Internet of Things equipment communication method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an Internet of Things equipment communication method and device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium, Internet of Things equipment and a gateway node form an Internet of Things equipment network, and the method comprises the following steps: sending a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message comprises equipment information of the Internet of Things equipment; the gateway node is used for carrying out identity verification on the Internet of Things equipment according to the equipment information after receiving the registration message, and generating a registration completion message after the verification succeeds; and after a registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message is received, transmitting a message corresponding to the specified message theme to the gateway node by adopting the theme identifier corresponding to the specified message theme. When the Internet of Things equipment and the gateway node carry out message transmission, the message transmission can be carried out based on the theme identifier corresponding to the specified message theme, the data transmission quantity is reduced, the method and the device are particularly suitable for an Internet of Things equipment network with limited resources, and the communication efficiency of the Internet of Things equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of Internet of Things technology, and in particular to an Internet of Things device communication method, an Internet of Things device communication device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, more and more Internet of Things devices are connected to the network for data exchange and information transmission.

[0003] However, due to factors such as the resources or network design of the IoT, the communication efficiency of IoT devices is low, making it impossible to provide users with better IoT services. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, a method and apparatus for communication of Internet of Things devices is proposed to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a communication method for an Internet of Things device, wherein the Internet of Things device is connected to a gateway node for communication to form an Internet of Things device network, and the method includes:

[0006] Sending a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes the device information of the IoT device; the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information after receiving the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication;

[0007] After receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message, the message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node and the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the Internet of Things device includes at least a sensor device, the Internet of Things device network composed of the sensor devices is a sensor network, and the Internet of Things device and the gateway node use a message queue telemetry transmission protocol suitable for the sensor network to transmit messages.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the registration message includes device information of the IoT device for topic registration; after receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, a message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node using a topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic, including:

[0010] Receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message; wherein the registration completion message includes a first designated message topic identifier assigned to the first designated topic after the gateway node generates the first designated message topic according to the device information in accordance with a preset topic naming rule;

[0011] Sending a subscription message to the gateway node; the subscription message includes a second designated message topic or a second designated message topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic; the node gateway is used to determine that the Internet of Things device subscribes to the second designated message topic according to the second designated message topic or the second designated message topic identifier;

[0012] Using the first designated topic identifier corresponding to the first designated message topic, sending a publish message corresponding to the first designated message topic to the gateway node, and or receiving a publish message related to the second designated message topic subscribed by the Internet of Things device, which is sent by the gateway node using the second designated topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:

[0014] Compressing the published message using a preset compression algorithm to obtain the compressed published message;

[0015] The encrypted and compressed release message is encrypted using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain the encrypted and compressed release message.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:

[0017] Sending a heartbeat message to the gateway node at a preset time interval;

[0018] Receive a heartbeat response message sent by the gateway node in response to the heartbeat message; wherein the gateway node is used to determine that the IoT device is offline when the heartbeat message sent by the IoT device is not received within a preset heartbeat time, and cache the published message related to the second specified topic message to which the IoT device has subscribed when the IoT device is offline;

[0019] When the Internet of Things device comes back online, a publishing message related to a second designated topic message that the Internet of Things device has subscribed to and is cached when the Internet of Things device is offline is received.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:

[0021] Entering a low-power sleep mode when the IoT device is not transmitting messages;

[0022] After the Internet of Things device enters the low-power sleep mode, the Internet of Things device that enters the low-power sleep mode is awakened when a preset wake-up time is reached or an external event is received.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the network topology of the Internet of Things device network is determined according to the number of devices and the usage environment of the Internet of Things devices; the network topology includes at least a star topology, a tree topology and a mesh topology.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises:

[0025] Determine a quality service level corresponding to the IoT device;

[0026] After the Internet of Things device sends a message to the gateway node, if no confirmation message sent by the gateway node is received within a preset time, the message is resent according to the quality service level corresponding to the Internet of Things device.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node and the IoT device are used to process the received message sent by the IoT device and then send it to the cloud server; the processing includes at least data aggregation and preprocessing.

