the bacteriostatic effect of quicklime, and greatly improves comprehensive economic benefits of crocus sativus L. production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation technology, and relates to an indoor incubation method for saffron stigma that can improve the yield and quality of saffron stigma by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration. Background Technology

[0002] Saffron, also known as crocus or Tibetan saffron, is the dried stigma of the saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) belonging to the Iridaceae family. It possesses medicinal properties such as promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, cooling the blood, detoxifying, relieving depression, and calming the mind. Because only the stigma at the top of the pistil is used medicinally, its resource is scarce, resulting in an extremely high price. The economic benefits of saffron mainly depend on the yield and quality of its stigmas. Stigma yield is closely related to the number of flowers per bulb and the weight of the stigma, while the number of flowers is mainly affected by the bulb weight and environmental conditions during flower bud differentiation. Stigma quality is judged by the content of its main medicinal components, both of which are closely related to the environmental conditions during flower bud incubation. Furthermore, the flowering time of the bulb indirectly affects the weight of the next generation of daughter bulbs, thus affecting stigma yield. Therefore, regulating the environmental conditions during the indoor incubation of saffron is of paramount importance for improving the economic benefits of saffron as a medicinal material.

[0003] In its native habitat, saffron is typically cultivated continuously for many years. During its summer dormancy period, the bulbs are not dug up, and they bloom outdoors in mid-November, resulting in a relatively high bulb propagation rate. This cultivation method requires low human resources but is relatively extensive, making it difficult to guarantee the yield and quality of saffron stigmas. my country successfully introduced saffron in the 1980s and improved its cultivation method by adopting a "two-stage" cultivation method. The bulbs are kept indoors for six months to cultivate and flower, and after harvesting the flowers indoors, they are planted outdoors for another six months to propagate new bulbs. This method produces higher quality saffron stigmas. However, planting indoors after flower harvesting reduces the vegetative growth time of the saffron bulbs by about two months, making the next generation of bulblets smaller and lighter. 100 kg of bulbs typically yields less than 120 kg of bulblets, resulting in a low propagation rate that significantly restricts large-scale saffron cultivation in my country. If environmental conditions are controlled during indoor incubation to promote earlier flowering, the vegetative growth time of the saffron bulbs can be extended, resulting in larger bulblets. This would not only greatly increase the propagation rate but also improve the yield and quality of the bulblets and stigmas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to provide a method for indoor incubation of saffron flower buds through high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration, significantly improving the yield and quality of saffron stigmas. This method promotes earlier flowering of saffron, increases the number of flowers, advances root development by two months, significantly extends the vegetative growth period of the corms, and increases the yield of daughter corms. Simultaneously, it effectively increases the length and weight of saffron stigmas, enhances the content of crocin in the stigmas, and strengthens their color, aroma, and flavor, thereby significantly improving the yield and overall quality of saffron stigmas. Furthermore, through high-temperature treatment and the antibacterial effect of quicklime, this method significantly reduces the occurrence of saffron corm rot, greatly improving the overall economic benefits of saffron production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for indoor incubation of saffron flower buds involving high-temperature bud induction followed by post-drying rehydration, which can improve the yield and quality of saffron stigmas, includes:

[0007] 1) No later than May 1, dig the bulbs out of the soil, remove any remaining mother bulbs and withered leaves, lay them flat on the ground, and spray with 25% carbendazim (half the concentration of conventional) for disinfection to reduce pesticide residues.

[0008] 2) Place the saffron bulbs indoors under mild conditions until the end of May to promote seed coat aging. Mild indoor conditions refer to an ambient temperature controlled at 20-25℃ and a daytime light intensity controlled at 5 μmol / m². 2 Within / s, the ambient humidity is controlled within 70%; the CO2 concentration does not exceed 600PPM.

