Efficient fertilization method suitable for southern double cropping rice

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency fertilizing method suitable for southern double cropping rice, which comprises the following steps: basal applying a compound fertilizer at one time according to the fertilizing amount of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer of 6-9 kg / mu, carrying out tillage with water after fertilization so as to fully mix the compound fertilizer with soil, deeply burying the fertilizer into a plough layer by 2-5 cm, and not carrying out topdressing in a seedling establishment period; respectively supplementing leaf fertilizer once in the tillering stage and the filling stage of the rice; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of urea formaldehyde, 2-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-35 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-25 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of an inhibitor, 0.5-1.5 parts of a loss control agent, 10-15 parts of chelated medium trace elements and 3-6 parts of a granulation auxiliary agent. A scientific and efficient fertilization mode is provided for rice production, so that the sustainable development of the double cropping rice in the southern region is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and ecological environment, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south. Background Art

[0002] Double-season rice plays an important role in the agricultural production and economic development of southern rice-growing areas in China. In order to meet the requirements of rice growth and development and obtain higher yields, nitrogen fertilizer application is an indispensable agricultural management measure, but the nitrogen fertilizer application method is usually to apply nitrogen fertilizer 2-3 times on the basis of basal fertilizer. Although this mode can meet the demand for nitrogen fertilizer in different growth stages of rice and obtain higher crop yields, the labor intensity and labor cost of manual fertilization are high.

[0003] In recent years, in order to improve fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental pollution, my country has vigorously promoted slow-release fertilizers. Slow-release fertilizers are fertilizers that slow down the nutrient release rate of fertilizers and are longer-lasting than ordinary chemical fertilizers. They have the advantages of high nutrient utilization rate, fertilizer and labor saving, and light environmental load, and are also conducive to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers have a long fertilizer effect period, and the nutrient release rate can basically match the fertilizer requirement of crops. Moreover, they only need to be applied once during the entire crop growth period. This simplified nitrogen fertilizer application mode is increasingly favored by growers. However, a single controlled-release fertilizer is applied once as a base fertilizer, and its nitrogen nutrient release has only one peak. Compared with ordinary urea, it only shifts the nitrogen supply peak backward, and it still cannot meet the nitrogen demand of crops at all stages of growth and development. Therefore, exploring reasonable nitrogen fertilizer optimization management measures is still an urgent problem to be solved in current agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south, providing a scientific and efficient fertilization mode for rice production, so as to promote the sustainable development of double-season rice in the south.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] An efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south: applying compound fertilizer once as a base fertilizer according to the application amount of 6kg / mu to 9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer, cultivating with water after fertilization to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, burying the fertilizer 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer, and no topdressing is required during the greening period; and applying foliar fertilizer once during the tillering period and the filling period of the rice.

[0007] The compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 30-35 parts of urea formaldehyde, 2-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-35 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-25 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of inhibitor, 0.5-1.5 parts of loss control agent, 10-15 parts of chelated trace elements and 3-6 parts of granulation aid.

[0008] The present invention uses urea formaldehyde to provide slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to meet the nitrogen demand during the entire growth period without topdressing; uses nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors to reduce urease activity, inhibit the activity of soil nitrifying bacteria, nitrite bacteria and other microorganisms, further synergistically enhance the slow-release effect of nitrogen fertilizer, and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency; uses loss control agents to further delay the release and loss of nitrogen fertilizer and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency; adds chelated trace elements, utilizes the synergistic effect between multiple elements, improves the disease resistance of crops, and promotes crop growth and development. Multi-element foliar combination fertilizers are sprayed during the tillering stage and the filling stage, and in the key growth and development stage of rice, medium and trace nutrient fertilizers and plant growth regulators are further supplemented to improve the disease resistance of crops and promote crop growth and development. The base fertilizer is buried 2-5 cm deep in the tillage layer to increase the slow-release effect, reduce nutrient loss, and improve fertilizer utilization.

[0009] The inhibitors of the present invention are urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, and the weight ratio is 2:3.

[0010] The loss control agent of the present invention is polyacrylamide and ferric chloride, and the weight ratio is 3:2.