[0028] The embodiment of the present invention further discloses an IoT device communication device, wherein the IoT device is connected to a gateway node for communication to form an IoT device network, and the device comprises:

[0029] A message sending module, used to send a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes the device information of the IoT device; the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information after receiving the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication;

[0030] The message transmission module is used to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic between the gateway node and the gateway node using the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic after receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention further discloses an electronic device, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0032] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0033] The processor is used to implement the method described in the embodiment of the present invention when executing the program stored in the memory.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention further discloses a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the method described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention further discloses a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, enables the processors to execute the method described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention include the following advantages:

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, in an IoT device network formed by a communication connection between an IoT device and a gateway node, the IoT device can send a registration message to the gateway node, wherein the registration message can include device information of the IoT device. After receiving the registration message, the gateway node can authenticate the IoT device according to the device information in the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication. After receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, the IoT device can use the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic to the gateway node to achieve IoT device communication. When the IoT device of the embodiment of the present invention transmits messages with the gateway node, the message transmission can be based on the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic. Compared with the method of transmitting messages based on the specified message topic, the data transmission amount is reduced, which is particularly suitable for resource-constrained IoT device networks, improves the communication efficiency of IoT devices, and thus provides users with better IoT services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for communicating with an Internet of Things device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an application environment provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a process of efficient communication of IoT devices based on the MQTT-SN protocol provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of an Internet of Things device communication device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device for implementing various embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 , shows a flow chart of the steps of an Internet of Things device communication method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the Internet of Things device is connected to a gateway node for communication to form an Internet of Things device network, and the method may specifically include the following steps:

[0045] Step 101: Send a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes device information of the IoT device; after receiving the registration message, the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 , is a schematic diagram of an application environment provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein one or more IoT devices 201 are connected in communication with a gateway node (gateway) 202 to form an IoT device network (IoT), wherein the IoT devices themselves do not need to have complex computing capabilities, and illustratively, the IoT devices may include lighting equipment, dehumidifiers, switches, sockets, sensor devices, smoke alarms, smart door locks, and security cameras, etc., and the IoT devices may communicate with each other through communication protocols. In some embodiments of the present invention, in some resource-constrained IoT device networks, the IoT devices may be sensor devices, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors, etc., and the IoT device network composed of sensor devices may be called a sensor network.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the devices in the IoT device network can use the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol for message / data transmission. Specifically, the MQTT protocol is a lightweight communication protocol based on the publish / subscribe mode, which can provide real-time and reliable message services for devices with very little code and limited bandwidth. As an instant messaging protocol with low overhead and low bandwidth occupancy, it can be applied in the field of IoT. Further, in some resource-constrained IoT network environments, flowing into low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), the standard MQTT protocol may not meet the requirements of low bandwidth and low power consumption. Therefore, the IoT device network of the embodiment of the present invention, especially the devices in the resource-constrained IoT device network, can use the MQTT-SN (MQTT for Sensor Networks, MQTT for sensor networks) protocol for message / data transmission. The MQTT-SN protocol is a simplified version of the MQTT protocol, designed for resource-constrained network environments and devices, with lower overhead and higher efficiency, and is suitable for communication between sensor devices in sensor networks. Of course, in practical applications, other communication protocols can also be selected to realize message transmission of IoT devices in IoT device networks, and the embodiments of the present invention do not need to be limited to this. In the embodiments of the present invention, when configuring the gateway node, a gateway node that supports the MQTT-SN protocol can be selected to ensure that it can support and convert the MQTT-SN protocol and the MQTT protocol. Specifically, the network parameters of the gateway node (such as IP address, port, etc.) can be configured to ensure that it can communicate with IoT platforms (such as cloud servers / central servers) and IoT devices.

[0048] In the specific implementation, the message topic (Topic) is a string used to identify the message category in the MQTT-SN protocol. Different types of messages can be distinguished based on the message topic. IoT devices can send and receive messages corresponding to the message topic by publishing and subscribing to the corresponding message topic. For example, assuming that IoT device A subscribes to the message topic about temperature, if IoT device B publishes a published message 1 (such as temperature data) about the message topic about temperature to the gateway node, the gateway node can send a published message 1 to IoT device A.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the IoT device is powered on, it first registers with the gateway node through the REGISTER message (registration message) of the MQTT-SN protocol, thereby realizing identity authentication and subscription to message topics. Among them, the registration message contains the device information of the IoT device, and the device information may at least include a unique identifier (Device ID) and a security key. After receiving the registration message, the gateway node can verify the identity of the IoT device based on the device information, and store the device information in the local database after the verification is passed. The IoT device can be authenticated based on the device information stored in the local database. For example, when the gateway node receives a message sent by the IoT device, it can verify the legitimacy of the IoT device by querying the local database to see if there is device information corresponding to the IoT device, thereby preventing illegal devices from accessing the IoT device network. Among them, after the gateway node verifies the device information in the registration message, it can generate a registration completion message for the registration message and send it to the corresponding IoT device.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, devices in the IoT device network, such as gateway nodes and IoT devices, can use TLS (Transport Layer Security) / DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) protocols to encrypt data to prevent data from being stolen or tampered with. In addition, gateway nodes or other control devices can also use certificates or pre-shared keys to authenticate device identities to ensure that only legitimate IoT devices can access the network.

