A Compact Tool Change Driving Mechanism and Its Usage Method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly to a compact tool changing drive mechanism and its usage method. The mechanism includes a fixed sleeve with a positioning groove provided on the inner wall, and a push block capable of entering and exiting the positioning groove; a power shaft that rotates within the fixed sleeve; a lead screw is provided at one end of the power shaft; a transmission disc is sleeved at the other end; a first tooth ring is provided on the end face of the transmission disc; a motor for driving the power shaft to rotate; a transmission sleeve that rotates within the fixed sleeve; a positioning slider is provided on the side of the transmission sleeve; a meshing disc that moves along the axis is provided on the transmission sleeve, and a second tooth ring is provided on the end face of the meshing disc; a transmission structure is further provided on the transmission sleeve for the linkage of the positioning slider and the meshing disc. A sliding sleeve slides along the axis within the transmission sleeve and rotates synchronously with the transmission sleeve; one end of the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the lead screw; the other end of the sliding sleeve always extends out of the fixed sleeve for installing a tool changing arm. The present invention can effectively solve the problem of the excessively large volume of the existing tool changing mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly relates to a compact tool changing drive mechanism and a using method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The tool changing mechanism is an important part of a numerical control machine tool. It closely cooperates with the numerical control system to realize the automatic replacement of the machining tool in the machine tool spindle and the tool magazine, so as to ensure the continuous machining of different processes. Through the tool changing mechanism, the numerical control machine tool can automatically select and replace the required tool, reduce manual intervention and downtime, and greatly improve the machining efficiency and accuracy.

[0003] The tool changing mechanism usually has a tool changing arm equipped with two tool claws. Its tool changing function requires the tool changing arm to be able to move and rotate. Therefore, in the traditional tool changing mechanism, usually more drive sources need to be set up to achieve this. In the prior art, usually a motor is used to drive the rotation of the tool changing arm, and a pneumatic or hydraulic push rod is used to control the movement of the tool changing arm. Under the above structure, the pneumatic and hydraulic structures require a complete set of external air sources and hydraulic systems, and also need to leave space for the movement of the push rod. At the same time, monitoring equipment needs to be set at the position of the tool claws for monitoring, resulting in a large overall volume of the tool changing mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a compact tool changing drive mechanism and a using method thereof, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing tool changing mechanism in the background art is too large in volume and occupies too much space.

[0005] A compact tool changing drive mechanism provided by the present invention includes:

[0006] A fixed sleeve, which is independently and fixedly arranged; a positioning groove extending axially is arranged on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve; the fixed sleeve is also provided with a push block that can enter and exit the positioning groove;

[0007] A power shaft, which is rotatably arranged in the fixed sleeve; a lead screw is arranged at one end of the power shaft; a transmission disk is sleeved and fixed at the other end; a first tooth ring is arranged on the end face of the transmission disk facing the lead screw;

[0008] A motor, which is used to drive the power shaft to rotate;

[0009] A transmission sleeve, which is rotatably arranged in the fixed sleeve; a positioning slider that moves radially is arranged on the side of the transmission sleeve; a meshing disk that moves axially is arranged at one end of the transmission sleeve facing the transmission disk; a second tooth ring is arranged on the end face of the meshing disk facing the first tooth ring; the transmission sleeve is also provided with a transmission structure for the linkage of the positioning slider and the meshing disk, so that when the positioning slider moves outwards, the meshing disk moves away from the transmission disk, and when the positioning slider moves inwards, the meshing disk moves closer to the transmission disk;

[0010] The sliding sleeve slides along the axis within the drive sleeve and rotates synchronously with the drive sleeve; one end of the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the lead screw; the other end of the sliding sleeve always extends out of the fixed sleeve and is used for installing the tool changing arm.

[0011] Further, the fixed sleeve further includes a rotating and shifting sleeve, which is sleeved on the outside of the fixed sleeve; the push block is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rotating and shifting sleeve; a gear or a worm wheel is arranged on the outside of the rotating and shifting sleeve; the push block is provided with an inclined surface.

