Wall-breaking auxiliary additive for ganoderma spores

Abstract

The invention discloses a wall-breaking auxiliary additive for ganoderma spores and a preparation method of the wall-breaking auxiliary additive. The preservative is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of diethylamine, 45-48 parts of citric acid, 20-24 parts of oxalic acid, 10-13 parts of vitamin E, 1-5 parts of yeast nucleic acid and 0.5-2 parts of amylase. According to the wall-breaking auxiliary additive for the ganoderma lucidum spores, provided by the invention, cell walls of the ganoderma lucidum spores can rapidly form a porous structure during ultrasonic wall breaking, so that effective components in cells are rapidly released, and the wall-breaking rate can reach 98%.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant spore wall breaking, and in particular to a ganoderma lucidum spore wall breaking auxiliary additive. Background technology:

[0002] Lingzhi belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Hymenomycetes, Aphyllophytes, Ganoderma, and Ganoderma. It is the only one in the Five Classics recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica and has extremely high nutritional and health value. Lingzhi is mainly divided into red ganoderma, purple ganoderma, yellow ganoderma, white ganoderma, black ganoderma, and green ganoderma. According to statistical data, Lingzhi is grown in various regions of my country, with Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Fujian as the main production areas. Lingzhi contains a large amount of water-soluble proteins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins, lectins, glycoproteins and other substances, which have immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and antiviral effects. The amino acids in Lingzhi are characterized by many types, high content, and high activity. It is rich in 8 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids in the human body, and has anti-tumor, anti-viral, and antibacterial effects. The amino acid with the highest content in Lingzhi is leucine, which has a strong ability to lower blood sugar and antioxidant activity. In addition, Ganoderma lucidum is rich in serine and aspartic acid, which can accelerate the regeneration and repair of organ tissues and improve the liver's antioxidant function. It can also excrete aging metabolites and foreign toxins in the body, thereby ensuring the normal function of the liver.

[0003] Ganoderma spores are the reproductive cells of Ganoderma lucidum, ejected from the gills of mature Ganoderma lucidum. In recent years, people have found that Ganoderma lucidum spores have stronger pharmacological effects than ordinary Ganoderma lucidum, making the study of Ganoderma lucidum spores gradually become a hot topic of academic research at home and abroad. Ganoderma lucidum spores contain rich nutrients and active ingredients, including polysaccharides, terpenes, amino acids, alkaloids, organic germanium and other ingredients, and have good health care effects in immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic, liver protection, and prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, a fat-soluble compound Ganoderma lucidum spore oil can be extracted from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and its chemical components mainly contain fatty acids and glycerides, terpenes, steroids, etc. Scientific research has confirmed that Ganoderma lucidum spore oil can change the skin condition and has beauty effects, and has significant anti-aging, anti-oxidation, and anti-radiation effects. Even the Ganoderma lucidum spore residues left after extracting spore oil, after in-depth research, have shown that they also contain rich active ingredients such as polysaccharides, which have great potential value in the fields of medicine and health care. At present, there is no large-scale cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder in China, and the product is in short supply. Due to the high food and medicinal value of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, there is a large gap in the fresh food market and health care drug market, and the market development prospects are broad.

[0004] The wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores is extremely hard, which is because it is mainly composed of chitin, cellulose, lignin, etc. Such hard Ganoderma lucidum spores are difficult to be effectively digested after use. Because Ganoderma lucidum spores have a double skeleton structure, more peptide bonds and a dense structure, their effective ingredients are not easily absorbed and utilized by the human body. Therefore, in order to make full use of the effective substances in Ganoderma lucidum spores, it is usually necessary to break the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores in production to release its nutrients and physiologically active ingredients. The wall breaking rate has also become one of the important indicators for judging the quality of broken wall Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. The wall breaking technology can not only improve the digestion and absorption rate of Ganoderma lucidum spores, but also make it easier for people to obtain the rich nutrition in Ganoderma lucidum spores. At the same time, the wall breaking technology can also extract the physiologically active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum spores. These ingredients have multiple effects such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory, which have a profound impact on people's health.

[0005] There are many types of cell wall breaking technologies, which can be divided into three categories according to the principles of cell wall breaking: mechanical method, non-mechanical method, and combined method.