[0011] The chelated trace elements of the present invention are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of chelated magnesium, 1-2.5 parts of chelated iron, 0.5-1.5 parts of chelated manganese and 1.5-3 parts of chelated zinc.

[0012] The chelating agent for chelating trace elements in the present invention is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate. Tetrasodium glutamate diacetate can be naturally degraded in nature, has no secondary pollution risk to the environment, is environmentally friendly, and has strong chelating ability.

[0013] Essential nutrients for plant growth such as Cu 2+ ,Zn 2+ ,Mn 2+ ,Fe 2+ ,Ni 2+ and Co 2+ etc. are of great significance to plant metabolism; in the transport process of these essential ions, some non-essential elements, such as Cd 2+ ,Hg 2+ ,Ag 2+ ,Pb 2+ The plasma also enters the plant body, causing biological and physiological toxicity to the plant. 2+OsIRT1 and OsIRT2 have a high affinity for Cd, and overexpression of OsIRT1 can improve the transport efficiency of rice for Cd. Under conditions of Fe and Zn deficiency, the transcription level of the AtYSL2 gene increases, and the function of the AtYSL2 protein may be to promote the lateral transport of heavy metals. Under conditions of iron deficiency, IRT1 may be strongly induced, causing plants to have a strong absorption of Cd. The present invention is rich in a large amount of divalent metal cations such as GLDA-Fe, Zn, and Mn, which compete with cadmium in the soil, can reduce the absorption and accumulation of soil cadmium by rice, and help plants enhance their ability to resist diseases.

[0014] The granulation aids of the present invention are attapulgite, sepiolite and red mud, and the weight ratio is 1:1:2.

[0015] Attapulgite and sepiolite are clay minerals whose unique spatial structure can absorb moisture from fertilizers and keep the environment dry. Red mud is a by-product of paper mills and is rich in medium and trace elements. While serving as a fertilizer granulation aid, it also has a certain role in reducing effective cadmium in the soil.

[0016] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is an aqueous solution containing 100 μM chelated iron, 1 μM chelated zinc, 20 μM salicylic acid and 20 μM brassinolide. Zn is a nutrient element necessary for plant growth. 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ It is of great significance to plant metabolism. Iron and zinc are indispensable elements for plant photosynthesis and growth and development. Supplementing these elements has a positive effect on increasing rice yields, maintaining the abundance of trace elements in rice seedlings and improving the immunity of rice seedlings. 2+ , Fe 2+ The presence of a large amount of salicylic acid and brassinolide can produce competitive antagonism with Cd in the late stage of rice growth, inhibit the absorption and transport of Cd by crops, increase rice yield and improve rice quality. The supplementation of salicylic acid and brassinolide, together with iron and zinc, promotes rice yield.

[0017] The invention adjusts the ratio of the base application compound fertilizer formula according to the fact that late rice has a longer growth period than early rice, has relatively less rainfall, and has higher demands for nitrogen and potassium.

[0018] The base compound fertilizer for early rice preferably comprises the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3.2-3.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 32 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 16-18 parts of potassium chloride, 1-1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 11-12 parts of chelated trace elements and 4-4.2 parts of granulation aids.

[0019] The base compound fertilizer for late rice preferably comprises the following components by weight: 31-32 parts of urea formaldehyde, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 23-25 ​​parts of potassium chloride, 1-1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 11-12 parts of chelated trace elements and 5-6 parts of granulation aids.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention utilizes slow-release compound fertilizer to inhibit nitrogen reduction, adds multiple nutrient elements to synergistically enhance efficiency, combines foliar fertilizer spraying during the critical period, adopts a combination of multi-element growth regulators, and cooperates with deep fertilizer application to enhance the slow-release effect of fertilizer.

