Papaya extract for assisting in reducing blood sugar and preparation method of papaya extract

Abstract

The invention discloses a papaya extract for assisting in reducing blood sugar and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant extracts. The preparation method of the papaya extract for assisting in reducing blood sugar comprises the following steps: mixing papaya with an alkaline solution, adding a stabilizer, and performing alkali extraction and filtration to obtain filter residues and filtrate; performing purification treatment on the filtrate to obtain a precursor A; carrying out enzymolysis treatment on the filter residues, filtering to obtain filtrate, carrying out alcohol precipitation treatment, and then collecting precipitates to obtain a precursor B; and combining the precursor A and the precursor B to obtain the pawpaw extract. The pawpaw extract prepared by the invention has a remarkable effect in the aspect of assisting in reducing blood sugar, has no side effect on a human body, has a lasting drug effect, is simple and convenient in preparation process, has a very good application value, and provides a powerful support for developing a blood sugar reducing drug.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant extracts, in particular to a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of modern life and changes in dietary structure, diabetes and its complications have become serious public health problems worldwide. The research and development of hypoglycemic drugs and treatment methods is therefore particularly important. Synthetic hypoglycemic drugs play an important role in the treatment of diabetes, but these drugs also have some defects; drugs can only control blood sugar, but cannot cure diabetes. Diabetic patients usually need to use hypoglycemic drugs for life to control blood sugar, which not only causes patients to become dependent on drugs, but also causes irreversible damage to the patient's liver and kidneys, and later medication will also produce resistance to related drugs. In recent years, natural plant extracts have received widespread attention in the field of hypoglycemics due to their few side effects and wide sources. As a nutritious fruit that is both medicinal and edible, papaya's potential in lowering blood sugar is gradually being explored.

[0003] Papaya is a plant of the genus Chaenomeles in the Rosaceae family, which contains a variety of ingredients that are beneficial to human health. Recent studies have found that the alcohol extract of papaya has good hypoglycemic activity. In addition, the polysaccharides and polyphenols in papaya can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, reduce insulin resistance, and further reduce blood sugar levels. Studies have shown that the active ingredients in papaya, such as alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, also have pharmacological activities such as softening blood vessels, lowering blood lipids, anti-oxidation, and protecting the liver, and have a positive effect on diabetic patients. In the process of preparing papaya extract, the choice of extraction method has an important influence on the activity and purity of the final product. However, the existing extraction methods of papaya extract often focus on improving its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and there is still little research on how to improve its hypoglycemic activity, which still needs further improvement.

[0004] In summary, the present invention aims to further improve the extraction process of papaya extract, so as to play a greater role in the field of hypoglycemic effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology. The papaya extract prepared by the present invention has a significant effect in assisting in lowering blood sugar, has no side effects on the human body, has a long-lasting efficacy, and has a simple and convenient preparation process, has good application value, and provides strong support for the development of hypoglycemic drugs.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Mixing papaya with an alkaline solution, adding a stabilizer, performing alkaline extraction, and filtering to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate;

[0009] Purifying the filtrate to obtain precursor A;

[0010] The filter residue is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, filtered to obtain a filtrate, subjected to alcohol precipitation, and then the precipitate is collected to obtain a precursor B;

[0011] The precursor A and the precursor B are combined to obtain the papaya extract.

[0012] Preferably, the alkaline solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol / L; the material-liquid ratio of the papaya to the alkaline solution is 1 g:5-20 mL.

[0013] Preferably, the stabilizer is lactic acid and / or phosphate; the added amount of the stabilizer is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the papaya.

[0014] Preferably, the alkali extraction is carried out under ultrasonic conditions, with an ultrasonic frequency of 50-100 kHz, a power of 100-300 W, a temperature of 60-70° C., and a time of 1-1.5 h.

[0015] Preferably, the purification treatment comprises the following steps: mixing the filtrate with ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1-5 for precipitation for 5-12 hours, and then concentrating to 1 / 5 of the volume of the filtrate.

[0016] Preferably, the enzyme types of the enzymatic hydrolysis treatment are amylase and cellulase, the pH value is 4.5-6.5, the temperature is 50-60° C., and the time is 40-60 min.

