Biological crust water and soil conservation method suitable for arid river valleys

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological crust water and soil conservation method suitable for arid river valleys, and the biological crust planting method comprises the following steps: 1, biological crust propagation: (11) collecting crust, and carrying out pretreatment; (12) according to the inoculation amount of 250-300 g / m < 2 >, the crust powder mixed nutrient solution is sprayed and seeded into a soil matrix for crust collection; (13) irrigating for more than 36 days to obtain breeding crust; 2, disturbed land biological crust repairing: (21) land leveling; (22) uniformly mixing the breeding crust powder, hay and surface soil to obtain crust slurry; (23) the crust slurry is sprayed and sown on the slope surface; and (24) maintaining and managing for more than one month to obtain the biological crust. The biological crust planting method is adopted for water and soil conservation of the arid river valley, the method is easy to implement, short in period, high in adaptability and stability and small in economic demand, water and soil loss can be effectively prevented and controlled, the soil quality is improved, and the method can be well suitable for ecological restoration engineering of the arid river valley area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for arid river valleys. Background Art

[0002] The arid river valley area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecologically sensitive area in my country, with a dry climate, scarce precipitation, and high evaporation. The soil types in this area are mostly desertified or poor rocky soils, with sparse vegetation and particularly serious soil and water loss problems. Due to unstable precipitation, alternating wind and water erosion, the soil continues to erode and lose, seriously affecting the productivity and ecological stability of the land.

[0003] With the intensification of global climate change and the impact of human activities, the problem of soil erosion in the dry river valleys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has become more serious. Especially in areas where agriculture and animal husbandry are combined, the increase in engineering construction and human activities has aggravated the risk of ecological damage and soil erosion. The key to solving the problem of soil erosion in the region is to take effective soil and water conservation measures, restore the ecological function of the soil in the ecologically damaged areas, and improve the productivity and ecological recovery capacity of the land. In the face of this challenge, although traditional soil and water conservation technologies such as vegetation restoration and engineering management have achieved certain results in some areas, due to the particularity of climate, soil and zonal vegetation, the results are often not ideal.

[0004] The prior art reports a method of reconstructing arid river valleys by marking large horizontal terraces on the slope and planting vegetation on the terraces. However, the terraces not only fail to intercept the wind, but also cause severe wind erosion and soil degradation by cutting the slope surface, destroying the surface vegetation and soil biological crust. The degraded soil seriously affects the growth of the original vegetation.

[0005] In the existing technology, trees and shrubs are mainly used for planting vegetation in dry valleys. However, trees and shrubs consume a lot of water, and the precipitation cannot meet the normal physiological metabolic needs of trees, resulting in a low survival rate. In addition, the high-altitude and steep natural environment of dry valleys makes it difficult and dangerous to plant artificial plants.

[0006] Based on the zonal laws of soil and vegetation and adapting to local conditions, exploring new ecological restoration and soil and water conservation technologies that are more suitable for the region has become a scientific issue that needs to be urgently addressed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for arid river valleys. The present invention adopts a biological crust planting method to carry out soil and water conservation in arid river valleys. This method is simple to implement, has a short cycle, strong adaptability and stability, and low economic demand. It can effectively prevent and control soil erosion and improve soil quality. It can be well applied to ecological restoration projects in arid river valleys.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for arid river valleys, which uses a biological crust planting method to carry out ecological restoration and soil and water conservation on disturbed land in arid river valleys. The biological crust planting method comprises the following steps:

[0010] 1. Biological crust reproduction

[0011] (11) collecting local crusts in arid river valley areas and pre-treating them to obtain crust powder;

[0012] (12) According to 250~300 / m 2 The crust powder mixed with nutrient solution is sprayed into the soil matrix collected from the crust according to the inoculation amount; the nutrient solution formula is: 0.8-1.2 g / L ammonium nitrate, 1.5-2.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.3 g / L magnesium sulfate and / or 5-10 g / L glucose;

