Light-temperature efficient organic sunlight greenhouse based on soil heat storage

Abstract

A light-temperature efficient mechanical sunlight greenhouse based on soil heat storage relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation and comprises a rear wall, a gable wall, a front roof and a cultivation bed, a heat storage slope is arranged between the front end of the front roof and the cultivation bed, and a plurality of cultivation flat beds with gradually increased heights are arranged on the cultivation bed side by side in a ladder shape from front to back. Cultivation shallow ditches are formed in the cultivation flat furrows. The problems that in the prior art, a non-cob wall sunlight greenhouse is low in sunlight energy utilization efficiency and insufficient in heat storage, and the requirement for maintaining the proper temperature of the greenhouse cannot be met completely through soil heat storage are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and in particular to a light-temperature efficient and mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage. Background Art

[0002] At present, the walls of ordinary energy-saving solar greenhouses with good thermal insulation are rammed earth structures. Solar greenhouses with rammed earth walls have strong heat storage capacity, which can prevent the temperature of the solar greenhouse from rising too quickly or too high during sunny days. At night in winter, the temperature in the solar greenhouse drops quickly, and the heat in the inner layer of the wall will be released into the air in the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the greenhouse will not be too low. The thickness of the rammed earth wall is generally 5 to 7 meters, and the wall occupies a large area of ​​land, resulting in a low land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse. In order to improve land utilization, it has become a development direction to use thermal insulation materials instead of rammed earth to design and build thin-wall solar greenhouses.

[0003] In order to improve the heat storage problem of solar greenhouses without thick earth walls, people began to build thin-wall solar greenhouses by combining thermal insulation materials and phase change materials. However, the heat capacity of the current mainstream phase change materials is still insufficient compared to the heat demand of the greenhouse. In extreme weather conditions such as severe winter regions or continuous cloudy days, it still cannot meet the greenhouse's need to maintain a suitable temperature.

[0004] The prior art discloses a patent with the announcement number CN119183838A, which discloses a mechanized vegetable cultivation solar greenhouse, including a sunken cultivation bed, a front roof and a rear wall, the top of the rear wall is inclined with a rear slope, the cultivation bed is provided with a cultivation ridge along the east-west direction, and a hanging wire is provided directly above the cultivation ridge; the angle A between the virtual line between the upper edge of the rear slope and the upper edge of the front elevation of the cultivation bed and the ground plane is -10.5°, the geographical latitude of the greenhouse. The east-west cultivation ridges in the traditional technology are solved, which will cause uneven light distribution within and between ridges due to the canopy shielding, uneven light distribution on the leaves of the plants on the north and south sides of the same ridge, and weaker light intensity on the north side than on the south side; and uneven light distribution between different ridges, and weaker light intensity on the north side ridge.

[0005] The existing technologies including the above patents have gradually exposed their shortcomings as they are used, mainly in the following aspects: First, the walls made of thermal insulation materials replace the walls of rammed earth structures. Due to the poor heat storage capacity of thermal insulation materials, the walls made of thermal insulation materials lose their heat storage function. The heat storage of the solar greenhouse is completely borne by the soil of the cultivation beds. However, the existing facility technology cannot fully utilize the heat storage potential of the soil of the cultivation beds, and the heat demand of the greenhouse is insufficient.

[0006] Second, in order to coordinate the mechanized production of the solar greenhouse, the cultivation in the solar greenhouse was changed from the traditional north-south direction to the east-west direction. When the east-west direction was adopted, the soil surface of the cultivation bed could not fully receive light due to the obstruction between the canopies, which further affected the heat storage of the cultivation bed.

[0007] Third, in order to enable the soil surface of the cultivation bed to fully receive light and achieve a good heat storage effect, the existing technology usually requires a larger area to set up the soil heat storage surface, such as using cultivation beds and expanding the row spacing of single cultivation rows, resulting in too small cultivation density, which seriously affects the land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse.

[0008] Fourth, in order to increase the heat storage and insulation capacity of non-earth wall solar greenhouses, the existing technology usually adds supporting heat storage facilities, such as setting up earth piles along the inner side of the back wall as heat storage bodies, but the heat storage bodies need to occupy a certain area of ​​land, which also reduces the land utilization rate of the solar greenhouse.

