Test piece and crushing performance test method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a test piece and a crushing performance test method thereof, the test piece is used for crushing performance test, the test piece comprises crushing units connected in sequence in a first direction, each crushing unit comprises two first side plates arranged at intervals in a second direction and a second side plate located between the two first side plates, and one sides of the first side plate and the second side plate in the third direction are respectively connected to the bottom plate. The test piece can be used for researching the relationship between different materials, different processes, different structures and the crushing performance, and is used for evaluating the crushing performance; and the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes can be further researched, and a material card is helped to be established, so that the CAE simulation precision is improved and the structural design of vehicle body parts is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of performance testing, and in particular, to a test piece and a method for testing its crushing performance. Background Art

[0002] At present, many structural parts of the car body with relatively complex shapes or structures are mostly formed in one piece, such as die casting or semi-solid forming, and their materials are mostly aluminum alloy and / or magnesium alloy. In the relevant technology, the technical research on the above structural parts is mainly material composition and preparation development, which are all research on material composition and performance. There is no research on the structural performance of large body structural parts developed according to the performance requirements of the whole vehicle, and it is impossible to judge their performance under the working conditions of the whole vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a test piece and a method for testing its crush performance, which can study the relationship between different materials, different processes, different structures and crush performance, and be used to evaluate the crush performance; it can also further study the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes, and help establish material cards to improve CAE simulation accuracy and optimize the structural design of body parts.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a test piece is provided for a crushing performance test, wherein the test piece comprises a plurality of crushing units connected in sequence along a first direction; The collapse unit comprises two first side plates arranged opposite to each other in a second direction, and a second side plate arranged between the two first side plates; The collapse unit further includes a bottom plate, which is fixedly connected to one side of the first side plate and the second side plate in the third direction; The first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0005] Optionally, there are two second side plates, and the two second side plates are arranged at intervals in the second direction and are arranged at intervals between the two first side plates.

[0006] Optionally, in the same collapse unit, the first side plate and the second side plate have the same thickness.

[0007] Optionally, in the same collapse unit, the thickness of the bottom plate is greater than the thickness of the first side plate.

[0008] Optionally, the abutment plate and the fixing structure are respectively arranged at opposite ends of two outermost crushing units among the plurality of crushing units.

[0009] Optionally, the wall thickness of the collapse unit gradually increases along the direction from the abutment plate toward the fixed structure.

[0010] Optionally, along the direction from the abutment plate toward the fixed structure, the lengths of the plurality of collapse units in the first direction gradually decrease.

[0011] Optionally, a reinforcing rib structure is provided between two adjacent collapse units, and the reinforcing rib structure respectively connects the first side plate, the second side plate and the bottom plate.

[0012] Optionally, the test piece is a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy; The test piece is formed by semi-solid process or high-pressure die casting.

[0013] Optionally, the test piece is a magnesium alloy and is formed by a semi-solid process, with a billet temperature of 560-610° C. and a mold temperature of 150-250° C., an injection speed of 2-6 m / s, and a forming pressure of 20-100 MPa; or The test piece is made of aluminum alloy and is formed by a semi-solid process, with a billet temperature of 570-640°C and a mold temperature of 150-400°C, an injection speed of 0.2-0.4 m / s, and a forming pressure of 200-300 MPa; or The test piece is made of magnesium alloy and is formed by high pressure die casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 100-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa; or The test piece is made of aluminum alloy and is formed by a high-pressure die-casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 80-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for testing the crushing performance of a test piece is also provided, using the above-mentioned test piece, the method comprising: Performing a quasi-static crush test on the test piece at a first preset speed to obtain quasi-static crush parameters; wherein the quasi-static crush parameters include quasi-static pressure, quasi-static displacement and quasi-static crush deformation process; Performing a dynamic crush test on the test piece at a second preset speed to obtain dynamic crush parameters; wherein the dynamic crush parameters include dynamic pressure, dynamic displacement and dynamic crush deformation process; The crush performance of the test piece is obtained according to the static crush parameter and the dynamic crush parameter.