[0013] (13) irrigating for more than 36 days at a depth of 2-4 mm per irrigation at 3-4 days to obtain a propagation crust;

[0014] 2. Restoration of biological crusts on disturbed land;

[0015] (21) For disturbed land, land leveling shall be carried out according to the terrain conditions;

[0016] (22) collecting and crushing the artificially propagated biological crust according to step (11), and mixing the propagated crust powder, hay, and topsoil to obtain crust slurry;

[0017] (23) According to step (12), the crusting slurry is sprayed onto the slope surface after land preparation;

[0018] (24) Carry out maintenance and management according to step (13) for more than one month to obtain a biological crust with good soil and water conservation function.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the above technical solution: The present invention has been developed for the special environment of the arid river valley and found that the traditional vegetation restoration methods in arid areas are not applicable. The arid river valley has low precipitation, high evaporation and high altitude and steep natural environment. Whether from an economic or feasibility perspective, large-scale existing vegetation restoration, tree and shrub planting, laying of square grass grids and other methods are not suitable.

[0020] The arid river valley areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have significant vegetation zonal characteristics. The low-altitude areas are dominated by grasslands and shrub belts. As the altitude increases, the vegetation gradually becomes sparse and transitions to plateau desert. The vegetation types are mainly drought-resistant and cold-resistant herbs and shrubs with low growth density. In this environment, ecological restoration must take into account the natural conditions and ecosystem fragility of the region. We found that the application of biological crusts is the key first step in the ecological restoration process under engineering disturbance. Through biological crust restoration, a solid foundation can be laid for subsequent vegetation restoration and shrub planting. Once the crust layer is stable and the soil structure is improved, it will gradually transition to vegetation planting activities such as shrub restoration to achieve more complex and diverse ecosystem restoration.

[0021] Aiming at the unique environment of arid river valley areas, the present invention has studied and determined the ecological environment of arid river valleys can be repaired by planting biological crusts, and further determined the three key factors of moss inoculation amount, watering frequency and nutrient solution concentration. The precise control of these three key factors can better adapt to the environmental characteristics of arid river valley areas and shorten the growth cycle of traditional biological crusts, thereby having significant effects in improving the stability of biological crusts, enhancing soil water retention, and optimizing ecological restoration.

[0022] Preferably, the arid river valley area is the arid river valley area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the disturbance is engineering construction or other human activities.

[0023] Preferably, the specific method for collecting and pretreating the crust is as follows: before collecting the crust, water is evenly applied through a watering can to moisten the surface of the crust, and then the mixed crust and the 1-2 cm thick soil layer thereunder are cut off, and dried naturally in a cool and ventilated place. After drying, the mixture is crushed and filtered through a 0.1 mm sieve to obtain crust powder.

[0024] Preferably, in step (12), the mass volume ratio of the crusting powder to the nutrient solution is (1-2) g: (8-9) mL; the soil matrix comprises: 250-350 parts by weight of soil from arid river valley areas, 25-35 parts by weight of wood ash, 50-70 parts by weight of plant residues, 0.5-1 parts by weight of a water retaining agent, and 150-200 parts by weight of water.

[0025] Preferably, according to 300g / m 2 The crust powder is mixed with nutrient solution and sprayed at an inoculum rate of 100%.

[0026] Preferably, irrigation is carried out every 4 days with a water layer depth of 3 mm each time.

[0027] Preferably, the nutrient solution formula is: 1 g / L ammonium nitrate, 2 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25 g / L magnesium sulfate and / or 5 g / L glucose.

[0028] Preferably, the breeding crust powder, hay and topsoil in step (22) are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-3): 50:500.

[0029] Preferably, the biocrusts are planted in dry river valleys from March to May or from September to November.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] 1. Adaptability: The present invention uses an optimized biocrust planting method to carry out ecological restoration in arid river valleys based on different climate, soil and ecological environment conditions in arid river valleys. The appropriate amount of moss inoculation, watering frequency and nutrient solution concentration are set to optimize the growth environment of the biocrust, thereby improving the stability and restoration effect of the biocrust.