[0022] 2. The compound fertilizer formula of the present invention provides monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen sources required in the early seedling stage. With the extension of the rice growth period and the rise in temperature, the release of nitrogen in urea formaldehyde gradually increases, meeting the nitrogen demand of rice throughout the growth period, without topdressing. The formula of the present invention significantly increases crop yield, improves nitrogen utilization, and increases the nitrogen content of rice while reducing nitrogen application; at the same time, under the synergistic antagonism of divalent metal cations, it can effectively reduce the accumulation of cadmium in the aboveground part of rice, especially in rice, and block the entry of heavy metal cadmium into the food chain to avoid causing ecological pollution. The method of the present invention integrates water and fertilizer integration, does not apply soil remediation agents separately, reduces labor costs, and is suitable for reducing fertilizer efficiency and increasing efficiency in southern double-season rice areas and producing high-quality rice.

[0023] 3. The present invention formulates targeted formulas according to the water and fertilizer requirements of early and late rice, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing weight while maintaining rice yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a yield analysis chart of rice taken at the maturity stage of Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a yield analysis chart of rice taken at the maturity stage of Example 2.

[0026] Figure 3 This is the cadmium content analysis chart of rice taken at the maturity stage in Example 2.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a yield analysis chart of rice taken at the maturity stage of Example 3.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the rice plant height analysis diagram of Example 4.

[0029] Figure 6 This is the rice biomass analysis diagram of Example 4.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a yield analysis chart of rice taken at the maturity stage of Example 5.

[0031] Figure 8 This is an analysis chart of the number of ears per plant of rice taken at the maturity stage of Example 5.

[0032] Fig. 9 This is an analysis chart of nitrogen accumulation in rice grains taken at the maturity stage of Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to more clearly and in detail illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below through relevant embodiments. The following embodiments are only for specific explanation of the implementation method of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Field experiments were conducted in southern China to study the effects of compound fertilizers with different formulations on reducing nitrogen and increasing yields of double-season rice. The soil used in this example was paddy soil developed from Quaternary loam, and its basic physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0036]

[0037] The fertilization method of this embodiment is to divide the field into 5m*6m small areas (30m 2 ), according to the experimental design, 11 treatments were set up, the detailed treatments are as follows, and each treatment was repeated 3 times; after the soil was mixed, the three-leaf and one-heart rice seedlings (early rice: Zhongzao 39; late rice: Shenyou 5620) were inserted into the plot, the early rice seedling density was about 16,000 plants / mu, and the late rice seedling density was about 13,000 plants / mu; the tillage method was rotary tillage, and compound fertilizer was applied according to the fertilizer amount of 6kg / mu-9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer. After fertilization, water was cultivated to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, and the above fertilizer was buried 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer. (2017)

[0038] The NPK formula of the base fertilizer is calculated by weight: 37-39 parts of urea, 2-7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18-21 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 16-20 parts of potassium chloride and 7-8 parts of granulation aid.

[0039] The experiment of this embodiment sets the following 11 treatments:

[0040] T1(NPK): NPK formula fertilizer treatment, early rice formula fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20:10:10) 40kg / mu, 7-10 days later (greening period) 5.0kg / mu urea topdressing; late rice formula fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2O=20:8:12) apply 50kg / mu, and after 7-10 days (greening period), apply 5.0kg / mu of urea.

[0041] T2 (NPKSi): NPK formula fertilizer + Si treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of chelated sodium silicate 20.0kg / mu (SiO 2 ≥20%)

[0042] T3 (NPKCa): NPK formula fertilizer + Ca treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and quicklime 30.0kg / mu (CaO ≥ 50%) is applied as base

[0043] T4 (NPKMg): NPK formula fertilizer + Mg treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-Mg 15.0kg / mu

[0044] T5 (NPKFe): NPK formula fertilizer + Fe treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-Fe 6.0kg / mu

[0045] T6 (NPKMn): NPK formula fertilizer + Mn treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-Mn 3.0kg / mu T7 (NPKCu): NPK formula fertilizer + Cu treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-Cu 2.0kg / mu

[0046] T8 (NPKZn): NPK formula fertilizer + Zn treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-Zn 2.0kg / mu

[0047] T9(NPKB): NPK formula fertilizer + B treatment, NPK nutrients are the same as treatment 1, basal application of GLDA-B 1.0kg / mu

[0048] T10(NPKMo): NPK formula fertilizer + Mo treatment, NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal application GLDA-Mo 20kg / mu T11(CK): No fertilizer treatment

[0049] The above-ground part of rice was taken at maturity stage for yield parameter analysis.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (T1), the rice yield per mu in the zinc fertilizer treatment (T8) in the early rice season increased by 11.4% (P<0.05), while the rice yield in the no-fertilizer treatment decreased by 36% (P<0.05); the rice yield per mu in the magnesium, iron, and manganese treatments (T4, T5, and T6) in the late rice season increased by 17-19% (P<0.05), while the rice yield in the no-fertilizer treatment decreased by 43% (P<0.05).

