Implementation method and device for web printing of business data, equipment and medium

Through the visual report tool, the printing template is designed and the business data is dynamically transmitted, which solves the compatibility problems caused by the complex printing functions of the Web-side system and the dependence on plug-ins, and realizes a simplified printing process and efficient output.

CN119917034APending Publication Date: 2025-05-02FUJIAN ECAN INFORMATION TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202411756639.2
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-12-03
Publication Date
2025-05-02

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The printing functions of existing web-side systems are complex, and users need to have HTML knowledge to adjust styles. Relying on client plug-ins may lead to compatibility issues and increase user costs.

Method used

Design print templates with visual report tools, add placeholders and dynamically pass business data, enabling integration of print configuration, preview and adjustment without additional plug-ins.

Benefits of technology

Simplifies the printing process, reduces user operation complexity, avoids compatibility issues, and improves the accuracy and user experience of print output.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The invention provides an implementation method and device for web printing of business data, equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: providing a visual report tool for a user to design a basic style of a printing template in a table manner; a placeholder is added to the printing template; after the printing template is designed and stored, a template identifier id is added; when the business system starts the visual report tool for printing, printing data transmitted by the business system are received, and the printing data comprise a template identifier id, business data needing to be filled on a printing template and parameter names corresponding to placeholders; when the printing data is received and rendered, dynamically filling and displaying the content of the business data on the corresponding cells of the printing template according to the parameter names of the corresponding placeholders; and an interactive interface for printing preview is provided, the interactive interface has a printing parameter secondary modification function, and the printing effect is displayed in real time according to the secondary modification content.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and medium for implementing web printing of business data. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the printing function of most Web-based systems is implemented by embedding business data into HTML elements, and then using the built-in print function of the browser to interact with the printer, or installing specific client plug-ins to assist in completing the printing task. In the process of integrating business data into HTML files, users need to have certain HTML knowledge, especially when the style needs to be adjusted, which usually brings a certain learning curve. The client plug-in method requires users to install additional plug-ins, which may cause compatibility issues with specific browsers and operating systems, thereby increasing the user's usage cost. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method, device, equipment and medium for implementing web printing of business data. By designing a printing template through a visual reporting tool and dynamically transmitting business data, printing configuration, preview and adjustment are integrated into one without relying on any additional plug-ins, thereby simplifying the complexity of the printing process.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for implementing web printing of business data, comprising:

[0005] S1. Provide visual reporting tools for users to design the basic style of printing templates in a table format;

[0006] S2. Adding placeholders to the printing template, each placeholder is represented by a parameter name, and the method of adding placeholders includes:

[0007] For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture;

[0008] For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder;

[0009] S3. After the print template is designed and saved, a template identification ID is added to the print template;

[0010] S4. When the business system starts the visual report tool for printing, the printing data transmitted by the business system is received, and the printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder;

[0011] S5. When the print data is received and rendered, the business data is dynamically filled and displayed in the corresponding cell of the print template according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder as follows:

[0012] For non-list placeholders, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name and replace the content of the corresponding cell;

[0013] For the list placeholder, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell in sequence; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located;

[0014] S6. Providing an interactive interface for print preview, wherein the interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters, and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modification content.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for implementing web printing of business data, comprising:

[0016] Visual reporting tool, allowing users to design the basic style of printing templates in a table format;

[0017] The placeholder adding module is used to add placeholders to the printing template. Each placeholder is represented by a parameter name. The way to add placeholders includes:

[0018] For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture;

[0019] For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder;

[0020] The identification module is used to add a template identification ID to the printing template after the printing template is designed and saved;

[0021] The data receiving module receives the printing data transmitted by the business system when the business system starts the visual report tool for printing. The printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder;

[0022] A rendering module is used to dynamically fill and display the corresponding content of the business data in the corresponding cell of the printing template according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder when receiving the printing data and rendering: for non-list placeholders, read the business data value transmitted by the business system according to the placeholder name, and replace the content of the corresponding cell; for list placeholders, read the business data value transmitted by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the order of the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located;

[0023] The print preview module is used to provide an interactive interface for print preview. The interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modified content.

[0024] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described in the first aspect when executing the program.