[0032] 2. Optimal utilization of water resources: By rationally controlling the frequency of watering, water waste in existing technologies can be avoided, more efficient water utilization can be achieved in arid areas, and the sustainability of ecological restoration can be improved.

[0033] 3. Improve soil improvement effect: Optimization of moss inoculation amount, precise adjustment of watering frequency and scientific regulation of nutrient solution concentration enable the soil to form an effective crust layer in a short period of time, significantly improving the soil's water retention, fertility and wind erosion resistance, and providing strong support for ecological restoration in arid areas.

[0034] 4. Improve the ecological restoration effect: Through the combined effects of the three, the present invention can promote the recovery of soil ecosystems, improve biodiversity, and promote ecological restoration and sustainable development in desertified areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a crust coverage curve diagram for different treatments from 0 to 36 days in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a bar graph of crust coverage at day 36 under different treatments in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the plant height of crusted plants at 0-36 days after different treatments in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4This is a bar graph of the crusted plant heights at day 36 under different treatments in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a crusting density curve diagram for different treatments from 0 to 36 days in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 The bar graph of crust density at day 36 of different treatments in Example 1 of the present invention is

[0042] Figure 7 These are pictures of the crusting appearance on the 36th day after different treatments in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 8 These are pictures of the crusting appearance of treatment 11 on days 0-42 in the pilot experiment of Example 1 of the present invention, day 0 (A), day 14 (B), day 28 (C) and day 42 (D). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] 1. Biological crust reproduction

[0047] Crust seed collection and pretreatment:

[0048] The crust provenance is collected from local crusts in the arid river valley area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Before collecting the crust, water should be evenly applied through a watering can to moisten the surface of the crust. The purpose of this step is to restore the biological activity of the crust and ensure a close bond between the crust and the soil to prevent the crust from becoming brittle in a dry state, which may lead to easy breakage or loss during transportation. Then, use a small shovel to gently cut off the mixed crust and the soil layer about 1 cm thick below it. Ensure that the natural bond between the crust and the soil is retained during the cutting process to avoid disturbing the structure of the crust. Carefully put the cut crust layer and soil mixture into a clean plastic bucket prepared in advance. Appropriate space should be maintained in the bucket so that the crust and soil can breathe freely to avoid over-sealing that causes the crust to heat up or rot. The collected crust and soil mixture should be transported back to the room as soon as possible and placed in a cool and ventilated place for natural drying. Avoid direct sunlight during the drying process. After drying, manually pick out obvious impurities such as plant residues, soil blocks, and stones. Careful manual screening can ensure that the quality of the collected crust is purer and prepare good seed sources for subsequent experiments. In order to further refine the structure of the crust layer, the dried crust is crushed using a plant crusher. The crushing time is controlled at about 40 seconds to ensure that the fineness of the crust powder is suitable for subsequent processing. The crushed crust is filtered through a 0.1mm sieve to remove larger particles or impurities, and finally obtain a crust powder that meets the requirements.

[0049] Culture medium matrix configuration:

[0050] Soil from arid valleys was used as the culture medium soil, and the culture medium soil was collected from the same location as the moss crust. To eliminate the impact of scattered propagules in the crust on the soil, the moss crust and 5 cm thick soil layer on the ground were first removed, and then the underlying soil layer of 5-20 cm was excavated. After the soil was collected, it was transported to the laboratory for natural drying, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and placed in a cool place for later use.

[0051] Each portion of the matrix is ​​600g, including: 300g of soil from arid river valley areas, 30g of wood ash, 60g of plant residues (mainly dead branches and leaves, which can be simply crushed), 0.6g of potassium polyacrylate water-absorbing resin water-retaining agent (implementation standard NY / T 886-2022), and the rest is water.