[0009] In summary, the prior art obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a light-temperature efficient and mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage, which is used to solve the problems of low solar energy utilization efficiency and insufficient heat storage in non-earth wall solar greenhouses in traditional technologies, and the inability to completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the greenhouse's maintenance of a suitable temperature.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage comprises a rear wall, a gable, a front roof and a cultivation bed. A heat storage slope is provided between the front end of the front roof and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation beds with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder shape from front to back, and shallow cultivation trenches are provided on the cultivation beds.

[0012] As an optimized solution, the rear wall includes an inclined support frame, with rear columns and front columns on both sides of the support frame respectively, the top end of the support frame is connected to the top end of the front column, and the bottom end of the support frame is connected to the bottom end of the rear column.

[0013] As an optimized solution, a top operating platform is connected between the top ends of the front columns and the top ends of the rear columns.

[0014] As an optimized solution, a thermal insulation blanket is provided on the back of the support frame, and a polystyrene foam board and a reflective curtain are provided in sequence on the front of the support frame.

[0015] As an optimized solution, the gable comprises a supporting frame, and polystyrene foam boards are respectively provided on both sides of the supporting frame.

[0016] As an optimized solution, the digging depth h1 of the cultivation bed close to the heat storage slope, the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation beds, and the relationship with the greenhouse height H are: h1=0.044×H / tan (latitude -10.5°) -0.022; h2=[0.088×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.044] / (N-1).

[0017] As an optimized solution, the cultivation shallow ditch has a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.1 m.

[0018] As an optimized solution, a slope channel is provided on the inner side of the gable as a mechanical operation channel.

[0019] As an optimized solution, the angle A between the virtual line between the top of the front column and the bottom edge of the front end of the front roof and the ground plane is -10.5° at the latitude.

[0020] As an optimized solution, the distance s between the rear column and the front column is related to the height H of the greenhouse as follows: s≤H / tan(100.5°-latitude); The relationship between greenhouse width L and greenhouse height H is: L=H / tan(latitude -10.5°)+s.

[0021] As an optimized solution, the top edge of one side of the shallow cultivation ditch close to the front column is on the same plane as the front column.

[0022] As an optimized solution, the relationship between the number of cultivation beds N and the height of the greenhouse H is: H=[1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)+0.044+0.5×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)-0.022×tan(latitude -10.5°)] / [tan(66.5°-latitude)+0.044].

[0023] As an optimized solution, the top of the heat storage slope is connected to the front end of the front roof, and the edge of the cultivation shallow ditch close to the heat storage slope is connected to the bottom of the heat storage slope. The width L1 of the heat storage slope is related to the greenhouse height H as follows: L1=[0.044×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.022] / sin(66.5°-latitude).

[0024] As an optimized solution, the vertical distance s1 between adjacent shallow cultivation trenches is: [1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.088×H+0.044] / [(N-1)×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)]+0.5.

