A low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure to improve the inertial support capability and dynamic voltage regulation capability of power systems. It mainly includes core components such as an inertia flywheel, a synchronous condenser, electromagnetic bearings, and sliding bearings. The inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system is supported at both ends by electromagnetic bearings, while a sliding bearing supports the inertia flywheel and the synchronous condenser. The sliding bearings are located near the center of gravity of the entire shaft system and bear the main gravity load, while the magnetic bearings at both ends bear a smaller portion of the gravity load. The magnetic bearings are mainly used to regulate the radial vibration of the shaft system. To reduce frictional losses between the inertia flywheel and the air during operation, a vacuum shield is installed outside the inertia flywheel, allowing it to operate in a vacuum system. Due to the strong heat dissipation requirements of the synchronous condenser system, the synchronous condenser rotor still operates in the atmosphere. A dynamic seal is used between the inertia flywheel rotor and the synchronous condenser rotor, which, together with a vacuum pump, maintains the vacuum environment for the inertia flywheel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage device and power system regulation technology, and relates to the key technology of combining inertial flywheel and synchronous condenser. More specifically, it relates to a low-loss inertial flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure, which is used to improve the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capacity of the power system. It is particularly suitable for the high efficiency and reliability requirements of energy storage devices in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy structure transformation and the increasing proportion of renewable energy, physical energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage have developed rapidly due to their advantages such as high power density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. They have become an important means to promote the large-scale grid connection of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and are of great significance for improving the absorption level of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. At the same time, synchronous condensers have received widespread attention at home and abroad in recent years due to their unique advantages in improving the dynamic voltage support of the system, improving voltage regulation capabilities, and providing rotational inertia.

[0003] Synchronous condensers are rotating electrical machines specifically designed for reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. They exhibit characteristics similar to conventional synchronous generators, primarily absorbing or outputting reactive power by adjusting the excitation current, thereby improving the system's voltage regulation capabilities. Furthermore, the rotational inertia of the condenser itself can provide inertial support to the power grid, alleviating the inertia deficiency problem caused by the integration of renewable energy. However, the rotational inertia of existing synchronous condensers is typically less than half that of conventional generator sets, resulting in relatively insufficient inertial support capacity for the power system and making it difficult to meet the demands of high-proportion renewable energy grid integration.

[0004] In recent years, combining high-inertia flywheels with synchronous condensers to increase the rotational inertia of the flywheel and thus enhance the overall system's inertial support capacity has become an important technical solution to this problem. Currently, research on inertia flywheel synchronous condensers is still in the exploratory stage. Typically, a high-inertia flywheel is directly connected to one end of a conventional synchronous condenser rotor to increase the overall shaft inertia. However, in practical engineering applications, this approach still faces many limitations and technical challenges, mainly in the following aspects: First, frictional wind loss occurs between the inertia flywheel and the air during system operation. This frictional wind loss is a significant source of energy consumption in flywheel energy storage devices, especially in high-capacity, high-speed applications, where its energy consumption ratio is even more prominent. This wind loss effect not only reduces the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system but also places higher demands on the flywheel's heat dissipation design. Second, the presence of the inertia flywheel increases bearing load and power consumption, and reduces bearing life. Simultaneously, the increased rotational inertia of the flywheel may adversely affect the system's dynamic response characteristics and operational stability. Furthermore, existing inertia flywheel synchronous condenser systems have significant shortcomings in their shaft structure design. The dynamic performance of the shaft system is easily degraded due to uneven weight distribution, vibration of rotating components, and eccentricity in the inertia flywheel and synchronous condenser. For example, during high-speed rotation, vibration and imbalance of the shaft system can cause large additional loads. This vibration not only reduces the stability of the system but may also damage bearings and other critical components.