[0015] Optionally, the first preset speed is 3-6 mm / min; The second preset speed is 15-30m / s; the equipment for the dynamic crush test is a 1.5t test trolley.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the test piece disclosed in the present invention is used for crushing performance testing. The test piece includes crushing units connected in sequence in the first direction, each crushing unit includes two first side panels arranged at intervals in the second direction and a second side panel located between the two, and one side of the first side panel and the second side panel in the third direction is respectively connected to the bottom plate. The test piece can study the relationship between different materials (such as magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy materials), different processes (such as die casting or semi-solid forming process), different structures and crushing performance, and is used to evaluate crushing performance; it can also further study the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes, and help establish material cards to improve CAE simulation accuracy and optimize the structural design of body parts.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a test piece provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a front view structural diagram of a test piece provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of length markings of a collapse unit of a test piece provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 4 is a front view structural diagram of a test piece provided in some other embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for testing the crushing performance of a test piece provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a device for dynamic crushing test of the crushing performance testing method of a test piece provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] Description of Reference Numerals 100-test piece; 110-crush unit; 111-first side plate; 112-second side plate; 113-bottom plate; 120-abutment plate; 130-reinforcement rib structure; 140-fixing structure; 200-test trolley; 300-rigid wall; 400-high-speed camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0021] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional words such as "up, down, left, right" generally refer to up, down, left, and right relative to the accompanying drawings; "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside of the outline of the corresponding component; "far and near" refer to the corresponding structure or the corresponding component being far away from or close to another structure or component. X in the drawings of the present disclosure represents a first direction; Y represents a second direction; and Z represents a third direction. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. used in the present disclosure are intended to distinguish one element from another and do not have order or importance. Furthermore, in the following description, when referring to the drawings, unless otherwise explained, the same figure numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The above definitions are only used to explain and illustrate the present disclosure and should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure.

[0022] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a test piece 100 and a crush performance testing method thereof, wherein the test piece 100 can study the relationship between different materials, different processes, different structures and crush performance, and be used to evaluate the crush performance; it can also further study the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes, and help establish material cards to improve CAE simulation accuracy and optimize the structural design of body parts.

[0023] In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a test piece 100 is provided for a crush performance test, wherein the test piece 100 comprises a plurality of crush units 110 sequentially connected along a first direction; the crush unit 110 comprises two first side plates 111 arranged opposite to each other at intervals in a second direction, and a second side plate 112 arranged between the two first side plates 111 at intervals; the crush unit 110 further comprises a bottom plate 113, wherein the bottom plate 113 is fixedly connected to one side of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 in a third direction; wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the test piece 100 disclosed in the present invention is used for crushing performance test. The test piece 100 includes crushing units 110 connected in sequence in the first direction, each crushing unit 110 includes two first side plates 111 arranged at intervals in the second direction and a second side plate 112 located therebetween, and one side of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 in the third direction are respectively connected to the bottom plate 113. The test piece 100 can study the relationship between different materials (such as magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy materials), different processes (such as die casting or semi-solid forming process), different structures and crushing performance, and is used to evaluate crushing performance; it can also further study the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes, and help establish material cards to improve CAE simulation accuracy and optimize the structural design of body parts.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, a second side panel 112 is provided between the two first side panels 111, and the second side panel 112, the first side panel 111 on the left, and the bottom panel 113 form a cavity structure, and the second side panel 112, the first side panel 111 on the right, and the bottom panel 113 form another cavity structure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the test piece 100 is constructed into a two-cavity structure symmetrically arranged on the left and right through the second side panel 112 to ensure the stability of the crushing process. The two-cavity structure is designed based on the body parts corresponding to the test piece 100. In order to better improve the strength and stability, some body parts will also add a second side panel 112 inside the U-shaped structure formed by the two first side panels 111 and the bottom panel 113 to improve the overall strength and crushing performance of the parts.

