Multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-system compact 5G MIMO direction complementary antenna. The antenna comprises a PCB mainboard, a first L-shaped antenna support and a second L-shaped antenna support. The first L-shaped antenna support and the second L-shaped antenna support are arranged in a symmetrical structure with respect to the center of the PCB mainboard. The first L-shaped antenna support and the second L-shaped antenna support are respectively provided with a first antenna and a second antenna which are symmetrical to each other at the outer sides of the L-shaped corners of the first L-shaped antenna support and the second L-shaped antenna support; the first antenna and the second antenna respectively comprise a first antenna area located on the outer side of the short edge of the L shape and a second antenna area located on the outer side of the long edge of the L shape, the first antenna area and the second antenna area are communicated with the corner of the L shape, and the tail end of the first antenna area is electrically connected with the PCB mainboard. Through the design, the 5G frequency band is divided into two groups of antenna areas, and the two antennas of the same group of frequencies are placed at the diagonal line, so that the physical distance and isolation of the antennas of the same frequency are increased to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna. Background Art

[0002] Researching the key technologies of high-channel capacity combined antennas for complex 5G terminal environments is of great significance for organically integrating terminal 2 / 3 / 4G and 5G antennas, realizing high-speed transmission under the 5G vision, and realizing high integration of multi-band, multi-standard antennas with other acoustic and electrical devices in the overall environment.

[0003] The history of mobile communication development tells us that the emergence of 5G mobile communication will not quickly and directly replace 2 / 3 / 4G communication. In the early stage of 5G development, it is an inevitable trend for 2 / 3 / 4 / 5G and other multi-standard and multi-frequency bands to coexist in the same mobile terminal. Therefore, the study of multi-frequency combination antennas for 5G is an urgent need of the current industry and has important practical significance. In order to achieve the rate transmission in 5G mobile communication, the Sub-6GHz frequency band needs to be arranged on the terminal to form a MIMO antenna system. If the two frequency bands of 3.3-3.6GHz and 4.8-5.0GHz designated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are considered at the same time, eight 5G low-frequency band MIMO antennas may be required. On this basis, the existing 2 / 3 / 4G frequency bands must also be taken into account. With the antenna clearance getting smaller and smaller and the number of antennas increasing, only by making full use of the unique boundary conditions of the terminal equipment and designing a combination antenna with highly integrated structure and multi-standard frequency bands can the biggest problem of 5G terminal commercialization be fundamentally solved.

[0004] The most important difference between 5G communication and 2 / 3 / 4G communication is the ultra-high-speed information transmission. The basic implementation method is to use the multi-antenna system of the transmitter and receiver to realize MIMO transmission. The m×n MIMO system consists of m transmitting antennas and n receiving antennas. H is the transmission matrix of the channel. According to the Shannon principle, the channel capacity of this system is proportional to Min(m,n) and is also related to the correlation of each sub-channel, that is, the channel capacity is positively correlated with the rank of the matrix H. In addition, the working bandwidth is also an important factor that determines the system capacity. From the perspective of antenna performance, if the port isolation and spatial orthogonality of any two combined antennas of the terminal are improved, the rank of the entire transmission matrix H will be improved. The channel capacity of the communication system can be further increased without increasing the number of antennas and the system working bandwidth.

[0005] However, the antenna layout structures in the prior art cannot take into account both orthogonality improvement and compact structure at the same time, and usually the antenna size is sacrificed to meet the requirement of orthogonality improvement. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, optimize the antenna layout based on the field distribution and current distribution of the antenna itself, achieve high performance and high isolation of the antenna, and provide a multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna.

