Multi-mode photo-thermal chemical energy coupling power generation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-mode photo-thermal chemical energy coupling power generation device which comprises a photovoltaic cell, a thermoelectric power generation assembly and a metal air cell, and the thermoelectric power generation assembly is used for receiving heat of the photovoltaic cell and the metal air cell to generate power. The invention provides a photovoltaic power generation-thermoelectric power generation-metal air battery power generation composite ternary power generation system, which is coupled with a multi-source power generation technology, forms complementary advantages, synergistically improves the power generation efficiency, solves the problems of volatility and intermittency of single power generation, and realizes all-weather stable power output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power generation, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device. Background Art

[0002] Driven by the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, new energy power generation technologies have made significant progress, covering multiple fields such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy and biomass energy. The development of these technologies not only helps to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also promotes the development of the sustainable energy industry.

[0003] Photovoltaic power generation is mainly based on solar cell technology. Among them, crystalline silicon cells occupy the main body of large-scale production and application of photovoltaic cells due to their high conversion efficiency, abundant raw material sources, and non-toxicity. However, photovoltaic cells can only use ultraviolet and visible light with shorter wavelengths in the solar spectrum, while infrared light, which accounts for about 43% of the total solar radiation energy, is converted into waste heat, which will also cause the operating temperature of the battery to increase. The peak power of photovoltaic cells decreases with the increase of temperature. For every 1°C increase in temperature, the peak power loss rate is about 0.41%. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention innovatively provides a multi-modal photothermal and chemical energy coupling power generation device, which is a ternary power generation system of photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric power generation and metal-air battery power generation. It couples multi-source power generation technologies to form complementary advantages, synergistically improve power generation efficiency, solve the volatility and intermittent problems of single power generation, and achieve stable power output around the clock.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention discloses a multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device, including a photovoltaic cell, a thermoelectric power generation component and a metal air battery.

[0006] The thermoelectric power generation component is used to receive heat from the photovoltaic cell and the metal-air battery to generate electricity.

[0007] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell, the thermoelectric power generation assembly and the metal-air battery are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0008] The thermoelectric power generation assembly includes an upper thermoelectric power generation unit and a lower thermoelectric power generation unit arranged up and down, the upper thermoelectric power generation unit is used to receive the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell, and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit is used to receive the heat generated by the internal chemical reaction of the metal air battery.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper thermoelectric power generation unit and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit both include thermoelectric power generation films, and the thermoelectric power generation films include n-type thermoelectric films and p-type thermoelectric films that are alternately arranged laterally, and the n-type thermoelectric films and the p-type thermoelectric films are connected in series.

[0010] Furthermore, the material of the n-type thermoelectric film is A x Mg 3-x Sb2, wherein A is Yb, Eu, Ca or Sr, 0<x<1; and / or the material of the p-type thermoelectric film is GeTe.

[0011] Furthermore, the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film are connected in series via a heat collecting electrode.

[0012] Furthermore, a first heat insulation layer is provided between the upper thermoelectric power generation unit and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit.

[0013] Furthermore, a first heat-conducting layer is provided between the upper thermoelectric power generation unit and the photovoltaic cell, and / or a second heat-conducting layer is provided between the lower thermoelectric power generation unit and the metal-air battery.

[0014] Furthermore, a concealed layer is provided on the top of the multimodal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device to adapt to the surrounding environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the concealing layer includes a full dielectric reflection layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the all-dielectric reflective layer includes ZnS films and MgF2 films that are alternately arranged vertically, and the thicknesses of the ZnS films and the MgF2 films are adjusted according to the surrounding environment.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The multimodal photothermal and chemical energy coupled power generation device of the present invention is a ternary power generation system of photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric power generation and metal air battery power generation. It couples multi-source power generation technologies to form complementary advantages, synergistically improve power generation efficiency, solve the volatility and intermittent problems of single power generation, and achieve stable power output around the clock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 4 is a circuit diagram of a thermoelectric power generation assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a circuit diagram of a multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure,

[0023] 1. Photovoltaic cell; 2. Thermoelectric power generation assembly; 21. Upper thermoelectric power generation unit; 22. Lower thermoelectric power generation unit; 23. First thermal insulation layer; 24. Collecting electrode; 3. Metal-air battery; 31. Metal anode; 32. Electrolyte; 33. Air cathode; 4. First thermal conductive layer; 5. Second thermal conductive layer; 6. Hidden layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device provided by the present invention is explained and illustrated in detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.