[0026] It should be noted that the number of the crush units 110 can be arranged according to actual needs, for example, Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, there may be eight crushing units 110, which are connected sequentially in the first direction, and the length or wall thickness of each crushing unit 110 may also be arranged as needed.

[0027] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, there may be two second side plates 112 , and the two second side plates 112 are arranged at intervals in the second direction and are arranged at intervals between the two first side plates 111 . Among them, in the first direction, two second side panels 112 are arranged at intervals between the two first side panels 111, and the second side panel 112 on the left, the first side panel 111 on the left, and the bottom panel 113 form a cavity structure; the second side panel 112 on the left, the second side panel 112 on the right, and the bottom panel 113 form a cavity structure; the second side panel 112 on the right, the first side panel 111 on the right, and the bottom panel 113 also form a cavity structure. Therefore, in this embodiment, the test piece 100 is constructed into a three-cavity structure arranged on the left, middle, and right through the two second side panels 112 to ensure the stability of the crushing process. The three-cavity structure is also designed based on the body parts corresponding to the test piece 100. In order to better improve the strength and stability, some body parts will also add a three-cavity structure of two second side panels 112 inside the U-shaped structure formed by the two first side panels 111 and the bottom panel 113 to improve the overall strength and crushing performance of the parts.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, in the same crush unit 110, the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 have the same thickness. The two first side plates 111 and the second side plates 112 have the same thickness in the same crush unit 110. This design enables the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 to work together with similar deformation characteristics when the crush unit 110 is subjected to an external force, thereby ensuring that the deformation process of the crush unit 110 is more uniform and stable. Specifically, since the thickness of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 are consistent, their material properties and structural strength remain relatively consistent under the same conditions, which helps to avoid stress concentration or uneven deformation caused by thickness differences during the crush process, thereby improving the overall energy absorption efficiency and reliability of the crush unit 110. In addition, this design also simplifies the manufacturing process of the crush unit 110, reduces production costs, and facilitates accurate prediction and optimization of the performance of the crush unit 110.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, in the same collapse unit 110, the thickness of the bottom plate 113 is greater than the thickness of the first side plate 111. The bottom plate 113 of the collapse unit 110 of the test piece 100 is usually a structural member that bears force or is used to fix other components, and it needs to have sufficient strength and rigidity. In the structural design of the collapse unit 110, the thickness of the bottom plate 113 can be greater than the thickness of the two first side plates 111. Through this thickness difference design, the bottom plate 113 can provide stronger structural rigidity and bearing capacity, so that when impacted by external force, it can more effectively disperse and absorb impact energy while maintaining the stability of the overall structure. This design not only improves the reliability of the collapse unit 110 under complex working conditions, but also can extend its service life to a certain extent and reduce maintenance costs.

[0030] It can be understood that the bottom plate 113 can also be arranged to be thicker than the second side plate 112, the thickness of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 can be the same or substantially the same, and one side in the third direction is connected to the bottom plate 113 to improve the strength and rigidity of the collapse unit 110.

[0031] Optionally, the test piece 100 further includes an abutment plate 120 located at the end of the outermost crushing unit 110 at one end of the plurality of crushing units 110, and a fixing structure 140 located at the end of the outermost crushing unit 110 at the other end of the plurality of crushing units 110. The abutment plate 120 is located at one end of the test piece 100, and is used to abut or connect the test trolley 200 and one of the devices for the crushing test, and the fixing structure 140 is located at the other opposite end of the test piece 100, and is used to connect or abut the test trolley 200 and the other of the devices for the crushing test, so as to apply pressure to the test piece 100 to complete the crushing test.

[0032] Specifically, the abutment plate 120 can contact the loading end of the crush test device through its flat surface, thereby ensuring that during the crush test, the test piece 100 can stably withstand the external force and avoid test errors caused by poor or unstable contact. In addition, the design of the abutment plate 120 also takes into account the synergistic effect with the crush unit 110. Its size and shape are larger than the crush unit 110 or match the end of the crush unit 110, so that the load can be evenly transmitted during the test, so that the crush unit 110 can be orderly crushed and deformed according to a predetermined pattern.