[0007] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna, the antenna comprising:

[0009] PCB motherboard;

[0010] A first L-shaped antenna bracket;

[0011] and a second L-shaped antenna bracket;

[0012] The first L-shaped antenna bracket and the second L-shaped antenna bracket are arranged in a symmetrical structure around the center of the PCB mainboard;

[0013] The first L-shaped antenna bracket and the second L-shaped antenna bracket are respectively provided with a first antenna and a second antenna symmetrical to each other at the outer sides of the L-shaped corners thereof;

[0014] The first antenna and the second antenna respectively include: a first antenna area located outside the short side of the L shape, and a second antenna area located outside the long side of the L shape. The first antenna area and the second antenna area are connected to the L-shaped corner, and the end of the first antenna area is electrically connected to the PCB main board.

[0015] Due to the increase in the frequency bands and number of 5G antennas, it is impossible to achieve high-performance design for all frequency bands with one antenna in a limited space. Reasonable splitting of frequency bands for separate antenna design and placing antennas in reasonable positions have a significant impact on antenna performance and isolation. Through design, the 5G frequency band is split into two groups of antenna areas, and two antennas of the same frequency group are placed at the diagonal to maximize the physical distance and isolation of antennas with the same frequency.

[0016] Furthermore, a slot is formed at the end of the first antenna region. In order to reduce the volume of the antenna, a slot is added at the end of the antenna, thereby increasing the routing length of the antenna, reducing the resonant frequency, and reducing the volume of the antenna.

[0017] Furthermore, a slot is provided in the second antenna area.

[0018] Furthermore, the slot extends to the L-shaped corner and is connected to the first antenna area.

[0019] Furthermore, the first antenna region is shorter than the second antenna region and has the same height as the second antenna region.

[0020] Furthermore, the length of the first antenna area is 25.7 mm, and the length of the second antenna area is 34.5 mm;

[0021] The height of the first antenna region and the second antenna region is 6.5 mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the length of the trough body is 15 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the antenna also includes a third antenna and a fourth antenna;

[0024] The third antenna and the fourth antenna are respectively arranged at the long side ends of the first L-shaped antenna support and the second L-shaped antenna support.

[0025] Furthermore, the first antenna, the second antenna, the third antenna and the fourth antenna correspond to four groups of frequency bands respectively.

[0026] Furthermore, the four frequency bands are 0.82-0.96 GHz, 4.8-5 GHz, 1.71-2.69 GHz, and 3.6-3.8 GHz, respectively.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the 5G era, antenna technology is the key to achieving high-speed, large-capacity, and low-latency communications. In-depth research and successful development of multi-frequency compatible 5G combined antenna technology have broken through the limitations of traditional antennas in terms of single frequency band and signal interference. Through the isolation and anti-interference technology based on odd-even mode excitation and circuit network compensation ports, the isolation between signals in different frequency bands is greatly improved, and signal interference is effectively reduced. According to experimental data, after adopting this technology, signal interference is reduced and the transmission rate is increased, which significantly improves the stability and reliability of 5G communications in complex multi-band scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna plane according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first antenna area according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second antenna area according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the third antenna and the fourth antenna in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of antenna return loss simulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of antenna efficiency simulation according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of 0.9 GHz current distribution in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of 4.8 GHz current distribution in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 9 This is the 0.9 GHz radiation diagram of the antenna of one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.10 This is the 4.8 GHz radiation diagram of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the return loss simulation of the whole antenna of the present application embodiment;

[0039] Fig.12 This is a simulation diagram showing the efficiency of the whole antenna of the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the antenna isolation of the whole device according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.14 The ECC test results of the whole antenna of this application embodiment are as follows:

[0042] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation of the frequency deviation of the whole antenna of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0044] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0046] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0047] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like appear, these terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, if there is a description that a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, etc., or similar descriptions appear, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0049] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0050] Reasonably arrange 2 / 3 / 4G and 5G MIMO antennas, and design a combination antenna that can simultaneously cover the existing communication frequency bands and is compatible with 5G. As the screen-to-body ratio of terminals continues to increase, the available clearance of terminal antennas is getting smaller and smaller. It is necessary to widen the bandwidth of the antenna as much as possible without sacrificing the size of the antenna body. In other words, it is necessary to miniaturize the antenna and widen the bandwidth. In order to cover the 2 / 3 / 4G and 5G frequency bands in such a limited space, the terminal combination antenna should excite as many resonant modes as possible. The most effective way is to make full use of the high-order modes of the antenna. At the same time, based on the traditional "multi-mode resonance" idea, this project proposes and introduces the "degenerate mode separation" method of one-dimensional antennas to fully excite and utilize the eigenmodes of the terminal antenna. At present, the main mode of the antenna is generally used to cover the LTE low frequency band (699-960MHz), and the second or third high-order mode is used to cover the LTE high frequency band (1710-2690MHz). However, in order to cover the 3.3-3.6GHz and 4.8-5.0GHz frequency bands of 5G, other higher-order modes need to be excited. However, under a specific excitation method, only a few modes of an antenna can be excited, so the difficulty lies in how to excite more available modes in the same frequency band and increase the available bandwidth. Secondly, the resonant modes of different orders of the same antenna have different electric field distributions and current distributions, and the corresponding impedance characteristics are completely different. It is very difficult to allow multiple modes to coexist and achieve broadband / multi-frequency matching at the same time. To solve this problem, on the one hand, it is necessary to study the appropriate loading method from the perspective of field distribution and current distribution, and on the other hand, it is necessary to study universal impedance matching technology from the theoretical level of microwave networks.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna includes a PCB mainboard 101, a first L-shaped antenna bracket 102, and a second L-shaped antenna bracket 103; the first L-shaped antenna bracket 102 and the second L-shaped antenna bracket 103 are arranged in a symmetrical structure with the center of the PCB mainboard 101; the first L-shaped antenna bracket 102 and the second L-shaped antenna bracket 103 are respectively provided with a first antenna and a second antenna symmetrical to each other at the outer sides of their L-shaped corners; reference can be made to Figure 1As shown, the first antenna and the second antenna are identical in structure. The first antenna and the second antenna respectively include a first antenna area 201 located outside the short side of the L shape, and a second antenna area 202 located outside the long side of the L shape. The first antenna area 201 and the second antenna area 202 are connected to the L-shaped corner, and the end of the first antenna area 201 is electrically connected to the PCB motherboard 101. The PCB motherboard 101 adopts an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant Dk=4.4 and a loss Df=0.02. The first L-shaped antenna bracket 102 and the second L-shaped antenna bracket 103 are made of PLA material, with Dk=2.72 and Df=0.0036.

[0052] Optionally, in some embodiments, reference Figure 2 As shown, a slot 204 is formed at the end of the first antenna region 201, thereby increasing the routing length of the antenna, reducing the resonant frequency, and reducing the size of the antenna. The first antenna / second antenna is wired along two sides of the first L-shaped antenna bracket 102 and the second L-shaped antenna bracket 103, respectively. Furthermore, the second antenna region 202 is provided with a slot body 203, and the length of the slot body 203 is 15 mm.

[0053] Optionally, in some embodiments, the slot 203 extends to the L-shaped corner and communicates with the first antenna region 201. The first antenna region 201 is shorter than the second antenna region 202 and has the same height. The length of the first antenna region 201 is 25.7 mm, and the length of the second antenna region 202 is 34.5 mm; the height of the first antenna region 201 and the second antenna region 202 is 6.5 mm.

[0054] Due to the increase in the frequency bands and number of 5G antennas, it is impossible to achieve high-performance design of all frequency bands through one antenna in a limited space. Reasonable splitting of frequency bands for separate antenna design and arranging antennas in reasonable positions have a significant impact on antenna performance and isolation. Through design, the 5G frequency band is split into the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna is 0.82-0.96GHz and the second antenna is 4.8-5GHz. Each group of frequencies has a separate antenna design. At the same time, each group of frequencies will have two antenna areas (the first antenna area 201 and the second antenna area 202) to form MIMO to give full play to the performance of 5G.