[0012] Further, the surface of the push block facing the drive sleeve is set as a curved surface, and the radius of the curved surface is equal to the radius of the inner wall of the fixed sleeve.

[0013] Further, the transmission structure includes:

[0014] The first oil passage is arranged at one end of the drive sleeve close to the engagement disc;

[0015] The first piston moves within the first oil passage;

[0016] The second oil passage is arranged on the outer side surface of the drive sleeve;

[0017] The second piston is fixedly connected with the positioning slider and moves within the second oil passage;

[0018] The connecting oil passage communicates the first oil passage and the second oil passage;

[0019] One end of the spring rod passes through the drive sleeve and is fixedly connected with the engagement disc, and the other end is provided with a chuck;

[0020] The first spring is sleeved on the spring rod and is arranged between the chuck and the drive sleeve;

[0021] The second spring is arranged between the drive sleeve and the positioning slider.

[0022] Further, the transmission structure further includes: an oil filling oil passage arranged on the outer side surface of the drive sleeve and communicating with the connecting oil passage; a plug for blocking the oil filling oil passage.

[0023] Further, a chute is arranged at the end of the positioning slider; the drive sleeve is further provided with a limit screw, which is screwed on the drive sleeve and the bottom of the limit screw extends into the chute.

[0024] Further, there are two second oil passages, second pistons, second springs, chutes and limit screws, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the positioning slider.

[0025] Further, a guide groove extending along the axis is arranged on the inner wall of the drive sleeve; a guide key fixedly arranged on the outer side surface of the sliding sleeve extends into the guide groove; an oil plug is fixedly arranged at one end of the drive sleeve close to the tool changing arm for blocking the end surface of the guide groove.

[0026] Furthermore, a surface of the positioning slider away from the transmission sleeve is configured as a curved surface structure.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for using a compact tool-changing drive mechanism, which is used for the compact tool-changing drive mechanism as described above, comprising:

[0028] The tool changing arm moving steps: the push block moves out of the positioning groove, so that the positioning slider of the transmission sleeve can extend into the positioning groove, thereby limiting the rotation of the transmission sleeve; and driven by the transmission structure, the meshing plate will move away from the transmission plate, so that the first gear ring and the second gear ring are separated, and at this time, the rotation of the power shaft can only be driven by the lead screw to drive the sliding sleeve to slide;

[0029] The steps for rotating the tool changing arm are as follows: the push block enters the positioning groove, and the positioning slider of the transmission sleeve is pushed out of the positioning groove. Driven by the transmission structure, the meshing plate will be close to the transmission plate, so that the first gear ring and the second gear ring are meshed. At this time, the power shaft and the transmission sleeve will start to rotate synchronously; after the positioning slider is offset from the positioning groove, the push block is immediately moved out of the positioning groove. At this time, after the transmission sleeve rotates a specific angle to realign the positioning slider with the positioning groove, the positioning slider will enter the positioning groove, and the first gear ring and the second gear ring will be separated, so as to limit the rotation of the transmission sleeve again and complete the rotation and transposition of the tool changing arm.

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0031] The tool change drive mechanism enables the tool change arm to move and rotate through one motor, and through the physical cooperation between the positioning slider and the positioning slot, it can not only ensure the accuracy of positioning, but also eliminate the traditional numerous monitoring systems, so that the structural volume of the mechanism can be greatly reduced. In addition, the vibration impact of the mechanism during the movement process can also be reduced, and when the tool change arm moves to any position, the tool change arm can be rotated and transposed, thereby greatly improving the use scenario of the mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a compact tool changing drive mechanism in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 Another view of the schematic structural diagram of the compact tool-changing drive mechanism of the present invention (the fixing sleeve is hidden);