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The experiment was conducted in the field in the southern region. Based on the chelated trace elements screened in Example 1, the effects of different amounts of trace elements on reducing nitrogen production and increasing yield of double-season rice and reducing cadmium accumulation in rice were further studied. The soil selected in this example was paddy soil developed from Quaternary loam, and its basic physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0053]

[0054] The fertilization method of this embodiment is to divide the field into 5m*6m small areas (30m 2 ), according to the experimental design, 15 treatments were set up, the detailed treatments are as follows, and each treatment was repeated 3 times; after the soil was mixed, the three-leaf and one-heart rice seedlings (early rice: Zhongzao 39; late rice: Wuyou 308) were inserted into the plot, the early rice seedling density was about 16,000 plants / mu, and the late rice seedling density was about 12,000 plants / mu; the tillage method was rotary tillage, and compound fertilizer was applied according to the fertilizer amount of 6kg / mu-9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer. After fertilization, water was cultivated to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, and the above fertilizer was buried 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer. (2018)

[0055] The NPK formula of the basal fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1.

[0056] The experiment of this embodiment is provided with the following 15 treatments:

[0057] CK(NPK): NPK formula fertilizer treatment, early rice formula fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20:10:10) 40kg / mu, 7-10 days later topdressing urea 5.0kg / mu; late rice formula fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20:8:12) apply 50kg / mu, and apply urea 5.0kg / mu after 7-10 days.

[0058] T1 (NPK+Mn1): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Mn is applied as 0.5kg / mu

[0059] T2 (NPK+Mn2): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Mn 1.0kg / mu is applied as base fertilizer

[0060] T3 (NPK+Mn3): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Mn is 2.0kg / mu as the base fertilizer

[0061] T4 (NPK+Fe1): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Fe is applied as 0.6kg / mu

[0062] T5 (NPK+Fe2): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Fe is applied as basal fertilizer 1.2kg / mu

[0063] T6 (NPK+Fe3): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Fe is 2.4kg / mu as basal fertilizer

[0064] T7 (NPK+Mg1): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Mg is applied as 0.5kg / mu

[0065] T8 (NPK+Mg2): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal Mg 1.0kg / mu

[0066] T9 (NPK+Mg3): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Mg is applied as basal fertilizer 1.5kg / mu

[0067] T10 (NPK+Mg4): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, basal Mg is 3.0kg / mu

[0068] T11 (NPK+Zn1): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Zn is applied as 0.4kg / mu

[0069] T12 (NPK+Zn2): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Zn is applied as 0.8kg / mu

[0070] T13 (NPK+Zn3): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Zn is 1.6kg / mu as basal fertilizer

[0071] T14 (NPK+Zn4): NPK nutrient is the same as treatment 1, and Zn is 3.2kg / mu as the base fertilizer

[0072] The above-ground part of rice was collected at the maturity stage for analysis of yield and cadmium content.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the early rice season was affected by rice blast, and the overall rice yield was low. The conventional fertilization treatment had a rice yield of 234 kg / mu. Compared with CK, the rice yield of all treatments increased to varying degrees; the T13 treatment had the largest increase (21%, P<0.05), followed by T9 (12%, P<0.05); T8 had a better yield increase effect in the manganese treatment (8%), and T4 increased by 7% in the iron treatment. The late rice CK treatment had a rice yield of 516 kg / mu, T1 and T3 increased by 4.1-4.7% in the manganese treatment, T4 and T6 increased by 2.1-2.5% in the iron treatment, T7 and T8 increased by 5.1-6.1% in the magnesium treatment, and T11 increased by 6.6%.