[0051] Step 102: after receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message, a message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node and the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic.

[0052] The designated message topic may be a message topic subscribed or published by an IoT device. The message topics may each have a topic identifier (topic ID) that can uniquely identify the message topic. The topic identifier is two bytes. The message topic is usually multi-byte, usually more than two bytes. Therefore, using the topic identifier for message transmission can avoid transmitting the complete message topic every time, thereby improving the message transmission efficiency of the IoT device, that is, improving the communication efficiency of the IoT device. Exemplarily, the message topic may be "home / temperature / livingroom", and the topic identifier corresponding to the message topic may be "1".

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the IoT device receives the registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, the IoT device and the gateway node can use the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic between the gateway node.

[0054] In the above-mentioned IoT device communication method, in the IoT device network formed by the communication connection between the IoT device and the gateway node, the IoT device can send a registration message to the gateway node, wherein the registration message can include the device information of the IoT device. After receiving the registration message, the gateway node can authenticate the IoT device according to the device information in the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after the verification is successful. After receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, the IoT device can use the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic to input the message corresponding to the specified message topic to the gateway node to realize IoT device communication. When the IoT device of the embodiment of the present invention transmits messages with the gateway node, the message transmission can be based on the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic. Compared with the method of transmitting messages based on the specified message topic, the data transmission amount is reduced, which is particularly suitable for resource-constrained IoT device networks, improves the communication efficiency of IoT devices, and thus provides users with better IoT services.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the registration message includes device information of the IoT device for topic registration; after receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, a message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node using a topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic, including:

[0056] Receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message; wherein the registration completion message includes a first designated message topic identifier assigned to the first designated topic after the gateway node generates the first designated message topic according to the device information in accordance with a preset topic naming rule;

[0057] Sending a subscription message to the gateway node; the subscription message includes a second designated message topic or a second designated message topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic; the node gateway is used to determine that the Internet of Things device subscribes to the second designated message topic according to the second designated message topic or the second designated message topic identifier;

[0058] Using the first designated topic identifier corresponding to the first designated message topic, sending a publish message corresponding to the first designated message topic to the gateway node, and or receiving a publish message related to the second designated message topic subscribed by the Internet of Things device, which is sent by the gateway node using the second designated topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, message topics can be classified according to device type, data type, etc. for easy management and filtering. By designing reasonable topic naming rules, it is easy to manage and filter messages. Exemplarily, the topic naming rule design principles may include: Hierarchy: Use a hierarchy to organize topics, similar to the directory structure of a file system. Use a slash ( / ) to separate each level; Clarity: The topic name corresponding to the message topic should be as clear as possible and be able to clearly express the source and type of the data. Consistency: Maintain consistency in naming rules for easy management and understanding. Scalability: Consider possible future expansion needs when designing topics, and leave a certain degree of flexibility. Simplicity: While ensuring clarity, be as concise as possible and avoid overly long topic names corresponding to message topics.

[0060] In one example of the present invention, assuming that a smart home system includes temperature sensors and light control devices in multiple rooms, the following topic naming rules can be designed: Device type: The first level indicates the device type, such as a sensor device (sensor) or a control device (control). Device location: The second level indicates the location of the device, such as the room name (livingroom, bedroom, kitchen, etc.). Device function: The third level indicates the function or data type of the device, such as temperature (temperature), humidity (humidity), light (light), etc. Device details: The fourth level indicates the specific device number or type to distinguish multiple devices of the same type in the same location. Taking the temperature sensor as a specific example, the message name corresponding to the message topic subscribing to the living room temperature sensor can be: sensor / livingroom / temperature.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the Internet of Things device successfully registers with the gateway node, that is, after the Internet of Things device completes identity authentication and registers the designated message topic (first designated message topic) on the gateway node, the corresponding published message can be published to the first designated message topic by sending a PUBLISH message (publish message) to the gateway node. At the same time, the Internet of Things device subscribes to the message topic of interest (second designated message topic) through a SUBSCRIBE message (subscription message) to receive the published message related to the second designated message topic sent by the gateway node. It should be noted that in order to improve the communication efficiency of the Internet of Things device, the embodiment of the present invention allocates a corresponding topic identifier for the message topic. In the MQTT-SN protocol, the Internet of Things device needs to register the message topic with the gateway node first and obtain the corresponding topic identifier to reduce the amount of data transmitted based on the topic identifier. For example, the first designated message topic has a corresponding first designated topic identifier, and the second designated message topic has a corresponding second designated topic identifier. In this way, when the Internet of Things device publishes the first designated message topic to the gateway node, it can send the corresponding published message for the first designated message topic to the gateway node according to the first designated topic identifier, and the gateway node can use the second designated topic identifier to send the published message related to the second designated message topic subscribed by the Internet of Things device.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include:

[0063] Compressing the published message using a preset compression algorithm to obtain the compressed published message;

[0064] The encrypted and compressed release message is encrypted using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain the encrypted and compressed release message.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, before the IoT device and the gateway node send a message (for example, publish a message), the IoT device can use a preset lightweight compression algorithm, such as LZ77, Huffman coding and other compression algorithms to compress the message to reduce the amount of data. At the same time, other encryption algorithms such as symmetric encryption algorithms (such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)) are used to encrypt the compressed message to ensure data security. Transmitting messages between IoT devices based on compressed and encrypted messages can effectively reduce the amount of data and improve the communication efficiency of IoT devices. In some embodiments, the IoT devices and gateway nodes of the embodiments of the present invention can merge multiple messages into a large message for batch message transmission, reduce the number of communications, and further improve communication efficiency.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include:

[0067] Sending a heartbeat message to the gateway node at a preset time interval;

[0068] Receive a heartbeat response message sent by the gateway node in response to the heartbeat message; wherein the gateway node is used to determine that the IoT device is offline when the heartbeat message sent by the IoT device is not received within a preset heartbeat time, and cache the published message related to the second specified topic message to which the IoT device has subscribed when the IoT device is offline;

[0069] When the Internet of Things device comes back online, a publishing message related to a second designated topic message that the Internet of Things device has subscribed to and is cached when the Internet of Things device is offline is received.

[0070] Exemplarily, the preset time interval may be 1 minute or others, and the preset heartbeat time may be 5 minutes or others.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present invention, the IoT device can send a PINGREQ message (heartbeat message) to the gateway node at preset time intervals (e.g., 1 minute) to indicate that the IoT device is online. After receiving the heartbeat message, the gateway node can reply a PINGRESP message (heartbeat response message) to the corresponding IoT device. If the gateway node does not receive the heartbeat message sent by the IoT device within the preset heartbeat time (e.g., 5 minutes), the IoT device is considered to be offline, and corresponding measures are taken, such as trying to reconnect the IoT device and locally caching the published message corresponding to the message topic to which the IoT device has subscribed.

[0072] When an IoT device is offline, the gateway node stores the published messages published by other IoT devices to which the IoT device has subscribed in the local cache. When the IoT device is back online, the gateway node can send the cached published messages (PUBLISH messages) to the IoT device, so that the IoT device can obtain all messages related to the subscribed message topics, ensuring the user experience of the IoT device.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include:

[0074] Entering a low-power sleep mode when the IoT device is not transmitting messages;

[0075] After the Internet of Things device enters the low-power sleep mode, the Internet of Things device that enters the low-power sleep mode is awakened when a preset wake-up time is reached or an external event is received.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, the IoT device can enter a low-power sleep mode when there is no need to transmit messages, thereby saving power of the IoT device. Then, after the IoT device enters the low-power sleep mode, a timer can be used to wake up the IoT device at a preset wake-up time, or the IoT device can be woken up by an external event (for example, a temperature sensor detects that the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold) to prompt the IoT device to collect and transmit data.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the network topology of the Internet of Things device network is determined according to the number of devices and the usage environment of the Internet of Things devices; the network topology includes at least a star topology, a tree topology and a mesh topology.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present invention, the Internet of Things device network can adaptively select a suitable network topology according to the number of connected Internet of Things devices and the use environment (power consumption requirements and communication requirements). Among them, the network topology includes at least star topology, tree topology and mesh topology. Specifically, star topology: the central node (gateway node) communicates directly with each sensor node (Internet of Things device), which is suitable for scenarios with a small number of devices. Tree topology: suitable for larger-scale sensor networks, intermediate nodes (intermediate nodes can be certain Internet of Things devices) can be used as relay devices to forward messages and reduce communication distances. Mesh topology: each node (including Internet of Things devices and gateway nodes) can communicate with multiple nodes, provide redundant paths, and improve the robustness of the network.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method may further include:

[0080] Determine a quality service level corresponding to the IoT device;

[0081] After the Internet of Things device sends a message to the gateway node, if no confirmation message sent by the gateway node is received within a preset time, the message is resent according to the quality service level corresponding to the Internet of Things device.