[0052] Cultivation environment:

[0053] This example was conducted in a greenhouse near the biocrust collection site. During the experiment, the temperature fluctuated between day and night: 16.37-21.87°C during the day and 14.53-20.03°C at night; the humidity was maintained at 31.47-33.17% RH (day) and 31.30-32.47% RH (night). In addition, the lighting conditions in the greenhouse simulated natural sunlight and provided uniform light intensity to meet the photosynthesis requirements of mosses. The environmental conditions in the greenhouse are similar to the spring and autumn seasons in the arid river valley area.

[0054] Planting and management:

[0055] According to the research of Chen Yanqin et al. (2009), the effects of spore propagation, stem cutting and broadcasting on the formation process of moss crust were compared under artificial incubator conditions. It was found that the broadcasting method was most conducive to the development of moss crust coverage and was easy to operate and promote. Therefore, in this experiment, the crust powder was broadcast on the substrate.

[0056] Water: Each time the water layer was irrigated at a depth of 3 mm, three groups were set up: watering once every 2 days, once every 4 days, and once every 6 days to simulate different water supply conditions.

[0057] Inoculation amount of crust: In order to explore the effect of inoculation amount on the growth of biological crust, a gradient comparison was set for the inoculation amount of crust, which was divided into three levels: 1.2g, 1.5g and 1.8g, corresponding to 200g / m 2 , 250g / m 2 and 300g / m 2 Three types of settings. Under the condition of 1.2g inoculum, the crust coverage density is low and the expansion speed is slow, but the resource utilization efficiency is high; 1.5g inoculum is a medium level, which can achieve a faster coverage speed and uniform crust growth, suitable for environments with medium resource conditions; 1.8g inoculum has the highest density and can quickly form a dense crust layer, significantly improving soil performance in the short term, but uneven growth may occur due to increased resource competition among mosses.

[0058] Nutrition management: According to research, 50g / L glucose, 1g / L ammonium nitrate, 2g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25g / L magnesium sulfate are the best concentrations for the growth and development of moss crusts. However, a sugar solution concentration greater than 10g / L may inhibit the growth of moss crusts. Therefore, this experiment set glucose concentrations of 5g / L (a), 15g / L (b), 30g / L (c) and 50g / L (d), supplemented with fixed concentrations of 1g / L ammonium nitrate, 2g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25g / L magnesium sulfate. At the same time, a control group without the application of nutrients was set up. On the 0th day, the nutrient solution was mixed with the crust powder and applied to each group of treatment at 25ml. No more application was made subsequently. Two days after the experiment, it was found that a large number of mosses died under nutritional measures b, c, and d. Artificially excessive glucose concentrations can seriously inhibit the growth of mosses.

[0059] This experiment designed 18 treatments, and each treatment was subjected to two parallel experiments. The specific treatments are shown in Table 1:

[0060] Table 1 Experimental design of artificial cultivation of crust in dry valley

[0061]

[0062] Experimental results:

[0063] 1. Dynamic characteristics of crust coverage under rapid cultivation

[0064] Table 2 shows the changes in crust coverage over time under rapid cultivation conditions. Figure 1 It can be seen that the coverage was 0 at the initial stage (0 day) and then gradually increased, reflecting the promotion effect of rapid cultivation on crust growth. Figure 2 It can be seen that there are significant differences in the final coverage of moss crusts under different treatment conditions. Among them, treatments 11 and 12 performed the best, reaching 62.5% and 47.5% coverage at 36 days, respectively, indicating that their cultivation conditions or technologies are the most effective. From the overall trend, the growth of coverage in most treatments tends to stabilize after 24 days, indicating that this stage may be the key period for rapid cultivation of crusts.