[0025] As an optimized solution, the thickness of the polystyrene foam board is 10 to 12 cm; the reflective screen includes a silver-white aluminum-plated polyester film, and the thermal insulation quilt includes a rainproof thermal insulation quilt.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention effectively improves the problem of light blocking between canopies caused by changing the north-south rows of mechanized cultivation in solar greenhouses to east-west rows. The light distribution and light intensity within and between rows tend to be uniform, and the light energy utilization efficiency is high. Compared with the traditional non-soil wall mechanized solar greenhouse, the indoor light intensity is increased by 23.5 percentage points; (2) The greenhouse of the present invention can completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the greenhouse's need to maintain a suitable temperature, and its heat storage and thermal insulation performance is comparable to that of the existing excavated earth-wall solar greenhouse; the soil in the entire cultivation area of ​​the solar greenhouse serves as a heat storage body, and the surface of the soil in the cultivation bed receives sufficient light, which is 44.7 percentage points higher than that of the traditional non-thick earth-wall mechanized solar greenhouse, ensuring that the soil in the cultivation bed has sufficient heat storage; the heat storage and thermal insulation performance of the greenhouse is represented by the lowest temperature at night. When the outdoor temperature is -15.5℃ to -14.8℃, the lowest temperature of the greenhouse of the present invention is 13.3℃ to 13.5℃, which is 2.9℃ to 3.1℃ higher than that of the traditional non-thick earth-wall mechanized solar greenhouse; (3) The present invention solves the problem of low cultivation density and low land utilization rate in existing mechanized cultivation solar greenhouses; without reducing the heat storage area of ​​the cultivation bed, the present invention realizes the transformation of the cultivation bed from single-row cultivation to double-row cultivation, optimizes the planting space layout, and maximizes the relative utilization rate of the soil; (4) The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in realizing mechanized operation when the solar greenhouse adopts east-west cultivation. By innovating the ladder-shaped cultivation bed and the slope-shaped mechanical operation channel, the slope of the slope channel is 5°, which ensures the smooth driving and turning of the agricultural machinery and meets the mechanical passage and operation needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rear wall of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gable of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a parameter schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1-rear wall; 2-front roof; 3-top operating table; 4-front column; 5-rear column; 6-cultivation flat bed; 7-cultivation shallow ditch; 8-support frame; 9-polystyrene foam board; 10-insulation blanket; 11-reflective curtain; 12-heat storage slope; 13-gable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment 1, like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage includes a rear wall 1, a gable 13, a front roof 2 and a cultivation bed. A heat storage slope 12 is provided between the front end of the front roof 2 and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation beds 6 with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder shape from front to back, and shallow cultivation trenches 7 are provided on the cultivation beds 6.

[0032] The width of the shallow cultivation trench 7 is 0.5 m and the depth is 0.1 m.

[0033] The rear wall 1 includes an inclined support frame 8, with rear columns 5 and front columns 4 provided on both sides of the support frame 8 respectively. The top end of the support frame 8 is connected to the top end of the front column 4, and the bottom end of the support frame 8 is connected to the bottom end of the rear column 5.

[0034] A top operating platform 3 is connected between the top ends of the front columns 4 and the rear columns 5 .

[0035] A heat preservation blanket 10 is arranged on the back of the support frame 8, and a polystyrene foam board 9 and a reflective curtain 11 are arranged in sequence on the front of the support frame 8.

[0036] The gable 13 includes a supporting frame 8 , and polystyrene foam boards 9 are respectively provided on both sides of the supporting frame 8 .

[0037] The cultivation beds 6 close to the heat storage slope 12 have a depth h1 of excavation, and the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation beds 6 have a relationship with the greenhouse height H as follows: h1=0.044×H / tan (latitude -10.5°) -0.022; h2=[0.088×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.044] / (N-1).

[0038] A slope passage is arranged on the inner side of the gable 13 as a mechanical operation passage, and the width of the slope passage is 1.2-1.5 m and the slope is 5°.

[0039] The angle A between the virtual line between the top end of the front column 4 and the bottom edge of the front end of the front roof 2 and the ground plane is -10.5° at the latitude.

[0040] The distance s between the rear column 5 and the front column 4 is related to the height H of the greenhouse as follows: s≤H / tan(100.5°-latitude); The relationship between greenhouse width L and greenhouse height H is: L=H / tan(latitude -10.5°)+s.

[0041] The top edge of one side of the shallow cultivation groove 7 close to the front column 4 is on the same plane as the front column 4 .

[0042] The relationship between the number N of cultivation beds 6 and the height H of the greenhouse is: H=[1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)+0.044+0.5×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)-0.022×tan(latitude -10.5°)] / [tan(66.5°-latitude)+0.044].

[0043] The top of the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the front end of the front roof 2, and the edge of the cultivation shallow groove 7 close to the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the bottom of the heat storage slope 12. The width L1 of the heat storage slope 12 is related to the height H of the greenhouse as follows: L1=[0.044×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.022] / sin(66.5°-latitude).

[0044] The vertical distance s1 between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7 is: [1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.088×H+0.044] / [(N-1)×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)]+0.5.

[0045] The thickness of the polystyrene foam board 9 is 10-12 cm; the reflective screen 11 comprises a silvery white aluminized polyester film, and the thermal insulation blanket 10 comprises a rainproof thermal insulation blanket.

[0046] The thermal conductivity of the rainproof and thermal insulation quilt is 0.03~0.06W / (m·K).