[0025] This embodiment specifically discloses a multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a photovoltaic cell 1, a thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 and a metal-air battery 3, and the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 is used to receive heat from the photovoltaic cell 1 and the metal-air battery 3 to generate electricity. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic cell 1, the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 and the metal-air battery 3 are arranged from top to bottom, and the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 includes an upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 and a lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 arranged up and down, the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 is used to receive the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell 1, and the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 converts the received heat generated by the photovoltaic cell 1 into electrical energy, and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 is used to receive the heat generated by the internal chemical reaction of the metal-air battery 3, and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 converts the received heat into electrical energy.

[0026] The present application constitutes a ternary power generation system composed of photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric power generation and metal-air battery. The photovoltaic cell 1 uses ultraviolet light and visible light with shorter wavelengths in the solar spectrum to directly convert this part of light energy into electrical energy, and the photovoltaic heat generated by the remaining infrared light is converted into electrical energy by the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 of the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2, thereby realizing the cascade coupling utilization of full-spectrum solar energy and improving the energy conversion efficiency and total output power density of the overall power generation device; in addition, the use of photovoltaic heat also prevents the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell 1 from rising, avoiding the problem of reduced output power and poor stability of the photovoltaic cell 1. The production capacity of photovoltaic and waste heat is weak at night, which leads to a large difference in the day and night output performance of the binary combination of photovoltaic and thermoelectric, and it is impossible to achieve stable output of the power generation device all day long. The metal-air battery 3 has a certain thermal effect. When working, the metal anode 31 dissolves and generates a large amount of heat. This part of the heat can be used to activate the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 at night, and the metal-air battery 3 and the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 are coupled to form an electrical energy output at night, which can achieve an output power consistent with that during the day. Thus, stable power output is achieved all day long.

[0027] The upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 both include thermoelectric power generation films, and the thermoelectric power generation films include n-type thermoelectric films and p-type thermoelectric films that are arranged alternately in the transverse direction, and the n-type thermoelectric films and the p-type thermoelectric films are connected in series. The number of n-type thermoelectric films and p-type thermoelectric films is the same, and the two ends of the thermoelectric power generation film are n-type thermoelectric films and p-type thermoelectric films, respectively. The thermoelectric power generation film converts the received heat into electrical energy. Preferably, the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 are arranged symmetrically up and down.

[0028] Optionally, the material of the n-type thermoelectric thin film is A x Mg 3-x Sb2, wherein A is Yb, Eu, Ca or Sr, 0<x<1; the material of the p-type thermoelectric film is GeTe, and the conversion efficiency is high.

[0029] It has been verified that under a temperature difference of 440K, the x Mg 3-x The conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation film composed of an n-type thermoelectric film of Sb2 (A = Yb, Eu, Ca or Sr) and a p-type thermoelectric film using GeTe in series is between 10-11%, while the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation film composed of an n-type thermoelectric film made of Mg3Sb2 material without a modified factor A and a p-type thermoelectric film using GeTe in series under the same size conditions is about 8%. The present application greatly improves the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0030] Optionally, the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film are connected in series through a heat collecting electrode 24. The heat collecting electrode 24 can realize both heat transfer and electrical energy transmission, and is used for the output of electrical energy. The heat collecting electrode 24 can be a copper electrode, which has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Preferably, the heat collecting electrodes 24 are distributed at the upper and lower ends of the thermoelectric power generation film, and the heat collecting electrodes 24 at the upper and lower ends are arranged in a staggered manner, which can both uniformly conduct heat and transmit electrical energy.

[0031] A first heat insulating layer 23 is provided between the upper thermoelectric generating unit 21 and the lower thermoelectric generating unit 22. The first heat insulating layer 23 separates the heat from the upper side from the heat from the lower side and serves as the cold end of the thermoelectric generating assembly 2 to ensure that the cold end of the thermoelectric generating assembly 2 is kept at a low temperature.

[0032] Optionally, the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 is wrapped with a second heat insulation layer to prevent the heat received by the upper thermoelectric power generation unit and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit from dissipating, avoid heat energy loss, and improve the conversion effect of the thermoelectric power generation unit.

[0033] The materials of the first heat insulation layer 23 and the second heat insulation layer can be high-density porous aluminum oxide foam, which can block heat transmission.

[0034] A first heat-conducting layer 4 is provided between the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 and the photovoltaic cell 1. The first heat-conducting layer 4 is in close contact with the photovoltaic cell 1 and is used to transfer the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell 1 to the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21. A second heat-conducting layer 5 is provided between the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 and the metal-air battery 3 and is used to transfer the heat generated by the chemical reaction inside the metal fuel cell to the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22. The material of the first heat-conducting layer 4 and the second heat-conducting layer 5 can be SiC, which has high thermal conductivity and is used to conduct heat quickly and efficiently.