[0033] By providing an abutment plate 120 at the end of the collapse unit 110 at one end of the test piece 100, the abutment plate 120 can effectively disperse the load, avoid unexpected damage to the collapse unit 110 due to local stress concentration in the initial stage of the test, ensure that the collapse unit 110 can be gradually collapsed according to the design requirements, and thus improve the reliability of the test results. In addition, the design of the abutment plate 120 also enhances the overall structural stability of the test piece 100, so that the test piece 100 can still maintain good mechanical properties when subjected to a large load, providing a strong guarantee for accurately evaluating the collapse performance of the test piece 100.

[0034] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the abutment plate 120 can abut against the test equipment in the dynamic crush test to evenly distribute the crush load. Therefore, the area of ​​the abutment plate 120 can be larger than the area of ​​the crush unit 110. The area here refers to the projected area in the plane perpendicular to the first direction, that is, in the plane formed by the second direction and the third direction.

[0035] In some embodiments, the test piece 100 further includes a fixed structure 140 located at the end of the outermost crush unit 110 among the multiple crush units 110 and arranged opposite to the abutment plate 120. The fixed structure 140 can be constructed in any suitable manner, wherein the abutment plate 120 is located at one end of the test piece 100, and the fixed structure 140 is located at the other end opposite to the test piece 100, and is also used to connect the test trolley 200, or abut with the equipment of the crush test, so as to achieve pressure on the test piece 100 to complete the crush test. For example, in a dynamic crush test, the fixed structure 140 can be fixedly connected to the test trolley 200, and one end of the abutment plate 120 is used to collide with a fixed rigid wall 300, so as to judge the dynamic crush performance of the test piece 100.

[0036] Optionally, the wall thickness of the collapse unit 110 gradually increases in the direction away from the abutment plate 120 toward the fixed structure 140. In particular, the wall thickness of the collapse unit 110 gradually increases in the direction away from the abutment plate 120, and the wall thickness of the collapse unit 110 includes a first side plate 111, a second side plate 112 and a bottom plate 113. This design is intended to optimize the mechanical properties of the collapse unit 110 in the crush test so that it can absorb and dissipate energy more effectively. Specifically, as the wall thickness gradually increases, the collapse unit 110 has a stronger deformation resistance at the end away from the abutment plate 120. During the crush test, when an external force acts on the test piece 100, the change in the wall thickness of the collapse unit 110 can guide it to collapse in an orderly manner according to a predetermined pattern, that is, the end close to the abutment plate 120 can be crushed first, and the crushing process is carried out in an orderly manner in the direction away from the abutment plate 120. This orderly collapse pattern helps to improve the stability and repeatability of the test results, so that more consistent data can be obtained in each test, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and evaluation.

[0037] In addition, the gradual increase in wall thickness can also avoid local instability or sudden damage of the collapse unit 110 due to uniform wall thickness in the early stage of the test. By reasonably designing the gradient of the wall thickness, the collapse unit 110 can gradually deform when subjected to external force, thereby distributing stress more evenly and reducing the occurrence of stress concentration. This not only helps to improve the safety of the test, but also can more accurately simulate the stress conditions of the structural parts in actual application scenarios, providing a more reliable basis for studying the mechanical properties of materials.

[0038] In some embodiments, along the direction away from the abutment plate 120 toward the fixed structure 140, the lengths of the multiple crushing units 110 in the first direction gradually decrease. It should be noted that the lengths of the multiple crushing units 110 in the first direction gradually decrease in the order of being connected in sequence, and the lengths of the crushing units 110 away from the abutment plate 120 in two adjacent crushing units 110 are all smaller than the lengths of the crushing units 110 close to the abutment plate 120. Of course, it is also possible that in the first direction, the lengths of some of the multiple crushing units 110 in the multiple crushing units 110 gradually decrease, wherein the lengths of some of the adjacent crushing units 110 are the same. That is, the lengths of the multiple crushing units 110 in the first direction show a trend of gradually decreasing, and two or more of the multiple crushing units 110 that are adjacent may also be of the same length.