[0025] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect.

[0026] The solution proposed by the present invention brings at least the following technical advantages: the design of the print template is realized through a visual reporting tool, and the visual reporting tool adopts an interactive online editor similar to Excel to realize intuitive and easy-to-use functions, which greatly simplifies the complexity of template design. Users only need to have basic Excel operation experience to easily design the basic style of the print template. In addition, the present invention supports the direct import and modification of existing Excel files, thereby realizing the rapid design of print templates. When entering business data into the template, the user does not need to perform cumbersome operations, but only needs to perform simple parameter settings and transfers. After integrating business data through the design template, the visual reporting tool will automatically adjust the printing effect to adapt to different paper sizes to ensure the accuracy of the print output. On the effect preview page, users can adjust the column width by dragging and dropping, and the changes are reflected immediately, realizing a what-you-see-is-what-you-get interactive experience. More importantly, this technology does not need to rely on any additional printing plug-ins, is completely based on the front-end implementation, has excellent performance, and meets the current needs of localization of information creation.

[0027] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a printing effect in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a basic style of a printing template in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of a printing template after adding a placeholder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effect after rendering according to the list placeholder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an interactive interface during print preview in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus, device and medium for implementing web printing of business data, design a printing template through a visual reporting tool, and dynamically transmit business data to achieve integrated printing configuration, preview and adjustment without relying on any additional plug-ins, thereby simplifying the complexity of the printing process.

[0039] The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application has the following overall idea: providing an interactive online editor similar to Excel to realize the intuitive and easy-to-use functions of the visual reporting tool, greatly simplifying the complexity of template design. By adding placeholders in the positions where business data needs to be filled in the template, the placeholders for different filling positions are named differently and serve as transmission parameters for business data. In this way, when the business system inputs business data into the template, the user does not need to perform cumbersome operations, but only needs to perform simple parameter settings and transmission. After integrating business data through the design template, the visual reporting tool will automatically adjust the printing effect to adapt to different paper sizes to ensure the accuracy of the printout. On the effect preview page, users can adjust the column width by dragging and dropping, and the changes are reflected immediately, realizing a what-you-see-is-what-you-get interactive experience.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for implementing web printing of business data, including:

[0042] S1. Provide visual reporting tools for users to design the basic style of printing templates in a table format;

[0043] The visual report tool is an interactive online editor similar to Excel, which has the functions of freely dragging row height and column width, merging cells and configuring borders, so as to quickly construct the style you want. It also has the function of directly importing and fine-tuning existing Excel files. Therefore, you can directly import Excel files and fine-tune them as needed.

[0044] For example, if Figure 2 When you want to print the effect, you can use the online editor to design Figure 3 It should be noted that this process does not involve the specific data to be printed, but only designs a basic style of a printing template.

[0045] S2. Adding placeholders to the printing template, each placeholder is represented by a parameter name, and the method of adding placeholders includes:

[0046] For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture;

[0047] For example Figure 2For the transfer application form title in the example, we can set a placeholder in the merged cell A2, such as param("title"), which means that a parameter called title will be taken for content filling and display during rendering. Cell D10 indicates that the placeholder content is of image type, and the placeholder can be an http or https image address, or pass base64, and the width and height attributes of the image can be reset. The template after configuring the data placeholder is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0048] For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder;

[0049] Since the table type print has multiple rows of data, it is too cumbersome to set one placeholder for one cell like the form type. Therefore, we can consider adding all the row data on the table to a list type placeholder. When printing and rendering, the table will automatically fill the list placeholder content downwards in sequence to achieve the desired effect, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0050] S3. After the print template is designed and saved, a template identification ID is added to the print template; the business system can select the print template to be used through the template identification ID.

[0051] S4. When the business system starts the visual report tool for printing, the printing data transmitted by the business system is received, and the printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder;

[0052] The print data is transmitted by using a post request. In the post request, the parameter name of the placeholder is set in the body according to a specified format.

[0053] In addition, the business system can also specify the printing paper size, paper landscape and vertical orientation, as well as setting the top, bottom, left, and right page margins, etc.