[0017] Preferably, the alcohol precipitation treatment comprises the following steps: mixing the filtrate with ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1-5 and precipitating for 10-20 hours.

[0018] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar obtained according to the above preparation method.

[0019] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the papaya extract in the preparation of hypoglycemic drugs.

[0020] The technical principles of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] Compared with acid extraction and other methods, alkaline extraction can achieve better extraction effect in this system; this may be because the active ingredients in the raw material system of the present invention are easier to dissolve and extract under alkaline conditions.

[0022] When the extraction temperature in the alkaline extraction stage is higher than the range specified in the present invention, the polysaccharides therein will be excessively degraded, thereby affecting their physiological activity.

[0023] During the preparation of papaya extract, cellulase can decompose cellulose and hemicellulose in papaya, promote the dissolution of plant cell walls, dissolve more substances in plant cells, facilitate the extraction of polyphenols, and improve the extraction rate of effective ingredients.

[0024] The papaya extract of the present invention is rich in dietary fiber, which helps to slow down the digestion and absorption speed of food, reduce the fluctuation of blood sugar, and thus helps to stabilize blood sugar.

[0025] The enzymatic hydrolysis time of the present invention should not be too long, otherwise too many effective ingredients will be decomposed into small molecules, which will affect its blood sugar-lowering activity.

[0026] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] The papaya extract prepared by the present invention has a significant effect in assisting blood sugar reduction, has no side effects on the human body, has a long-lasting drug effect, and has a simple and convenient preparation process, has good application value, and provides strong support for the development of hypoglycemic drugs. The present invention improves the extraction effect of the effective ingredients in papaya, and ensures that the hypoglycemic activity of the extract is retained to the greatest extent. The improvement of the hypoglycemic effect of the papaya extract of the present invention may be achieved by further inhibiting the absorption of glucose in the upper part of the small intestine to reduce the blood sugar content, and has the potential to treat type 2 diabetes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and this detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

[0031] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in the present invention are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0032] The volume concentration of ethanol used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is 95%.

[0033] All raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are commercially available products.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for preparing a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) After the papaya is cleaned, it is chopped and then mixed with a 0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:10 mL, and then 0.5% of lactic acid equivalent to the mass of the papaya is added as a stabilizer to prevent the degradation of polysaccharides and other components during the extraction process; then ultrasonic extraction is performed (ultrasonic frequency is 60 kHz, power is 200 W, temperature is 65° C., and time is 1.5 h). After the extraction is completed, citric acid is added for neutralization treatment to reduce the pH value of the solution to a neutral range; filtering is performed to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate;

[0037] The filtrate was mixed with ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:3 and precipitated for 8 h, and then concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation to 1 / 5 of the volume of the filtrate to obtain precursor A;

[0038] (2) Weigh 100 mg of α-amylase and 100 mg of cellulase and dissolve them in 10 mL of deionized water to obtain an enzyme solution;

[0039] The filter residue was mixed with the enzyme solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 5 mL, the pH value was adjusted to 6.5, and enzymolysis was performed (ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz, power of 200 W, temperature of 55 ° C, time of 50 min), and then inactivated at 100 ° C for 5 min, and the filtrate was collected by filtration, and the filtrate was mixed with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:3 for precipitation for 15 h, and then the precipitate was collected by centrifugation to obtain precursor B;

[0040] (3) Precursor A and precursor B are combined and mixed evenly using a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a papaya extract.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for preparing a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar, comprising the following steps:

[0043] (1) After the papaya is cleaned, it is chopped and then mixed with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:15 mL, and then 0.4% of lactic acid equivalent to the mass of the papaya is added as a stabilizer to prevent the degradation of polysaccharides and other components during the extraction process; then ultrasonic extraction is performed (ultrasonic frequency is 60 kHz, power is 200 W, temperature is 60° C., and time is 1 h). After the extraction is completed, citric acid is added for neutralization treatment to reduce the pH value of the solution to a neutral range; filtering is performed to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate;