[0039] The length of the crush unit 110 decreases sequentially or partially according to a certain rule, forming a gradual geometric structure. This design enables the crush unit 110 to further deform in a predetermined order when crushed by an external force, thereby achieving effective distribution and absorption of the load.

[0040] By setting a plurality of crushing units 110 with gradually decreasing lengths in a direction away from the abutment plate 120. Firstly, this gradual structural design enables the test piece 100 to absorb energy step by step during the crushing process, and effectively improves the energy absorption efficiency of the test piece 100. When an external force acts on the test piece 100, the crushing units 110 with a larger length are deformed first, and as the external force continues to act, the crushing units 110 with a smaller length begin to collapse one by one, thereby maintaining a relatively stable load absorption capacity during the entire crushing process. Secondly, the crushing units 110 with gradually decreasing lengths can optimize the deformation mode of the test piece 100, avoid local stress concentration caused by the simultaneous deformation of the crushing units 110, and improve the structural stability and reliability of the test piece 100. In addition, this design can also flexibly adjust the length and number of the crushing units 110 according to actual test requirements to adapt to different crushing test requirements and enhance the versatility and adaptability of the test piece 100.

[0041] In a possible embodiment, the test piece 100 includes eight collapsible units 110 connected in sequence, each of which includes two first side plates 111, a second side plate 112 and a bottom plate 113, and its structure can be divided into left and right chambers, and is symmetrical to ensure structural stability during the crushing process. Figure 3As shown, there are 8 crush units 110 from top to bottom, which are represented by L1-L8 respectively, the first side plate 111 is represented by T1, the second side plate 112 is represented by T2, and the bottom plate 113 is represented by T3. Among them, in the first crush unit 110 close to the abutting plate 120, the length of L1 is 45-65mm, T1 is 2.5-3.5mm, T2 is 2.5-3.5mm, T3 is 2.5-3.5mm, and T3=T1+(0.2-0.5)mm; in the second crush unit 110, the length of L2 is 40-55mm, T1 is 2.8-3.8mm, T2 is 2.8-3.8mm, T3 is 2.8-3.8mm, and T 3=T1+(0.2-0.5)mm; In the third crush unit 110, the length of L3 is 35-55mm, T1 is 3-3.7mm, T2 is 3-3.7mm, T3 is 3-3.7mm, and T3=T1+(0.2-0.5)mm; In the fourth crush unit 110, the length of L4 is 35-55mm, T1 is 3.2-3.9mm, T2 is 3.2-3.9mm, T3 is 3.2-3.9mm, and T3= T1+(0.2-0.5)mm; in the fifth crush unit 110, the length of L5 is 35-55mm, T1 is 3.4-4.1mm, T2 is 3.4-4.1mm, T3 is 3.4-4.1mm, and T3=T1+(0.2-0.5)mm; in the sixth crush unit 110, the length of L6 is 30-50mm, T1 is 3.6-4.3mm, T2 is 3.6-4.3mm, T3 is 3.6-4.3mm, At the same time, T3=T1+(0.2-0.5) mm; in the seventh crush unit 110, the length of L7 is 30-50 mm, T1 is 4-5 mm, T2 is 4-5 mm, T3 is 4-5 mm, and T3=T1+(0.2-0.5) mm; in the eighth crush unit 110, the length of L8 is 25-45 mm, T1 is 4-6 mm, T2 is 4-6 mm, T3 is 4-6 mm, and T3=T1+(0.2-0.5) mm.

[0042] Along the direction away from the abutment plate 120, the lengths of the various crush units 110 are L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, and L8, respectively. Overall, the lengths gradually decrease, and the lengths of some adjacent crush units 110 may also be the same. For example, the lengths of L3, L4 and L5 may be the same, and the lengths of L6 and L7 may be the same, so that the test piece 100 can simulate the actual working conditions of more vehicle structural parts and provide data support for models of more vehicle structural parts.