[0006] Mechanical methods refer to the use of mechanical external forces, such as crushing, grinding, and grinding, to achieve the purpose of crushing and breaking the wall. Mechanical methods include: (1) Grinding and breaking the wall method: the material is finely ground and crushed by high-precision grinding equipment. This technology is the earliest developed wall breaking technology, which can effectively improve the taste and nutritional value of food, while reducing energy consumption and pollution during processing, but the wall breaking rate is not high. (2) Grinding media crushing method: a method that uses the extrusion force and shear force generated by the relative movement between particles and grinding media to achieve crushing. Typical equipment for grinding media crushing includes ball mills, vibration mills, and stirring mills. These equipment can effectively realize the crushing process, improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and ensure product quality and consistency. Compared with the grinding and breaking method, it can more thoroughly break food cells and release more nutrients. (3) Glass bead shaking breaking method: using the hardness and density of glass beads, when the glass beads are shaken in the liquid, they will generate strong mechanical force, which can effectively break the cell wall and release the nutrients in the cell. (4) High-pressure homogenization: refers to the sudden decompression, high-speed collision, and strong shearing of cells under high pressure, thereby destroying the cell wall. This method has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, short extraction time, and high biological activity of the extracted components. The high-pressure homogenization method is easy to operate and has a good effect when breaking cells intermittently in small batches. It has been widely used in laboratories and industrial production and is suitable for the crushing of yeast and most cells. (5) Ultrasonic crushing method: Its principle is to use the polar substances in the cells to absorb microwaves and the temperature rises sharply, causing the cytoplasm to expand and the intracellular liquid to vaporize, generating strong pressure to break through the cell wall, thus producing many tiny holes. Continuing heating will reduce the intracellular liquid, shrink the cells, and cause large cracks, thereby achieving cell wall breaking. Although ultrasonic wall breaking technology can effectively break cell walls, it is generally limited to laboratory scale and has not yet been widely used in industry. (6) High-speed shearing wall breaking method: It mainly relies on high-speed shearing equipment, which rotates at a speed of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute in a very short time, generating huge centrifugal force, friction and impact force, which can penetrate the hard flesh and squeeze out the nutrients in the cells, while avoiding damage to the food. The advantages of this method are large processing capacity, good product stability, not easy to destroy milk stratification, relatively durable and easy to maintain machines, and more diverse homogenization forms. The disadvantage is that the machine is large in size. (7) Pulsed electric field method: A physical method that uses high-voltage electromagnetic pulses to process materials. Most of the existing methods for breaking the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores mainly break the cell wall structure of Ganoderma lucidum spores or change the permeability of their cell membranes. High-voltage pulse electric field technology is pollution-free and time-saving. (8) Supercritical fluid method: A method that uses ultra-high pressure gas to enter the cell and suddenly reduce the pressure to cause a huge pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cell, causing the cell to rupture. At the same time, due to cell explosion, fluid expansion, and rapid temperature reduction, the loss of nutrients and flavor substances caused by high temperature is avoided, and the product quality is better.Since CO2 is non-toxic, harmless, and has no residue, and is a common inert gas, it is usually used as a cell wall breaking medium. At present, supercritical extraction technology is still in its growth stage. High investment, large operating costs, and long extraction time hinder its industrial application. (9) Ultrafine grinding method: Its principle is to use the mutual collision between particles and mechanical impact, shearing, and grinding to achieve cell crushing. Ultrafine grinding technology can quickly crush materials at low temperatures, protect active substances that are not resistant to high temperatures, and is conducive to crushing heat-sensitive materials. However, the high energy consumption, very low energy utilization rate, and high cost of preparing powders of ultrafine grinding technology limit its use in the field of cell wall breaking.