[0065] Table 2 Crust coverage record under rapid cultivation (% average of two parallel groups)

[0066] deal with Day 0 12 days 18 days 24 days 36 days 1 0 13.5 19.5 26.5 29 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 14 18 19 30 4 0 6.5 8 8 15 5 0 21 28.5 24 35 6 0 15.5 20 18.5 20 7 0 8 11.5 16 20 8 0 11 14 17.5 22.5 9 0 12.5 22.5 37.5 39 10 0 4.5 9 10.5 9 11 0 31 40 46 62.5 12 0 31.5 35 37.5 47.5 13 0 4 5 11 14 14 0 7.5 8 6 6 15 0 9.5 10.5 17.5 11 16 0 9 7.5 7.5 8 17 0 32.5 20.5 9.5 27.5 18 0 20 10.5 13 8

[0067] In order to further clarify the key factors affecting the growth of moss crusts, variance analysis of moss crust coverage was conducted (Table 3). The results of variance analysis showed that the effects of watering frequency, inoculation amount and nutrient gradient on moss crust coverage were significant (p<0.05).

[0068] Table 3 Analysis of variance table of moss crust coverage at the end of the experiment

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] 2. Dynamic characteristics of crust density under rapid cultivation

[0072] from Figure 3 It can be seen that the density of each treatment was 0 at the beginning (0 days), and the density gradually increased with the passage of time, indicating that the rapid cultivation technology significantly promoted the density of the crust. The density of moss crusts under different treatment conditions gradually increased over time, but there were significant differences in the growth rate and final density among the treatments. For example, the density growth of treatments 11 and 12 was the most obvious, reaching 78.88 plants / cm at 36 days. 2 and 75.46 plants / cm 2 , showing the superiority of these treatments in promoting crust density. However, some treatments (such as the second group of treatments 2 and 4) changed slightly throughout the experiment, or even showed no significant growth. In addition, the density of some treatments (such as treatments 6 and 18) decreased in the later period, perhaps due to environmental changes or nutrient competition. From the overall trend, 24 days is a critical period for rapid density increase, and most treatments tend to stabilize after this stage, which provides a reference for optimizing the cultivation cycle.

[0073] Table 4 Crust density records under rapid cultivation (plants / cm 2 The average of two parallel groups)

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Table 5 Analysis of variance table of moss crust density at the end of the experiment

[0077]

[0078] The results of variance analysis showed (Table 5) that at the end of the experiment, the density of moss crusts was significantly affected by watering frequency and nutrient gradient, while the effect of inoculum size did not reach the statistically significant level (p>0.05). Specifically, the F value of watering frequency was 4.118 and the p value was 0.025, indicating that different watering frequencies had a significant effect on the density of moss crusts. The appropriate watering frequency may provide a stable water supply for mosses, promoting the formation of crusts and increasing density. The nutrient gradient had the most significant effect on the crust density, with an F value of 8.458 and a p value of 0.006, indicating that the appropriate nutrient gradient provided key support for moss growth and greatly promoted the increase in crust density. In contrast, although the effect of inoculum size was not significant (p=0.074), it still played a certain role in the formation of crust density. A higher inoculum size may provide a good covering basis for mosses. From a comprehensive analysis, optimizing watering frequency and nutrient gradient is the key to improving the density of moss crusts.

[0079] 3. Dynamic characteristics of plant height in rapid cultivation of crusted plants

[0080] from Figure 5 It can be seen that the plant height of each treatment was 0 at the beginning (0 day), and then gradually increased, which shows that the rapid cultivation technology has a certain effect in promoting the growth of crusts. The change trend of the plant height of moss crusts in each treatment group during the whole experiment. Figure 6 It can be seen that there are significant differences in the plant height of moss crusts between different treatment groups. Although the plant height of moss crusts gradually increased over time, different treatment groups showed different growth rates and final plant heights during this process. Some treatments such as 11 and 12 showed the most significant growth, with plant heights reaching 0.66 cm and 0.52 cm respectively at 36 days, reflecting the successful cultivation techniques of these treatments. However, some treatments (such as treatment 2) did not show significant growth throughout the experiment. In addition, some treatments (such as 6 and 10) had varying degrees of decline in plant height in the later stages, which may be related to environmental pressure, competitive relationships or resource consumption. 24 days is the key stage for plant height growth in most treatments, after which the growth of some treatments tends to slow down or even stagnate.

