A steerable high-pressure water jet device and cutterhead that assists TBM rock breaking and escape

Abstract

The present invention discloses a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting a TBM in breaking rocks and getting out of trouble, and provides a TBM cutterhead using such a device. The steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting a TBM in breaking rocks and getting out of trouble of the present invention comprises a driving device, a steering device, a clamping device, a housing and a housing cover; the driving device, the steering device and the clamping device are respectively fixedly connected to the housing, and the housing cover is connected to the top of the housing. The driving device comprises a reduction motor fixed to the housing; the steering device comprises a worm gear, a worm, two tapered roller bearings and a rotating shaft; the worm is connected to the reduction motor via a key; the worm gear is meshed with the worm; the rotating shaft is connected to the worm gear via a key, and two tapered roller bearings are respectively arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft; the clamping device comprises a clamping plate, a high-pressure water gun and a high-pressure water pipe; the clamping plate is connected to the rotating shaft, the high-pressure water gun passes through the clamping plate from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate, and the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of TBM full-face tunnel boring machines, and in particular relates to a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM in breaking rocks and getting out of trouble. Background Art

[0002] As a large-scale medium-to-large-scale mechanical equipment in tunnel engineering, the full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) boasts advantages such as high excavation speed, environmental friendliness, and high overall efficiency. It is now widely used in railway, hydropower, and highway tunnel projects. In recent years, TBM research and development in my country has rapidly advanced. Currently, TBM excavation is primarily achieved through the interaction of the cutter disc with the hard rock at the tunnel face. The rotating cutterhead drives the cutter across the tunnel face. The combined effects of rolling force, normal force, and lateral force on the cutter create radial cracks in the hard rock, which then propagate and break up the rock, enabling tunneling.

[0003] However, when TBM encounters high-hardness rock, a series of problems will arise, such as low rock breaking efficiency, high cutter consumption, and slow construction progress. At the same time, during the rock breaking process of the TBM cutter, if the rock breaking is unfavorable, the broken hard rock can easily block the cutter, which requires the TBM to escape. However, relying solely on the TBM's own escape efficiency is extremely low and can easily cause safety accidents. Among the existing solutions, the invention patent - 2021116462335.4 - A water jet-assisted forming of a special-section cutter disc, a tunnel boring machine and a method, this patent does not deploy the water jet mechanism on the disc, but only sets a water jet mechanism on the shield body, and sets a water jet in the external area of ​​the cutter disc. The high-pressure water flow ejected is too far away from the cutter, and the auxiliary rock breaking effect is not ideal, and it does not have the function of assisting escape. Invention Patent 202211720008.6 - A method for extricating a double-shield TBM from a rock convergence and deformation jam. This method does not utilize water jets to assist in the extrication, but instead utilizes a horizontal pilot tunnel excavation method. This method is more dangerous than water jet-assisted extrication. Invention Patent 201911025316.5 - A high-pressure water jet cutter and its combined rock-breaking and rock-breaking TBM cutterhead and method. This device implements a water jet device on a TBM cutterhead, but it can only spray water in a fixed direction, lacking flexibility. Therefore, it is necessary to design a device that can both assist the TBM in rock breaking, improve rock breaking efficiency, protect the cutter, and help the TBM escape.

[0004] High-pressure water jets offer advantages such as safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness when impacting high-hardness targets. Therefore, using high-pressure water jets to assist in rock breaking is a feasible method. Currently available patents have proposed concepts for rock breaking with water jets, but no reasonable solutions exist for deploying water jet injection devices on TBM cutterheads or using water jets to assist TBMs in getting out of trouble. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, and provides a TBM cutterhead using this steerable high-pressure water jet device. The present invention can provide a high-pressure water jet in the excavation direction to assist in rock breaking during normal TBM excavation, thereby improving rock breaking efficiency and protecting the cutter; when the TBM needs to escape, the jet pipe is turned to a certain angle to provide a high-pressure water jet in the direction of the cutter, assisting in breaking the hard rock that hinders the rolling of the cutter, thereby achieving assisted escape and improving escape efficiency while ensuring safety. The technical solutions provided by the present invention are:

[0006] A steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, comprising a water jet spray box 1, the water jet spray box 1 comprising a drive device 101, a steering device 102, a clamping device 103, a box body 104, and a box cover 105; the drive device 101, the steering device 102, and the clamping device 103 are respectively fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the box cover 105 is connected to the top of the box body 104;