[0009] 3) From June 1st to July 15th, place the bulbs treated in step 2) in a greenhouse. During the day, maintain a temperature above 30℃ and below 35℃ for 8-10 hours daily. At night, maintain a temperature above 18℃ and below 25℃, with a temperature difference of at least 10℃ between day and night. Control the daytime light intensity at 5 μmol / m². 2 The indoor CO2 concentration should be kept below 600 PPM throughout the day, and the ambient humidity should be controlled below 60%. Preferably, electric heating is used to regulate temperature, effectively avoiding O2 consumption and CO2 release caused by chemical combustion heating; ventilation is used to regulate CO2 concentration; four layers of shading mesh are used to control light intensity; and a dehumidifier is used to regulate humidity. Through this treatment, dormancy can be broken one month earlier, the number of flowers increased by 20%, and the incidence of rot disease reduced by 20%.

[0010] 4) Starting July 16th, the saffron bulbs processed in step 3) are placed in a dry cultivation device. This device consists of a base layer of quicklime, followed by a layer of vermiculite to bury the saffron bulbs, and finally, a layer of quicklime on top of the vermiculite layer, forming a quicklime-vermiculite-quicklime "sandwich" dry cultivation system. The humidity in this device is controlled below 5%. Environmental conditions during dry cultivation include: an ambient temperature of 18–22°C; and daytime light intensity controlled at 1000 μmol / m². 2 / s or less; ambient humidity controlled within 50%; indoor CO2 concentration not exceeding 500PPM.

[0011] 5) In early October, observe the color of the pistils of the faster-developing flowers. If the pistil color reaches the set color, resume hydroponics.

[0012] 6) Place the saffron bulbs in a hydroponic culture device, adding distilled water until it just touches the bottom of the bulb to induce root growth. Change the water every 4-5 days until the bulbs flower. Environmental conditions for hydroponic cultivation: temperature 14-16℃; light intensity maintained at 15000 umol / m². 2 / s or higher; ambient humidity 40-60%; indoor CO2 concentration not exceeding 500 PPM.

[0013] Preferably, in step 4), the thickness of the quicklime spread on the bottom surface is 2-3 cm. Quicklime not only absorbs moisture but also provides nutrients for root absorption.

[0014] Preferably, in step 4), the thickness of the vermiculite layer is sufficient to cover the saffron bulb.

[0015] Preferably, in step 4), the thickness of the quicklime covering the vermiculite layer is 2-3 cm. Quicklime not only absorbs moisture but also inhibits bacteria, reducing the incidence of rot by 20%.

[0016] Preferably, in step 5), the color of the pistil is determined by a colorimetric card. The colorimetric card corresponds to the color change of the saffron pistil from the early white stage to the scarlet red stage when it blooms, and is set as follows: white, yellow 1, yellow 2, yellow 3, yellow 4, orange 1, orange 2, orange 3, orange 4, orange 5, red 1, red 2, red 3.

[0017] More preferably, in step 5), five bulbs are randomly selected from the dry cultivation device, the longer terminal buds are peeled off, and the color of the pistil of the faster-developing flower is observed. If the color of the pistil has reached the red 1 stage in the color chart, hydroponics is resumed.

[0018] Preferably, in step 6), placing the saffron bulbs in the hydroponic cultivation device includes: placing the saffron bulbs in a hydroponic planting cup, and then placing the planting cup in a disposable plastic cup.