[0007] Non-mechanical methods are mainly divided into three categories: chemical cell wall breaking, biological enzymatic hydrolysis and freezing cell wall breaking. (1) Chemical cell wall breaking: Various chemical reagents are used to destroy and loosen the cell wall structure to allow nutrients to flow out. Chemical cell wall breaking mainly includes organic solvent cell wall breaking, extraction cell wall breaking, acid degradation, alkaline degradation, acid-heat method and other methods. These chemical reagents include certain antibiotics, acids and alkalis, chaotropes, chelating agents, detergents, surfactants, inorganic or organic solvents. (2) Biological enzymatic hydrolysis: Biological enzymatic hydrolysis is a new technology for cell wall breaking that has been applied in various fields in recent years. The selection of appropriate single enzymes or complex enzymes can gently decompose the cell wall and accelerate the dissolution of effective active ingredients, thereby improving the extraction efficiency. It mainly uses the enzyme system produced by the fermentation process of beneficial bacteria such as yeast, mold, lactic acid bacteria, or the addition of cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, chitinase and other enzymes to degrade the cell wall and release intracellular substances to achieve cell wall breaking. It mainly includes self-fermentation method, inoculated strain fermentation method, enzyme degradation method, trigger cell wall breaking method and so on. (3) Freezing cell wall breaking method: In a freezing environment, ice crystals will be produced in the intracellular liquid, and the hydrophobic bond structure of the cell membrane will be destroyed, the cell wall pore size will be enlarged, and the permeability of both will be improved. In addition, the osmotic pressure changes, the electrolyte increases, and the protein denaturation accelerates the flow of external liquid into the internal liquid, causing the ice crystals in the cell to continue to grow and the expansion pressure to increase, and finally the cells are broken. It mainly includes temperature difference cell wall breaking method, liquid nitrogen quenching method, and repeated freeze-thaw method.

[0008] At present, the wall breaking of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder mostly adopts a comprehensive wall breaking method using several wall breaking technologies, such as antioxidant low-temperature physical composite wall breaking technology, microwave pretreatment air flow crushing wall breaking method, etc. The comprehensive wall breaking technology activates the activity of spores under suitable conditions (such as low temperature, microwave, etc.), has a high wall breaking rate, and can keep the effective ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum spores from being destroyed to the greatest extent. This technology has a short wall breaking time and advanced process technology, but the wall breaking cost and wall breaking rate need to be optimized. Summary of the invention:

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive with a high wall-breaking rate.

[0010] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a wall-breaking auxiliary additive for Ganoderma lucidum spores and a preparation method thereof, which mainly includes the following contents:

[0011] A ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of diethylamine, 45-48 parts of citric acid, 20-24 parts of oxalic acid, 10-13 parts of vitamin E, 1-5 parts of yeast nucleic acid and 0.5-2 parts of amylase.

[0012] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned Ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of diethylamine, 46 parts of citric acid, 21 parts of oxalic acid, 13 parts of vitamin E, 4.5 parts of yeast nucleic acid, and 0.5 parts of amylase.

[0013] The above-mentioned Ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive is generally used in the ultrasonic wall-breaking process, and the Ganoderma lucidum spores to be broken are immersed in the wall-breaking auxiliary additive, and ultrasonic vibration and stirring are performed at the same time.

[0014] Beneficial effects:

[0015] The ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive provided by the present invention can make the cell wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore quickly form a porous structure during ultrasonic wall-breaking, so that the effective ingredients in the cells are quickly released, effectively improving the wall-breaking effect of the ganoderma lucidum spores, and the wall-breaking rate can reach 98%. Specific implementation method:

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0017] Embodiment 1:

[0018] A ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of diethylamine, 46 parts of citric acid, 21 parts of oxalic acid, 13 parts of vitamin E, 4.5 parts of yeast nucleic acid and 0.5 parts of amylase.

[0019] Embodiment 2:

[0020] A ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of diethylamine, 46 parts of citric acid, 23 parts of oxalic acid, 10 parts of vitamin E, 5 parts of yeast nucleic acid and 0.5 parts of amylase.

[0021] Embodiment 3:

[0022] A ganoderma lucidum spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive comprises, by weight, 100 parts of diethylamine, 47 parts of citric acid, 21 parts of oxalic acid, 13 parts of vitamin E, 1 part of yeast nucleic acid and 2 parts of amylase.

[0023] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ganoderma spore wall-breaking auxiliary additive, characterized in that: The components are calculated by weight, and the additive formula contains: 100 parts of diethylamine; 45-48 parts of citric acid; Oxalic acid 20-24 parts; Vitamin E 10-13 parts; 1-5 copies of yeast nucleic acid; 0.5-2 parts of amylase.

2. The additive for assisting the breaking of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components are calculated by weight, and the additive formula contains: 100 parts of diethylamine; 45-48 parts of citric acid; Oxalic acid 20-24 parts; Vitamin E 10-13 parts; 1-5 copies of yeast nucleic acid; 0.5-2 parts of amylase.