[0081] Table 6 Records of plant height under rapid cultivation (cm)

[0082] deal with Day 0 12 days 18 days 24 days 36 days 1 0 0.18 0.25 0.28 0.30 2 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 0 0.13 0.22 0.16 0.29 4 0 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.20 5 0 0.18 0.33 0.22 0.39 6 0 0.08 0.28 0.17 0.19 7 0 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.19 8 0 0.08 0.17 0.13 0.18 9 0 0.13 0.27 0.39 0.43 10 0 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.07 11 0 0.18 0.43 0.45 0.66 12 0 0.25 0.38 0.40 0.52 13 0 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.13 14 0 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 15 0 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.09 16 0 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.06 17 0 0.13 0.23 0.08 0.26 18 0 0.03 0.09 0.10 0.07

[0083] Table 7 shows the results of variance analysis of the plant height of moss crusts at the end of the experiment. According to the results of variance analysis, it can be confirmed that the effects of watering frequency, inoculation amount and nutrient gradient on the plant height of moss crusts have reached a statistically significant level (p<0.05). The specific analysis is as follows: The effect of watering frequency is significant (p=0.016), which indicates that the growth of moss crusts is greatly affected by watering frequency. A higher watering frequency may promote the water absorption and growth of moss, thereby promoting the growth of crusts. The effect of inoculation amount on the plant height of moss crusts is also significant (p=0.032). An increase in inoculation amount helps to increase the growth density of moss, thereby increasing the plant height of moss crusts. The nutrient gradient also has a significant effect on the plant height of moss crusts (p=0.021). Different nutrient gradients may provide different growth conditions, affecting the growth rate and final plant height of moss.

[0084] Table 7 Analysis of variance table of moss crust plant height at the end of the experiment

[0085]

[0086] 2. Pilot test analysis

[0087] Under the experimental conditions, by adjusting the watering frequency, inoculation amount and nutrient gradient factors, it was found that treatment 11 (watering every 4 days, 300g / m 2 The combination of inoculum size, 1g / L ammonium nitrate, 2g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25g / L magnesium sulfate in the nutrient solution had the best effect on the rapid culture of moss crusts. In order to verify the applicability of the optimal treatment method under laboratory conditions and its feasibility on a larger scale, a pilot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of treatment 11 on the rapid culture of moss crusts under actual conditions.

[0088] Pilot test steps:

[0089] 1. Level the disturbed land at the biocrust collection site in the arid river valley area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to the terrain conditions;

[0090] 2. Collect and crush the artificially propagated biological crust according to the method in the biological crust propagation step 11, and pre-treat the crust powder, hay, and topsoil in a mass ratio of 3:50:500 to obtain crust slurry;

[0091] 3. According to 300g / m 2 The inoculation amount is to spray the crust mud mixed with the nutrient solution and sow it on the slope after land preparation; the nutrient solution ratio is: 1g / L ammonium nitrate, 2g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25g / L magnesium sulfate;

[0092] 4. Carry out maintenance and management for 42 days at a rate of 4 days / irrigation with a water depth of 3mm each time.

[0093] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the performance changes of the moss crust of treatment 11 on the 0th day (A), 14th day (B), 28th day (C) and 42nd day (D) are as follows: on the 0th day (initial state), the color of the substrate surface is mainly bare soil, with a small amount of spores occasionally distributed, and there is no sign of moss crust; on the 14th day (early development stage), the surface of the substrate presents a small amount of initial inoculated moss spores, but the overall coverage is low, and no obvious growth is observed; on the 28th day (rapid growth period), the moss coverage rate increases significantly, the crust area begins to take shape, the crust structure in some areas tends to be stable, and the adhesion to the substrate is enhanced; on the 42nd day (stable maturity period), the moss crust coverage rate is close to saturation, the surface presents a uniform green crust layer, the structure is complete, and the crust thickness and strength are further improved, reflecting a high stability.