[0019] Preferably, in step 6), the indoor environment is kept bright, and doors and windows are not blocked from sunlight; when there is insufficient light on cloudy or rainy days, fluorescent lights are turned on to supplement the light, and the light intensity is maintained at 15000 umol / m 2 / s or more.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention proposes for the first time a method for indoor incubation of saffron flower buds through high-temperature budding followed by drought and rehydration, which can improve the yield and quality of saffron stigmas. The method involves digging the saffron bulbs from the soil no later than May 1st, disinfecting them, and then placing them indoors under mild conditions until the end of May. From June 1st to July 15th, the saffron bulbs are placed in a greenhouse for high-temperature treatment to break dormancy early. Starting July 16th, a "sandwich" drought treatment device using quicklime-vermiculite-quicklime is used, and hydroponics is resumed in early October to promote root development. The optimal diurnal high and low temperature limits for breaking dormancy, the optimal temperature for incubation during flower bud differentiation, the starting point and humidity conditions for drought treatment were optimized, and the optimal timing for resuming hydroponics was determined. Compared with the traditional two-stage cultivation method, this method pioneers a high-temperature cumulative dormancy-breaking method during the indoor cultivation and flowering period of saffron. This not only promotes earlier flowering of saffron but also increases the number of flowers, advances root development by two months, significantly extends the vegetative growth period of the bulbs, and increases the yield of daughter bulbs. Meanwhile, this method can effectively increase the length and weight of saffron stigmas, improve the content of crocin in the stigmas, and enhance their color, aroma, and flavor, thereby significantly increasing the yield and overall quality of saffron stigmas. Furthermore, through high-temperature treatment and the antibacterial effect of quicklime, this method significantly reduces the occurrence of saffron corm rot, greatly improving the overall economic benefits of saffron production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of different stages of pistil development in an embodiment of the present invention. A. White, B. Yellow, C. Orange.

[0024] Figure 3 The images show the dry cultivation device (left) and the hydroponic cultivation device (right) used in this embodiment of the invention.

[0025] Figure 4 The effect of different germination temperatures on saffron flowering: A: Differences in the proportion of flowering bulbs to total bulbs at different germination temperatures; B: Differences in the number of flowers per bulb at different germination temperatures.

[0026] Figure 5 Displays the FKPM value of each candidate gene.

[0027] Figure 6 This is the standard colorimetric card of the pistil used in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0029] Example

[0030] I. Experimental Methods

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for indoor incubation of saffron flower buds through high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration, which can improve the yield and quality of saffron stigmas. The method mainly includes the following steps:

[0032] 1. On May 1st, dig out the saffron bulbs from the soil and clean them up promptly, removing any remaining mother bulbs and withered leaves. Lay them flat on the ground to avoid piling them up, thus reducing the chance of the bulbs getting infected. Spray with 25% carbendazim (half the concentration of the usual solution) for disinfection to reduce pesticide residues.

[0033] 2. After disinfection, place the bulbs indoors under mild conditions until the end of May. This provides a suitable environment for the new bulb seed coat to mature and age, improving the bulbs' tolerance to high temperatures. Mild indoor conditions refer to an ambient temperature controlled at 20-25℃ and a daytime light intensity controlled at 5 μmol / m². 2 Within / s, the ambient humidity is controlled within 70%; the CO2 concentration does not exceed 600PPM.

[0034] 3. From June 1st to July 15th, the bulbs should be placed in a greenhouse. During the day (7:00 AM to 5:00 PM), the temperature should be controlled between 30°C and 35°C for 8-10 hours daily. At night (5:00 PM to 7:00 AM the next day), the temperature should be controlled between 18°C ​​and 25°C, with a temperature difference of at least 10°C between day and night. Daytime light intensity should be controlled at 5 μmol / m². 2 The indoor CO2 concentration should be kept below 600 PPM throughout the day, and the ambient humidity should be controlled below 60%. Temperature is regulated using electric heating, effectively avoiding O2 consumption and CO2 release caused by chemical combustion heating. CO2 concentration is regulated through ventilation. Light intensity is controlled using four layers of shading mesh. Humidity is regulated using a dehumidifier. This treatment process can break dormancy one month earlier, increase the number of flowers by 20%, and reduce the incidence of rot disease by 20%.