[0007] The driving device 101 includes a reduction motor 1011 fixed on the box body 104;

[0008] The steering device 102 includes a worm wheel 1021, a worm 1022, two tapered roller bearings 1025 and a rotating shaft (1027;

[0009] The worm 1022 is connected to the reduction motor 1011 via a key; the worm wheel 1021 is meshed with the worm 1022;

[0010] The rotating shaft 1027 is connected to the worm gear 1021 via a key, and the two tapered roller bearings 1025 are respectively provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 1027;

[0011] The clamping device 103 includes a clamping plate 1031, a high-pressure water gun 1032, and a high-pressure water pipe 1033; the clamping plate 1031 is connected to the rotating shaft 1027, the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate 1031, and the high-pressure water pipe 1033 is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun 1032;

[0012] The box cover 105 is provided with a spray port 1051 corresponding to the high-pressure water gun 1032 .

[0013] Furthermore: the steering device 102 also includes an L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and a worm fixing plate 1024 fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 are respectively provided with holes allowing the worm 1022 to pass through, and the worm wheel 1021 is meshedly connected with the worm 1022 supported by the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024.

[0014] Furthermore: the steering device 102 also includes a cover plate 1028, two tapered roller bearings 1025, one connected to the box body 104, and the other connected to the cover plate 1028; the cover plate 1028 is provided with a hole allowing the rotating shaft 1027 to pass through, and is fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the clamping plate 1031 is connected to the part of the rotating shaft 1027 passing through the cover plate.

[0015] Furthermore, sleeves 1026 for axial fixation are respectively provided at both ends of the worm gear 1021 .

[0016] Furthermore: the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the hole of the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate 1031 by tightening the screw 1034 and the tightening nut 1035.

[0017] Furthermore: the injection port 1051 is in an upwardly arched shape.

[0018] Furthermore: the bottom of the box body 104 has a hollow design for accommodating the movable space of the high-pressure water pipe 1033; one side of the box body 104 has a cylindrical protrusion for placing the rotating shaft 1027 and the tapered roller bearing 1025.

[0019] The present invention also provides a TBM cutterhead using the above-mentioned steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, comprising a cutterhead body and a TBM cutter box embedded in the cutterhead body. The installation position of the water jet box is determined according to the excavation and rotation direction of the TBM cutterhead, and the water jet box is embedded in the front side of the TBM cutter box.

[0020] Furthermore, during normal excavation, the reduction motor does not work, and the default position of the high-pressure water pipe is perpendicular to the tunnel face, that is, it sprays high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking; when the TBM cutterhead is blocked by broken rock and needs to be freed, the reduction motor starts working, driving the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate a fixed angle.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the invention addresses the existing problems of how to deploy a water jet device on a TBM cutterhead and how to use a water jet device to assist the TBM in getting out of trouble, fully considers the existing TBM cutterhead and water jet device, combines safety, practicality, efficiency and reliability, and designs a steerable high-pressure water jet device to assist the TBM in breaking rock and getting out of trouble. The invention deploys the water jet device and the cutter box together on the TBM cutterhead, which can improve the efficiency of TBM excavation, protect the cutter and provide auxiliary effects when the TBM is getting out of trouble, thereby improving the efficiency of getting out of trouble. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1This is an overall schematic diagram of the TBM cutterhead.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the water jet spray box and the driving device.

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the steering device in the water jet spray box.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the steering device in the water jet spray box in the box body.

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the clamping device in the water jet spray box.

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the TBM tool box.

[0028] In the figure: 1- water jet spray box, 2- TBM tool box, 3- TBM cutter head, 101- driving device, 102- steering device, 103- clamping device, 104- box body, 105- box cover, 1011- reduction motor, 1012- supporting plate, 1021- worm gear, 1022- worm, 1023- L-shaped fixing plate, 1024- worm fixing plate, 1025- tapered roller bearing, 1026- sleeve, 1027- rotating shaft, 1028- cover plate, 1029-end cover, 1031-clamping plate, 1032-high-pressure water gun, 1033-high-pressure water pipe, 1034-tightening screw, 1035-tightening nut, 1036-fixing bolt, 1037-fixing nut, 201-knife box shell, 202-connecting plate, 203-single-edge hob, 204-fixing block, 205-pressing block, 206-pressing screw, 207-nut, 208-locking block, 104-cover screw hole, 1051-injection port DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] The steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 It includes a water jet spray box 1, a TBM tool box 2 and a TBM cutter head 3; the water jet spray box 1 and the TBM tool box 2 are embedded and installed on the TBM cutter head 3; the water jet spray box 1 includes a driving device 101, a steering device 102, a clamping device 103, a box body 104 and a box cover 105; the driving device 101, the steering device 102, and the clamping device 103 are respectively fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the box cover 105 is installed on the top of the box body 104; the driving device 101 includes a reduction motor 1011 and a motor support plate 1012; the reduction motor 1011 is fixed to the motor support plate 1012 by bolts, and the motor support plate is fixed to the box body 104 by screws;