[0054] This process mainly involves the connection between the business system and the visual reporting tool. First, the business system passes specific parameters to the report side to obtain result data that can be recognized and processed by the report side, such as through http interface requests; second, the business system embeds a page for printing and display on the report side and passes the result data in.

[0055] S5. When the print data is received and rendered, the business data is dynamically filled and displayed in the corresponding cell of the print template according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder as follows:

[0056] For non-list placeholders, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name and replace the content of the corresponding cell;

[0057] For the list placeholder, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell in sequence; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located;

[0058] Note: Since the placeholder replacement occurs during the rendering process, the desired display effect is achieved through replacement, which does not affect any properties of the template itself, and the template can be reused multiple times.

[0059] When the rendered business data is a picture, an interactive interface for resetting the width and height attributes of the picture is also provided.

[0060] S6. Providing an interactive interface for print preview, wherein the interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters, and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modification content.

[0061] The print preview interface is as follows Figure 6 As shown, this interface has certain secondary modification capabilities, such as paper size, margin parameters, and dynamic dragging of column width. Since printing will be scaled according to the ratio of content width and paper width, there may be a scenario where the font is small after scaling. At this time, the column width of the original content can be appropriately reduced to enhance the visual effect of the printout. In addition, when switching paper types, the visual reporting tool is also adapted according to the print data, and the caller of the upstream business system does not need to care or adjust. After confirming the preview effect, you can click Print Report to return to the process of printing with the help of the browser print control.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a device corresponding to the method in Example 1, see Example 2 for details.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, a device for implementing web printing of business data is provided, including:

[0065] Online editor, allowing users to design the basic style of printing templates through tables;

[0066] The visual report tool is an Excel-like interactive online editor with the functions of freely dragging row heights and column widths, merging cells, and configuring borders. It also has the functions of directly importing and fine-tuning existing Excel files.

[0067] The placeholder adding module is used to add placeholders to the printing template. Each placeholder is represented by a parameter name. The way to add placeholders includes:

[0068] For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture;

[0069] For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder;

[0070] The identification module is used to add a template identification ID to the printing template after the printing template is designed and saved;

[0071] The data receiving module receives the printing data transmitted by the business system when the business system starts the visual report tool for printing. The printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder;

[0072] The data receiving module uses a post request to transmit print data. In the post request, the parameter name of the placeholder is set in the body according to a specified format.

[0073] The rendering module is used to dynamically fill the business data in the corresponding cell of the printing template and display the corresponding content according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder when receiving the printing data and rendering:

[0074] For non-list placeholders, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name and replace the content of the corresponding cell;

[0075] For the list placeholder, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell in sequence; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located;

[0076] Note: Since the placeholder replacement occurs during the rendering process, the desired display effect is achieved through replacement, which does not affect any properties of the template itself, and the template can be reused multiple times.

[0077] When rendering business data in picture format, the rendering module also provides an interactive interface for resetting the width and height attributes of the picture.

[0078] The print preview module is used to provide an interactive interface for print preview. The interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modified content.

[0079] Since the device introduced in the second embodiment of the present invention is a device used to implement the method of the first embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the device based on the method introduced in the first embodiment of the present invention, so it is not described here in detail. All devices used in the method of the first embodiment of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0080] Embodiment 3

[0081] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides an electronic device embodiment corresponding to the first embodiment, see the third embodiment for details. This embodiment provides an electronic device, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, any implementation method in the first embodiment can be implemented.

[0082] Since the electronic device introduced in this embodiment is a device used to implement the method in the first embodiment of the present application, based on the method introduced in the first embodiment of the present application, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation of the electronic device of the present embodiment and its various variations, so how the electronic device implements the method in the embodiment of the present application is not described in detail here. As long as a person skilled in the art implements the device used by the method in the embodiment of the present application, it belongs to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0083] Embodiment 4

[0084] Based on the same inventive concept, this application provides a storage medium corresponding to Embodiment 1, see Embodiment 4 for details. This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as Fig. 9 As shown, a computer program is stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, any implementation method in Example 1 can be implemented.