[0082] In the specific implementation, multiple quality of service levels (QoS (Quality of Service) levels) are set. The gateway node or the user can select the appropriate QoS level according to the application requirements to ensure the reliable transmission of messages. Exemplarily, the QoS levels may include but are not limited to: QoS 0: At most one transmission, no confirmation of message arrival. Suitable for scenarios that are not sensitive to lost messages. QoS1: At least one transmission, ensuring that the message arrives but may be repeated. The device is required to retransmit the message when no confirmation is received. QoS2: Only one transmission, ensuring that the message arrives and is not repeated. The device is required to perform a complex four-step handshake process.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the IoT device sends a message to the gateway node, if the IoT device does not receive a confirmation message sent by the gateway node within a preset time, for example, after the IoT device sends a release message to the gateway node, the gateway node does not return a corresponding confirmation message within a preset time, then the IoT device can resend the message at the corresponding quality service level. Exemplarily, if the quality service level of the IoT device is QoS 0, there is no need to resend the message. In addition, when the IoT device of an embodiment of the present invention detects that it is disconnected from the gateway node, it automatically attempts to reconnect to ensure the communication reliability of the IoT device.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node and the IoT device are used to process the received message sent by the IoT device and then send it to the cloud server; the processing includes at least data aggregation and preprocessing.

[0085] In a specific implementation, the IoT device network may include a central server in addition to gateway nodes and IoT devices. Gateway nodes and IoT devices may also be edge nodes. Specifically, edge nodes refer to computing devices or sensor devices located at the edge of the network, usually close to the data source (such as data / messages collected by IoT devices such as sensors and cameras), responsible for the initial processing, filtering and transmission of data. A central server refers to a computing resource cluster or server group located at the center of the network, responsible for centralized processing, storage and management of data collected from edge nodes.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the edge node collects the message, the message can be processed and then transmitted to the central server for processing or storage. The processing may include data aggregation and preprocessing to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted. In addition, the edge node can perform simple data analysis and processing on the Internet of Things before uploading it to the central server to reduce the burden on the central server. Both data aggregation and preprocessing are to reduce the amount of data transmission, improve system efficiency and response speed. Specifically, data aggregation is to combine multiple data points (messages) into one data point to reduce the amount of data transmission. Aggregate data within a fixed time window, for example, calculate the average temperature once an hour. Data preprocessing is a preliminary processing of the raw data to improve data quality and the efficiency of subsequent processing. For example, use normalization to scale the data to a standard range.

[0087] In order to make those skilled in the art better understand, the following uses a specific example to illustrate the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of a process for efficient communication of IoT devices based on the MQTT-SN protocol provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The specific process may include the following steps:

[0088] S1: After the IoT device is powered on, it first registers with the gateway node through the REGISTER message (registration message) of the MQTT-SN protocol. The registration message contains the device's unique identifier (ID) and security key. After receiving the registration message, the gateway node verifies the IoT device identity and stores the device information in the local database.

[0089] S2: After the IoT device is successfully registered, it can publish data to the specified topic through the PUBLISH message (publish message). At the same time, the IoT device subscribes to the topic of interest through the SUBSCRIBE message (subscribe message) to receive related messages. Message topics can be classified according to device type, data type, etc. for easy management and filtering.

[0090] S3: Before sending a message, IoT devices can use a lightweight compression algorithm to compress the message to reduce the amount of data. At the same time, a symmetric encryption algorithm (such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)) is used to encrypt the compressed data to ensure data security.

[0091] S4: The IoT device sends a PINGREQ message (heartbeat message) to the gateway at regular intervals (e.g., 1 minute) to indicate that the IoT device is online. After receiving the heartbeat message, the gateway node replies with a PINGRESP message (heartbeat response message). If the gateway node does not receive the heartbeat message from the IoT device within a certain period of time (e.g., 5 minutes), the IoT device is considered offline and corresponding measures are taken.

[0092] S5: When the IoT device is offline, the gateway node stores the messages published by the IoT device in the local cache. When the IoT device is back online, the gateway node sends the cached messages to the IoT device via a PUBLISH message.

[0093] The above-mentioned method for efficient communication of IoT devices based on the MQTT-SN protocol in an embodiment of the present invention realizes efficient, secure and reliable communication of IoT devices in a resource-constrained network environment by optimizing the communication protocol and data processing flow, and has broad application prospects and practical value.