[0005] In summary, existing inertial flywheel synchronous condenser solutions have significant shortcomings in energy loss control, bearing life assurance, and system reliability. These problems not only limit the application potential of inertial flywheel synchronous condenser systems in power storage and dynamic voltage support, but also pose serious challenges to the operating efficiency and reliability of the equipment. Therefore, how to design a low-loss, long-life, and highly reliable inertial flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the fields of power storage and dynamic grid support. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Purpose of the invention

[0007] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology by proposing a low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure. This system significantly reduces wind loss caused by friction between the inertia flywheel and air by placing the inertia flywheel in a vacuum environment and utilizing a combination of vacuum chamber and dynamic seals. The system employs electromagnetic bearings at both ends of the shaft system, with a sliding bearing at the center of gravity to share the gravity load, reducing bearing power consumption and improving overall efficiency and bearing life. An emergency protection bearing at the synchronous condenser end enhances the system's operational reliability under abnormal conditions. Optimizing the coupling structure between the inertia flywheel and the synchronous condenser shaft system suppresses shaft vibration, achieving higher rotational smoothness and overall system efficiency. This invention organically combines inertia flywheel energy storage with the synchronous condenser's regulation function, providing efficient inertial support and dynamic voltage regulation capabilities for the power system, meeting the demand for high-proportion renewable energy grid integration.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the objective of this invention and solve its technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure is provided to improve the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capability of power systems. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with high proportions of renewable energy integration, where the efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices are critical. The structure includes at least an inertia flywheel unit and a synchronous condenser unit arranged coaxially. Specifically:

[0011] --The inertia flywheel unit includes at least a vacuum chamber, a first electromagnetic bearing, an inertia flywheel, and a dynamic seal component disposed within the vacuum chamber. The first electromagnetic bearing is disposed on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel and axially positioned at the upstream end of the shaft system, providing radial support force to the inertia flywheel and suppressing lateral vibration of the shaft system. The axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous condenser unit. The dynamic seal component is disposed at the outlet shaft end of the vacuum chamber and axially positioned on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel, isolating the vacuum chamber from the external environment.

[0012] --The synchronous condenser unit includes at least a sliding bearing section, a synchronous condenser body, a second electromagnetic bearing section, and an emergency protection bearing section, wherein:

[0013] The main body of the synchronous condenser includes a synchronous condenser stator and a synchronous condenser rotor. The upstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor extends into the output shaft end of the vacuum cavity and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel. A dynamic sealing component is provided between the upstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and the output shaft end of the vacuum cavity. The sliding bearing is provided on the synchronous condenser rotor between the vacuum cavity and the synchronous condenser body, and is axially positioned near the dynamic sealing component and close to the center of gravity of the shaft system to bear the main gravity load of the shaft system. The second electromagnetic bearing is provided at the downstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and is axially positioned at the downstream end of the shaft system to provide radial support force for the synchronous condenser rotor and work with the first electromagnetic bearing to suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system. The emergency protection bearing is provided at the downstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and adjacent to the second electromagnetic bearing to provide additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing fails.

[0014] (III) Technical Effects

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure of the present invention has the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0016] (1) This invention effectively isolates the inertial flywheel from air by placing it in a vacuum environment, significantly reducing wind resistance loss during high-speed rotation. The dynamic sealing components and high-efficiency sealing technology within the vacuum chamber ensure the stability of the vacuum environment, thereby significantly reducing system energy consumption and improving energy conversion efficiency. In traditional inertial flywheel energy storage systems, wind resistance loss is one of the main sources of system energy loss, especially at high flywheel speeds. This invention effectively solves this problem by creating a vacuum environment, significantly improving the efficiency of the flywheel energy storage system, reducing energy loss, and extending the system's operating time.

[0017] (2) This invention employs a shaft support scheme combining electromagnetic bearings and sliding bearings, which effectively suppresses shaft vibration and lateral offset, reduces bearing power consumption and wear, and improves system operational stability. Electromagnetic bearings utilize electromagnetic force to achieve non-contact support, eliminating mechanical friction, thereby reducing bearing power consumption and wear, extending bearing service life, and reducing maintenance costs. Sliding bearings are positioned near the shaft's center of gravity, primarily bearing the shaft's gravitational load, and work in conjunction with electromagnetic bearings to jointly suppress radial vibration of the shaft, further improving the stability and reliability of shaft operation.