[0035] 4. After the dormancy period of the saffron bulbs in step 3 has ended (the terminal buds have begun to elongate and become pointed, and under a stereomicroscope, flower bud differentiation can be seen to have begun, with the pistil being white), Figure 2 As shown in Figure A, the saffron bulbs were cultivated in a dry cultivation device. The specific procedure was as follows: Quicklime was spread evenly on the bottom surface, approximately 2-3 cm thick; then a layer of vermiculite was laid on top of the quicklime, and the saffron bulbs were buried in this layer, the vermiculite layer being thick enough to cover the saffron bulbs; finally, a layer of quicklime, 2-3 cm thick, was placed on top of the vermiculite layer, forming a quicklime-vermiculite-quicklime "sandwich" dry cultivation device. Figure 3 As shown on the left, the humidity in the drought cultivation device is controlled below 5%. Environmental conditions during drought cultivation: ambient temperature 18–22℃; daytime light intensity controlled at 1000 μmol / m². 2 Within / s; ambient humidity controlled below 50%; indoor CO2 concentration not exceeding 500PPM. This period is the development period of flower organs and requires adequate light. Too much darkness indoors will cause the terminal buds of saffron to elongate excessively, affecting flower development.

[0036] 5. In early October, randomly select 5 bulbs from the dry cultivation device, peel open the longer terminal buds, and observe the color of the pistils of the faster-developing flowers. If the color of all pistils has reached the color chart (see...), then... Figure 6 The red 1 stage in the diagram indicates that hydroponics can be resumed.

[0037] 6. Hydroponic cultivation equipment, such as Figure 3 (Right) As shown: Place the saffron bulbs in a hydroponic planting cup, then place the planting cup in a disposable plastic cup, adding distilled water until it just touches the bottom of the bulb to induce root growth. Change the water every 4-5 days until the bulb flowers. Environmental conditions for resuming hydroponic cultivation: temperature 14-16℃; keep the room bright, with doors and windows not blocking sunlight; on cloudy or rainy days when light is insufficient, use supplemental lighting, maintaining a light intensity of 15000 umol / m². 2 / s or higher. CO2 concentration not exceeding 500 PPM; ambient humidity 40-60%. Starting in late October, it enters its flowering period and requires ample sunlight to bloom.

[0038] II. Results and Analysis

[0039] 1. Germination temperature selection

[0040] Temperature significantly affects saffron flowering. To explore the differences in flower bud differentiation rates among domestic saffron varieties during the temperature variation period, 23-27g corms (which normally flower) were treated at 6℃ for one and a half months from June 1st to July 15th, and then returned to normal temperature for cultivation. The results showed that none of the corms flowered (no flower primordia differentiation was observed); after treatment at 16℃ for one and a half months, the proportion of flowering corms was approximately 21%; after treatment at 18℃ for one and a half months, the proportion of flowering corms was approximately 71%; and after treatment at 20℃, 25℃, and 33℃ for one and a half months, the proportion of flowering corms approached 100% (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (As shown in A).

[0041] From June 1st to July 15th, saffron was treated at 20℃, 25℃, 33℃, and 35℃ for one and a half months, then returned to normal temperature. The number of flowers per bulb was then counted. It was found that at 20℃, the average number of flowers per bulb was approximately 2.4; at 25℃, the average number was approximately 3.1; at 33℃, the average number increased significantly to 3.7; and at 35℃, the average number decreased again to approximately 2.0 (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (as shown in B).

[0042] Based on the above results, an incubation temperature of 33℃ for flower buds can significantly increase the number of flowers. Therefore, we determined the optimal bud-promoting temperature to be above 30℃ and below 35℃.

[0043] 2. Phenotypic comparison

[0044] 2.1 Comparisons were made using different cultivation methods. The two-stage method involved digging up saffron bulbs from the soil in April-May, placing them indoors until flowering, then replanting them in the soil, and digging them up again the following April-May. The drought method involved digging up saffron bulbs from the soil in April-May, placing them in a drought device until flowering, then replanting them in the soil, and digging them up again the following April-May. The method used in this application involved digging up saffron bulbs from the soil in April-May, disinfecting them, placing them indoors until the end of May, placing them in a greenhouse from June 1st to July 15th, placing them in a drought device from July 16th onwards, resuming hydroponics in early October, replanting them in the soil after flowering, and digging them up again the following April-May. In the comparative experiment, saffron bulbs dug up from the soil on May 1st were cultivated using different methods until flowering, then replanted in the soil, and dug up again on May 1st of the following year. The stigma length and fresh weight of saffron grown using different cultivation methods were determined, and the crocin content was determined by HPLC-MS / MS. Statistical analysis was performed, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0045] Table 1. Results of determination of pistil length, fresh weight and crocin content in saffron under different cultivation methods