[0047] The units of parameters such as greenhouse height H, cultivation bed 6 digging depth h1, height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation beds 6, vertical distance s1 between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7, width L1 of heat storage slope 12, and greenhouse width L are all in m; N is an integer; "latitude" refers to the geographical latitude of the greenhouse; After determining the above parameters, build a solar greenhouse, set the heat storage slope 12 according to the parameter requirements when digging the southernmost cultivation bed; after the cultivation beds are set up, set mechanical operation channels along the inner side of the gable 13 at the east and west ends of the greenhouse according to the above parameters; set two vine hanging wires directly above each cultivation shallow ditch 7, the distance between the two vine hanging wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow ditch 7, and the vertical distance between the vine hanging wire and the cultivation bed 6 is 1.8m.

[0048] Embodiment 2, A solar greenhouse with an interior length of 200m from east to west is built in accordance with the scheme of Example 1 at a place located at 37° north latitude, including a rear wall 1, a gable 13, columns, a front roof 2, a cultivation bed, a top operating table 3, a mechanical operation channel and a heat storage slope 12. The greenhouse cultivation bed is provided with 6 cultivation beds 6 distributed in a ladder shape, which are respectively: cultivation bed I, cultivation bed II, cultivation bed III, cultivation bed IV, cultivation bed V and cultivation bed VI from south to north. Each cultivation bed 6 is raised one by one from south to north, and a cultivation shallow ditch 7 with a width of 0.5m and a depth of 0.1m is provided in the east-west direction on each cultivation bed 6; the northern edge of the cultivation shallow ditch 7 on the cultivation bed VI is on the same plane as the front column 4; A slope channel is set on the cultivation beds at the east and west ends of the greenhouse as a mechanical operation channel, with a width of 1.3m and a slope of 5°. The connection between the slope channel and each cultivation bed 6 is in an inclined shape; the upper edge of the slope of the heat storage slope 12 is connected to the lower edge of the south end of the front roof 2, and the lower edge of the slope is connected to the south edge of the cultivation shallow ditch 7 on the cultivation bed 1.

[0049] The angle A between the virtual line between the top of the front column 4 and the lower edge of the south end of the front roof 2 and the ground plane is determined according to the geographical latitude: the latitude is -10.5°=26.5°.

[0050] Based on the geographical latitude of 37°, the expected number of 6 cultivation beds and the above-mentioned known parameters, the following parameters are determined.

[0051] Greenhouse height H: H = [1.1 × N × tan (latitude - 10.5°) - 1.1 × tan (latitude - 10.5°) + 0.044 + 0.5 × N × tan (latitude - 10.5°) × tan (66.5° - latitude) - 0.022 × tan (latitude - 10.5°)] / [tan (66.5° - latitude) + 0.044] ≈5.94m.

[0052] The distance s between the rear column 5 and the front column 4 is: s≤H / tan(100.5°-latitude) =5.94 / tan63.5 ≈2.96m, that is, s≤2.96m, Taking into account the land utilization rate and the difficulty of people working on the top operating platform, s is taken as 1.6m.

[0053] Greenhouse width L: L=H / tan(latitude -10.5°)+s≈13.5m.

[0054] Digging depth of cultivation bed I: h1=(0.044×H) / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.022≈0.5m.

[0055] The height difference between two adjacent cultivation beds 6 is: h2=[(0.088×H) / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.044] / (N-1)≈0.2m.

[0056] Heat storage slope 12 slope width L1: L1=[0.044×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.022] / sin(66.5°-latitude) ≈1.02m.

[0057] The vertical distance between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches 7: s1=[(1.1×N)×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.088×H+0.044] / [(N-1)×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)]+0.5≈2.1m.