[0018] (3) This invention further improves the reliability of the system by setting up an emergency protection bearing. In the event of electromagnetic bearing failure, the emergency protection bearing can provide additional support to prevent the rotor from colliding with the stator, avoid equipment damage, and ensure the safe operation of the system. This multi-protection mechanism design effectively improves the reliability and safety of the inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure, enabling it to better adapt to various complex operating conditions.

[0019] (4) The low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft structure provided by the present invention can effectively improve the inertial support capability and dynamic voltage regulation capability of the power system, and is particularly suitable for the requirements of energy storage device operating efficiency and reliability in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. By improving the efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices, the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy power generation can be better addressed, the stability and security of the power system can be improved, and the application of renewable energy on a larger scale can be promoted. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the center of gravity distribution of the low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the inertia flywheel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 10-Inertia flywheel unit, 11-First electromagnetic bearing section, 12-Inertia flywheel, 121-Dynamic balancing groove, 13-Vacuum chamber, 14-Dynamic sealing component, 20-Synchronous phase adjustment unit, 21-Phase adjustment body, 22-Phase adjustment rotor, 23-Sliding bearing section, 24-Second electromagnetic bearing section, 25-Emergency protection bearing section. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This invention aims to provide a low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure, which organically combines inertia flywheel energy storage with synchronous condenser regulation functions, improving the inertial support capability and dynamic voltage regulation capability of the power system. It is particularly suitable for scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy integration, where the efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices are critical. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this invention, and are exemplary, intended to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] As a specific example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an inertia flywheel unit 10, a synchronous condenser unit 20, and an auxiliary system, wherein the inertia flywheel unit 10 and the synchronous condenser unit 20 are arranged coaxially. The inertia flywheel unit 10 mainly includes a first electromagnetic bearing part 11, an inertia flywheel 12, a vacuum chamber 13, a dynamic sealing component 14, etc.; the synchronous condenser unit 20 mainly includes a sliding bearing part 23, a condenser body 21, a second electromagnetic bearing part 24, an emergency protection bearing part 25, etc.; the auxiliary system includes a vacuum pump device for the inertia flywheel vacuum chamber, an electromagnetic bearing control device, and a sliding bearing lubrication device.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, the first electromagnetic bearing 11, the inertia flywheel 12, and the dynamic sealing component 14 in the inertia flywheel unit 10 are all disposed in the vacuum chamber 13. The first electromagnetic bearing 11 is disposed on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel 12 and is arranged axially at the upstream end of the shaft system to provide radial support force for the inertia flywheel 12 and suppress lateral vibration of the shaft system. The axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel 12 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous condenser unit 20. The dynamic sealing component 14 is disposed at the output shaft end of the vacuum chamber 13 and is arranged on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel 12 to isolate the vacuum chamber 13 from the external environment.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the synchronous condenser body 21 in the synchronous condenser unit 20 includes a condenser stator and a condenser rotor 22. The upstream end of the condenser rotor 22 extends into the output shaft end of the vacuum chamber 13 and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel 12. A dynamic sealing component 14 is provided between the upstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and the output shaft end of the vacuum chamber 13. A sliding bearing part 23 is provided on the condenser rotor 22 between the vacuum chamber 13 and the condenser body 21, and is arranged axially near the dynamic sealing component 14 and close to the center of gravity of the shaft system, for bearing the main gravity load of the shaft system. A second electromagnetic bearing part 24 is provided at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and is arranged axially at the downstream end of the shaft system, for providing radial support force for the condenser rotor 22 and working with the first electromagnetic bearing part 11 to suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system. An emergency protection bearing part 25 is provided at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and close to the second electromagnetic bearing part 24, for providing additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 fails.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary system includes at least a vacuum pump device, an electromagnetic bearing control device, and a sliding bearing lubrication device. The vacuum pump device is connected to the vacuum chamber via a pipeline and continuously extracts air from the vacuum chamber to maintain the vacuum level. The electromagnetic bearing control device is electrically connected to the first and second electromagnetic bearing sections respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic bearings in real time to achieve active control of the radial vibration of the shaft system. The sliding bearing lubrication device is connected to the sliding bearing section and provides lubrication and cooling for the sliding bearing.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, the rotor consisting of the inertia flywheel 12 and the synchronous condenser 20 is mainly supported by a first electromagnetic bearing section 11, a second electromagnetic bearing section 24, and a sliding bearing section 23. The gravity load of the shaft system is mainly borne by the sliding bearing section 23. The first electromagnetic bearing section 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 are mainly used to suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system. An emergency protection bearing section 25 is provided on the outer side of the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 at the right end of the synchronous condenser. The protection bearing is a sliding bearing, cooled by lubricating oil, and is used to provide additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 fails.