[0074] Figure 3As shown, manganese, iron and zinc treatments in the early rice season steadily reduced the cadmium content in rice, and the control effect increased with the increase in the application of divalent metal cations. Compared with CK, the T3 treatment decreased by 35% (P<0.05); T3 and T13 treatments decreased by 15.8% and 14.7% respectively (P<0.05). In the late rice season, compared with CK, manganese and zinc treatments significantly reduced the cadmium content in rice, among which the cadmium content in rice under T2 and T3 treatments decreased by 42% and 50% (P<0.05); the cadmium content in rice under T13 and T14 treatments decreased by 51% and 58% (P<0.05); in addition, T6 decreased cadmium by 7%, and T10 decreased cadmium by 16%.

[0075] It can be seen that the addition of nutrients has a certain positive effect on rice resistance to diseases, increasing yield and preventing cadmium accumulation in rice.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] Field experiments were conducted in southern China to study the effects of compound fertilizers with different formulations on reducing nitrogen and increasing yields of double-season rice. The soil used in this example was paddy soil developed from Quaternary loam, and its basic physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0078]

[0079] The fertilization method of this embodiment is to divide the field into 5m*6m small areas (30m 2 ), according to the experimental design, three treatments were set up, the detailed treatments are as follows, and each treatment was repeated 3 times; after the soil was mixed, the three-leaf and one-heart rice seedlings (early rice: Zhongzao 39; late rice: Shenyou 5620) were inserted into the plot, the early rice seedling density was about 15,000 plants / mu, and the late rice seedling density was about 12,000 plants / mu; the tillage method was rotary tillage, and compound fertilizer was applied according to the fertilizer amount of 6kg / mu-9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer. After fertilization, water was cultivated to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, and the above fertilizer was buried 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer. (2019)

[0080] The NPK formula of the base fertilizer for conventional fertilization is the same as that in Example 1, and the PK formula omits urea on the basis of NPK.

[0081] The experiment of this embodiment is provided with the following 3 treatments:

[0082] T1: NPK conventional fertilization; early rice basal application of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20-10-10) 40kg / mu, 7-10 days later, topdress with urea 5.0kg / mu; late rice base fertilizer compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2O=20-8-12) 50.0kg / mu, 7-10 days later, topdress 5.0kg / mu of urea T2: PK + urea formaldehyde; early rice basal fertilizer 40kg / mu, 7-10 days later, topdress 5.0kg / mu of urea;

[0083] T3: NPK+inhibitor / loss control agent; conventional fertilization + base application of inhibitor / loss control agent 1.0kg / mu, no topdressing during the green period.

[0084] Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the rice yield per mu in the early rice season was 368 kg / mu under conventional fertilization. Compared with T1, the rice yield of all treatments increased to varying degrees; the rice yield per mu in T2 treatment was 391 kg / mu, an increase of 11%; the yield per mu in T3 treatment was 384 kg / mu, an increase of 4.5%; the yield per mu in T2 and T3 treatments in the late rice season increased by 7.4% and 9.2%; it can be seen that the application of urea formaldehyde and nitrogen fertilizer loss control agent / inhibitor can promote rice growth to a certain extent.

[0085] The urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor of the present invention adopt conventional raw materials such as hydroquinone and dicyandiamide.

[0086] Example 4

[0087] Soil from the southern region was used to conduct indoor rice seedling cultivation experiments to study the effects of different foliar application agents on rice growth. The soil used in this example was paddy soil developed from Quaternary loam, and its basic physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0088]

[0089] The present invention uses indoor rice seedling cultivation experiments, and the experiment found that the foliar application of magnesium and manganese elements is less effective than iron and zinc. Therefore, this embodiment uses iron and zinc with different foliar application agents for further screening experiments.

[0090] Fertilization method: According to the experimental design, 11 treatments were set up, and a separate container (d = 10 cm, h = 20 cm) was placed in each treatment room. The detailed treatments are as follows, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the soil was mixed, the two-leaf and one-heart test rice seedlings (early rice: Zhuliangyou 39) were moved into the culture box, and 5 seedlings were planted in each box. The following foliar fertilizers (2.0 mL / pot) were sprayed respectively, once every 15 days, and the plant height and biomass were tested after 30 days of cultivation.