[0035] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the first heat conducting layer 4 and the second heat conducting layer 5 serve as the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2, and the first heat insulating layer 23 serves as the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation unit. The heat collecting electrodes 24 connected to the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film at the most edges on the left and right sides of the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 are each connected to a wire as an output end; the heat collecting electrodes 24 connected to the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film at the most edges on the left and right sides of the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 are each connected to a wire; two wires of the same pole are connected to serve as the positive and negative voltage ends of the output end.

[0036] Photovoltaic cell 1 can use a monocrystalline silicon-based solar panel, and the output port of photovoltaic cell 1 is set on the side of photovoltaic cell 1, and the output port of photovoltaic cell 1 can be a silver film. The heat generated by photovoltaic cell 1 is directly transferred to the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 through the first heat-conducting layer 4, and the upper thermoelectric power generation unit 21 converts the heat into electrical energy. Metal-air battery 3 can use aluminum-air battery, which has high heat generation by chemical reaction. Metal-air battery 3 includes a metal anode 31 (the metal anode can be in plate form), an electrolyte 32 (NaOH or KOH solution) and an air cathode 33 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the air cathode 33 includes a current collector foam nickel and a waterproof and breathable layer arranged on both sides of the current collector foam nickel, and a catalyst layer MnO2 / Ag is arranged between the current collector foam nickel and the waterproof and breathable layer. The metal anode 31 can use a high-purity aluminum anode plate, and the high-purity aluminum anode plate is in close contact with the second heat-conducting layer 5. The output port is set on the side of the metal-air battery 3, and the output port is a silver film. The photovoltaic cell 1 and the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 generate electricity during the day, and the metal-air battery 3 and the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 generate electricity at night, and can be used in various outdoor environments.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the output end of the photovoltaic cell 1, the output end of the thermoelectric power generation assembly 2 and the output end of the metal-air battery 3 can all be connected to a voltage stabilizing module to output a stable voltage.

[0038] Military defense facilities such as radar stations, missile defense systems, and communication relay stations usually rely on a stable power supply. The multimodal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device of the present application can meet the power supply needs of military defense facilities. However, in the military field, concealment is crucial to ensure the safety of military bases and operations.

[0039] The multi-modal photothermal-chemical energy coupling power generation device of the present application is provided with a concealing layer 6 on the top thereof to adapt to the surrounding environment and realize the concealing function. The concealing layer 6 is provided on the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell 1 .

[0040] Optionally, the concealing layer 6 includes a full dielectric reflective layer, which realizes the concealing function by reflecting light of a specific wavelength, thereby not affecting the photovoltaic cell 1 receiving solar energy, and realizing the concealing function.