[0055] refer to Figure 5 The figure shows the return loss (reflection coefficient dB) of the antenna simulation. The antenna operating frequency band can cover the 0.82-0.96 GHz low frequency band required by 5G, as well as the 4.2-5 GHz 5G NR band, and the return loss is less than -10 dB. Figure 6 As shown, the efficiency in the required frequency band is greater than 78%.

[0056] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the figure, by analyzing the current distribution of the antenna at low frequency 0.9 GHz and high frequency 4.8 GHz, it can be seen that the low frequency 0.9 GHz uses the antenna fundamental mode as the main working mode, and the current flows in a consistent direction; at the high frequency 4.8 GHz, the current is distributed in three sections, the first section is located on the side of the L-shaped antenna without a gap, the second section forms a reflux along the gap on the side of the antenna with a gap, and the remaining part of the side with a gap forms the third section of current, using the antenna's high-order membrane to form resonance at high frequencies. The antenna radiation pattern shows that the antenna has a certain degree of omnidirectionality, and its radiation patterns are as follows: Fig. 9 and Fig.10 shown.

[0057] Optionally, in another embodiment, the antenna further includes a third antenna and a fourth antenna, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the third antenna is composed of a third antenna area 301 and a fourth antenna area 302, and the fourth antenna is composed of a fifth antenna area 401 and a sixth antenna area 402. The third antenna and the fourth antenna are arranged at the long side ends of the first L-shaped antenna support 102 and the second L-shaped antenna support 103, respectively. More specifically, the first antenna, the second antenna, the third antenna, and the fourth antenna correspond to four frequency bands, respectively. The four frequency bands are 0.82-0.96 GHz, 4.8-5 GHz, 1.71-2.69 GHz, and 3.6-3.8 GHz, respectively.

[0058] Due to the increase in the frequency bands and number of 5G antennas, it is impossible to achieve high-performance design of all frequency bands through one antenna in a limited space. Reasonable splitting of frequency bands for separate antenna design and arranging antennas in reasonable positions have a significant impact on antenna performance and isolation. Through design, the 5G frequency band is split into four independent antennas (first antenna, second antenna, third antenna and fourth antenna), which are 0.82-0.96GHz, 4.8-5GHz, 1.71-2.69GHz and 3.6-3.8GHz respectively. Each group of frequencies has a separate antenna design implementation. At the same time, each group of frequencies will have two antenna areas to form MIMO to give full play to the performance of 5G. Therefore, this design consists of a total of four antennas. In order to increase the isolation, the four antennas are located at the four corners of the mobile terminal, and the two antennas of the same frequency group are placed at the diagonal to maximize the physical distance and isolation of the same frequency antennas.

[0059] Before the antennas form a MIMO antenna, we also test the performance of the first antenna, the second antenna, the third antenna and the fourth antenna. The -10dB return loss bandwidth of the first antenna and the second antenna can cover the 0.82-0.96GHz and 4.2-5GHz frequency bands respectively. The -10dB return loss bandwidth of the third antenna and the fourth antenna can cover the 1.71-2.69GHz and 3.6-3.8GHz frequency bands respectively, meeting the design requirements.

[0060] The MIMO antennas are arranged at the four corners of the mobile terminal, and the two MIMO antennas with the same frequency are arranged at the diagonal of the mobile terminal, such as the first antenna, the second antenna or the third antenna and the fourth antenna, to maximize the use of the spatial distance of the mobile terminal to reduce interference between antennas. After the MIMO antennas are arranged, compared with single antennas, antennas with poor isolation will affect each other. In the antenna design we use, we reasonably design and arrange the MIMO antennas and take different isolation measures for the MIMO antennas. Different antenna designs are used between the first antenna and the third antenna, or between the second antenna and the fourth antenna, which are closest to each other, and better isolation effects are achieved by taking advantage of their different working modes. Because the first antenna, the second antenna or the third antenna and the fourth antenna are physically separated by a large distance, sufficient isolation performance can be obtained.