[0094] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0095] Reference Figure 4 , shows a structural block diagram of an Internet of Things device communication device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the Internet of Things device is connected to a gateway node for communication to form an Internet of Things device network, and the device may specifically include the following modules:

[0096] The message sending module 401 is used to send a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes the device information of the IoT device; after receiving the registration message, the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication;

[0097] The message transmission module 402 is used to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic to the gateway node by using the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic after receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present invention, the Internet of Things device includes at least a sensor device, the Internet of Things device network composed of the sensor devices is a sensor network, and the Internet of Things device and the gateway node use a message queue telemetry transmission protocol suitable for the sensor network to transmit messages.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, the registration message includes device information of the IoT device for topic registration; the message transmission module 402 is used to:

[0100] Receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message; wherein the registration completion message includes a first designated message topic identifier assigned to the first designated topic after the gateway node generates the first designated message topic according to the device information in accordance with a preset topic naming rule;

[0101] Sending a subscription message to the gateway node; the subscription message includes a second designated message topic or a second designated message topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic; the node gateway is used to determine that the Internet of Things device subscribes to the second designated message topic according to the second designated message topic or the second designated message topic identifier;

[0102] Using the first designated topic identifier corresponding to the first designated message topic, sending a publish message corresponding to the first designated message topic to the gateway node, and or receiving a publish message related to the second designated message topic subscribed by the Internet of Things device, which is sent by the gateway node using the second designated topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises: a compression encryption module, configured to:

[0104] Compressing the published message using a preset compression algorithm to obtain the compressed published message;

[0105] The encrypted and compressed release message is encrypted using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain the encrypted and compressed release message.

[0106] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises: a heartbeat module, configured to:

[0107] Sending a heartbeat message to the gateway node at a preset time interval;

[0108] Receive a heartbeat response message sent by the gateway node in response to the heartbeat message; wherein the gateway node is used to determine that the IoT device is offline when the heartbeat message sent by the IoT device is not received within a preset heartbeat time, and cache the published message related to the second specified topic message to which the IoT device has subscribed when the IoT device is offline;

[0109] When the Internet of Things device comes back online, a publishing message related to a second designated topic message that the Internet of Things device has subscribed to and is cached when the Internet of Things device is offline is received.

[0110] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes: a low power consumption module, configured to:

[0111] Entering a low-power sleep mode when the IoT device is not transmitting messages;

[0112] After the Internet of Things device enters the low-power sleep mode, the Internet of Things device that enters the low-power sleep mode is awakened when a preset wake-up time is reached or an external event is received.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present invention, the network topology of the Internet of Things device network is determined according to the number of devices and the usage environment of the Internet of Things devices; the network topology includes at least a star topology, a tree topology and a mesh topology.

[0114] In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes: a message transmission module, configured to:

[0115] Determine a quality service level corresponding to the IoT device;

[0116] After the Internet of Things device sends a message to the gateway node, if no confirmation message sent by the gateway node is received within a preset time, the message is resent according to the quality service level corresponding to the Internet of Things device.

[0117] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gateway node and the IoT device are used to process the received message sent by the IoT device and then send it to the cloud server; the processing includes at least data aggregation and preprocessing.

[0118] In an embodiment of the present invention, in an IoT device network formed by a communication connection between an IoT device and a gateway node, the IoT device can send a registration message to the gateway node, wherein the registration message can include device information of the IoT device. After receiving the registration message, the gateway node can authenticate the IoT device according to the device information in the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication. After receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, the IoT device can use the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic to the gateway node to achieve IoT device communication. When the IoT device of the embodiment of the present invention transmits messages with the gateway node, the message transmission can be based on the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic. Compared with the method of transmitting messages based on the specified message topic, the data transmission amount is reduced, which is particularly suitable for resource-constrained IoT device networks, improves the communication efficiency of IoT devices, and thus provides users with better IoT services.

[0119] As for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0120] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention may involve the use of user data. In actual applications, user-specific personal data can be used in the scheme described herein within the scope permitted by applicable laws and regulations, subject to the requirements of applicable laws and regulations of the country where the user is located (for example, with the user's explicit consent, effective notification to the user, etc.).

[0121] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, each process of the above-mentioned Internet of Things device communication method embodiment is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0122] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, each process of the above-mentioned IoT device communication method embodiment is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0123] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned Internet of Things device communication method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0124] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device for implementing various embodiments of the present invention.