[0031] The steering device 102 includes a worm wheel 1021, a worm 1022, an L-shaped fixing plate 1023, a worm fixing plate 1024, two tapered roller bearings 1025, two sleeves 1026, a rotating shaft (1027), a cover plate 1028 and an end cover 1029; the worm 1022 is connected to the reduction motor 1011 by a key, and the worm 1022 passes through the holes of the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 respectively to play a supporting role. The L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 are respectively fixed to the box 104 by screws, the worm wheel 1021 is meshed with the worm 1022, and the rotating shaft 1027 is connected to the worm wheel 1021 by a key.

[0032] Two tapered roller bearings 1025 are mounted on both ends of the rotating shaft 1027, and two sleeves 1026 are mounted on both ends of the worm gear 1021 to fix it axially. Figure 4 As shown, two tapered roller bearings 1025, one connected to the side wall of the box body 104, a cover screw hole 1041 is opened on the same side wall, and a cover 1028 (in order to clearly express the internal structure, Figure 4 This cover is not shown) fixed to the box body 104 cover screw hole 1041 by screws, and there is a hole in the center through which the rotating shaft 1027 is passed and another tapered roller bearing 1025 is installed. The end cover 1029 is fixed to the cover 1028 by screws;

[0033] The clamping device 103 includes a clamping plate 1031, a high-pressure water gun 1032, a high-pressure water pipe 1033, a tightening screw 1034, a tightening nut 1035, a fixing bolt 1036 and a fixing nut 1037; the clamping plate 1031 is installed on the rotating shaft 1027 through the fixing bolt 1036 and the fixing nut 1037, the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the circular hole of the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is stably fixed on the clamping plate 1031 by tightening the screw 1034 and the tightening nut 1035, and the high-pressure water pipe 1033 is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun 1032.

[0034] Furthermore, the bottom of the box body 104 has a hollow design to accommodate the movement space of the high-pressure water pipe 1033, and one side of the box body 104 has a cylindrical protrusion to place the rotating shaft 1027 and the tapered roller bearing 1025.

[0035] Furthermore, the box cover 105 is provided with a spray port 1051 , and the spray port is in an upwardly arched shape, which can reduce rock debris from falling into the water jet spray box 1 .

[0036] The TBM tool box 2 includes a tool box shell 201, a connecting plate 202, a single-edged hob 203, a fixing block 204, a clamping block 205, a clamping screw 206, a nut 207, and a locking block 208; the connecting plate 202 is connected to the tool box shell 201, the single-edged hob 203 is installed inside the tool box shell 201, the fixing block 204 is installed on one side of the tool box shell 201, the clamping block 205 is installed on the other side of the tool box shell 201, the clamping screw 206 passes through the holes of the clamping block 205 and the locking block 208 and cooperates with the nut 207, and the locking block 208 is installed at the bottom of the tool box shell 201.

[0037] Furthermore, the fixing block and the pressing block fix the single-edged hob together.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the water jet box 1 and TBM cutter box 2 are installed clockwise in the center area of ​​the TBM cutterhead. The edge and center cutter areas are not included. This is primarily due to the spatial distribution of the TBM cutterhead 3. The edge and center cutter areas are not suitable for water jet box installation. During normal forward TBM excavation, the cutterhead generally rotates clockwise. In this direction of rotation, the water jet box 1 is located in front of the TBM cutter box 2. As the single-edged cutter contacts the hard rock, the high-pressure water jet creates cracks in the rock, improving rock breaking efficiency.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown in ,3,4, the reduction motor is fixed to the motor support plate by bolts, and the motor support plate is fixed to the box body of the water jet spray box by screws.