[0035] Figure 3 It is the structural breakdown view of the compact tool changing drive mechanism in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is the front view of the compact tool changing drive mechanism in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 In the present invention Figure 4 The sectional view at position A;

[0038] Figure 6 It is the side view of the compact tool changing drive mechanism in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 In the present invention Figure 6 The sectional view at position B (tool changing arm moving state);

[0040] Figure 8 In the present invention Figure 6 The sectional view at position B (tool changing arm rotating state);

[0041] Figure 9 It is the sectional view of the fixed sleeve in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 It is the sectional view of the transmission sleeve (tool changing arm moving state) in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 It is the sectional view of the transmission sleeve (tool changing arm rotating state) in the present invention;

[0044] Reference numerals: 1, fixed sleeve; 1a, positioning groove; 1b, push block; 1c, rotating and transposing sleeve; 2, power shaft; 2a, lead screw; 2b, transmission disk; 3, transmission sleeve; 3a, positioning slider; 3b, meshing disk; 3c, first oil passage; 3d, first piston; 3e, second oil passage; 3f, second piston; 3g, connecting oil passage; 3h, spring rod; 3i, first spring; 3j, second spring; 3k, oil filling passage; 3l, sealing plug; 3m, oil plug; 4, sliding sleeve. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] The present invention relates to a compact tool change driving mechanism, as Figures 1 to 11 shown, which includes a fixed sleeve 1, a power shaft 2, a motor, a transmission sleeve 3, and a sliding sleeve 4. The specific structures of each component are as follows:

[0049] The fixed sleeve 1 is independently and fixedly arranged, usually fixedly installed on a moving platform, and the whole tool change driving mechanism can move in the machine tool driven by the moving platform. A positioning groove 1a extending along the axial direction of the fixed sleeve 1 is provided on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 1; the fixed sleeve 1 is also provided with a push block 1b that can enter and exit the positioning groove 1a, and the push block 1b enters the positioning groove 1a from the side facing the outside of the fixed sleeve 1.

[0050] The power shaft 2 is arranged inside the fixed sleeve 1, and the power shaft 2 rotates along its own axis. One end of the power shaft 2 is provided with a lead screw 2a; the other end is sleeved with a transmission disk 2b relatively fixed to the power shaft 2; a first tooth ring is provided on the end face of the transmission disk 2b facing the lead screw 2a.

[0051] The motor is fixed on the fixed sleeve 1 and drives the power shaft 2 to rotate by means of gear transmission, belt transmission, chain transmission, etc.

[0052] The transmission sleeve 3 is arranged inside the fixed sleeve 1 and rotates along its own axis. A positioning slider 3a that moves radially along the transmission sleeve 3 is arranged on the side of the transmission sleeve 3; one end of the transmission sleeve 3 facing the transmission disc 2b is provided with an engaging disc 3b that moves along the axis of the transmission sleeve 3, and a second tooth ring is arranged on the end face of the engaging disc 3b facing the first tooth ring. The transmission sleeve 3 is also provided with a transmission structure for the linkage of the positioning slider 3a, so that when the positioning slider 3a moves outward (i.e., away from the axis of the transmission sleeve 3), the engaging disc 3b moves away from the transmission disc 2b, and when the positioning slider 3a moves inward (i.e., close to the axis of the transmission sleeve 3), the engaging disc 3b moves close to the transmission disc 2b.

[0053] The sliding sleeve 4 slides along the axis inside the transmission sleeve 3 and rotates synchronously with the transmission sleeve 3. One end of the sliding sleeve 4 is sleeved on the lead screw 2a and meshes with the lead screw 2a to form a lead screw-slider structure. The other end of the sliding sleeve 4 always extends out of the fixed sleeve 1, and the extended end is used to install the tool change arm.