[0041] Preferably, the all-dielectric reflective layer includes ZnS films and MgF2 films arranged alternately in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the ZnS films and the MgF2 films are adjusted according to the surrounding environment. Either of the ZnS films and the MgF2 films can be at the top, and the present application does not make any special restrictions. The thickness of the ZnS film and the MgF2 film are λ / 4n, respectively, where λ is the reflection wavelength and n is the refractive index of the film material. The reflection wavelength is determined according to the color of the environment, and the thickness of each layer of the ZnS film and each layer of the MgF2 film can be adjusted. Thus, the concealed layer 6 changes color according to the environment like a chameleon, and has high concealment in different environments. For example, for island environments, it is necessary to reflect blue-green light around 500nm to achieve concealment, so λ is taken as 500, the refractive index of ZnS is 2.45, and the refractive index of MgF2 is 1.37. Therefore, the thickness of each layer of ZnS film is 50nm, and the thickness of each layer of MgF2 film is 90nm, so a blue-green light highly reflective dielectric film layer is constructed, so that the multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device of the present application can be applied to blue-green scenes such as islands, reefs, and offshore platforms. The reflectivity of the blue-green light highly reflective dielectric film layer of the present application to blue-green light is as high as more than 90%, which greatly improves the concealment of the multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device when applied to marine environment scenes such as islands, reefs, and offshore platforms. The number of layers of ZnS film and MgF2 film is set as needed.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the concealed layer 6 is closely connected to the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell 1, and the concealed layer 6 and the light-receiving surface area of ​​the photovoltaic cell 1 are the same. The photovoltaic cell 1 uses a monocrystalline silicon-based solar cell panel, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 17%. During the daytime sunlight illumination, the shielding layer will reflect more than 90% of the blue-green light near 500nm, thereby realizing the concealment of the device when applied to marine environment scenes such as islands, reefs, and offshore platforms. After that, the sunlight is incident on the upper surface of the photovoltaic cell 1, and part of the incident light (mainly ultraviolet light and visible light with shorter wavelengths) can be converted into electrical energy for external output through the photovoltaic cell 1, and the other part is mainly photovoltaic heat generated by infrared light. Through the first heat-conducting layer 4, it is quickly and efficiently conducted to the heat collecting electrode 24 of the thermoelectric power generation component 2, and the Seebeck effect (electric effect caused by temperature difference) of the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film is used to drive the directional migration of carriers, and perform temperature difference power generation, so as to realize the conversion of photovoltaic heat energy into electrical energy for external output, and the electrical energy is output from the output end of the thermoelectric component. The photovoltaic cell 1 and the thermoelectric component work together, which not only avoids the problems of photovoltaic heat causing the photovoltaic cell 1 to increase in operating temperature and reduce power and damage the stability of the material, but also improves the utilization rate of solar energy. Compared with 17% when the photovoltaic cell 1 works alone, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the two working together can be increased to 21.7% at most.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, during the night without light, the photovoltaic cell 1 stops working, and the photovoltaic waste heat is very weak at night. At this time, the metal-air battery 3 is turned on, and first, the electric energy of the metal-air battery 3 is output to the outside from its output end (the metal-air battery 3 is taken as an aluminum-air battery as an example to illustrate the working principle. The working principle of the aluminum-air battery involves two main reactions: at the aluminum anode, aluminum is continuously consumed and generates Al(OH)3, and releases electrons; at the air cathode 33, under the action of the catalyst MnO2 / Ag, oxygen in the air reacts with water and electrons to generate OH - ). When the metal-air battery 3 is working, the metal dissolution of the metal anode 31 will release a large amount of heat, which is quickly and efficiently conducted to the lower thermoelectric power generation unit 22 through the second heat-conducting layer 5. The Seebeck effect (electric effect caused by temperature difference) of the n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film is also used to drive the directional migration of carriers to perform temperature difference power generation, thereby converting the waste heat generated by the metal-air battery into electrical energy for external output. The electrical energy is output from the output end of the thermoelectric power generation component 2. The thermoelectric power generation component 2 and the metal-air battery 3 components work together at night to ensure that the output power at night is consistent with that during the day, achieving stable output performance around the clock, and the total output power density can reach 40mW / cm 2 , thus greatly increasing the daily power generation, up to 12Wh@100cm 2 .

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0045] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "this embodiment", "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any at least one embodiment or example. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0047] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and simple improvements made to the essential contents of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device, characterized in that: It comprises a photovoltaic cell (1), a thermoelectric power generation component (2) and a metal-air battery (3), The thermoelectric power generation component (2) is used to receive heat from the photovoltaic cell (1) and the metal-air battery (3) to generate electricity.

2. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell (1), the thermoelectric power generation assembly (2) and the metal-air battery (3) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The thermoelectric power generation assembly (2) comprises an upper thermoelectric power generation unit (21) and a lower thermoelectric power generation unit (22) arranged in an upper and lower manner, wherein the upper thermoelectric power generation unit (21) is used to receive heat generated by the photovoltaic cell (1), and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit (22) is used to receive heat generated by a chemical reaction inside the metal-air battery (3).

3. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper thermoelectric power generation unit (21) and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit (22) both comprise thermoelectric power generation films, wherein the thermoelectric power generation films comprise n-type thermoelectric films and p-type thermoelectric films that are alternately arranged laterally, and the n-type thermoelectric films and the p-type thermoelectric films are connected in series.

4. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the n-type thermoelectric film is A x Mg 3-x Sb2, wherein A is Yb, Eu, Ca or Sr, 0<x<1; and / or the material of the p-type thermoelectric film is GeTe.

5. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The n-type thermoelectric film and the p-type thermoelectric film are connected in series via a heat collecting electrode (24).

6. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first heat insulation layer (23) is provided between the upper thermoelectric power generation unit (21) and the lower thermoelectric power generation unit (22).

7. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first heat-conducting layer (4) is provided between the upper thermoelectric power generation unit (21) and the photovoltaic cell (1), and / or a second heat-conducting layer (5) is provided between the lower thermoelectric power generation unit (22) and the metal-air battery (3).

8. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A concealing layer (6) is arranged on the top of the multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device to adapt to the surrounding environment.

9. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The concealing layer (6) comprises a total dielectric reflection layer.

10. The multi-modal photothermal chemical energy coupling power generation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The all-dielectric reflective layer includes ZnS films and MgF2 films that are alternately arranged vertically, and the thicknesses of the ZnS films and the MgF2 films are adjusted according to the color of the surrounding environment.

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