[0085] The technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application has at least the following technical effects or advantages: the design of the print template is realized by a visual reporting tool, and the visual reporting tool adopts an interactive online editor method similar to Excel to realize intuitive and easy-to-use functions, which greatly simplifies the complexity of template design. Users only need to have basic Excel operation experience to easily design the basic style of the print template. In addition, the present invention supports the direct import and modification of existing Excel files, thereby realizing the rapid design of print templates. When entering business data into the template, the user does not need to perform cumbersome operations, but only needs to perform simple parameter settings and transfers. After integrating business data through the design template, the visual reporting tool will automatically adjust the printing effect to adapt to different paper sizes and ensure the accuracy of the print output. On the effect preview page, users can adjust the column width by dragging and dropping, and the changes are reflected immediately, realizing a what-you-see-is-what-you-get interactive experience. More importantly, this technology does not need to rely on any additional printing plug-ins, is completely based on the front-end implementation, has excellent performance, and meets the current needs of localization of information creation.

[0086] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0087] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0088] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0089] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0090] Although the specific implementation modes of the present invention are described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation modes described are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for implementing web printing of business data, characterized in that: include: S1. Provide visual reporting tools for users to design the basic style of printing templates in a table format; S2. Adding placeholders to the printing template, each placeholder is represented by a parameter name, and the method of adding placeholders includes: For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder, a list placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture; For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder; S3. After the print template is designed and saved, a template identification ID is added to the print template; S4. When the business system starts the visual report tool for printing, the printing data transmitted by the business system is received, and the printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder; S5. When the print data is received and rendered, the business data is dynamically filled and displayed in the corresponding cell of the print template according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder as follows: For non-list placeholders, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name and replace the content of the corresponding cell; For the list placeholder, read the business data value passed by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell in sequence; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located; S6. Providing an interactive interface for print preview, wherein the interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters, and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modification content.

2. The method for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visual report tool is an Excel-like interactive online editor with the functions of freely dragging row heights and column widths, merging cells, and configuring borders. It also has the functions of directly importing and fine-tuning existing Excel files.

3. The method for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The print data is transmitted by using a post request. In the post request, the parameter name of the placeholder is set in the body according to a specified format.

4. The method for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, when the rendered business data is a picture, an interactive interface for resetting the width and height attributes of the picture is also provided.

5. A device for implementing web printing of business data, characterized in that: include: Visual reporting tool, allowing users to design the basic style of printing templates in a table format; The placeholder adding module is used to add placeholders to the printing template. Each placeholder is represented by a parameter name. The way to add placeholders includes: For a form-type printing template, a text placeholder or a picture placeholder is set in a single cell or a merged cell that needs to be filled with business data. The picture placeholder includes the http, https address or base64 of the picture; For table-type print templates, all row data on the table are added to a list placeholder; The identification module is used to add a template identification ID to the printing template after the printing template is designed and saved; The data receiving module receives the printing data transmitted by the business system when the business system starts the visual report tool for printing. The printing data includes the template identification ID, the business data to be filled in the printing template, and the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder; A rendering module is used to dynamically fill and display the corresponding content of the business data in the corresponding cell of the printing template according to the parameter name of the corresponding placeholder when receiving the printing data and rendering: for non-list placeholders, read the business data value transmitted by the business system according to the placeholder name, and replace the content of the corresponding cell; for list placeholders, read the business data value transmitted by the business system according to the placeholder name, and determine whether the business data value contains multiple rows of records. If so, insert the values ​​of the multiple rows of records in the order of the row where the corresponding cell is located and the corresponding number of rows below the corresponding cell; if not, insert the business data value in the row where the corresponding cell is located; The print preview module is used to provide an interactive interface for print preview. The interactive interface has a function of secondary modification of print parameters and performs real-time display of print effects according to the secondary modified content.

6. The device for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 5, characterized in that: The visual report tool is an Excel-like interactive online editor with the functions of freely dragging row heights and column widths, merging cells, and configuring borders. It also has the functions of directly importing and fine-tuning existing Excel files.

7. The device for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data receiving module uses a post request to transmit print data. In the post request, the parameter name of the placeholder is set in the body according to a specified format.

8. The device for implementing web printing of business data according to claim 5, characterized in that: When rendering business data in picture format, the rendering module also provides an interactive interface for resetting the width and height attributes of the picture.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.