[0054] The working principle of this compact tool change driving mechanism can be understood in combination with its corresponding usage method. The usage method of the compact tool change driving mechanism is as follows:

[0055] Tool change arm movement step: This step is the extension and retraction actions of the tool change arm. It is necessary to maintain the accuracy of the position of the tool claws on the tool change arm to ensure that the tool claws can smoothly clamp the tool. Therefore, the sliding sleeve 4 can only move in extension and retraction and cannot rotate. At this time, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 10 , the push block 1b moves out of the positioning groove 1a, so that the positioning slider 3a of the transmission sleeve 3 can extend into the positioning groove 1a, thereby restricting the rotation of the transmission sleeve 3, and further restricting the rotation of the sliding sleeve 4; and driven by the transmission structure, the engaging disc 3b will move away from the transmission disc 2b, separating the first tooth ring and the second tooth ring. At this time, after the motor drives the power shaft 2 to rotate, it can only drive the sliding sleeve 4 to slide through the lead screw 2a to realize the movement of the tool change arm.

[0056] Tool change arm rotation step: This step is the action of the tool change arm to exchange the positions of the two tool claws by rotation. It is necessary to ensure that the sliding sleeve 4 can only rotate and cannot move in extension and retraction. At this time, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 11 , the push block 1b enters the positioning groove 1a, pushing the positioning slider 3a of the transmission sleeve 3 out of the positioning groove 1a, and driven by the transmission structure, the engaging disc 3b will move close to the transmission disc 2b, meshing the first tooth ring and the second tooth ring. At this time, the power shaft 2 will drive the transmission sleeve 3 to rotate synchronously through the transmission disc 2b, and then drive the sliding sleeve 4 to rotate. In this case, since the power shaft 2 and the sliding sleeve 4 are in a synchronous rotation state, the lead screw 2a will not drive the sliding sleeve 4 to move.

[0057] After the positioning slider 3a is displaced from the positioning groove 1a, the pushing block 1b is immediately moved out of the positioning groove 1a. At this time, after the transmission sleeve 3 rotates by a specific angle to realign the positioning slider 3a and the positioning groove 1a, the positioning slider 3a will enter the positioning groove 1a, and the first tooth ring and the second tooth ring will separate, restricting the rotation of the transmission sleeve 3 again to complete the rotational displacement of the tool changing arm.

[0058] It can be seen that through the above structure, this tool changing drive mechanism enables the two actions of moving and rotating the tool changing arm to be completed by one motor. Therefore, its main structure can be greatly reduced, and there is no need to set up two sets of power structures for moving and rotating like traditional drive mechanisms. At the same time, in the rotation positioning of the tool changing arm, through the physical cooperation between the positioning slider 3a and the positioning groove 1a, this tool changing drive mechanism can not only ensure the positioning accuracy but also eliminate the traditional cumbersome monitoring system, thus enabling the further reduction of this mechanism.

[0059] In addition, due to the structural characteristics of the start-up and hydraulic pushing devices of traditional tool changing drives, not only will there be a large impact during the movement of the tool changing arm, but the tool changing arm can only stop at two extreme positions. However, this mechanism drives the sliding sleeve 4 through the lead screw 2a. Not only is the vibration impact during the movement reduced, but when the sliding sleeve 4 drives the tool changing arm to move to any position, the rotational displacement of the tool changing arm can be achieved through the method in the tool changing arm rotation step, thus greatly enhancing the applicable scenarios of this mechanism.

[0060] The movement of the pushing block 1b can be achieved through existing technologies such as electromagnetic pushers. In order to minimize the structure for driving the pushing block 1b, it is preferably possible to adopt the structure as Figure 9 shown: The fixed sleeve 1 further includes a rotation displacement sleeve 1c. The rotation displacement sleeve 1c is sleeved outside the fixed sleeve 1 so that it can rotate on the fixed sleeve 1; the pushing block 1b is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rotation displacement sleeve 1c. A rotation groove that penetrates through the inside and outside is provided on the outside of the fixed sleeve 1. The pushing block 1b will change its position in the rotation groove as the rotation displacement sleeve 1c rotates; gears or worm wheels are provided on the outside of the rotation displacement sleeve 1c. At this time, a small motor can be used to drive the rotation of the rotation displacement sleeve 1c; the pushing block 1b is provided with an inclined surface, and the positioning slider 3a can be better pushed through the inclined surface.