[0032] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the center of gravity distribution of the low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the red dot represents the center of gravity of the entire shaft system. This center of gravity is located close to the sliding bearing section 23, which allows the sliding bearing section 23 to effectively bear the main gravity load, reducing the burden on the electromagnetic bearing. This allows the first electromagnetic bearing section 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 to mainly suppress radial vibration, thereby improving the overall efficiency and service life of the bearing system and enhancing the stability of the system.

[0033] As a preferred example, the dynamic sealing component 14 can be selected from one of a carbon ring sealing structure and a labyrinth sealing structure, or a combination of both. The carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure are arranged in series. The carbon ring sealing structure is located on the vacuum chamber side to improve the wear resistance of the sealing structure, while the labyrinth sealing structure is located on the atmospheric environment side to reduce gas leakage during high-speed rotation. The double sealing improves the sealing effect of the vacuum chamber and, through its synergistic effect with the vacuum pump device, maintains a high vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber for a long time.

[0034] As a preferred example, the outer peripheral edge of the inertia flywheel 12 is provided with a plurality of dynamic balancing grooves 121 evenly arranged along the circumferential direction, such as Figure 3 As shown, the depth and width of the dynamic balancing groove 121 are adjustable, which is used to achieve dynamic balance of the shaft system by adding or removing counterweights. A wear-resistant coating is provided on the surface of the inertia flywheel. The wear-resistant coating is made of high-strength composite material, which is used to improve the surface wear resistance of the inertia flywheel during long-term high-speed rotation and reduce surface wear caused by friction or gas erosion.

[0035] As a preferred example, the emergency protection bearing section 25 can be a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing structure. When a rolling bearing is used, a double-row angular contact ball bearing is adopted, and the radial clearance between it and the rotor is controlled within the range of 0.15-0.25mm. When a sliding bearing is used, a split structure is adopted, and its radial clearance is controlled within the range of 0.2-0.3mm. When a sliding bearing is used, it is cooled by lubricating oil provided by the sliding bearing lubrication device. When a rolling bearing is used, it adopts a sealed structure and is filled with high-temperature resistant grease, and an elastic damping structure is provided between the outer ring of the bearing and the bearing housing.

[0036] More preferably, the emergency protection bearing section 25 includes a sliding bearing and a rolling bearing. The sliding bearing is in a standby state under normal operating conditions. Only when the second electromagnetic bearing section fails or cannot operate normally will the sliding bearing and the rolling bearing be activated to jointly bear the radial load of the rotor, thereby ensuring that the system can still maintain stable operation in the event of electromagnetic bearing failure.

[0037] As a preferred example, both the first electromagnetic bearing section 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 are dynamically adjusted by an electromagnetic bearing control device. The electromagnetic bearing control device includes a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, and a control processing module, which is used to monitor the radial vibration state and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, automatically adjust the support force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing, eliminate the lateral vibration of the shaft system, maintain the stability of the system operation, and prevent overload or overheating.

[0038] More preferably, both the first electromagnetic bearing section 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing section 24 include radial electromagnetic bearings and axial electromagnetic bearings, used to control the radial and axial displacements of the shaft system respectively, thereby improving the stability of the shaft system operation; and both the first electromagnetic bearing section and the second electromagnetic bearing section adopt an 8-pole structure design, with the radial air gap controlled within the range of 0.5-0.8mm, the winding adopting H-class insulation, and the electromagnetic bearing control algorithm adopting a combination of PID and fuzzy control, with a response time of less than 5ms.