[0058] According to the above parameters, a solar greenhouse is constructed: the rear wall 1 includes a support frame 8, a polystyrene foam board 9, an insulation blanket 10 and a reflective screen 11. The polystyrene foam board 9 is fixed on the support frame 8. The thickness of the polystyrene foam board 9 is 12 cm. The insulation blanket 10 is fixed on the outside of the polystyrene foam board 9. The reflective screen 11 is fixed on the inside of the polystyrene foam board 9. The upper end of the reflective screen 11 is fixed to the top of the front roof 2, and a layer is provided at the lower end. The reflective screen 11 is made of a silver-white aluminum-plated polyester film, and the aluminum-plated layer faces the cultivation bed during installation. The insulation blanket 10 is a rainproof insulation blanket with a thermal conductivity of 0.05 W / (m·K). The gable 13 is composed of a support frame 8 and two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9. The thickness of the two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9 is 12 cm respectively. The two layers of polystyrene foam boards 9 are fixed on the support frame 8. The rear column 5 and the front column 4 are installed according to the column spacing requirements. The support frame 8 of the rear wall 1 is set between the rear column 5 and the front column 4. The upper end of the support frame 8 is connected to the top of the front column 4, and the lower end of the support frame 8 is connected to the bottom of the rear column 5. The highest point of the rear column 5 and the front column 4 is the same as the highest point of the front roof 2, that is, the height of the above-ground part of the column is the same as the height H of the greenhouse. The cultivation bed is arranged in a ladder shape, the soil on the south side of the greenhouse is first excavated, and the ground on the north side of the greenhouse is symmetrically raised by using the excavated soil, and then the cultivation bed 6 is arranged along the east-west direction; the cultivation shallow ditch 7 is arranged on the cultivation bed 6, and the cultivation bed 6 and the cultivation shallow ditch 7 meet the above-mentioned parameter requirements; when digging the cultivation bed 1, a heat storage slope 12 is reserved and arranged according to the parameter requirements; after the cultivation bed is arranged, a mechanical operation channel is arranged along the inner side of the gable 13 at the east and west ends of the greenhouse according to the above-mentioned parameters; two vine hanging steel wires are arranged directly above each cultivation shallow ditch 7, and the distance between the two vine hanging steel wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow ditch 7, and the vertical distance between the vine hanging steel wire and the cultivation bed 6 is 1.8m. The top operating table 3 is arranged on the top of the rear column 5 and the front column 4, and is used to place the rolled-up insulation blanket on the front roof and perform other operations. On the premise that there are no pillars in the planting area, the firmness of the greenhouse is increased, and the risk of the front roof collapsing or the frame breaking due to the pressure of the insulation blanket is reduced. The "latitude" refers to the geographical latitude of the greenhouse.

[0059] Comparative Example 1, Build a ground-level solar greenhouse at a location with a latitude of 37° north, which has the same height, width, front roof, rear columns, front columns, and top operation platform as the greenhouse in Example 2. The greenhouse is 200 m long from east to west inside, with a width of 13.5 m and a height of 5.94 m. The distance s between the rear columns and the front columns is 1.6 m. The relationship between the width L of the greenhouse and the height H of the greenhouse meets the requirement of L = H / tan (latitude - 10.5°) + s; the angle A between the virtual connection line between the top of the front column and the bottom of the south end of the front roof of the greenhouse and the ground plane is 26.5°; the rear columns, front columns, and support skeletons are arranged the same as in Example 2; the rear wall, gable wall, and top operation platform are arranged the same as in Example 2; divide 6 cultivation flat ridges on the cultivation bed, arranged in the east-west direction, from south to north are cultivation flat ridge I, cultivation flat ridge II, cultivation flat ridge III, cultivation flat ridge IV, cultivation flat ridge V, and cultivation flat ridge VI. Set a cultivation shallow trench on each cultivation flat ridge. The cultivation shallow trench is 0.5 m wide and 0.1 m deep. The south end of the cultivation shallow trench on cultivation flat ridge I is 0.5 m away from the bottom of the south end of the front roof of the greenhouse. The north side edge of the cultivation shallow trench on cultivation flat ridge VI is in the same vertical plane as the front column. The distance between adjacent cultivation shallow trenches is 2.2 m. Set 2 hanging vine wires directly above each cultivation shallow trench. The distance between the 2 hanging vine wires is the same as the width of the cultivation shallow trench. The vertical distance between the hanging vine wires and the cultivation flat ridge surface is 1.8 m. Set a mechanical operation passage along the inner side of the gable wall at both ends of the greenhouse from east to west. The mechanical operation passage is 1.3 m wide. This solar greenhouse is adjacent to the solar greenhouse shown in Example 2 on the left and right.