[0046]

[0047] 2.2 The color, aroma, and flavor intensity of saffron grown using different methods were determined according to ISO 3632 standard (ISO 3632-1, 2011), and statistical analysis was performed. The results are shown in the table below:

[0048] Table 2. Results of color, aroma, and flavor intensity determination of saffron under different cultivation methods

[0049]

[0050] Based on the above results, compared with the traditional two-stage cultivation method or the drought method, the method of this application can significantly improve the stigma length, fresh weight, crocin content, and color, aroma and flavor intensity of saffron, thus greatly improving the quality of saffron. At the same time, the method of this application can advance flowering by about one month, thereby extending the vegetative growth period of the corm, which is beneficial to improving the quality and yield of the stigma in the following year.

[0051] 3. Comparison of expression levels of candidate genes

[0052] Transcriptome sequencing was performed on saffron stigmas under different treatment conditions. Gene expression levels in the crocin metabolic pathway were analyzed, and Pearson correlations were performed between gene expression data and crocin content data at various stages. Genes with low p-values ​​and high correlation coefficients were preliminarily identified as molecular markers characterizing crocin content. The following candidate genes were screened as potential molecular markers (see Table 3). By measuring the expression levels of these candidate genes, the ability to synthesize crocin in different groups and individuals can be predicted. Furthermore, by artificially intervening in cultivation conditions, the ability to synthesize crocin can be improved, laying the foundation for enhancing stigma quality.

[0053] Table 3. p-values ​​and correlation coefficients for different candidate genes

[0054]

[0055] Combination Figure 5 As shown, all of the above candidate genes are strongly positively correlated with crocin content, indicating that these genes can be selected for expression level determination to predict crocin content.

[0056] III. Optimization of Post-Drought Re-watering Conditions

[0057] 1. Starting point and humidity of drought treatment

[0058] To optimize the starting point of drought treatment, different colored pistils were used as the discrimination criterion, and a standard colorimetric card for pistils was created, such as... Figure 6As shown, the color change of saffron pistils, from the early white stage to the scarlet stage at flowering, is a gradual accumulation and transformation process. Furthermore, the color is closely related to the crocin content. Literature reports significant differences in the expression levels of crocin synthesis genes at different color stages. Therefore, artificial intervention in cultivation conditions at different stages greatly affects the quality of saffron stigmas. However, due to individual sensory differences, each person's perception of different colors varies considerably. Therefore, creating a standardized colorimetric card is crucial for screening and selecting appropriate stages for artificial intervention to achieve the optimal conditions for improving stigma quality.

[0059] Based on different stages of pistil development (e.g. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the treatment started at different humidity levels and was subjected to drought treatment. Then, hydroponics was resumed at the Red 1 stage. The final saffron content was compared to screen the optimal starting time and humidity.

[0060] Table 4. Saffron glycoside content at different stages of pistil development, after drought treatment at different humidity levels, with hydroponics beginning to recover at stage 1.

[0061]

[0062] The results showed that when the white pistil was used as the initial stage and the humidity was 5%, the crocin content was the best and the quality improvement was the most significant.

[0063] 2. Timing for resuming hydroponics

[0064] Using white pistils as the initial stage, the plants were subjected to drought treatment with 5% humidity. Hydroponics was resumed when the pistil color reached yellow 4, orange 3, and red 1 on the color chart, respectively. The saffron glycoside content of different groups was compared to screen the optimal time point for resuming hydroponics.

[0065] Table 5. Recovery of crocin content in hydroponics at different pistil colors after drought treatment with white pistils as the initial stage and 5% humidity.