[0061] Preferably, the surface of the pushing block 1b facing the transmission sleeve 3 is set as a curved surface, and the radius of the curved surface is equal to the radius of the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 1. In this way, when the transmission sleeve 3 rotates, the positioning slider 3a can smoothly be displaced from the positioning groove 1a along the curved surface of the pushing block 1b without being stuck.

[0062] The transmission structure inside the transmission sleeve 3 can be realized by pure mechanical connection forms such as connecting rods. However, the manufacturing of connecting rods is difficult and they wear out quickly. Therefore, a better transmission structure form using hydraulic oil is proposed in this mechanism, such as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, including:

[0063] The first oil passage 3c is arranged at one end of the transmission sleeve 3 close to the engagement disc 3b, and one end of the first oil passage 3c is communicated with the end face of the transmission sleeve 3;

[0064] The first piston 3d moves in the first oil passage 3c. One end of the first piston 3d will extend outwards and is pushed through this extended section;

[0065] The second oil passage 3e is arranged on the outer side surface of the transmission sleeve 3, and one end of the second oil passage 3e is communicated with the side surface of the transmission sleeve 3;

[0066] The second piston 3f is fixedly connected to the positioning slider 3a and moves in the second oil passage 3e;

[0067] The connecting oil passage 3g communicates the first oil passage 3c and the second oil passage 3e;

[0068] The spring rod 3h passes through the transmission sleeve 3 at one end and is fixedly connected to the engagement disc 3b, and a chuck is arranged at the other end;

[0069] The first spring 3i is sleeved on the spring rod 3h and is arranged between the chuck and the transmission sleeve 3;

[0070] The second spring 3j is arranged between the transmission sleeve 3 and the positioning slider 3a.

[0071] The operating principle of this transmission structure is as follows:

[0072] When the push block 1b pushes the positioning slider 3a to move inwards, the second spring 3j will be compressed. At the same time, the second piston 3f will move inwards, squeezing out the hydraulic oil in the second oil passage 3e. The squeezed hydraulic oil will flow into the first oil passage 3c along the connecting oil passage 3g, thereby pushing the first piston 3d. The first piston 3d will move outwards and push the engagement disc 3b towards the transmission disc 2b. The first spring 3i will be compressed, and finally the first tooth ring and the second tooth ring will be engaged. During the rotation of the transmission sleeve 3, the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 1 will always press on the positioning slider 3a, making the positioning slider 3a always stop in the innermost state, so that the first tooth ring and the second tooth ring remain engaged.

[0073] When the push block 1b moves out of the positioning groove 1a and the transmission sleeve 3 rotates until the positioning slider 3a is aligned with the positioning groove 1a, the positioning slider 3a will be pushed into the positioning groove 1a by the compressed second spring 3j. At this time, the oil will return from the first oil channel 3c to the second oil channel 3e, and the compressed first spring 3i will also push the meshing plate 3b to move away from the transmission plate 2b, thereby realizing the separation of the first gear ring and the second gear ring.

[0074] Preferably, the transmission structure further includes: an oil filling passage 3k, which is arranged on the outer side of the transmission sleeve 3 and communicates with the connecting oil passage 3g; and a sealing plug 31, which is used to block the oil filling passage 3k. With this structure, the optimal amount of hydraulic oil can be accurately injected into the transmission structure to avoid excessive pressure caused by too much oil or failure of linkage caused by too little oil. The specific steps for installation are as follows:

[0075] After installing all parts except the motor and the sealing plug 3l, push the positioning slider 3a to the innermost side, then rotate the transmission sleeve 3 at an angle to stagger the positioning slider 3a and the positioning groove 1a and maintain them, then manually pull the engaging plate 3b to make the first gear ring and the second gear ring mesh and maintain them, then fill oil through the refueling oil channel 3k, stop refueling when you see oil overflowing from the refueling oil channel 3k, and then install the sealing plug 3l; finally, rotate the transmission sleeve 3 back to the angle where the positioning slider 3a and the positioning groove 1a are aligned, and then install the motor to complete the installation.