[0043] In order to improve the connection strength between two adjacent collapse units 110, in some embodiments, there is a reinforcing rib structure 130 between two adjacent collapse units 110, and the reinforcing rib structure 130 connects the first side plate 111, the second side plate 112 and the bottom plate 113 respectively. Among them, the reinforcing rib structure 130 can be located inside the two-cavity or three-cavity structure, and is used to connect the connection between the first side plate 111, the second side plate 112 and the bottom plate 113 in two adjacent collapse units 110. The reinforcing rib structure 130 between two adjacent collapse units 110 is designed to enhance the connection strength between the collapse units 110 to prevent excessive deformation or fracture during the crushing process. The reinforcing rib structure 130 effectively improves the overall structural stability of the test piece 100 by forming a stable support frame between adjacent collapse units 110. When subjected to external force, the reinforcing rib can evenly distribute the force to each connection part, thereby reducing local stress concentration and avoiding structural failure caused by excessive stress. In addition, the provision of the reinforcing rib structure 130 can also optimize the deformation mode of the crush unit 110, so that it gradually deforms in a predetermined order and manner during the crushing process, thereby improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

[0044] The material of the test piece 100 may not be specifically limited, that is, the test piece 100 may be prepared using different materials. In some embodiments, the test piece 100 may be made of different series of magnesium alloy materials or different aluminum alloy materials. In the related art, aluminum alloy materials have been applied to multiple parts of the vehicle body structure, and the research on aluminum alloys is mostly based on materials and simple mechanical properties, without the actual structure of the structural test piece 100 to conduct mechanical properties, bending properties, and crushing properties. The magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy test provided in this embodiment can be used for the rear floor of an integrated vehicle body, an integrated front cabin, an integrated side panel, an integrated subframe, etc. Of course, it can also be extended to other fields, and can be a large high-pressure cast magnesium / aluminum or semi-solid magnesium / aluminum thin-walled structural part, such as a large thin-walled battery pack shell.

[0045] In order to test the performance of the test piece 100 under different molding processes, including the crush performance, in some embodiments, the test piece 100 can be formed by a semi-solid process or high-pressure die casting. By testing the test pieces 100 formed by different processes to detect the crush performance under different processes, accurate modeling is provided for CAE simulation.

[0046] In one embodiment, the material of the test piece 100 is magnesium alloy, and is formed by a semi-solid process, the blank temperature and the mold temperature are 560-610°C and 150-250°C respectively, the injection speed is 2-6m / s, and the forming pressure is 20-100MPa. Through the above process, a test piece 100 formed by a semi-solid process and made of magnesium alloy can be obtained, which is used to test the performance of the material and the forming process.

[0047] In another embodiment, the material of the test piece 100 is aluminum alloy, and the semi-solid process is used for forming, the blank temperature and the mold temperature are 570-640°C and 150-400°C, the injection speed is 0.2-0.4m / s, and the forming pressure is 200-300MPa. Through the above process, a test piece 100 formed by a semi-solid process and made of aluminum alloy can be obtained, which is used to test the performance of the aluminum alloy material and the semi-solid forming process.

[0048] In one embodiment, the material of the test piece 100 is a magnesium alloy, and is formed by a high-pressure die-casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 100-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa. Through the above process, a test piece 100 formed by a semi-solid process and made of a magnesium alloy can be obtained, which is used to test the performance of the magnesium alloy material and the high-pressure die-casting process.

[0049] In one embodiment, the material of the test piece 100 can also be aluminum alloy, and it is formed by a high-pressure die-casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 80-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa. Through the above process, a semi-solid process-formed test piece 100 made of aluminum alloy can be obtained, which is used to test the performance of the aluminum alloy material and the high-pressure die-casting process.