[0125] The electronic device 500 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 501, a network module 502, an audio output unit 503, an input unit 504, a sensor 505, a display unit 506, a user input unit 507, an interface unit 508, a memory 509, a processor 510, and a power supply 511. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that Figure 5 The electronic device structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device, and the electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently. In the embodiments of the present invention, the electronic device includes but is not limited to a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a wearable device, and a pedometer.

[0126] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency unit 501 can be used for receiving and sending signals during information transmission or communication. Specifically, after receiving downlink data from the base station, it is sent to the processor 510 for processing; in addition, uplink data is sent to the base station. Generally, the radio frequency unit 501 includes but is not limited to an antenna, at least one amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low noise amplifier, a duplexer, etc. In addition, the radio frequency unit 501 can also communicate with the network and other devices through a wireless communication system.

[0127] The electronic device provides users with wireless broadband Internet access through the network module 502, such as helping users to send and receive emails, browse web pages, and access streaming media.

[0128] The audio output unit 503 can convert the audio data received by the RF unit 501 or the network module 502 or stored in the memory 509 into an audio signal and output it as sound. Moreover, the audio output unit 503 can also provide audio output related to a specific function performed by the electronic device 500 (for example, a call signal reception sound, a message reception sound, etc.). The audio output unit 503 includes a speaker, a buzzer, a receiver, etc.

[0129] The input unit 504 is used to receive audio or video signals. The input unit 504 may include a graphics processor (GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042, and the graphics processor 5041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The processed image frame can be displayed on the display unit 506. The image frame processed by the graphics processor 5041 can be stored in the memory 509 (or other storage medium) or sent via the radio frequency unit 501 or the network module 502. The microphone 5042 can receive sound and can process such sound into audio data. The processed audio data can be converted into a format output that can be sent to a mobile communication base station via the radio frequency unit 501 in the case of a telephone call mode.

[0130] The electronic device 500 also includes at least one sensor 505, such as a light sensor, a motion sensor, and other sensors. Specifically, the light sensor includes an ambient light sensor and a proximity sensor, wherein the ambient light sensor can adjust the brightness of the display panel 5061 according to the brightness of the ambient light, and the proximity sensor can turn off the display panel 5061 and / or the backlight when the electronic device 500 is moved to the ear. As a type of motion sensor, the accelerometer sensor can detect the magnitude of acceleration in each direction (generally three axes), and can detect the magnitude and direction of gravity when stationary, which can be used to identify the posture of the electronic device (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer posture calibration), vibration recognition related functions (such as pedometer, tapping), etc.; the sensor 505 can also include a fingerprint sensor, a pressure sensor, an iris sensor, a molecular sensor, a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, an infrared sensor, etc., which will not be repeated here.

[0131] The display unit 506 is used to display information input by the user or information provided to the user. The display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or the like.

[0132] The user input unit 507 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the electronic device. Specifically, the user input unit 507 includes a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. The touch panel 5071, also known as a touch screen, can collect the user's touch operation on or near it (such as the user's operation on the touch panel 5071 or near the touch panel 5071 using any suitable object or accessory such as a finger, stylus, etc.). The touch panel 5071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Among them, the touch detection device detects the user's touch orientation, detects the signal brought by the touch operation, and transmits the signal to the touch controller; the touch controller receives the touch information from the touch detection device, converts it into the contact point coordinates, and then sends it to the processor 510, receives the command sent by the processor 510 and executes it. In addition, the touch panel 5071 can be implemented using multiple types such as resistive, capacitive, infrared and surface acoustic waves. In addition to the touch panel 5071, the user input unit 507 may also include other input devices 5072. Specifically, other input devices 5072 may include but are not limited to a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick, which are not described in detail here.

[0133] Furthermore, the touch panel 5071 may be overlaid on the display panel 5061. When the touch panel 5071 detects a touch operation on or near it, it transmits the information to the processor 510 to determine the type of the touch event. Then, the processor 510 provides a corresponding visual output on the display panel 5061 according to the type of the touch event. Figure 5 In the figure, the touch panel 5071 and the display panel 5061 are used as two independent components to realize the input and output functions of the electronic device. However, in some embodiments, the touch panel 5071 and the display panel 5061 can be integrated to realize the input and output functions of the electronic device, which is not limited here.