[0040] During normal tunneling, the reduction motor is not operating, and the high-pressure water pipe is positioned perpendicular to the tunnel face by default, spraying high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking. When the TBM cutterhead 3 becomes blocked by rock fragments and needs to be freed, the reduction motor activates, driving the worm gear. This rotation of the worm shaft rotates a fixed angle, shifting the high-pressure water jet straight ahead to an oblique spray, focusing the water stream at the contact point between the cutter and the rock fragments to clear the obstruction.

[0041] like Figure 5 In the clamping device shown, when the worm drives the rotating shaft to rotate a certain angle, the clamping plate, fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, also rotates a certain angle. The high-pressure water gun is fixed to the clamping plate by tightening the screws and nuts. Driven by the clamping plate, the high-pressure water gun also rotates a certain angle. The sprayed high-pressure water flow rushes to the rock-crushing area that blocks the rotation of the single-edge roller cutter. The dual effects of the high-pressure water jet and the counter-rotating TBM cutterhead accelerate the TBM's escape, improving its efficiency and safety. By measuring the positional relationship between the high-pressure water gun nozzle and the single-edge roller cutter, the required rotation angle of the rotating shaft can be calculated, and then the required number of revolutions of the worm can be determined, which is ultimately controlled by the reduction motor.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the connecting plate connects and fixes the TBM cutter box shell, and the fixing block and the pressing block fix the single-edge roller. When the TBM is excavating, the single-edge roller contacts the hard rock of the tunnel face and breaks the rock under the combined action of rolling force, normal force, etc.

Claims

1. A steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, comprising a water jet spray box (1), characterized in that: The water jet spray box (1) comprises a driving device (101), a steering device (102), a clamping device (103), a box body (104) and a box cover (105); the driving device (101), the steering device (102) and the clamping device (103) are respectively fixedly connected to the box body (104), and the box cover (105) is connected to the top of the box body (104); The driving device (101) includes a reduction motor (1011) fixed on a box (104); The steering device (102) includes a worm wheel (1021), a worm (1022), two tapered roller bearings (1025) and a rotating shaft (1027); The worm (1022) is connected to the reduction motor (1011) via a key; the worm wheel (1021) is meshedly connected to the worm (1022); The rotating shaft (1027) is connected to the worm gear (1021) via a key, and the two tapered roller bearings (1025) are respectively arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft (1027); The clamping device (103) comprises a clamping plate (1031), a high-pressure water gun (1032), and a high-pressure water pipe (1033); the clamping plate (1031) is connected to the rotating shaft (1027); the high-pressure water gun (1032) passes through the clamping plate (1031) from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate (1031); and the high-pressure water pipe (1033) is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun (1032); The box cover (105) is provided with a spray port (1051) corresponding to the high-pressure water gun (1032).

2. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering device (102) further comprises an L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and a worm fixing plate (1024) fixedly connected to the housing (104); the L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and the worm fixing plate (1024) are respectively provided with holes allowing the worm (1022) to pass through; and the worm wheel (1021) is meshedly connected with the worm (1022) supported by the L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and the worm fixing plate (1024).

3. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering device (102) further includes a cover plate (1028), two tapered roller bearings (1025), one connected to the housing (104), and the other connected to the cover plate (1028); the cover plate (1028) is provided with a hole for allowing the rotating shaft (1027) to pass through, and is fixedly connected to the housing (104); the clamping plate (1031) is connected to the portion of the rotating shaft (1027) passing through the cover plate.

4. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sleeves (1026) for axial fixation are respectively provided at both ends of the worm wheel (1021).

5. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure water gun (1032) passes through the hole of the clamping plate (1031) from bottom to top and is fixed to the clamping plate (1031) by tightening the screw (1034) and the tightening nut (1035).

6. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection port (1051) is in an upwardly arched shape.

7. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the box (104) has a hollow design for accommodating the activity space of the high-pressure water pipe (1033); one side of the box (104) has a cylindrical protrusion for accommodating the rotating shaft (1027) and the tapered roller bearing (1025).

8. A TBM cutterhead using the steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a cutterhead body and a TBM cutter box embedded in the cutterhead body, characterized in that: The installation position of the water jet spray box is determined according to the excavation and rotation direction of the TBM cutterhead. The water jet spray box is embedded and installed on the front side of the TBM cutterhead.

9. The TBM cutterhead according to claim 8, characterized in that: During normal excavation, the reduction motor does not work, and the default position of the high-pressure water pipe is perpendicular to the tunnel face, that is, it sprays high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking; when the TBM cutterhead is blocked by broken rock and needs to be freed, the reduction motor starts working, driving the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate a fixed angle.

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