[0066]

[0067] The results showed that when hydroponics was resumed when the pistil color reached stage 1 (red) on the color chart, the saffron glycoside content was the best and the quality improvement was the most significant.

[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples to illustrate the present invention more clearly, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for indoor incubation of saffron flower buds through high-temperature bud induction followed by post-drying rehydration, which can improve the yield and quality of saffron stigmas, comprising: 1) No later than May 1, dig the bulbs out of the soil, remove the remaining mother bulbs and withered leaves, lay them flat on the ground, and spray with 25% carbendazim for disinfection to reduce pesticide residues; 2) Place the saffron bulbs in a mild indoor environment until the end of May to promote the aging of the bulb seed coat. Mild indoor conditions refer to: ambient temperature controlled at 20~25℃, daytime light intensity controlled at less than 5 μmol / m² / s, ambient humidity controlled at less than 70%, and CO2 concentration not exceeding 600PPM. 3) From June 1st to July 15th, place the bulbs treated in step 2) in a greenhouse. During the day, control the temperature to be above 30℃ and below 35℃ for 8-10 hours each day. At night, control the temperature to be above 18℃ and below 25℃, with a temperature difference of no less than 10℃ between day and night. Control the daytime light intensity to be below 5 μmol / m² / s, the indoor CO2 concentration to be below 600 PPM, and the ambient humidity to be below 60%. 4) Starting July 16th, the saffron bulbs processed in step 3) were placed in a dry cultivation device. This device consisted of a base layer of quicklime, followed by a layer of vermiculite to bury the saffron bulbs, and finally, a layer of quicklime on top of the vermiculite layer, forming a quicklime-vermiculite-quicklime "sandwich" dry cultivation device. The humidity in the dry cultivation device was controlled below 5%. The environmental conditions during dry cultivation were: ambient temperature 18-22℃; daytime light intensity controlled below 1000 μmol / m² / s; ambient humidity controlled below 50%; and indoor CO2 concentration not exceeding 500 PPM. 5) In early October, five bulbs were randomly selected from the arid cultivation device. The longer terminal buds were peeled off, and the color of the pistils of the faster-developing flowers was observed. The color of the pistils was determined by a color chart. The color chart corresponding to the color change of the saffron pistils from the early white stage to the scarlet red stage when flowering was set as follows: white, yellow 1, yellow 2, yellow 3, yellow 4, orange 1, orange 2, orange 3, orange 4, orange 5, red 1, red 2, red 3. If the color of the pistils had all reached the red 1 stage in the color chart, hydroponics was resumed. 6) Place the saffron bulbs in a hydroponic culture device, add distilled water until it just touches the bottom of the bulb, and induce root growth. Change the water every 4-5 days until the bulbs flower. Environmental conditions for hydroponic cultivation: ambient temperature 14-16℃; light intensity maintained above 15000 μmol / m² / s; ambient humidity 40-60%; indoor CO2 concentration not exceeding 500 PPM.

2. The indoor incubation method for flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4) Place the saffron bulbs, which have been kept in the greenhouse until the end of their dormancy period and have white pistils, into a dry cultivation device for further cultivation.

3. The indoor incubation method for flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the thickness of the quicklime spread on the bottom surface is 2-3 cm.

4. The indoor incubation method for flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the vermiculite layer is thick enough to cover the saffron bulb.

5. The indoor incubation method for flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), the thickness of the quicklime covering the vermiculite layer is 2-3 cm.

6. The indoor incubation method for flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6) involves placing the saffron bulbs in the hydroponic cultivation device by placing the saffron bulbs in a hydroponic planting cup and then placing the planting cup in a disposable plastic cup.

7. The method for indoor incubation of flower buds by high-temperature germination followed by post-drying rehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6), the room should be kept bright and doors and windows should not be blocked from the sun; when the light is insufficient on cloudy or rainy days, turn on the fluorescent lights to supplement the light, and maintain the light intensity above 15000 μmol / m² / s.

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