[0060] Test Example 1, In December 2023, conduct experiments on measuring the light environment on the soil surface of the cultivation bed and the plant canopy and measuring the lowest indoor air temperature in the solar greenhouses shown in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. Plant tomatoes (transplanted on September 15, 2023) in 2 solar greenhouses. Double-row staggered planting (in a "pin" shape) is carried out along each cultivation shallow trench, and planted on both sides of the shallow trench, 2000 - 2200 plants are planted per 667 m 2 During the 10 days before and after the winter solstice, control the height of the plant growth point by dropping the vines, and control the height of the growth point from the ground of the cultivation shallow trench to be no higher than 1.2 m.

[0061] Light environment measurement: Determine 1 test plant for each cultivation shallow trench from south to north in the middle of the 2 greenhouses. This plant is in the row on the south side of the cultivation shallow trench. Determine 2 test points for each plant, which are: a at the junction of the plant and the ground, b at the growth point of the plant. The light intensity is measured using an ST-80C type portable illuminometer (accuracy: ±3%); measure the light intensity at each monitoring point at 12:00 noon on the winter solstice. The monitoring results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Minimum temperature measurement: Detect the minimum indoor temperature from December 1st to 31st; use RC-5+ temperature recorder (resolution 0.1 degree) to automatically measure and record; the temperature recorder is hung in the middle of each greenhouse along the east-west direction and below the frame 0.5m near the front bottom corner of the greenhouse, and the temperature recorder is 0.5m away from the frame. A temperature recorder is hung at the same height outdoors to monitor the outdoor temperature. At the same time, a temperature recorder is hung at the same position as in Example 2 in a down-cut earth wall solar greenhouse with a height and internal span that is basically the same as Example 2 to monitor the minimum indoor temperature.

[0063] Table 1 Light environment measurement results

[0064] From Table 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground in the greenhouse of Example 2 are consistent, with an average value of 318.6 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b were consistent, with an average value of 320.4μmol / (m 2 ·s), there is no difference in the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground and at the plant growth point. The light intensity distribution of the greenhouse in Example 2 is uniform, and the whole crop can evenly intercept the sunlight. In particular, the heat storage area of ​​the cultivation bed soil is large, the sunlight intercepted by the soil surface is sufficient, and the soil can fully store heat. At the same time, the heat storage slope can also intercept enough sunlight to store heat in the low temperature season, which can maintain the stability of the ground temperature in the front of the greenhouse. The ground temperature from the front to the middle of the greenhouse is basically the same.

[0065] In the greenhouse of comparative example 1, the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground were consistent, with an average value of 176.3 μmol / (m 2 ·s); the light intensity monitoring results at the plant growth point b were consistent, with an average value of 312.7μmol / (m 2 ·s), the light intensity monitoring results at the junction of the plant and the ground and at the plant growth point are significantly different, indicating that there is a canopy shading problem in the greenhouse of Comparative Example 1, and the light intensity distribution is uneven. In particular, the heat storage surface of the soil in the cultivation bed is small, and the solar light intercepted by the soil surface is insufficient, which seriously affects the soil heat storage.

[0066] Example 2 The average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse is 319.5 μmol / (m 2 ·s), the coefficient of variation was 0.5%, and the light intensity was evenly distributed; the average light intensity at each monitoring point in the greenhouse of comparative example 1 was 244.5μmol / (m 2·s), the coefficient of variation is 29.2%, and the light intensity distribution is uneven. The indoor light intensity in Example 2 is increased by 23.5 percentage points. The light intensity variation coefficient in Example 2 is much smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the present invention effectively improves the problem of light blocking between canopies in the solar greenhouse, and the light distribution and light intensity within and between rows tend to be uniform.

[0067] Example 2: In the greenhouse, the average light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground is 318.6 μmol / (m 2 ·s), in the greenhouse of comparative example 1, the average light intensity at the junction of the plant and the ground was 176.3μmol / (m 2 ·s), the amount of light received by the soil surface of the cultivation bed in Example 2 increased by 44.7 percentage points.