[0091] The experiment of this embodiment sets the following 11 treatments:

[0092] CK: no fertilizer treatment, no fertilizer applied;

[0093] T1: 100uM paclobutrazol was sprayed on the leaves;

[0094] T2: foliar spray of 100uM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid;

[0095] T3: foliar spray of 100uM 1-naphthylacetic acid;

[0096] T4: foliar spray of 100uM L-proline;

[0097] T5: foliar spray of 100uM indole-3-butyric acid;

[0098] T6: 100uM chlormequat was sprayed on the leaves;

[0099] T7: foliar spraying of 100uM gibberellin A3;

[0100] T8: foliar spraying of 100uM brassinolide;

[0101] T9: foliar spray of 100uM salicylic acid;

[0102] T10: foliar spray of 100uM GLDA-Fe / Zn;

[0103] Figure 5 The results showed that compared with CK, the rice plant height increased the most under T7 treatment, increasing by 104% (P<0.05). Figure 6 As shown, under T10 treatment, rice biomass increased by 87% (P<0.05), followed by T8 and T7 treatments, which increased by 78% (P<0.05) and 65% (P<0.05), respectively.

[0104] Gibberellic acid is a typical growth agent that can promote the growth of crops. In the experiment, from the ratio of plant height to biomass, the excessive plant height of gibberellins can easily cause the rice seedlings to fall over, which is not conducive to the stable yield of rice. The present invention comprehensively considers the functions of salicylic acid and brassinolide itself in promoting the growth of plant nutrients, as well as the disease resistance of salicylic acid, the effect of brassinolide in promoting fertilization, and the potential for increasing yield, and selects the two as a combination agent for foliar spraying. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer formula is an aqueous solution containing 100 μM chelated iron, 1 μM chelated zinc, 20 μM salicylic acid and 20 μM brassinolide.

[0105] Example 5

[0106] Field experiments were conducted in southern China to study the effects of compound fertilizers with different formulations on reducing nitrogen and increasing yields of double-season rice. The soil used in this example was paddy soil developed from Quaternary loam, and its basic physical and chemical properties are shown in the following table.

[0107]

[0108] The fertilization method of this embodiment is to divide the field into 5m*6m small areas (30m2 ), according to the experimental design, 5 treatments were set up, the detailed treatments are as follows, and each treatment was repeated 3 times; after the soil was mixed, the three-leaf and one-heart rice seedlings (early rice: Zhuliangyou 39; late rice: Wuyou 308) were inserted into the plot, the early rice planting density was about 15,000 plants / mu, and the late rice seedling density was about 12,000 plants / mu; the tillage method was rotary tillage, and compound fertilizer was applied according to the fertilizer amount of 6kg / mu-9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer. After fertilization, water was cultivated to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, and the above fertilizer was buried 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer. (2019)

[0109] The NPK formula of the base fertilizer for conventional fertilization is the same as that in Example 1, and the PK formula omits urea on the basis of NPK.

[0110] The experiment of this embodiment is provided with the following 5 treatments:

[0111] T1: CK without fertilizer;

[0112] T2: NPK conventional fertilization; early rice basal application of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20-10-10) 40kg / mu, 7-10 days later, topdress with urea 5.0kg / mu; late rice base fertilizer compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=20-8-12) 50.0kg / mu, 7-10 days later, topdress with urea 5.0kg / mu

[0113] T3: NPK+Mg+Fe+Mn+Zn; conventional fertilization + base fertilization of Mg 0.5kg / mu + Fe 2.4kg / mu + Mn 0.5kg / mu + Zn 1.6kg / mu, no topdressing during the green period.

[0114] T4: PK+Mg+Fe+Mn+Zn+urea formaldehyde+nitrogen fertilizer combined inhibitor; early rice basal compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-14-10)50kg / mu, late rice basal application of compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=16-8-14)50kg / mu, no top dressing during the green period.

[0115] T5: PK+Mg+Fe+Mn+Zn+urea formaldehyde+nitrogen fertilizer combination inhibitor+foliar spraying; on the basis of T4, foliar fertilizer is sprayed once during the rice tillering stage and the grain filling stage respectively.