[0134] The interface unit 508 is an interface for connecting an external device to the electronic device 500. For example, the external device may include a wired or wireless headset port, an external power supply (or battery charger) port, a wired or wireless data port, a memory card port, a port for connecting a device with an identification module, an audio input / output (I / O) port, a video I / O port, a headphone port, etc. The interface unit 508 may be used to receive input (e.g., data information, power, etc.) from an external device and transmit the received input to one or more elements within the electronic device 500 or may be used to transmit data between the electronic device 500 and an external device.

[0135] The memory 509 can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 509 can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory 509 can include a high-speed random access memory, and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0136] The processor 510 is the control center of the electronic device. It uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 509 and calling data stored in the memory 509, it performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data, thereby monitoring the electronic device as a whole. The processor 510 may include one or more processing units; preferably, the processor 510 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes the operating system, user interface, and application programs, and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communications. It is understandable that the above-mentioned modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 510.

[0137] The electronic device 500 may also include a power supply 511 (such as a battery) for supplying power to each component. Preferably, the power supply 511 may be logically connected to the processor 510 through a power management system, thereby managing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system.

[0138] In addition, the electronic device 500 includes some functional modules not shown, which will not be described in detail here.

[0139] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0140] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

[0142] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0143] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0144] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0145] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0146] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0147] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0148] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method for an Internet of Things device, characterized in that: The Internet of Things device is communicatively connected with a gateway node to form an Internet of Things device network, and the method includes: Sending a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes the device information of the IoT device; the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information after receiving the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication; After receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message, the message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node and the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Internet of Things devices at least include sensor devices, the Internet of Things device network formed by the sensor devices is a sensor network, and the Internet of Things devices and the gateway nodes use a message queue telemetry transmission protocol suitable for the sensor network to transmit messages.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The registration message includes device information of the IoT device for topic registration; after receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node for the registration message, a message corresponding to the specified message topic is transmitted between the gateway node using a topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic, including: Receiving a registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message; wherein the registration completion message includes a first designated message topic identifier assigned to the first designated topic after the gateway node generates the first designated message topic according to the device information in accordance with a preset topic naming rule; Sending a subscription message to the gateway node; the subscription message includes a second designated message topic or a second designated message topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic; the node gateway is used to determine that the Internet of Things device subscribes to the second designated message topic according to the second designated message topic or the second designated message topic identifier; Using the first designated topic identifier corresponding to the first designated message topic, sending a publish message corresponding to the first designated message topic to the gateway node, and or receiving a publish message related to the second designated message topic subscribed by the Internet of Things device, which is sent by the gateway node using the second designated topic identifier corresponding to the second designated message topic.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The method further comprises: Compressing the published message using a preset compression algorithm to obtain the compressed published message; The encrypted and compressed release message is encrypted using a preset encryption algorithm to obtain the encrypted and compressed release message.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending a heartbeat message to the gateway node at a preset time interval; Receive a heartbeat response message sent by the gateway node in response to the heartbeat message; wherein the gateway node is used to determine that the IoT device is offline when the heartbeat message sent by the IoT device is not received within a preset heartbeat time, and cache the published message related to the second specified topic message to which the IoT device has subscribed when the IoT device is offline; When the Internet of Things device comes back online, a publishing message related to a second designated topic message that the Internet of Things device has subscribed to and is cached when the Internet of Things device is offline is received.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Entering a low-power sleep mode when the IoT device is not transmitting messages; After the Internet of Things device enters the low-power sleep mode, the Internet of Things device that enters the low-power sleep mode is awakened when a preset wake-up time is reached or an external event is received.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The network topology of the Internet of Things device network is determined according to the number of devices and the usage environment of the Internet of Things devices; the network topology includes at least a star topology, a tree topology and a mesh topology.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Determine a quality service level corresponding to the IoT device; After the Internet of Things device sends a message to the gateway node, if no confirmation message sent by the gateway node is received within a preset time, the message is resent according to the quality service level corresponding to the Internet of Things device.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gateway node and the IoT device are used to process the messages received from the IoT device and then send them to the cloud server; the processing includes at least data aggregation and preprocessing.

10. An Internet of Things device communication device, characterized in that: The Internet of Things device is connected to the gateway node for communication to form an Internet of Things device network, and the device includes: A message sending module, used to send a registration message to the gateway node; the registration message includes the device information of the IoT device; the gateway node is used to authenticate the IoT device according to the device information after receiving the registration message, and generate a registration completion message after successful authentication; The message transmission module is used to transmit the message corresponding to the specified message topic between the gateway node and the gateway node using the topic identifier corresponding to the specified message topic after receiving the registration completion message sent by the gateway node in response to the registration message.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 when executing the program stored in the memory.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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