[0076] Preferably, a slide groove is provided at the end of the positioning slider 3a, and a limit screw is provided on the transmission sleeve 3. The limit screw is screwed on the transmission sleeve 3, and the bottom of the limit screw extends into the slide groove. The sliding distance of the positioning slider 3a is controlled by the limit screw to prevent the positioning slider 3a from falling. When the positioning slider 3a is controlled to slide to the outermost side, only half of the positioning slider 3a extends into the positioning groove 1a, so that when the transmission sleeve 3 is restricted, it can transmit force through the side of the positioning slider 3a, thereby ensuring the limiting effect and protecting the second piston 3f from being skewed.

[0077] In order to ensure that the positioning slider 3a can move more smoothly, two of the second oil channel 3e, the second piston 3f, the second spring 3j, the slide groove and the limit screw are respectively provided at both ends of the positioning slider 3a.

[0078] The sliding sleeve 4 slides along the axis in the transmission sleeve 3 and rotates synchronously with the transmission sleeve 3 through the following structure: a guide groove extending along the axis is set on the inner wall of the transmission sleeve 3; a guide key extending into the guide groove is fixedly set on the outer side of the sliding sleeve 4; an oil plug 3m is fixedly set at one end of the transmission sleeve 3 close to the tool change arm to block the end face of the guide groove. This structure can make the sliding sleeve 4 more convenient to install, and under this structure, the length of the guide key can be set relatively long, thereby improving the stability of the movement of the sliding sleeve 4.

[0079] Since the surface of the positioning slider 3a away from the transmission sleeve 3 will rub against the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 1, this surface can be set as a curved surface structure to reduce friction and extend the service life of the component.

[0080] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A compact tool change drive mechanism, characterized in that: include: A fixed sleeve (1) is independently fixed; a positioning groove (1a) extending in the axial direction is provided on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (1); and a push block (1b) capable of entering and moving out of the positioning groove (1a) is also provided on the fixed sleeve (1); A power shaft (2) is rotatably arranged in the fixed sleeve (1); a screw rod (2a) is arranged at one end of the power shaft (2); a fixed transmission disc (2b) is sleeved at the other end; a first gear ring is arranged on the end surface of the transmission disc (2b) facing the screw rod (2a); A motor, used for driving the power shaft (2) to rotate; A transmission sleeve (3) is rotatably arranged in the fixed sleeve (1); a positioning slider (3a) movable in the radial direction is arranged on the side of the transmission sleeve (3); an engaging disk (3b) movable along the axis is arranged at one end of the transmission sleeve (3) facing the transmission disk (2b), and a second toothed ring is arranged on the end surface of the engaging disk (3b) facing the first toothed ring; the transmission sleeve (3) is also provided with a transmission structure for linkage between the positioning slider (3a) and the engaging disk (3b), so that when the positioning slider (3a) moves outward, the engaging disk (3b) moves away from the transmission disk (2b), and when the positioning slider (3a) moves inward, the engaging disk (3b) moves close to the transmission disk (2b); A sliding sleeve (4) has one end sleeved on the screw rod (2a); when the engagement disk (3b) is away from the transmission disk (2b), the sliding sleeve (4) slides along the axis in the transmission sleeve (3); when the engagement disk (3b) is close to the transmission disk (2b), the sliding sleeve (4) rotates synchronously with the transmission sleeve (3); the other end of the sliding sleeve (4) always extends out of the fixed sleeve (1) for mounting a tool changing arm.

2. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed sleeve (1) further comprises a rotational transposition sleeve (1c), wherein the rotational transposition sleeve (1c) is sleeved on the outside of the fixed sleeve (1); the push block (1b) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the rotational transposition sleeve (1c); a gear or a worm gear is arranged on the outside of the rotational transposition sleeve (1c); and the push block (1b) is provided with an inclined surface.

3. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A surface of the push block (1b) facing the transmission sleeve (3) is arranged as a curved surface, and the radius of the curved surface is equal to the radius of the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (1).

4. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission structure comprises: A first oil passage (3c) is arranged at one end of the transmission sleeve (3) close to the engagement disc (3b); A first piston (3d) moves in the first oil passage (3c); A second oil passage (3e) is arranged on the outer side of the transmission sleeve (3); A second piston (3f) is fixedly connected to the positioning slider (3a) and moves in the second oil passage (3e); A connecting oil passage (3g) connecting the first oil passage (3c) and the second oil passage (3e); A spring rod (3h), one end of which passes through the transmission sleeve (3) and is fixedly connected to the engagement disk (3b), and the other end of which is provided with a chuck; A first spring (3i), sleeved on the spring rod (3h) and arranged between the chuck and the transmission sleeve (3); The second spring (3j) is arranged between the transmission sleeve (3) and the positioning slide block (3a).

5. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission structure further comprises: an oil filling passage (3k), which is arranged on the outer side of the transmission sleeve (3) and is in communication with the connecting oil passage (3g); The sealing plug (31) is used to block the oil filling passage (3k).

6. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sliding groove is arranged at the end of the positioning sliding block (3a); a limiting screw is also arranged on the transmission sleeve (3), the limiting screw is screwed on the transmission sleeve (3), and the bottom of the limiting screw extends into the sliding groove.

7. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second oil passage (3e), the second piston (3f), the second spring (3j), the slide groove and the limit screw are each provided in pairs and are respectively provided at two ends of the positioning slide block (3a).

8. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the transmission sleeve (3) is provided with a guide groove extending along the axis; the outer side surface of the sliding sleeve (4) is fixedly provided with a guide key extending into the guide groove; and an oil plug (3m) is fixedly provided at one end of the transmission sleeve (3) close to the tool changing arm for sealing the end surface of the guide groove.

9. The compact tool change drive mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A side of the positioning slide block (3a) away from the transmission sleeve (3) is arranged as a curved surface structure.

10. A method for using a compact tool change drive mechanism, characterized in that: A compact tool change drive mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: The tool changing arm moving steps are as follows: the push block (1b) moves out of the positioning groove (1a), so that the positioning slide block (3a) of the transmission sleeve (3) can extend into the positioning groove (1a), thereby limiting the rotation of the transmission sleeve (3); and driven by the transmission structure, the meshing disc (3b) will move away from the transmission disc (2b), so that the first gear ring and the second gear ring are separated, and at this time, the rotation of the power shaft (2) can only be driven by the screw rod (2a) to drive the sliding sleeve (4) to slide; The tool changing arm rotation steps are as follows: the push block (1b) enters the positioning groove (1a), pushes the positioning slider (3a) of the transmission sleeve (3) out of the positioning groove (1a), and driven by the transmission structure, the meshing plate (3b) approaches the transmission plate (2b), so that the first gear ring and the second gear ring are meshed, and at this time the power shaft (2) and the transmission sleeve (3) start to rotate synchronously; after the positioning slider (3a) and the positioning groove (1a) are offset, the push block (1b) is immediately moved out of the positioning groove (1a), and at this time the transmission sleeve (3) rotates a specific angle, so that the positioning slider (3a) and the positioning groove (1a) are realigned, the positioning slider (3a) enters the positioning groove (1a), and the first gear ring and the second gear ring are separated, so that the rotation of the transmission sleeve (3) is restricted again, and the rotation and displacement of the tool changing arm are completed.

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