[0061] Whole machine antenna simulation reference Figure 11-13 As shown in the figure, the simulation results show that the return loss of all antennas is less than -10dB in the corresponding working frequency band, and the efficiency is higher than 79%, which meets the performance requirements. The isolation between all antennas is greater than 15dB, achieving the expected effect and meeting the isolation performance requirements required for antenna operation.

[0062] refer to Fig.13 As shown in the figure, isolation has a great impact on antenna performance. If the design of a single antenna is good but the isolation is poor, the performance of the antenna will change greatly. For example, the bandwidth of the return loss will not meet the working requirements due to the isolation, the efficiency will deteriorate, and the throughput of the MIMO system will drop significantly, etc. The test results show that the isolation of the MIMO antenna is good, all below -15dB.

[0063] refer to Fig.14As shown in the figure, ECC is a parameter we focus on. The definition of antenna ECC (Envelop Correlation Coefficient) refers to the correlation between the received signal amplitudes between different antenna units. It is a parameter indicator to measure the diversity performance and coupling performance of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) multi-antenna systems. The impact of antenna ECC is mainly reflected in the performance of the MIMO system. When the ECC value between multiple antenna units is high, the system will lose the diversity effect, resulting in performance degradation. Therefore, when designing a MIMO system, it is necessary to select an antenna with a lower antenna ECC value to ensure the performance of the system. Usually, when the antenna ECC value is below 0.5, the communication system can operate well.

[0064] There are two ways to calculate ECC, one is based on S parameters, and the other is based on the radiation characteristics of MIMO antennas. The calculation of S parameters is relatively simple and easy to obtain, but the performance evaluation of the MIMO antenna system is not comprehensive enough, and the radiation orthogonality factor of each antenna in the antenna system is not included. Therefore, the second calculation method is very important. In this ECC test, we measured the radiation characteristics of each antenna in a microwave darkroom and used them to calculate ECC. The calculation formula is as follows, where is Field radiation pattern of antenna i (1 or 2):

[0065]

[0066] The results show that the ECC value is below 0.3, which meets the requirements of MIMO applications. Fig.15 As shown, the tested frequency can cover the required frequency band, and the frequency deviation is less than 10%.

[0067] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna, characterized in that: The antenna includes: PCB motherboard; A first L-shaped antenna bracket; and a second L-shaped antenna bracket; The first L-shaped antenna bracket and the second L-shaped antenna bracket are arranged in a symmetrical structure around the center of the PCB mainboard; The first L-shaped antenna bracket and the second L-shaped antenna bracket are respectively provided with a first antenna and a second antenna symmetrical to each other at the outer sides of the L-shaped corners thereof; The first antenna and the second antenna respectively include: a first antenna area located outside the short side of the L-shape, and a second antenna area located outside the long side of the L-shape. The first antenna area and the second antenna area are connected to the L-shaped corner, and the end of the first antenna area is electrically connected to the PCB mainboard.

2. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slot is formed at the end of the first antenna region.

3. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second antenna area is provided with a slot.

4. A multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slot extends to an L-shaped corner and is connected to the first antenna area.

5. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first antenna region is shorter than the second antenna region and has the same height as the second antenna region.

6. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The length of the first antenna area is 25.7 mm, and the length of the second antenna area is 34.5 mm; The height of the first antenna region and the second antenna region is 6.5 mm.

7. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the slot is 15 mm.

8. A multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also including a third antenna and a fourth antenna; The third antenna and the fourth antenna are respectively arranged at the long side ends of the first L-shaped antenna support and the second L-shaped antenna support.

9. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first antenna, the second antenna, the third antenna and the fourth antenna correspond to four frequency bands respectively.

10. The multi-standard compact 5G MIMO directional complementary antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The four frequency bands are 0.82-0.96 GHz, 4.8-5 GHz, 1.71-2.69 GHz, and 3.6-3.8 GHz respectively.

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