[0068] Example 2: In the greenhouse, the average light intensity b at the plant growth point is 320.4 μmol / (m 2 ·s), in the greenhouse of comparative example 1, the average light intensity b at the plant growth point was 312.7 μmol / (m 2 ·s), there is no difference between the two.

[0069] From December 14 to 18, a certain city experienced cold wave weather. On the 18th, the lowest outdoor temperature reached -15.5°C. The lowest temperature in the morning of the greenhouse of the present invention was 13.3°C, while that of the traditional non-thick earth wall greenhouse was 10.2°C, and that of the digging earth wall solar greenhouse was 13.2°C. The present invention was 3.1°C higher than the traditional non-thick earth wall greenhouse, and was equivalent to the digging earth wall solar greenhouse; from December 21 to 23, a certain city experienced continuous low temperature weather. On the 21st, the lowest outdoor temperature reached -14.8°C. The lowest temperature in the morning of the greenhouse of the present invention was 13.5°C, while that of the traditional non-thick earth wall greenhouse was 10.6°C, and that of the digging earth wall solar greenhouse was 13.4°C. The present invention was 2.9°C higher than the traditional non-thick earth wall greenhouse, and was equivalent to the digging earth wall solar greenhouse. From the above two occurrences of cold wave weather, it can be seen that the greenhouse of the present invention can completely rely on soil heat storage to meet the greenhouse's need to maintain a suitable temperature. Without any auxiliary heat storage facilities, the heat storage and thermal insulation performance is equivalent to that of the existing digging earth wall solar greenhouse.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage, comprising a rear wall (1), a gable (13), a front roof (2) and a cultivation bed, characterized in that: A heat storage slope (12) is provided between the front end of the front roof (2) and the cultivation bed. The cultivation bed is provided with a plurality of cultivation beds (6) with increasing heights arranged in parallel in a ladder-like manner from front to back. Shallow cultivation trenches (7) are provided on the cultivation beds (6).

2. A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear wall (1) comprises a support frame (8) arranged obliquely, and rear columns (5) and front columns (4) are respectively arranged on both sides of the support frame (8), the top end of the support frame (8) is connected to the top end of the front column (4), and the bottom end of the support frame (8) is connected to the bottom end of the rear column (5).

3. A light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat preservation blanket (10) is provided on the back of the support frame (8), and a polystyrene foam board (9) and a reflective curtain (11) are provided in sequence on the front of the support frame (8); The gable (13) comprises a supporting frame (8), and polystyrene foam boards (9) are respectively provided on both sides of the supporting frame (8).

4. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation beds (6) close to the heat storage slope (12) are dug down to a depth h1, and the height difference h2 between two adjacent cultivation beds (6) are related to the greenhouse height H as follows: h1=0.044×H / tan (latitude -10.5°) -0.022; h2=[0.088×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.044] / (N-1).

5. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle A between the virtual line between the top end of the front column (4) and the bottom edge of the front end of the front roof (2) and the ground plane is -10.5° at the latitude.

6. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance s between the rear column (5) and the front column (4) is related to the height H of the greenhouse in the following manner: s≤H / tan(100.5°-the latitude); The relationship between greenhouse width L and greenhouse height H is: L=H / tan(latitude -10.5°)+s.

7. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top edge of one side of the shallow cultivation groove (7) close to the front column (4) is on the same plane as the front column (4).

8. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the number N of the cultivation beds (6) and the height H of the greenhouse is: H=[1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)+0.044+0.5×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)-0.022×tan(latitude -10.5°)] / [tan(66.5°-latitude)+0.044].

9. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the heat storage slope (12) is connected to the front end of the front roof (2), and the edge of the cultivation shallow groove (7) close to the heat storage slope (12) is connected to the bottom end of the heat storage slope (12). The width L1 of the heat storage slope (12) is related to the height H of the greenhouse as follows: L1=[0.044×H / tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.022] / sin(66.5°-latitude).

10. The light-temperature efficient mechanized solar greenhouse based on soil heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical distance s1 between adjacent shallow cultivation trenches (7) is: [1.1×N×tan(latitude -10.5°)-1.1×tan(latitude -10.5°)-0.088×H+0.044] / [(N-1)×tan(latitude -10.5°)×tan(66.5°-latitude)]+0.5.

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