[0039] As a preferred example, the vacuum level inside the vacuum chamber 13 is maintained in the range of 0.1-1 Pa. The vacuum chamber adopts a double-layer structure design, with the inner layer used to maintain the vacuum environment and the outer layer used to provide mechanical strength. Thermal insulation material is placed between the two layers to reduce heat transfer. The inner wall of the vacuum chamber is made of high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant material to extend the service life of the vacuum chamber and ensure stability during long-term operation.

[0040] As a preferred example, the coaxial fixed connection between the inertia flywheel 12 and the synchronous condenser rotor 22 adopts a high-strength coupling. The high-strength coupling includes a flexible connection part and a fastening connection part. The flexible connection part is used to absorb the small torsional vibrations caused by the difference in operating speed between the inertia flywheel and the synchronous condenser rotor, and the fastening connection part is used to ensure the rigid connection between the two, thereby achieving efficient and stable power transmission.

[0041] The low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure provided in this embodiment of the invention operates as follows: When the system is put into operation, air is extracted from the vacuum chamber 13 by a vacuum pump, and the dynamic sealing component 14 uses a carbon ring seal to isolate the vacuum chamber 13 from the external environment, ensuring stable operation of the flywheel rotor in a low-pressure environment. This system keeps the inertia flywheel 12 in a vacuum environment, reducing frictional losses between the flywheel and air, and lowering windage losses in the inertia flywheel. Furthermore, the system uses electromagnetic bearings for support, reducing bearing power consumption and improving overall system efficiency.

[0042] In the synchronous condenser unit 20, the condenser rotor 22 is supported by a sliding bearing section 23, which is located near the center of gravity of the shaft system and bears the main gravity load. The lubrication system of the sliding bearing ensures good lubrication and cooling during high-speed operation, thereby improving the service life of the bearing and the reliability of the system. The second electromagnetic bearing section 24 is located at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22, responsible for providing radial support force to the rotor, and works in conjunction with the first electromagnetic bearing section 11 to suppress lateral vibration of the shaft system and ensure the smooth operation of the system.

[0043] During system operation, the electromagnetic bearing control device monitors the radial vibration and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, and automatically adjusts the support force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing based on feedback information to further optimize system stability and prevent overload or overheating. The emergency protection bearing section 25 is located outside the second electromagnetic bearing section 24. When the electromagnetic bearing fails, the emergency protection bearing provides additional support to ensure the system continues to operate stably and prevents system shutdown due to electromagnetic bearing failure.

[0044] The objectives of this invention have been fully and effectively achieved through the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments described above. Although the invention has been described with reference to what is currently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-loss inertia flywheel synchronous condenser shaft system structure, comprising at least an inertia flywheel unit and a synchronous condenser unit arranged coaxially, characterized in that: --The inertia flywheel unit includes at least a vacuum chamber, a first electromagnetic bearing, an inertia flywheel, and a dynamic seal component disposed within the vacuum chamber. The first electromagnetic bearing is disposed on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel and axially positioned at the upstream end of the shaft system, providing radial support force to the inertia flywheel and suppressing lateral vibration of the shaft system. The axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous condenser unit. The dynamic seal component is disposed at the outlet shaft end of the vacuum chamber and axially positioned on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel, isolating the vacuum chamber from the external environment. --The synchronous condenser unit includes at least a sliding bearing section, a synchronous condenser body, a second electromagnetic bearing section, and an emergency protection bearing section, wherein: The main body of the synchronous condenser includes a synchronous condenser stator and a synchronous condenser rotor. The upstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor extends into the output shaft end of the vacuum cavity and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel. A dynamic sealing component is provided between the upstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and the output shaft end of the vacuum cavity. The sliding bearing is provided on the synchronous condenser rotor between the vacuum cavity and the synchronous condenser body, and is axially positioned near the dynamic sealing component and close to the center of gravity of the shaft system, for bearing the main gravity load of the shaft system. The second electromagnetic bearing is provided at the downstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and is axially positioned at the downstream end of the shaft system, for providing radial support force to the synchronous condenser rotor and working with the first electromagnetic bearing to suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system. The emergency protection bearing is provided at the downstream end of the synchronous condenser rotor and adjacent to the second electromagnetic bearing, for providing additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing fails.

2. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary system, comprising at least a vacuum pump device, an electromagnetic bearing control device, and a sliding bearing lubrication device. The vacuum pump device is connected to the vacuum chamber via a pipeline and continuously extracts air from the vacuum chamber to maintain the vacuum level. The electromagnetic bearing control device is electrically connected to the first and second electromagnetic bearing sections respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic bearings in real time to achieve active control of the radial vibration of the shaft system. The sliding bearing lubrication device is connected to the sliding bearing section and is used to provide lubrication and cooling for the sliding bearings.

3. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic sealing component is selected from one of the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure, or a combination of the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure. The carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure are arranged in series. The carbon ring sealing structure is located on the vacuum chamber side to improve the wear resistance of the sealing structure, and the labyrinth sealing structure is located on the atmospheric environment side to reduce gas leakage during high-speed rotation.

4. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple dynamic balancing grooves are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral edge of the inertia flywheel. The depth and width of the dynamic balancing grooves are adjustable and are used to achieve dynamic balance of the shaft system by adding or removing counterweights. A wear-resistant coating is provided on the surface of the inertia flywheel, and the wear-resistant coating is made of high-strength composite material.

5. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency protection bearing section uses either a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing structure. When a rolling bearing is used, a double-row angular contact ball bearing is employed, with the radial clearance between the bearing and the rotor controlled within the range of 0.15-0.25 mm. When a sliding bearing is used, a split structure is adopted, with the radial clearance controlled within the range of 0.2-0.3 mm. Furthermore, when a sliding bearing is used, it is cooled by lubricating oil provided by the sliding bearing lubrication device. When a rolling bearing is used, it adopts a sealed structure and is filled with high-temperature resistant grease, with an elastic damping structure installed between the outer ring of the bearing and the bearing housing.

6. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency protection bearing section includes a sliding bearing and a rolling bearing. The sliding bearing is in a standby state under normal operating conditions. When the second electromagnetic bearing section fails or cannot operate normally, the sliding bearing and the rolling bearing are activated to jointly bear the radial load of the rotor, ensuring that the system can still maintain stable operation in the event of electromagnetic bearing failure.

7. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the first and second electromagnetic bearing sections are dynamically adjusted by an electromagnetic bearing control device. The electromagnetic bearing control device includes a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, and a control processing module, which is used to monitor the radial vibration state and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, automatically adjust the support force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing, and eliminate the lateral vibration of the shaft system.

8. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second electromagnetic bearing sections include radial and axial electromagnetic bearings, used to control the radial and axial displacements of the shaft system, respectively. Both the first and second electromagnetic bearing sections adopt an 8-pole structure design, with the radial air gap controlled within the range of 0.5-0.8mm. The windings adopt H-class insulation, and the electromagnetic bearing control algorithm adopts a combination of PID and fuzzy control, with a response time of less than 5ms.

9. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera axis system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum level in the vacuum chamber is maintained within the range of 0.1-1 Pa. The vacuum chamber adopts a double-layer structure design, with the inner layer used to maintain the vacuum environment and the outer layer used to provide mechanical strength. Thermal insulation material is set between the two layers, and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber is made of high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant material.

10. The low-loss inertia flywheel camera shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial fixed connection between the inertia flywheel and the synchronous condenser rotor is achieved by a high-strength coupling. The high-strength coupling includes a flexible connection part and a fastening connection part. The flexible connection part is used to absorb the small torsional vibrations caused by the difference in operating speed between the inertia flywheel and the synchronous condenser rotor, while the fastening connection part is used to ensure the rigid connection between the two.

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