[0094] The results of laboratory and pilot analysis showed that after 36 days, the moss crust had successfully covered the soil surface and was growing stably, with no major growth problems (such as excessive thinning, nutrient deficiency, etc.). It can be considered that the biological crust has basic protective functions and ecological restoration effects, and subsequent management can be reduced or stopped.

[0095] Traditional methods usually rely on the slow formation process of natural moss crusts and lack targeted technical regulation, resulting in a long crust growth cycle and unstable effects. The present invention effectively solves these problems by optimizing the core links of moss crust technology. The optimal watering frequency was clarified through experiments, so that moss can still grow efficiently under drought conditions; the nutrient gradient was adjusted to avoid the inhibitory effect of excessive supply on moss, while reducing the potential negative impact on soil ecology; the inoculation amount was systematically optimized to make the crust form faster and more evenly, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency. This solution significantly improves the growth rate and stability of moss crusts, meets the needs of rapid ecological restoration in arid river valley areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and fills the gap in the application of existing technologies in extreme environments.

[0096] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0097] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys, characterized in that: A biocrust planting method is used to carry out ecological restoration and soil and water conservation on disturbed land in arid river valley areas. The biocrust planting method comprises the following steps:

1. Biological crust reproduction (11) collecting local crusts in arid river valley areas and pre-treating them to obtain crust powder; (12) spraying the crust powder mixed with nutrient solution into the soil matrix from which the crust was collected at an inoculation rate of 250 to 300 / m2; the nutrient solution formula is: 0.8 to 1.2 g / L ammonium nitrate, 1.5 to 2.5 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 to 0.3 g / L magnesium sulfate and / or 5 to 10 g / L glucose; (13) irrigating for more than 36 days at a depth of 2-4 mm per irrigation at 3-4 days to obtain a propagation crust; 2. Restoration of biological crusts on disturbed land (21) For disturbed land, land leveling shall be carried out according to the terrain conditions; (22) collecting and pre-treating the artificially propagated biological crust according to step (11), and evenly mixing the propagated crust powder, hay, and topsoil to obtain crust slurry; (23) According to step (12), the crusting slurry is sprayed onto the slope surface after land preparation; (24) Carry out maintenance and management according to step (13) for more than one month to obtain a biological crust with good soil and water conservation function.

2. The biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry river valley area is the dry river valley area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the disturbance is engineering construction or other human activities.

3. The biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of crust collection and pretreatment is as follows: before collecting the crust, water evenly through a watering can to moisten the surface of the crust, then cut off the mixed crust and the 1-2 cm thick soil layer underneath, dry naturally in a cool and ventilated place, and after drying, crush and filter through a 0.1 mm sieve to obtain crust powder.

4. The biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the crust powder to the nutrient solution in step (12) is (1-2) g: (8-9) mL; the soil matrix comprises: 250-350 parts by weight of soil from arid river valley areas, 25-35 parts by weight of plant ash, 50-70 parts by weight of plant residues, 0.5-1 parts by weight of a water retaining agent, and 150-200 parts by weight of water.

5. The biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crust powder was mixed with nutrient solution and sprayed at an inoculation rate of 300g / m2.

6. The biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Irrigation was carried out every 4 days with a water layer depth of 3 mm each time.

7. A biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The nutrient solution formula is: 1 g / L ammonium nitrate, 2 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.25 g / L magnesium sulfate and / or 5 g / L glucose.

8. A biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The breeding crust powder, hay and topsoil in step (22) are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-3): 50:

500.

9. A biological crust soil and water conservation method suitable for dry valleys according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Choose March to May or September to November for biocrust planting in dry river valley areas.

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