[0050] Through the above embodiments, the performance variation rules of different materials (magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy) and different forming processes can be fully analyzed, especially the crushing energy absorption mode of liquid forming or semi-solid forming parts, and then the crushing performance of different materials and different processes can be evaluated and optimized. This is one of the most important performance indicators of large body parts at present.

[0051] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, a method for testing the crushing performance of a test piece is also provided, using the test piece 100 of the above embodiment, and the method includes steps S100 to S300.

[0052] In step S100, a quasi-static crush test is performed on the test piece 100 at a first preset speed to obtain quasi-static crush parameters; wherein the quasi-static crush parameters include quasi-static pressure, quasi-static displacement and quasi-static crush deformation process.

[0053] In step S200, a dynamic crush test is performed on the test piece 100 at a second preset speed to obtain dynamic crush parameters; wherein the dynamic crush parameters include dynamic pressure, dynamic displacement and dynamic crush deformation process.

[0054] In step S300, the crush performance of the test piece 100 is obtained according to the static crush parameter and the dynamic crush parameter.

[0055] By using the above-mentioned crushing performance test method to test the test piece 100 for crushing performance, that is, using quasi-static and dynamic analysis to perform crushing tests, the quasi-static crushing parameters and dynamic crushing parameters of the test piece 100 can be obtained respectively, that is, the force-velocity-displacement data in the two parameters, and the actual energy absorption and theoretical energy absorption in the crushing test can be obtained. At the same time, the collapse mode of the entire crushing process is recorded to achieve step-by-step collapse. The crushing performance in the material card is provided for the parts corresponding to the test piece 100. Furthermore, the test piece 100 and the material card obtained in the test are introduced into the CAE simulation model for crushing simulation. By comparing the simulation results with the actual crushing performance, the accuracy of the CAE simulation model is improved, and then the accurate model can be imported into large parts of the vehicle body for CAE analysis of the whole vehicle, thereby improving the accuracy of large die-casting parts or large semi-solid formed parts of the vehicle body in CAE analysis of the whole vehicle.

[0056] Optionally, the first preset speed is 3-6 mm / min; the second preset speed is 15-30 m / s; and the equipment for the dynamic crush test is a 1.5 t test trolley 200. The first preset speed is used for the quasi-static crush test, and the crush speed can be 5 mm / min. The quasi-static crush test can be performed on the test piece 100 through the corresponding equipment, and the actual energy absorption is calculated by detecting the force and displacement under the quasi-static state, and the theoretical energy absorption is calculated by the first preset speed and mass, and the material card is optimized by comparing the theoretical and actual energy absorption. In addition, the second preset speed is used for dynamic crushing test, and the second preset speed can be 15m / s, 20m / s, 25m / s, and 30m / s. A 1.5T test trolley 200 is used to connect the fixed structure 140 at one end of the test piece 100 away from the abutment plate 120, fix the test piece 100, and impact the fixed rigid wall 300 at the above speed. The force of the whole process is recorded by the force sensor arranged at the abutment plate 120 or the force sensor on the rigid wall 300, and the high-speed camera 400 (CCD camera) arranged above and / or on the side can be used to record the whole crushing process, thereby recording the force and displacement data. The theoretical energy absorption and actual energy absorption can also be obtained by calculation, which is used to make more accurate material cards including dynamic performance to improve the accuracy of CAE analysis.

[0057] It should be noted that in the overall performance test of the test piece 100, samples can be taken from each collapse unit 110 of the test piece 100 for tensile testing and bending testing; the mechanical properties and bending properties of the test piece 100 are obtained based on the tensile test and bending test.

[0058] The test piece 100 and the crushing performance test method disclosed in the present invention can be used for crushing performance test. The test piece 100 includes crushing units 110 connected in sequence in the first direction, each crushing unit 110 includes two first side plates 111 arranged at intervals in the second direction and a second side plate 112 located therebetween, and one side of the first side plate 111 and the second side plate 112 in the third direction are respectively connected to the bottom plate 113. The test piece 100 can study the relationship between different materials (such as magnesium alloy or aluminum alloy materials), different processes (such as die casting or semi-solid forming process), different structures and crushing performance in the crushing performance test, and is used to evaluate the crushing performance; it can also further study the mechanical properties of different materials and different processes, and help establish material cards, which are used to improve CAE simulation accuracy and optimize the structural design of body parts.