[0116] The foliar fertilizer formula of T5 is an aqueous solution containing 100uM chelated iron, 1μM chelated zinc, 20μM salicylic acid and 20μM brassinolide.

[0117] Among them, the formula of T4 base fertilizer is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Preparation of T4 compound fertilizer:

[0120] A. Ammonium sulfate is mixed with monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, chelated trace elements, attapulgite, and sepiolite according to the formula amount, crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and premixed and cooled to obtain premix A powder;

[0121] Then, the inhibitor, loss control agent and red mud are crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve, mixed and cooled to obtain premix B powder;

[0122] B. Place urea formaldehyde powder in a granulator, add premix A and B powder, granulate, dry at 90°C for 2-3 hours, control the moisture to 5%, cool and sieve to obtain the finished product.

[0123] The experimental results are as follows Figure 7 As shown, compared with T2 CK treatment, T4 in early rice season increased yield by 11%, and T5 treatment increased yield by 18% (P<0.05); in late rice season, T4 and T5 treatments increased yield by 18% and 25% (P<0.05). In addition, in terms of the number of rice panicles, under T4 and T5 treatments, the number of panicles per plant in early rice season increased by 12% and 22% (P<0.05); in late rice season, the number of panicles per plant increased by 8.5% and 11% (P<0.05). Figure 8 ). At the same time, the nitrogen accumulation in the grains also increased to varying degrees under the T4 and T5 treatments ( Fig. 9 ), increased by 2.6% and 6.7% in the early rice season, and increased by 7.44% and 11.6% in the late rice season (P<0.05).

[0124] It can be seen that under the T5 fertilization mode, by fertilizing once and spraying high-efficiency foliar fertilizer in the key growth period, the nitrogen fertilizer reduction can be achieved by 20%; the double-season early rice yield increased by 18%, and the late rice yield increased by 25%; the number of rice ears per rice plant was increased, the early rice increased by 25%, and the late rice increased by 11%; the grain nitrogen accumulation was increased (11%), and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was improved. At the same time, under the synergistic antagonism of divalent cations, the cadmium content of rice can be effectively reduced (Example 2), which has guiding significance for the reduction and efficiency of fertilizers in the southern double-season rice area and the high-quality production of rice.

[0125] Example 6

[0126] An efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south, comprising: applying compound fertilizer at a basal rate of 6 kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer, cultivating with water after fertilization to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, burying the fertilizer 2-5 cm deep into the tillage layer, and not requiring topdressing during the greening period; and applying foliar fertilizer once during the tillering period and the filling period of the rice.

[0127] The compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of inhibitor, 0.5 parts of loss control agent, 10 parts of chelated trace elements and 3 parts of granulation aid.

[0128] Example 7

[0129] An efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south, comprising: applying compound fertilizer at a basal rate of 9 kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer, cultivating with water after fertilization to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, burying the fertilizer 2-5 cm deep into the tillage layer, and not requiring topdressing during the greening period; and applying foliar fertilizer once during the tillering period and the filling period of the rice.

[0130] The compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 35 parts of urea formaldehyde, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 35 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of inhibitor, 1.5 parts of loss control agent, 15 parts of chelated trace elements and 6 parts of granulation aid.

[0131] The inhibitors are urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, and the weight ratio is 2:3.

[0132] The loss control agent is polyacrylamide and ferric chloride, and the weight ratio is 3:2.

[0133] The chelated trace elements are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of chelated magnesium, 2.5 parts of chelated iron, 1.5 parts of chelated manganese and 3 parts of chelated zinc.

[0134] The chelating agent for the trace elements in the chelation is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate.

[0135] Example 8

[0136] An efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south, comprising: applying compound fertilizer once as a base fertilizer according to the application amount of 7 kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer, cultivating with water after fertilization to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, burying the fertilizer 2-5 cm deep into the tillage layer, and not requiring topdressing during the greening period; and applying foliar fertilizer once during the tillering period and the filling period of the rice;

[0137] The compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 32 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 1.5 parts of inhibitor, 1 part of loss control agent, 12 parts of chelated trace elements and 5 parts of granulation aid.