[0044] The filtrate was mixed with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:3 and precipitated for 10 h, and concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation to 1 / 5 of the volume of the filtrate to obtain precursor A;

[0045] (2) Weigh 100 mg of α-amylase and 100 mg of cellulase and dissolve them in 10 mL of deionized water to obtain an enzyme solution;

[0046] The filter residue was mixed with the enzyme solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 5 mL, the pH value was adjusted to 6.5, and enzymolysis was performed (ultrasonic frequency of 60 kHz, power of 200 W, temperature of 55 ° C, time of 50 min), and then inactivated at 100 ° C for 5 min, and the filtrate was collected by filtration, and the filtrate was mixed with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:3 for precipitation for 15 h, and then the precipitate was collected by centrifugation to obtain precursor B;

[0047] (3) Precursor A and precursor B are combined and mixed evenly using a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a papaya extract.

[0048] Comparative Example 1 (replacing alkaline extraction with acid extraction)

[0049] The only difference from Example 1 is that the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is replaced by an equal mass of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (concentration 0.1 mol / L).

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] The only difference from Example 1 is that the cellulase is replaced by an equal amount of pectinase.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of the stabilizer is omitted.

[0054] Effect verification

[0055] Animal experiments have verified the hypoglycemic effect of the papaya extract:

[0056] 80 type 2 diabetic rats (GK rats) were divided into 8 treatment groups, of which 7 treatment groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar feed (daily diet was rat basic feed with 15wt% glucose and 10wt% animal oil added), and the treatment group fed with rat basic feed was used as control (basic feed group). Before the experiment, the rats were fed with the corresponding feed for 2 weeks to ensure blood sugar stability; among the treatment groups fed with high-fat and high-sugar feed, 6 treatment groups were selected and gavaged with the products of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and precursor A and precursor B in Example 1 (measured at 200 mg / kg), and the treatment group gavaged with the same amount of deionized water was used as control (high-fat and high-sugar feed group); the average fasting blood sugar levels of rats in each group at the 0th, 3rd and 9th weeks of feeding were counted, and the gavage of papaya extract and deionized water was stopped at the 9th week, and the average fasting blood sugar levels of rats were tested one week after the gavage was stopped. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Average blood glucose level (mmol / L)

[0058] Week 0 Week 3 Week 9 Stop taking for 1 week Example 1 26.6 17.5 16.8 19.3 Comparative Example 1 27.2 24.2 24.9 26.3 Comparative Example 2 27.1 22.5 22.1 24.7 Comparative Example 3 26.7 23.0 22.4 23.3 Precursor A 26.9 22.2 21.8 23.1 Precursor B 26.8 20.1 19.4 21.5 Basic feed group 6.2 6.4 6.7 / High-fat and high-sugar diet group 27.1 28.3 29.0 28.4

[0059] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing papaya with an alkaline solution, adding a stabilizer, performing alkaline extraction, and filtering to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate; Purifying the filtrate to obtain precursor A; The filter residue is subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, filtered to obtain a filtrate, subjected to alcohol precipitation, and then the precipitate is collected to obtain a precursor B; The precursor A and the precursor B are combined to obtain the papaya extract.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline solution is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol / L; the material-liquid ratio of the papaya to the alkaline solution is 1 g:5-20 mL.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizer is lactic acid and / or phosphate; the added amount of the stabilizer is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the papaya.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkali extraction is carried out under ultrasonic conditions, with an ultrasonic frequency of 50-100 kHz, a power of 100-300 W, a temperature of 60-70° C., and a time of 1-1.5 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification process comprises the following steps: mixing the filtrate with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:1-5 for precipitation for 5-12 hours, and then concentrating to 1 / 5 of the volume of the filtrate.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzyme types of the enzymatic treatment are amylase and cellulase, the pH value is 4.5-6.5, the temperature is 50-60° C., and the time is 40-60 min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alcohol precipitation treatment comprises the following steps: mixing the filtrate with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:1-5 and performing precipitation for 10-20 hours.

8. A papaya extract for assisting in lowering blood sugar obtained according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the papaya extract according to claim 8 in the preparation of hypoglycemic drugs.