[0059] The test piece 100 and the crushing performance testing method thereof disclosed in the present invention have the following advantages: 1. Ability to directly, accurately and quickly evaluate the crushing performance of liquid-formed or semi-solid-formed parts; 2. Ability to quickly obtain the crushing energy absorption mode of liquid forming or semi-solid forming of different materials; 3. Ability to improve CAE simulation accuracy of liquid or semi-solid formed parts of large car body parts; 4. It can achieve more extreme structural design of liquid or semi-solid formed parts of large car body parts.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0061] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0062] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A test piece for crushing performance testing, characterized in that: The test piece includes a plurality of collapse units connected in sequence along a first direction; The collapse unit comprises two first side plates arranged opposite to each other in a second direction, and a second side plate arranged between the two first side plates; The collapse unit further includes a bottom plate, which is fixedly connected to one side of the first side plate and the second side plate in the third direction; The first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

2. The test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that There are two second side plates, and the two second side plates are arranged at intervals in the second direction and are arranged at intervals between the two first side plates.

3. The test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the same collapse unit, the first side plate and the second side plate have the same thickness.

4. The test piece according to claim 3, characterized in that In the same collapse unit, the thickness of the bottom plate is greater than the thickness of the first side plate.

5. The test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece further includes an abutment plate and a fixing structure, wherein the abutment plate and the fixing structure are respectively arranged at opposite ends of two outermost crushing units among the plurality of crushing units.

6. The test piece according to claim 5, characterized in that Along the direction from the abutting plate toward the fixed structure, the wall thickness of the collapse unit gradually increases.

7. The test piece according to claim 5, characterized in that Along the direction from the abutting plate to the fixed structure, the lengths of the plurality of collapse units in the first direction gradually decrease.

8. The test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reinforcing rib structure is provided between two adjacent collapse units, and the reinforcing rib structure respectively connects the first side plate, the second side plate and the bottom plate.

9. The test piece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test piece is a magnesium alloy or an aluminum alloy; The test piece is formed by semi-solid process or high-pressure die casting.

10. The test piece according to claim 9, characterized in that The test piece is a magnesium alloy and is formed by a semi-solid process, with a billet temperature of 560-610°C and a mold temperature of 150-250°C, an injection speed of 2-6 m / s, and a forming pressure of 20-100 MPa; or The test piece is made of aluminum alloy and is formed by a semi-solid process, with a billet temperature of 570-640°C and a mold temperature of 150-400°C, an injection speed of 0.2-0.4 m / s, and a forming pressure of 200-300 MPa; or The test piece is made of magnesium alloy and is formed by high pressure die casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 100-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa; or The test piece is made of aluminum alloy and is formed by a high-pressure die-casting process, with a pouring temperature of 630-720°C, a mold temperature of 80-300°C, a filling time of 50ms-150ms, and a boost pressure of 20-70MPa.

11. A method for testing the crushing performance of a test piece, characterized in that: Using the test piece according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprises: Performing a quasi-static crush test on the test piece at a first preset speed to obtain quasi-static crush parameters; wherein the quasi-static crush parameters include quasi-static pressure, quasi-static displacement and quasi-static crush deformation process; Performing a dynamic crush test on the test piece at a second preset speed to obtain dynamic crush parameters; wherein the dynamic crush parameters include dynamic pressure, dynamic displacement and dynamic crush deformation process; The crush performance of the test piece is obtained according to the static crush parameter and the dynamic crush parameter.

12. The method for testing the crushing performance of a test piece according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first preset speed is 3-6 mm / min; The second preset speed is 15-30m / s; the equipment for the dynamic crush test is a 1.5t test trolley.

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