[0138] The inhibitors are urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, and the weight ratio is 2:3.

[0139] The loss control agent is polyacrylamide and ferric chloride, and the weight ratio is 3:2.

[0140] The chelated trace elements are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of chelated magnesium, 1 part of chelated iron, 0.5 parts of chelated manganese and 1.5 parts of chelated zinc.

[0141] The chelating agent for the trace elements in the chelation is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate.

[0142] The granulation aids are attapulgite, sepiolite and red mud, and the weight ratio is 1:1:2.

[0143] The foliar fertilizer is an aqueous solution containing 100 μM chelated iron, 1 μM chelated zinc, 20 μM salicylic acid and 20 μM brassinolide.

[0144] Example 9

[0145] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 7:

[0146] The base compound fertilizer used for early rice includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3.2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 32 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 16 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of inhibitor, 1 part of loss control agent, 11 parts of chelated trace elements and 4 parts of granulation aid.

[0147] The base compound fertilizer for late rice includes the following components by weight: 32 parts of urea formaldehyde, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 12 parts of chelated trace elements and 6 parts of granulation aids.

[0148] Example 10

[0149] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 7:

[0150] The base compound fertilizer used for early rice includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3.3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 32 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 17 parts of potassium chloride, 1.2 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 11.5 parts of chelated trace elements and 4.1 parts of granulation aids.

[0151] The base compound fertilizer for late rice includes the following components by weight: 31.5 parts of urea formaldehyde, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 19 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 24 parts of potassium chloride, 1.2 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 11.2 parts of chelated trace elements and 5.5 parts of granulation aids.

[0152] Embodiment 11

[0153] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 7:

[0154] The base compound fertilizer used for early rice includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 32 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 18 parts of potassium chloride, 1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 12 parts of chelated trace elements and 4.2 parts of granulation aids.

[0155] The base compound fertilizer for late rice includes the following components by weight: 31 parts of urea formaldehyde, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 23 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of inhibitor, 1 part of loss control agent, 11 parts of chelated trace elements and 5 parts of granulation aid.

[0156] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in the south, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is applied as a base at a rate of 6kg / mu to 9kg / mu of pure nitrogen in the compound fertilizer, and after fertilization, tillage is carried out with water to fully mix the compound fertilizer with the soil, and the fertilizer is buried 2-5cm deep into the tillage layer, and no topdressing is required during the greening period; foliar fertilizer is applied once during the tillering period and the filling period of rice respectively; the compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 30-35 parts of urea formaldehyde, 2-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15-35 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-25 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of inhibitor, 0.5-1.5 parts of loss control agent, 10-15 parts of chelated trace elements and 3-6 parts of granulation aid.

2. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inhibitors are urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, and the weight ratio is 2:

3.

3. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loss control agent is polyacrylamide and ferric chloride, and the weight ratio is 3:

2.

4. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chelated trace elements are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of chelated magnesium, 1-2.5 parts of chelated iron, 0.5-1.5 parts of chelated manganese and 1.5-3 parts of chelated zinc.

5. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chelating agent for the trace elements in the chelation is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate.

6. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granulation aids are attapulgite, sepiolite and red mud, and the weight ratio is 1:1:

2.

7. The efficient fertilization method suitable for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer is an aqueous solution containing 100 μM chelated iron, 1 μM chelated zinc, 20 μM salicylic acid and 20 μM brassinolide.

8. The fertilization method of the multi-element compound fertilizer for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base compound fertilizer for early rice includes the following components by weight: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde, 3.2-3.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 32 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 16-18 parts of potassium chloride, 1-1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agent, 11-12 parts of chelated trace elements and 4-4.2 parts of granulation aids.

9. The fertilization method of multi-element compound fertilizer for double-season rice in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer for basal application of late rice includes the following components by weight: 31-32 parts of urea formaldehyde, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 23-25 ​​parts of potassium chloride, 1-1.5 parts of inhibitors, 1 part of loss control agents, 11-12 parts of chelated trace elements and 5-6 parts of granulation aids.

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